369:
929:
893:
399:, grow to 30 cm (12 in). The common name references the brightly coloured and strikingly patterned bodies of many species, bearing shades of black, white, blue, red, orange, and yellow. Other species are dull in colour. Butterflyfish are a boundless, different group of marine percoids with delegates on practically all coral reef frameworks and in every single tropical ocean. Their bright and color patterns have drawn in much consideration, creating an abundance of data about their conduct and environment. Many have
875:
910:
136:
118:
1144:
Smith, W. (2003). The evolution of the laterophysic connection with a revised phylogeny and taxonomy of butterflyfishes (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae). Cladistics the
International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society., 19(4), 287–306.
630:
allows placement of the initial split between the two main lineages to the middle to late Eocene, and together with the few other fossils, it allows the deduction that most living genera were probably distinct by the end of the
411:
narrow bodies are easily noticed through the profusion of reef life. The conspicuous coloration of butterflyfish may be intended for interspecies communication. Butterflyfish have uninterrupted
426:
and frequenting waters less than 18 m (59 ft) deep (though some species descend to 180 m (590 ft), butterflyfish stick to particular home ranges. These
729:
928:
863:
1609:
1060:
666:
551:
467:
fish is covered in large, bony plates extending from the head. They lose their bony plates as they mature. Only one other family of fish, the scats (
1604:
1473:
1499:
452:. Balancing the relative populations of prey and predator is complex, leading hobby aquarists to focus on the few generalists and specialist
1036:
909:
984:(2007): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family.
1447:
1486:
495:
of
Chaetodontidae. In any case, one lineage of Chaetodontidae (in the modern sense) contains the "typical" butterflyfish around
434:
feeders form large conspecific groups. By night, butterflyfish hide in reef crevices and exhibit markedly different coloration.
892:
1209:
1170:
986:
964:
1491:
874:
491:
and
Chaetodontidae were united under the latter name as a single family. Hence, Chaetodontinae is today considered a
459:
Butterflyfish are pelagic spawners; that is, they release many buoyant eggs into the water, which become part of the
1199:
1571:
1504:
463:, floating with the currents until hatching. The fry go through a tholichthys stage, wherein the body of the post
360:, the former are probably not too distantly related to butterflyfish, whereas the Zanclidae seem far less close.
1025:(Teleostei: Chaetodontidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups.
840:
622:
40–37 million years ago (Mya). Thus, the
Chaetodontidae emerged probably in the early to mid-Eocene. A crude
212:
852:
842:
408:
135:
1313:
847:
387:
Butterflyfish mostly range from 12 to 22 cm (4.7 to 8.7 in) in length. The largest species, the
1408:
1395:
859:
854:
851:
849:
430:
are especially territorial, forming pairs and staking claim to a specific coral head. Contrastingly, the
861:
1413:
1081:
900:
843:
1553:
1082:"Evolutionary history of the butterflyfishes (f: Chaetodontidae) and the rise of coral feeding fishes"
855:
1576:
1514:
841:
1080:
Bellwood, D. R.; Klanten, S.; Cowman, P. F.; Pratchett, M. S.; Konow, N.; Van HERWERDEN, L. (2010).
846:
844:
1373:
934:
880:
858:
856:
853:
850:
28:
1599:
1033:
848:
643:
The bannerfish-coralfish lineage can be further divided in two groups; these might be considered
1540:
860:
1335:
915:
373:
21:
845:
1535:
1478:
1236:
R. Betancur-Rodriguez; E. Wiley; N. Bailly; A. Acero; M. Miya; G. Lecointre; G. Ortí (2017).
857:
532:
1563:
1527:
479:
The
Chaetodontidae can be, but are not usually, divided into two lineages that arguably are
1434:
1382:
1127:
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8:
523:
388:
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377:
238:
130:
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793:
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on their flanks and dark bands across their eyes, not unlike the patterns seen on
1426:
1040:
737:
644:
623:
511:, the precise relationships of the Chaetodontidae as a whole are badly resolved.
445:
1146:
999:
752:
705:
661:
647:, but have not been formally named. Genera are listed in order of the presumed
543:
492:
299:
177:
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1235:
1593:
1358:
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1105:
816:
801:
760:
555:
547:
539:
488:
468:
324:
307:
75:
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1113:
811:
538:. This clade contains 7 families which appear to have some relationship to
508:
354:
342:
311:
303:
955:
Pratchett, Morgan S. & Berumen, Michael L. & Kapoor, B.G. :
577:, and it is becoming clear how to subdivide the genus if that is desired.
1460:
1367:
1215:
504:
480:
453:
449:
431:
427:
357:
187:
50:
1161:
Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
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368:
332:
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95:
60:
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788:
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619:
589:
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518:
404:
350:
337:
316:
197:
147:
100:
1452:
1329:
1352:
1318:
1007:
674:
515:
460:
438:
265:
167:
90:
85:
70:
65:
55:
314:
occur in the Indian and
Pacific Oceans, members of the huge genus
687:
602:
597:
287:
117:
105:
80:
615:
611:
581:
500:
291:
221:
157:
1079:
839:
1548:
1439:
593:
528:
464:
442:
268:
125:
Various examples of butterflyfishes, along with angelfishes
295:
271:
1238:"Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes – Version 4"
565:
was confused about whether to treat these as species or
419:
that may be rounded or truncated, but are never forked.
249:
1160:
584:
record of this group is marginal. Their restriction to
550:. Other authorities have paced the family in the order
323:
Butterflyfish look like smaller versions of angelfish (
286:
are also included in this group. The approximately 129
1019:
Hsu, Kui-Ching; Chen, Jeng-Ping & Shao, Kwang-Tsao
499:, while the other unites the bannerfish and coralfish
474:
1128:"FAMILY Details for Chaetodontidae - Butterflyfishes"
1198:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
588:
means their carcasses are liable to be dispersed by
20:"Butterfly Fish" redirects here. For the novel, see
1229:
487:is a little-used leftover from the period when the
596:, and any that do fossilize will not long survive
16:Tropical marine fish of the family Chaetodontidae
1591:
777:may eventually come to contain more genera; see
1299:Sepkoski (2002), Fessler & Westneat (2007)
1147:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0748-3007(03)00070-7
1052:A compendium of fossil marine animal genera.
982:Fessler, Jennifer L. & Westneat, Mark W.
1610:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1165:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 184.
626:in combination with the evidence given by
363:
116:
1263:
1253:
651:, from the most ancient to the youngest:
437:Their coloration also makes them popular
1184:
1182:
939:Chaetodon bennetti (sometimes placed in
573:have been proposed for splitting out of
514:Chaetodontidae is classified within the
367:
1308:
1013:Family Chaetodontidae – Butterflyfishes
1605:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
1592:
1191:
1027:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement
1334:
1333:
1179:
1156:
1154:
1554:865687AC-8E0C-4463-FF0F-0C3AFDD579B7
1515:76115ca0-423e-48ec-ae04-0fd02b7f6eea
1204:(5th ed.). Wiley. p. 453.
527:, but they are placed in an unnamed
441:fish. However, most species feed on
1286:Fessler & Westneat (2007), Hsu
475:Taxonomy, systematics and evolution
13:
1151:
1054:Bulletins of American Paleontology
949:
14:
1621:
471:) express such an armored stage.
1098:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01904.x
927:
908:
891:
873:
134:
48:
1302:
1086:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1021:(2007): Molecular phylogeny of
714:Bannerfish/coralfish lineage 2:
655:Bannerfish/coralfish lineage 1:
1293:
1280:
1138:
1120:
1073:
27:For an unrelated species, see
1:
1188:Fessler & Westneat (2007)
970:
610:fossil from the mid- to late
335:. Some members of the genus
7:
1000:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.018
957:Biology of Butterflyfishes.
834:
561:Before DNA sequencing, the
264:are a group of conspicuous
230:
10:
1626:
901:Johnrandallia nigrirostris
866:
327:), but unlike these, lack
18:
1342:
1255:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
775:"typical" butterflyfishes
638:
244:
237:
227:
220:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
39:
1322:. February 2013 version.
1312:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1242:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1015:. Retrieved 2008-SEP-02.
935:Bluelashed butterflyfish
881:Copperband butterflyfish
618:, dates from around the
294:are found mostly on the
29:Freshwater butterflyfish
1314:"Family Chaetodontidae"
918:, (sometimes placed in
531:which sits outside the
364:Description and ecology
1163:Encyclopedia of Fishes
987:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
916:Sunburst butterflyfish
521:by the 5th edition of
384:
22:Butterfly Fish (novel)
1536:Paleobiology Database
1061:HTML database excerpt
554:alongside the family
483:. The subfamily name
371:
353:Zanclidae. Among the
393:saddle butterflyfish
382:Heniochus diphreutes
1201:Fishes of the World
524:Fishes of the World
407:wings. Their deep,
389:lined butterflyfish
378:false Moorish idols
1039:2007-08-11 at the
385:
1587:
1586:
1523:Open Tree of Life
1336:Taxon identifiers
1211:978-1-118-34233-6
1172:978-0-12-547665-2
1002:
965:978-1-4665-8290-3
959:CRC Press, 2014.
885:Chelmon rostratus
830:
820:
807:
797:
769:
756:
743:
733:
709:
696:
683:
670:
569:. Also, numerous
552:Chaetodontiformes
258:
257:
253:
216:
1617:
1580:
1579:
1567:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1544:
1543:
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1508:
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1469:
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1403:
1391:
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1378:
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1376:
1363:
1362:
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1331:
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1324:
1323:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1214:. Archived from
1195:
1189:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:www.fishbase.org
1124:
1118:
1117:
1077:
1047:
1020:
1010:
994:
983:
931:
912:
895:
877:
828:
815:
805:
792:
764:
751:
741:
724:
704:
691:
678:
665:
347:Zanclus cornutus
247:
211:
139:
138:
120:
110:
47:
43:Temporal range:
37:
36:
32:
25:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1590:
1589:
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1560:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1526:
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1513:
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1503:
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1472:
1464:
1459:
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1446:
1438:
1433:
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1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1338:
1328:
1327:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1212:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1078:
1074:
1045:
1041:Wayback Machine
1018:
1006:
1003:(HTML abstract)
981:
973:
952:
950:Further reading
945:
932:
923:
920:Lepidochaetodon
913:
904:
896:
887:
878:
869:
864:
862:
837:
738:Hemitaurichthys
641:
624:molecular clock
592:, overgrown by
477:
366:
310:. A number of
246:Chaetodontinae
210:
133:
111:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
46:Miocene–present
45:
44:
41:
40:Butterflyfishes
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1623:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1600:Chaetodontidae
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1568:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1509:
1496:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1401:Chaetodontidae
1392:
1388:Chaetodontidae
1379:
1374:Chaetodontidae
1364:
1348:
1346:
1344:Chaetodontidae
1340:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1310:Froese, Rainer
1301:
1292:
1279:
1228:
1210:
1190:
1178:
1171:
1150:
1137:
1119:
1092:(2): 335–349.
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1046:Sepkoski, Jack
1043:
1016:
1004:
978:
977:
972:
969:
968:
967:
951:
948:
947:
946:
933:
926:
924:
914:
907:
905:
898:The enigmatic
897:
890:
888:
879:
872:
868:
865:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
821:
808:
798:
771:
770:
757:
744:
734:
711:
710:
697:
684:
671:
662:Amphichaetodon
640:
637:
544:Monodactylidae
493:junior synonym
485:Chaetodontinae
476:
473:
365:
362:
331:spines at the
308:Pacific Oceans
276:Chaetodontidae
274:of the family
256:
255:
242:
241:
235:
234:
229:About 10, see
225:
224:
218:
217:
208:Chaetodontidae
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
178:Actinopterygii
175:
171:
170:
165:
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145:
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127:
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54:
49:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1603:
1601:
1598:
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1578:
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1559:
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1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
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1471:
1467:
1462:
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1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
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1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1218:on 2019-04-08
1217:
1213:
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1194:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1164:
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1087:
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1051:
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1042:
1038:
1035:
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1028:
1024:
1017:
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1005:
1001:
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989:
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953:
944:
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936:
930:
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921:
917:
911:
906:
903:
902:
894:
889:
886:
882:
876:
871:
870:
827:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
809:
806:Bleeker, 1874
804:
803:
802:Parachaetodon
799:
795:
791:
790:
786:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
767:
763:
762:
761:Johnrandallia
758:
754:
750:
749:
745:
742:Bleeker, 1876
740:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
718:
717:
716:
715:
707:
703:
702:
698:
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685:
681:
677:
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629:
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621:
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605:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
556:Leiognathidae
553:
549:
548:Priacanthidae
545:
541:
540:Acanthuroidei
537:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Pomacanthidae
486:
482:
472:
470:
469:Scatophagidae
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
383:
379:
375:
370:
361:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:resemble the
340:
339:
334:
330:
326:
325:Pomacanthidae
321:
319:
318:
313:
312:species pairs
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
267:
263:
262:butterflyfish
254:
251:
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236:
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223:
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209:
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199:
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107:
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97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
38:
35:
30:
23:
1343:
1317:
1304:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1248:(162): 162.
1245:
1241:
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1200:
1193:
1162:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1034:PDF fulltext
1029:
1026:
1022:
993:(1): 50–68.
990:
985:
956:
942:
941:Megaprotodon
938:
919:
899:
884:
829:Jordan, 1923
823:
812:Prognathodes
810:
800:
787:
778:
774:
772:
759:
746:
736:
719:
713:
712:
699:
686:
673:
660:
654:
653:
642:
627:
601:
600:. However,
579:
574:
560:
522:
513:
509:paraphyletic
496:
484:
478:
458:
450:sea anemones
436:
428:corallivores
421:
397:C. ephippium
396:
386:
381:
355:paraphyletic
346:
343:Moorish idol
336:
322:
315:
283:
279:
275:
261:
259:
245:
228:
207:
34:
1461:iNaturalist
1368:Wikispecies
586:coral reefs
533:superfamily
507:are highly
505:Perciformes
481:subfamilies
454:zooplankton
432:zooplankton
413:dorsal fins
358:Perciformes
333:gill covers
188:Perciformes
1594:Categories
1222:2020-11-19
1048:(2002): .
971:References
721:Forcipiger
701:Chelmonops
590:scavengers
567:subspecies
422:Generally
329:preopercle
280:bannerfish
213:Rafinesque
194:Suborder:
1106:1010-061X
1032:: 77–86.
1023:Chaetodon
789:Chaetodon
780:Chaetodon
748:Heniochus
649:phylogeny
633:Paleogene
620:Bartonian
606:, a very
575:Chaetodon
571:subgenera
536:Percoidea
519:Percoidei
503:. As the
497:Chaetodon
456:feeders.
417:tail fins
409:laterally
405:butterfly
351:monotypic
349:) of the
338:Heniochus
317:Chaetodon
284:coralfish
248:(but see
198:Percoidei
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
1353:Wikidata
1319:FishBase
1274:28683774
1114:20487131
1067:Specific
1037:Archived
1008:FishBase
835:Timeline
794:Linnaeus
730:McGregor
675:Coradion
635:23 Mya.
563:taxonomy
516:suborder
461:plankton
439:aquarium
401:eyespots
391:and the
300:Atlantic
266:tropical
239:Synonyms
204:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1359:Q271004
1265:5501477
1059:: 560.
976:General
867:Gallery
766:Nalbant
706:Bleeker
693:Cloquet
688:Chelmon
667:Burgess
628:Pygaeus
603:Pygaeus
598:erosion
424:diurnal
298:of the
288:species
184:Order:
174:Class:
1577:125528
1564:114040
1561:uBio:
1541:266290
1528:615333
1512:NZOR:
1492:169554
1479:115306
1290:(2007)
1288:et al.
1272:
1262:
1208:
1169:
1112:
1104:
963:
819:, 1862
796:, 1758
768:, 1974
755:, 1816
753:Cuvier
732:, 1898
728:&
726:Jordan
708:, 1876
695:, 1817
682:, 1860
669:, 1978
645:tribes
639:Genera
616:Europe
612:Eocene
594:corals
582:fossil
546:, and
501:genera
465:larval
446:polyps
374:school
306:, and
304:Indian
292:genera
290:in 12
278:; the
269:marine
222:Genera
215:, 1810
1572:WoRMS
1549:Plazi
1505:30828
1474:IRMNG
1466:47318
608:basal
529:clade
443:coral
415:with
296:reefs
1500:NCBI
1487:ITIS
1453:8517
1448:GBIF
1440:5352
1414:1861
1409:BOLD
1270:PMID
1206:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1110:PMID
1102:ISSN
961:ISBN
817:Gill
773:The
680:Kaup
580:The
448:and
282:and
272:fish
260:The
250:text
231:text
51:PreꞒ
1435:EoL
1427:7YP
1422:CoL
1396:AFD
1383:ADW
1260:PMC
1250:doi
1094:doi
1057:364
1050:In:
996:doi
825:Roa
614:of
376:of
1596::
1574::
1551::
1538::
1525::
1502::
1489::
1476::
1463::
1450::
1437::
1424::
1411::
1398::
1385::
1370::
1355::
1316:.
1268:.
1258:.
1246:17
1244:.
1240:.
1181:^
1153:^
1130:.
1108:.
1100:.
1090:23
1088:.
1084:.
1030:14
1011::
991:45
937:,
883:,
783::
558:.
542:,
395:,
380:,
372:A
320:.
302:,
101:Pg
1276:.
1252::
1225:.
1175:.
1134:.
1116:.
1096::
998::
943:)
922:)
345:(
252:)
106:N
96:K
91:J
86:T
81:P
76:C
71:D
66:S
61:O
56:Ꞓ
31:.
24:.
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