566:
1615:
578:
873:
536:
909:
1600:
1664:
551:
1638:
318:
751:
64:
226:
945:
337:
743:
354:
279:
51:
297:
261:
927:
891:
241:
1498:. Louis Ferdinand Lambert, the farm's owner and a mycologist by training, brought the white mushroom back to his laboratory. As with the reception of white bread, it was seen as a more attractive food item and became grown and distributed. Similar to the commercial development history of the
451:
or cap of the original wild species is a pale grey-brown, with broad, flat scales on a paler background and fading toward the margins. It is first hemispherical before flattening out with maturity, and measures 5–10 centimetres (2–4 inches) in diameter. The narrow, crowded
2261:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1019:
Originally, cultivation was unreliable as mushroom growers would watch for good flushes of mushrooms in fields before digging up the mycelium and replanting them in beds of composted manure or inoculating 'bricks' of compressed litter,
827:
When marketed in its mature state, the mushroom is brown with a cap measuring 10–15 cm (4–6 in). This form is commonly sold under the names portobello, portabella, or portobella. The etymology is disputed.
2260:
1493:
Modern commercial varieties of the common agaricus mushroom were originally light brown. The white mushroom was discovered in 1925 growing among a bed of brown mushrooms at the
Keystone Mushroom Farm in
1024:, and manure. Spawn collected this way contained pathogens, and crops would be infected or not grow. In 1893, sterilized, or pure culture, spawn was discovered and produced by the
2239:
1614:
1484:
403:
in the world. It has two color states while immature – white and brown – both of which have various names, with additional names for the mature state, such as
2329:
1506:
apple, cultures were grown from the mutant individuals. Most cream-colored store mushrooms marketed today are products of this 1925 chance natural mutation.
565:
179:
1765:
Callac P, Billette C, Imbernon M, Kerrigan RW (1993). "Morphological, genetic, and interfertility analyses reveal a novel, tetrasporic variety of
2665:
2059:
836:
This mushroom is commonly found worldwide in fields and grassy areas following rain, from late spring to autumn, especially in association with
1844:
1599:
2717:
2785:
2551:
1637:
1806:
Callac P, Imbernon M, Guinberteau J, Pirobe L, Granit S, Olivier JM, Theochari I (2000). "Discovery of a wild
Mediterranean population of
225:
2392:
2364:
2268:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
1959:
2811:
2639:
2231:
2126:
2021:
577:
2273:
2084:
1990:
992:) was 48 million tonnes, led by China with 94% of the total (table). Japan and the United States were secondary producers.
2287:
502:, which may be streaked on the upper side. The firm flesh is white, although it stains a pale pinkish-red on bruising. The
2489:
2461:
2187:
1749:
1724:
535:
2887:
2322:
550:
2882:
2722:
17:
2386:
Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Song CH, Cho KY, Pang G (April 2009). "Vitamin D2 formation and bioavailability from
506:
is dark brown. The spores are oval to round and measure approximately 4.5–5.5 μm × 5–7.5 μm, and the
2149:"Production of mushrooms and truffles in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
2872:
2704:
1480:
2227:
2354:
2542:
1005:
2170:
Spencer DM (1985). "The mushroom–its history and importance". In Flegg PB, Spencer DM, Wood DA (eds.).
1471:
2839:
2803:
2732:
2631:
2051:
1495:
63:
1854:
2877:
2696:
1673:
456:
are free and initially pink, then red-brown, and finally a dark brown with a whitish edge from the
2892:
2670:
2504:
729:
2867:
1355:
665:
627:
158:
31:
2745:
2587:
1394:
1368:
614:
or cup at the base of the mushroom and pure white gills (as opposed to pinkish or brown of
1947:
8:
2179:
1483:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
693:
682:
175:
2618:
2479:
2114:
1788:
1544:
1381:
1335:
1129:
661:
597:
499:
453:
430:
307:
247:
188:
58:
2481:
Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas—a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians
2151:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2024
1520:
In a 100-gram serving, raw white mushrooms provide 93 kilojoules (22 kilocalories) of
2862:
2790:
2740:
2574:
2556:
2485:
2457:
2409:
2359:
2279:
2269:
2183:
2009:
1986:
1745:
1720:
1536:
1407:
1217:
1025:
1009:
716:. Emil Imbach (1897–1970) imparted the current scientific name of the species,
648:
515:
448:
435:
266:
510:
usually two-spored, although two four-spored varieties have been described from the
2579:
2427:
2401:
2122:
2017:
1955:
1780:
1606:
1540:
1234:
816:
736:
673:
652:
has a passing resemblance but has yellowish gills, turning pink, and lacks a ring.
611:
607:
461:
302:
2092:
2776:
1696:
Imbach EJ (1946). "Pilzflora des
Kantons Luzern und der angrenzen Innerschweiz".
787:
400:
360:
2709:
1573:) content increases substantially to 11.2 micrograms (446 IU) after exposure to
2798:
2626:
2263:
1849:
1566:
974:
750:
457:
105:
2856:
2527:
2175:
1503:
1085:
914:
687:
519:
511:
392:
380:
95:
2413:
2283:
1668:
1648:
1625:
1499:
1420:
1061:
396:
344:
2566:
2226:
2691:
2652:
2536:
2148:
1525:
1521:
1284:
1045:
950:
596:
The common mushroom could be confused with young specimens of a group of
523:
503:
324:
125:
2816:
2644:
1792:
1547:
1532:
1529:
1251:
1200:
742:
690:
115:
2405:
2829:
2683:
2657:
2613:
2600:
1771:
1585:
1581:
1562:
1551:
1313:
1300:
1000:
The earliest scientific description of the commercial cultivation of
399:
in more than 70 countries and is one of the most commonly and widely
384:
75:
50:
2498:
1784:
2824:
2770:
2678:
2605:
2521:
1644:
1629:
1574:
1543:(table). Fresh mushrooms are also a good source (10–19% DV) of the
1183:
697:
284:
252:
231:
135:
1930:
1903:
Schäffer J, Møller FH (1939). "Beitrag zur
Psalliota Forschung".
1163:
1013:
989:
970:
709:
602:
507:
388:
2592:
1983:
Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi
1805:
1267:
932:
837:
640:
636:
85:
1876:
Lange JE (1926). "Studies in the agarics of
Denmark. Part VI.
1837:
1764:
1075:
896:
878:
863:
30:"Champignon" redirects here. For the Brazilian musician, see
1621:
1021:
2328:. Nutrient Data Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture.
2254:
2232:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2107:
2004:
2002:
639:; its flesh turns yellow when bruised. This fungus causes
1105:
2430:. PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 24 July 2021
2390:
button mushrooms treated with ultraviolet irradiation".
1942:
1940:
631:, an inedible mushroom found worldwide in grassy areas.
2385:
1999:
1512:
is cultivated in at least seventy countries worldwide.
621:
A more common and less dangerous mistake is to confuse
1605:
Ventral view of a portobello cultivar with a bisected
735:
distinguishes the two-spored basidia from four-spored
2172:
The
Biology and Technology of the Cultivated Mushroom
1937:
1833:. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co. p. 138.
1698:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
1719:. Garden City Press, Hertfordshire. pp. 82–83.
1028:
in Paris for cultivation on composted horse manure.
664:
history. It was first described by
English botanist
2265:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
988:In 2022, world production of mushrooms (including
2085:"portobello | Definition of portobello by Lexico"
2036:
1345:
1173:
1016:would lead to the propagation of more mushrooms.
2854:
1524:and are an excellent source (20% or more of the
610:, but the latter may be distinguished by their
2314:
2220:
1985:(Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.
1902:
1040:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2049:
1920:
1918:
2320:
1739:
498: in) wide and bears a thick and narrow
2163:
1924:
1896:
1714:
831:
814:chestnut mushroom (not to be confused with
2393:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
2228:United States Food and Drug Administration
2169:
1933:, Italy: Giovanna Biella. pp. 123–25.
1915:
1733:
49:
2079:
2077:
1810:, and its usefulness for breeding work".
1695:
1689:
2477:
1875:
1869:
1828:
1822:
1769:from the Sonoran Desert of California".
749:
741:
2451:
2420:
2308:
2214:
2202:
2141:
1580:A. Bisporus contains 0.4 g/kg fresh of
1561:only contains 0.2 micrograms (8 IU) of
14:
2855:
2074:
1717:Wild Mushrooms:An Illustrated Handbook
754:Cross-section of a portobello cultivar
660:The common mushroom has a complicated
2503:
2502:
2367:from the original on 4 September 2011
2129:from the original on 29 February 2020
1980:
1962:from the original on 29 February 2020
1845:"Species Fungorum – Species synonymy"
708:in 1926. In 1938, it was promoted to
2840:12ead9c7-6b99-441f-bd94-2ba8c0925aab
2733:4539f5d2-3aa0-4d47-a5bd-66784b818346
2484:. New York: WH Freeman and Company.
2335:from the original on 1 February 2021
2062:from the original on 10 January 2019
2052:"Portobello (Portobella) Mushrooms"
1853:. CAB International. Archived from
24:
2471:
2242:from the original on 27 March 2024
2050:GourmetSleuth (11 November 2013).
2024:from the original on 7 August 2022
1012:noted that transplanting mushroom
591:
25:
2904:
767:, this mushroom may be known as:
1662:
1636:
1613:
1598:
943:
925:
907:
889:
871:
798:, it may be known variously as:
576:
564:
549:
534:
433:lookalikes in the wild, such as
352:
335:
316:
295:
277:
259:
239:
224:
62:
2379:
2347:
2302:
2290:from the original on 9 May 2024
2208:
2196:
1974:
811:cremini (also crimini) mushroom
646:The poisonous European species
571:Brown variety grown in a quarry
478: in) tall by 1–2 cm (
1799:
1758:
1708:
1008:in 1707. French agriculturist
843:
442:
13:
1:
2454:Mushroom Growing for Everyone
2089:Lexico Dictionaries | English
1683:
983:
643:and vomiting in some people.
1515:
1479:Percentages estimated using
1004:was made by French botanist
7:
2478:Benjamin, Denis R. (1995).
1655:
1472:Link to USDA Database entry
1006:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
655:
635:has an odor reminiscent of
232:Mycological characteristics
10:
2909:
2445:
1742:The Complete Mushroom Book
1591:
995:
526:lifestyles, respectively.
29:
2756:
2511:
2355:"Mushrooms and vitamin D"
1831:Handbook of British Fungi
1496:Coatesville, Pennsylvania
1478:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1283:
1266:
1250:
1233:
1216:
1199:
1182:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1050:93 kJ (22 kcal)
1044:
1039:
967:
850:
670:Handbook of British Fungi
583:Two fused brown mushrooms
351:
334:
314:
294:
276:
258:
238:
219:
194:
187:
164:
157:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
41:
2323:"Vitamin D in mushrooms"
832:Distribution and habitat
758:
700:specimen, and dubbed it
375:, commonly known as the
2888:Fungi described in 1926
1927:Fungi Europaei:Agaricus
1481:US recommendations
2883:Fungi of North America
1485:the National Academies
808:Italian brown mushroom
790:for mushroom) de Paris
755:
747:
623:Agaricus bisporus
2452:Genders, Roy (1969).
2321:Haytowitz DB (2009).
1981:Arora, David (1986).
1740:Carluccio A. (2003).
1643:Portobello soup with
1148:Vitamins and minerals
753:
745:
666:Mordecai Cubitt Cooke
606:genus referred to as
518:, with predominantly
32:Champignon (musician)
2873:Fungi in cultivation
2758:Psalliota hortensis
1925:Cappelli A. (1984).
1886:Dansk Botanisk Arkiv
1715:Zeitlmayr L (1976).
1620:Grilled portobello,
1565:per 100 g, the
851:Mushroom and truffle
805:Roman brown mushroom
802:Swiss brown mushroom
746:Portobello mushrooms
633:A. xanthodermus
628:A. xanthodermus
464:is up to 6 cm (
2180:John Wiley and Sons
1628:salad on a toasted
1235:Pantothenic acid (B
1036:
780:cultivated mushroom
712:status and renamed
702:Psalliota hortensis
694:Jakob Emanuel Lange
683:Agaricus campestris
421:champignon de Paris
383:mushroom native to
377:cultivated mushroom
198:Psalliota hortensis
1905:Annales Mycologici
1647:and a sprinkle of
1446:Other constituents
1031:
853:production – 2022
794:When immature and
763:When immature and
756:
748:
460:. The cylindrical
401:consumed mushrooms
2850:
2849:
2741:Open Tree of Life
2543:Agaricus bisporus
2513:Agaricus bisporus
2505:Taxon identifiers
2456:. London: Faber.
2406:10.1021/jf803908q
2388:Agaricus bisporus
2360:Los Angeles Times
2275:978-0-309-48834-1
2095:on 31 August 2019
1992:978-0-89815-169-5
1829:Cooke MC (1871).
1808:Agaricus bisporus
1767:Agaricus bisporus
1491:
1490:
1436:
1435:
1033:Agaricus bisporus
1026:Pasteur Institute
1010:Olivier de Serres
981:
980:
977:
718:Agaricus bisporus
714:Psalliota bispora
696:later reviewed a
649:Entoloma sinuatum
608:destroying angels
543:Agaricus bisporus
436:Entoloma sinuatum
372:Agaricus bisporus
368:
367:
221:Agaricus bisporus
214:Species of fungus
212:
211:
206:
168:Agaricus bisporus
43:Agaricus bisporus
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
2900:
2843:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2806:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2761:
2749:
2748:
2736:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2710:NHMSYS0001473120
2700:
2699:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2673:
2661:
2660:
2648:
2647:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2595:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2467:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2182:. pp. 1–8.
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2123:Mushroom Council
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2091:. Archived from
2081:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2018:Mushroom Council
2006:
1997:
1996:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1956:Mushroom Council
1944:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1812:Mushroom Science
1803:
1797:
1796:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1669:Fungi portal
1667:
1666:
1665:
1640:
1617:
1602:
1545:dietary minerals
1541:pantothenic acid
1349:
1288:
1271:
1255:
1238:
1221:
1204:
1187:
1177:
1144:
1143:
1037:
1030:
1002:A. bisporus
968:
949:
947:
946:
931:
929:
928:
913:
911:
910:
895:
893:
892:
877:
875:
874:
848:
847:
817:Pholiota adiposa
730:specific epithet
720:after the genus
616:A. bisporus
598:lethal mushrooms
580:
568:
559:being cultivated
553:
538:
497:
496:
492:
487:
486:
482:
477:
476:
472:
469:
429:has some deadly
356:
355:
339:
338:
320:
319:
299:
298:
281:
280:
263:
262:
243:
242:
228:
217:
216:
205:J.E.Lange (1926)
204:
170:
150:A. bisporus
67:
66:
53:
39:
38:
21:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2878:Fungi of Europe
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2823:
2815:
2810:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2573:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2507:
2492:
2474:
2472:Further reading
2464:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2119:Fresh Mushrooms
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2048:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2014:Fresh Mushrooms
2008:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1952:Fresh Mushrooms
1946:
1945:
1938:
1923:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1857:on 10 June 2011
1843:
1842:
1838:
1827:
1823:
1804:
1800:
1785:10.2307/3760617
1763:
1759:
1752:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1713:
1709:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1641:
1632:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1594:
1572:
1518:
1474:
1469:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1350:
1320:
1307:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1149:
1138:
1133:
1114:
1109:
1070:
1065:
998:
986:
944:
942:
926:
924:
908:
906:
890:
888:
872:
870:
862:
852:
846:
834:
777:button mushroom
771:common mushroom
761:
724:was renamed to
658:
594:
592:Similar species
589:
588:
587:
584:
581:
572:
569:
560:
554:
545:
539:
494:
490:
489:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
467:
465:
445:
353:
336:
321:
317:
296:
278:
260:
240:
234:
229:
215:
183:
172:
166:
153:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Button mushroom
15:
12:
11:
5:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2893:Fungus species
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2821:
2808:
2795:
2782:
2766:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2737:
2727:
2714:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2597:
2584:
2571:
2561:
2548:
2533:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2419:
2378:
2346:
2313:
2301:
2274:
2253:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2188:
2162:
2140:
2106:
2073:
2056:Gourmet Sleuth
2035:
1998:
1991:
1973:
1948:"White Button"
1936:
1929:(in Italian).
1914:
1895:
1868:
1850:Index Fungorum
1836:
1821:
1798:
1779:(5): 835–851.
1757:
1750:
1732:
1725:
1707:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1570:
1567:ergocalciferol
1517:
1514:
1489:
1488:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
997:
994:
985:
982:
979:
978:
975:United Nations
965:
964:
961:
957:
956:
953:
939:
938:
935:
921:
920:
917:
903:
902:
899:
885:
884:
881:
867:
866:
859:
855:
854:
845:
842:
833:
830:
825:
824:
821:
812:
809:
806:
803:
797:
792:
791:
784:
783:table mushroom
781:
778:
775:
774:white mushroom
772:
766:
760:
757:
657:
654:
593:
590:
586:
585:
582:
575:
573:
570:
563:
561:
555:
548:
546:
540:
533:
530:
529:
528:
458:cheilocystidia
444:
441:
366:
365:
357:
349:
348:
340:
332:
331:
322:
315:
312:
311:
300:
292:
291:
282:
274:
273:
264:
256:
255:
244:
236:
235:
230:
223:
213:
210:
209:
208:
207:
192:
191:
185:
184:
173:
162:
161:
155:
154:
147:
145:
141:
140:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
106:Agaricomycetes
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2905:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2491:0-7167-2600-9
2487:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2463:0-571-08992-5
2459:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2429:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:(8): 3351–5.
2399:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2311:, p. 121
2310:
2305:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2191:
2189:0-471-90435-X
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2150:
2144:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1907:(in German).
1906:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1751:1-84400-040-0
1747:
1744:. Quadrille.
1743:
1736:
1728:
1726:0-584-10324-7
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1700:(in German).
1699:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:, DV) of the
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:Red Delicious
1501:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1201:Riboflavin (B
1198:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:Dietary fiber
1083:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:Carbohydrates
1057:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
976:
972:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
952:
941:
940:
936:
934:
923:
922:
918:
916:
915:United States
905:
904:
900:
898:
887:
886:
882:
880:
869:
868:
865:
860:
857:
856:
849:
841:
839:
829:
822:
819:
818:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
800:
799:
795:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
768:
764:
752:
744:
740:
738:
734:
731:
728:in 1946. The
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
653:
651:
650:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:
599:
579:
574:
567:
562:
558:
552:
547:
544:
537:
532:
531:
527:
525:
521:
520:heterothallic
517:
516:Mediterranean
513:
512:Mojave Desert
509:
505:
501:
463:
459:
455:
450:
440:
438:
437:
432:
428:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:North America
390:
386:
382:
381:basidiomycete
378:
374:
373:
364:
363:
359:Edibility is
358:
350:
347:
346:
341:
333:
330:
326:
323:
313:
310:
309:
304:
301:
293:
290:
286:
283:
275:
272:
268:
265:
257:
254:
250:
249:
245:
237:
233:
227:
222:
218:
203:
199:
196:
195:
193:
190:
186:
181:
177:
171:
169:
163:
160:
159:Binomial name
156:
152:
151:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:Basidiomycota
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2868:Edible fungi
2757:
2512:
2480:
2453:
2432:. Retrieved
2422:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2358:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2316:
2309:Genders 1969
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2264:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:
2222:
2217:, p. 18
2215:Genders 1969
2210:
2205:, p. 19
2203:Genders 1969
2198:
2171:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2118:
2115:"Portabella"
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2088:
2064:. Retrieved
2055:
2026:. Retrieved
2013:
1982:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1951:
1926:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1848:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1741:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1675:
1649:black pepper
1579:
1558:
1557:While fresh
1556:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1500:navel orange
1492:
1450:
1445:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1128:
1104:
1060:
1032:
1018:
1001:
999:
987:
835:
826:
815:
793:
786:champignon (
762:
732:
725:
721:
717:
713:
705:
701:
681:
677:
669:
668:in his 1871
659:
647:
645:
632:
626:
622:
620:
615:
601:
595:
556:
542:
446:
434:
426:
425:
420:
416:
413:portabellini
412:
408:
404:
376:
371:
370:
369:
361:
345:saprotrophic
343:
328:
306:
288:
270:
246:
220:
201:
197:
167:
165:
149:
148:
136:
42:
36:
2692:NatureServe
2653:iNaturalist
2537:Wikispecies
2428:"Agaritine"
2155:25 February
2133:29 February
2028:29 February
1966:29 February
1911:(1): 64–82.
1892:(12): 1–52.
1559:A. bisporus
1526:Daily Value
1522:food energy
1510:A. bisporus
1184:Thiamine (B
1035:, white raw
951:Netherlands
861:Millions of
844:Cultivation
557:A. bisporus
524:homothallic
504:spore print
443:Description
427:A. bisporus
342:Ecology is
325:Spore print
126:Agaricaceae
2857:Categories
1861:21 January
1818:: 245–252.
1684:References
1548:phosphorus
1533:riboflavin
1530:B vitamins
1382:Phosphorus
984:Production
823:baby bella
691:mycologist
409:portobello
397:cultivated
385:grasslands
116:Agaricales
92:Division:
2777:Q61912452
2697:2.1063273
2614:FloraBase
2371:23 August
2099:31 August
2066:9 January
2010:"Crimini"
1878:Psalliota
1772:Mycologia
1586:mycotoxin
1582:agaritine
1563:vitamin D
1554:(table).
1552:potassium
1516:Nutrition
1395:Potassium
1369:Magnesium
1314:Vitamin D
1301:Vitamin C
1285:Vitamin B
1268:Folate (B
1252:Vitamin B
1218:Niacin (B
737:varieties
722:Psalliota
678:hortensis
662:taxonomic
431:poisonous
176:J.E.Lange
144:Species:
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
2863:Agaricus
2825:MycoBank
2799:Fungorum
2791:60033749
2786:AusFungi
2771:Wikidata
2679:MycoBank
2671:11209605
2627:Fungorum
2564:BioLib:
2557:60022127
2552:AusFungi
2522:Wikidata
2414:19281276
2365:Archived
2339:16 April
2330:Archived
2288:Archived
2284:30844154
2246:28 March
2240:Archived
2230:(2024).
2176:New York
2127:Archived
2060:Archived
2022:Archived
1960:Archived
1676:Agaricus
1674:List of
1656:See also
1645:capsicum
1630:baguette
1575:UV light
1451:Quantity
1342:Quantity
1336:Minerals
1262:0.104 mg
1246:1.497 mg
1229:3.607 mg
1212:0.402 mg
1195:0.081 mg
1170:Quantity
1164:Vitamins
990:truffles
969:Source:
858:Country
726:Agaricus
698:cultivar
656:Taxonomy
514:and the
405:chestnut
395:. It is
285:Hymenium
253:hymenium
189:Synonyms
137:Agaricus
122:Family:
72:Domain:
2817:6328594
2762:bispora
2645:5243447
2593:1004413
2528:Q227690
2446:Sources
2434:27 July
2294:21 June
2125:. n.d.
2020:. n.d.
1958:. n.d.
1931:Saronno
1882:Russula
1793:3760617
1704:: 5–85.
1678:species
1626:arugula
1592:Gallery
1460:92.45 g
1428:0.52 mg
1295:0.04 μg
1130:Protein
1014:mycelia
996:History
973:of the
971:FAOSTAT
733:bispora
710:species
706:bispora
674:variety
672:, as a
603:Amanita
600:in the
508:basidia
493:⁄
483:⁄
473:⁄
389:Eurasia
379:, is a
202:bispora
132:Genus:
112:Order:
102:Class:
2837:NZOR:
2830:267375
2804:267375
2746:564405
2730:NZOR:
2684:292246
2632:531546
2606:AGARBI
2567:174980
2488:
2460:
2412:
2282:
2272:
2186:
1989:
1791:
1748:
1723:
1624:, and
1539:, and
1537:niacin
1408:Sodium
1402:318 mg
1363:0.5 mg
1321:0.2 μg
1308:2.1 mg
1137:3.09 g
1113:0.34 g
1080:1.98 g
1076:Sugars
1069:3.26 g
1046:Energy
948:
933:Poland
930:
912:
894:
876:
864:tonnes
838:manure
788:French
688:Danish
676:(var.
641:nausea
637:phenol
541:White
449:pileus
417:button
362:choice
305:has a
271:convex
182:(1946)
180:Imbach
2666:IRMNG
2658:61395
2619:49940
2580:65M7Y
2333:(PDF)
2326:(PDF)
1789:JSTOR
1607:stipe
1457:Water
1389:86 mg
1279:17 μg
963:48.3
960:World
955:0.24
937:0.26
919:0.32
901:0.47
897:Japan
883:45.4
879:China
796:brown
765:white
759:Names
704:var.
680:) of
625:with
612:volva
462:stipe
454:gills
329:brown
303:Stipe
248:Gills
86:Fungi
2812:GBIF
2723:5341
2718:NCBI
2640:GBIF
2601:EPPO
2486:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2436:2021
2410:PMID
2373:2003
2341:2018
2296:2024
2280:PMID
2270:ISBN
2248:2024
2184:ISBN
2157:2024
2135:2020
2101:2019
2068:2019
2030:2020
1987:ISBN
1968:2020
1863:2010
1746:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1622:feta
1584:, a
1550:and
1502:and
1421:Zinc
1415:3 mg
1376:9 mg
1356:Iron
1022:loam
522:and
500:ring
447:The
419:and
391:and
308:ring
289:free
2705:NBN
2588:EoL
2575:CoL
2402:doi
2236:FDA
1884:".
1781:doi
1588:.
1400:11%
1347:%DV
1244:30%
1227:23%
1210:31%
1175:%DV
1106:Fat
1090:1 g
618:).
387:in
327:is
287:is
269:is
267:Cap
251:on
200:f.
2859::
2827::
2814::
2801::
2788::
2773::
2760:f.
2743::
2720::
2707::
2694::
2681::
2668::
2655::
2642::
2629::
2616::
2603::
2590::
2577::
2554::
2539::
2524::
2408:.
2398:57
2396:.
2363:.
2357:.
2286:.
2278:.
2238:.
2234:.
2178::
2174:.
2121:.
2117:.
2087:.
2076:^
2058:.
2054:.
2038:^
2016:.
2012:.
2001:^
1954:.
1950:.
1939:^
1917:^
1909:36
1888:.
1880:,
1847:.
1816:15
1814:.
1787:.
1777:85
1775:.
1702:15
1577:.
1569:(D
1535:,
1426:5%
1413:0%
1387:7%
1374:2%
1361:3%
1319:1%
1306:2%
1293:2%
1287:12
1277:4%
1260:6%
1193:7%
840:.
739:.
686:.
439:.
423:.
415:,
411:,
407:,
178:)
2494:.
2466:.
2438:.
2416:.
2404::
2375:.
2343:.
2298:.
2250:.
2192:.
2159:.
2137:.
2103:.
2070:.
2032:.
1995:.
1970:.
1890:4
1865:.
1795:.
1783::
1754:.
1729:.
1571:2
1487:.
1272:)
1270:9
1254:6
1239:)
1237:5
1222:)
1220:3
1205:)
1203:2
1188:)
1186:1
820:)
495:4
491:3
488:–
485:2
481:1
475:2
471:1
468:+
466:2
174:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
