534:
969:
1342:, (1550); "burnyng and destroyeng the countrey about, sparyng nether castel, towne, pyle nor vyllage, untyll they had overthrowen and destroyed many of them, as the borough and towne of Edenborough with the Abbey called Holy Rodehouse, and the kynges Palice adjoyned to the same. The towne of Lyth also with the haven and peyre. The castell and vyllage of Cragmyller, the Abbay of Newbottell, and parte of Muskelborowe towne, the Chappel of our lady of Lawret. Preston towne, and the castell Hatintowne wyth the Freres and Nunery, and castell of
1123:, was hurt in the cheek by an English arrow. On the High Street, the central main street of Edinburgh, the English were exposed to the artillery of the Castle. They attempted to place their cannon above the Butter-Tron, between Lawnmarket and Castlehill. A shot from the Castle dismounted one English cannon, and Hertford ordered it to be deliberately burst. At the end of that day, the English retired from the town to their camp at Leith after starting a number of fires.
1180:
1065:
783:
96:
108:
616:
761:) reported that he had 40 thousand-weight of biscuit on 20 April. At Berwick, Shelley had problems getting enough coal or wood for baking and brewing. He had to ask permission to impress more supplies and hold sales to rotate his stock. 4000 border horsemen waited at Berwick for Hertford's signal. At first it was planned that they would make a diversionary attack on
584:. These nobles were in touch with Henry VIII via Lennox's secretary Thomas Bishop and Angus's chaplain, Master John Penven. Their letters to Henry VIII requested intervention, and in March he replied that a 'main army' was in preparation. Henry's Privy Council issued his instructions for the invasion force on 10 April 1544, and they were to:
1111:
archery, during which Morris placed a cannon close to the gate. After three or four rounds, the gate was breached and the
English army stormed through killing 300 or 400 defenders. The Scottish exchequer accounts record that their heavy guns were withdrawn from the High Street into the Castle. At this point, according to a report sent to
1110:
to assault
Edinburgh's Netherbow Gate. During this operation some of the English gunners were killed. The infantry attacked the gate and, according to the English narrative, pulled one of the Scottish artillery pieces through its gunloop. The Scots could not retaliate due to heavy small arms fire and
1671:
Although
Edinburgh was not again threatened by the war, rebuilding was a slow process. New buildings were built on the exact site of their predecessors. Tenure of the Edinburgh lands was complex with numbers of owners claiming incomes from sub-divided buildings, with some portions 'mortified' to the
996:
Another stand before Leith itself gave some resistance, but folded after three expert
Scottish gunners were killed by arrows. Hertford summoned Eure and the border horsemen with a brief note mentioning the lack of resistance, signed from the field on the west of Leith. The English then entered Leith
1653:
The XXII day of May was the
Assencion day, and at nyght was made grete bone-fyers thorrow all London, and grete chere in every parych at every bone-fyer, and grete melody with dyvers instrewments; and the mayer wyth the shereffes rydynge thorrow every warde of London to see how it was done, for the
1166:
Christopher Morris shipped the larger artillery, the ships sailed, and on 14 May the harbour and piers of Leith were demolished. Hertford, as the King's
Lieutenant, knighted fifty-eight of his captains and his servant Thomas Fisher distributed three pounds and fifteen shillings amongst the men. The
952:
dismissed the threat and sat calmly at dinner. At 6 pm there were 200 ships and an
English pilot sounded the depths between Granton and Leith. Though experts could see this meant the English minded to land still there was no Scottish response. At daybreak on Sunday some of the smaller boats nosed
651:
who sent a messenger called
Wishart to Hertford. Time was too short to offer military support for these plans, but if those concerned would join in the destruction of Church property they would be offered asylum in England and £1000 to fund their action. Any schemes more elaborate than a punitive
976:
The
English account is similar, but mentions the presence of five or six thousand horsemen and some foot soldiers, positioned to prevent the short march from Granton to Leith at a ford on the Water of Leith. The Cardinal was with this army but after a few shots and only a couple of casualties on
1133:
The destruction of merchant's houses in
Edinburgh was not total. A few years later Alexander Sandilands brought a case against James Hamilton of Stanehouse, Captain of Edinburgh Castle. During the crisis Sandilands sold his wine to Hamilton, but he was never paid and his house was not burnt (or
773:
on 28 April that these 'countrymen' were so poor he had to lend them money. He also asked for 1000 Yorkshire archers as reinforcement so that they could come to Edinburgh to support the landing. In the event, it was agreed that Hertford would summon Eure when he had disembarked his troops. When
919:
from Holyroodhouse to the Castle and watched by his wardrobe servant Malcolm Gourlay. In the previous month an Edinburgh merchant James Johnston of Coates was paid £22 for going to "find out the Englishmen's purpose." The Burgh records are mostly missing for the year, so there is no detailed
1007:
Some buildings in Leith were burnt, including St Ninian's chapel at the Bridge-end. Their overnight security was increased by recently constructed defensive entrenchments. Next day, Monday 5 May, the larger English ships were able to unload the heavier artillery on the quayside of the
1051:
and Edinburgh Castle because they supported the English alliance. Arran, Guise, and the Cardinal now ordered their release so their supporters would help their cause. Maxwell later wrote that they were offered cash inducements, with incomes from church lands and pensions from the
910:
On 23 April 1544, all Scottish east coast towns were warned to entrench their bounds to resist the English navy. Men from neighbouring counties were summoned to muster in Edinburgh on 5 May. Extra gunners were hired for Edinburgh Castle, and Regent Arran's goods and the
2993:
1130:, and the English force was joined by Ralph Eure's 4000 border horsemen. Lord Hertford and his companions wrote that they watched Edinburgh burn from a hill beside the town and could hear "women and poor miserable creatures" crying out and blaming the Cardinal.
2607:
Whatton, William Robert, 'An Inquiry into the probability of a Tradition connected with the Library and Furniture of James IV of Scotland, and of their having been carried off after the Battle of Flodden, and set up at Speke Hall, in the county of Lancaster',
1195:
Although Hertford's army entered the town with little resistance, the defenders of the castle led by the Captain, James Hamilton of Stenhouse kept up an artillery barrage, firing down the line of the Royal Mile. The Clerk of the King's Works,
1095:
and two heralds. Otterburn offered to give up the keys of the town on conditions. Hertford refused to accept as he had no authority to bargain. Another English herald went to the Castle, and returned with the news that the Earl of Huntly and
1672:
chaplains of altars. At the end of the war, in September 1551 and February 1552 Parliament laid down guidelines for sharing the burden of costs for re-building the burnt lands and tenements "brint be the auld inimies of Ingland."
588:
Put all to fire and sword, burn Edinburgh, so razed and defaced when you have sacked and gotten what ye can of it, as there may remain forever a perpetual memory of the vengeance of God lightened upon for their falsehood and
2990:
977:
either side, the Scots abandoned their position at the ford of a stream, leaving their eight cannon. (Lisle said two slings and three serpentines were placed to fire across the river, agreeing with Lee's plan). The Earls of
1230:
Hertford estimated the value of goods in Leith at £10,000. This included a large stock of three grades of linen cloth from Brittany. The ships were loaded with property seized in Edinburgh and Leith. He also took the
2684:, (1903), 47–48, modern place names suggested here, Broughton and Stanhope are west of the army route home, but Patten's list may include places burnt by the Border horse.): Stevenson, Joseph, ed.,
1222:. The fore-wall of the castle was strengthened and repaired from July. This work was completed between July and August 1546 by three masons and four workmen (called barrowmen in the accounts).
993:
giving good service. The Admiral reported that Beaton stayed until he was in range of the handguns. He was wearing a frock of yellow velvet, cut and pulled out with white tinselled sarcenet.
1286:
Some of Hertford's muster lists survive at Longleat. These include the name of Sir William Norris of Liverpool. It has traditionally been asserted that carved panelling at his house of
1134:
looted) by English. Hamilton's representatives also bought wine and empty barrels from James Rynd's wife on 8 May, mentioning that timber could be used the reinforce the castle walls.
568:
to revoke this agreement prompting Henry to declare war in December 1543, and now the Regent was making ground against his rebels who still supported the English marriage, such as the
1028:
tried to meet Hertford at Leith, but an English guard shot him with an arrow in the leg. However, Hertford wrote that Brunstane was in the field with Arran and retreated with him to
2614:
3075:
1516:
1012:. These guns were to be used against Edinburgh's gates and the castle. Cardinal Beaton left the area on Monday, the date recorded in his accounts for hiring a guide between
1211:, the yacht of James V and furniture for the royal palaces. His hand was injured when a cannon backfired, and in June 1544 he was given 44 shillings to pay for treatment.
417:
3120:
371:
837:
at night. The other ships were not to show flags or lights. Any ship that was transporting base or double base guns was to mount them on the fore-deck for the landing.
202:
1259:. He had it engraved with an inscription claiming that it was used for the baptism of the Kings of Scotland. As a relic of the monarchy it was destroyed during the
1938:
517:
harassed the English forces, who had neither the time nor the resources to besiege the Castle. The English fleet sailed away loaded with captured goods, and with
3005:
366:
1163:
on 6 May. Hertford had mentioned in his dispatch that it would have been useful to garrison Inchgarvie, but his orders from Henry VIII would not allow it.
920:
information on any defence measures provided by the town. The English account mentions that the Scots had cast great trenches and ditches to defend Leith.
3115:
533:
957:
and the troops landed using these as piers for the larger boats. According to Knox, when around 10,000 men were landed unchallenged the Cardinal and
1680:
Hertford, as the King's lieutenant knighted the men listed below. The names of his captains are recorded in pay-books and muster lists preserved at
1648:
at Stirling with her insignia. Arran and Guise held rival parliaments in November, but she was forced to concede her claim to the regency to Arran.
1255:
who made plans of Edinburgh and Leith and assessed the strength of Edinburgh Castle. Lee certainly took a brass font from Holyrood which he gave to
3145:
982:
2069:, 'Stewarts and Tudors', Alexander Grant & Keith Stringer, Uniting the Kingdom?: The Making of British History (Routledge, 1995), p. 116.
1116:
195:
1310:'s Bible (1532). William Norris wrote in each volume that they were won at Edinburgh on 8 May 1544. The books passed to the library of the
948:
gave an account of the landing from another Scottish viewpoint. The English fleet was sighted before noon on Saturday 3 May. Knox said that
1214:
Repairs were made in July 1544, when two of the gunners, Tibault Roqueneau and Piers Schouffene (French or Flemish, originally employed at
2310:
Le cardinal y estoit en ung beau chamar de velour iausne tout couppé et deschiquetté bien soigneusement comme à ung tel prelat appartient
2228:
The Late Expedition in Scotland made by the King's highness' army under the conduct of the Right Honourable the Earl of Hertford in 1544.
1103:
930:
The Late Expedition in Scotland made by the King's highness' army under the conduct of the Right Honourable the Earl of Hertford in 1544.
688:
2606:
3110:
1159:
757:
was appointed Surveyor General of Victuals for the army. Edward Shelley (who was one of the first English soldiers to be killed at the
2308:, vol. 7 (London, 1899), no. 86, Admiral to Paget, 8 May 1544: the description of the Cardinal's costume was translated into French; "
1091:) was left in charge of Leith on 6 May with 1,500 men while the main force approached Edinburgh itself. They were met by the Provost
573:
1200:, who was Captain of the Pioneers on this expedition and the Surveyor of Calais, William Burgate, declared the castle impregnable.
188:
802:
143:
2816:
3150:
3026:
826:
424:
139:
985:
also left the field. Hertford's own dispatch describes this as a half-hour fight, "right sharply handled on both parts", with
1349:
The following places burnt or demolished were listed by William Patten, with other places and dates from a manuscript in the
577:
1084:
1036:
593:
581:
135:
1703:
569:
326:
246:
231:
631:
with France, was particularly responsible for the rejection of the marriage plan. Beaton's would-be kidnappers included
3135:
3095:
1120:
912:
653:
3140:
1919:
978:
124:
1644:
on 29 May 1544, and for a time Mary of Guise was acknowledged as Regent by her allies. She began to mint four penny
2582:
1795:
1044:
3002:
2833:
3085:
1708:
1025:
648:
2991:
National Library of Scotland: the 'Cambuskenneth Collection', books taken by William Norris of Liverpool in 1544
1971:
1040:
801:
were given on 28 April. All the ships were to be ready to weigh anchor at a favourable wind. The Lord Admiral,
2097:, vol. 1 (London, 1740), p. 32: the Scottish agent conducting this negotiation in London was called 'Wishart'.
3125:
1503:
1112:
806:
805:'s flagship would fly the St George Cross on the fore-top mast and two top-lights at night. The ships of the
3100:
1989:
1315:
766:
256:
1346:, the towne of Dunbar, Laurestone wyth the Graunge, with many other townes, castels, vyllages and pyles."
3070:
2944:
1381:
451:
3090:
3080:
1097:
461:
321:
301:
1660:
3130:
3065:
2970:
1401:
721:
632:
296:
2890:
Merriman, Marcus, 'The Assured Scots: Scottish collaborators with England during the Rough Wooing',
600:
was the King's Lieutenant of this Army Royal. He had considered establishing an English garrison at
1712:
1630:
1578:
762:
446:
236:
2520:
Michael Pearce, 'A French Furniture Maker and the 'Courtly Style' in Sixteenth-Century Scotland',
2182:
2134:
Report on the Manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquess of Bath, at Longleat, Seymour Papers
2052:
381:
2976:
A Collection of State Papers,... from the year 1542 to 1570, ... now Remaining at Hatfield House,
2766:
2395:
1731:
1295:
1291:
1154:
636:
261:
20:
1294:
though this has been challenged on stylistic grounds. At Speke there were legal books including
1764:
1746:
1685:
1493:
1319:
1252:
1251:
before the English soldiers fired the church. The lectern may have come into the possession of
1197:
565:
291:
3105:
1640:
After the English army left Scotland, Arran's regency was challenged at a council meeting in
1371:
541:
456:
410:
391:
356:
346:
251:
19:
This article is about the English military action. For the 19th-century Edinburgh fire, see
1832:
1736:
1723:
1625:
had to show the importance of Edinburgh as the capital of Scotland using the chronicles of
1464:
1459:
1330:
The returning English army burnt a number of settlements. The destruction was described by
561:
557:
502:
471:
341:
2938:
John Lesley's History of Scotland, from the death of King James I in the year 1436 to 1561
972:
St Ninian's Chapel at the Bridgend was burnt in May 1544. The attached manse still stands.
8:
2630:
1751:
1311:
1127:
1053:
999:
680:
545:
522:
518:
376:
336:
311:
266:
241:
212:
100:
2699:
Selections from unpublished manuscripts illustrating the reign of Mary Queen of Scotland
2196:
1684:. A book of 'conduct money' notes where the captains came from, e.g., Hugh Chomley from
286:
1927:
1688:
with 100 men, paid for travelling 130 miles to Edinburgh and back, William Norris from
1358:
954:
692:
664:
639:, and John Charteris who offered to attempt to capture the Cardinal as he travelled in
549:
281:
112:
2961:
271:
1599:
1350:
1260:
1115:, the English troops who were unused to urban warfare fought amongst each other, and
890:
715:
331:
276:
968:
2964:
Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury preserved at Hatfield House
2910:
1814:
1740:
1633:. However, apart from the physical destruction, a recent historian of the conflict
1557:
1434:
1188:
1048:
1009:
822:
758:
623:
Hertford discussed with Privy Council the possibility of Scottish allies capturing
597:
514:
498:
466:
361:
76:
3009:
2997:
2982:
2974:
2935:
2926:
2914:
2618:
2066:
1976:
1865:
1853:
1634:
1618:
1587:
1420:
1413:
1387:
1343:
1307:
1256:
1244:
1204:
1138:
1021:
668:
608:
but the Privy Council vetoed this plan. Henry VIII had also asked him to destroy
481:
306:
2927:
Laing, David, ed., 'John Knox's 'History of the Reformation', Books 1 & 2,'
2904:
2121:
The House of Commons: 1509–1558, part 1, Appendices, constituencies, members A–C
3013:
2952:
2920:
1957:
1892:
1841:
1837:
1681:
1409:
1264:
1248:
1240:
1092:
814:
809:, would follow and anchor as near as possible. Hertford and the treasure-ship (
770:
754:
706:
640:
552:, or at least bring the kingdom under his hegemony. He had contracted with the
386:
316:
226:
128:
3012:
shows English soldiers (red-flags) facing the Scottish (black-flags) over the
691:
reported to Lord Hertford that he had organised munitions for the invasion at
3059:
3041:
3028:
2986:, vol.5 part IV continued, London (1836), Scotland and the borders, 1534–1546
2017:, vol. 1 (London, 1883), nos. 101, 133, 134, 135: Haynes (1740), pp. 19, 20:
1874:
1799:
1780:
1529:
1522:
1469:
1405:
1335:
1280:
1215:
1107:
747:
741:
660:
628:
1984:
1951:
1859:
1775:
1626:
1544:
1486:
1331:
1301:
1268:
1168:
1013:
986:
958:
949:
829:, captain of the rear-ward would fly the ensign on his mizzen mast, with a
810:
791:
734:
659:
Lord Hertford wrote to his Scottish ally, the Master of Morton, the future
624:
553:
434:
37:
2635:
Proceedings and Papers of the Historical Society of Liverpool and Cheshire
513:, and the city was burnt on 7 May. However, the Scottish artillery within
1607:
1569:
1550:
1480:
1394:
1377:
1276:
1077:
941:
2021:, vol. 19 part 1 (1903), preface, identifies Penven as Angus's chaplain.
1179:
1072:
sketch showing the Palace of Holyroodhouse, English troops entering the
997:
unopposed, where they found two ships that had belonged to James V, the
3017:
2565:
1963:
1942:
1826:
1755:
1689:
1603:
1533:
1447:
1287:
1150:
1088:
1064:
1029:
933:
916:
782:
609:
1637:
concluded that the army, "really did little of any long-term effect."
1314:
in the 19th century. They were returned to Edinburgh in 2008 when the
180:
2863:, vol. 19 part 1 (1903), no. 531 (2) here modernised, also in Stow's
1883:
1784:
1595:
1453:
1424:
1126:
On 7 May, the fire-raising and looting continued, in the town and at
1073:
945:
937:
834:
798:
684:
605:
510:
476:
60:
2424:, vol. 7 (London, 1899), no. 89, French copy of Imperial newsletter.
928:
An account of the episode was published later in 1544 in London as;
612:, but Hertford pointed out the extra distance would be troublesome.
497:
in 1544 by an English army was the first major action of the war of
2948:, London (1903), see pp. 38–51, 'The Expedition into Scotland'
1641:
1591:
1142:
1017:
990:
700:
652:
raid on Edinburgh were shelved as Henry committed resources to the
644:
627:
during his invasion. Henry believed that Beaton, a favourer of the
95:
64:
2385:, vol. 5 (1836), pp. 428–429, the Confession of Lord Maxwell.
1770:
1693:
1538:
1509:
1474:
830:
647:
while attention was focused on Edinburgh. This offer was made by
615:
107:
2931:, vol. 1, Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh (1846), see pp. 119–123
2595:
Manuscripts of the Marquess of Bath at Longleat, Seymour Papers
1645:
1622:
1439:
1429:
1219:
604:, within walls made of timber topped with turf, and fortifying
402:
2883:
Balfour Paul, J, 'Edinburgh in 1544 and Hertford's invasion',
1318:
bought the collection. Inscriptions show they belonged to the
1239:, loading them with 80,000 cannon balls for ballast from the
601:
506:
2907:
reconstructs the appearance of the Scottish capital in 1544.
2577:
Chambers & Seton, 'Bellenden's translation of Boece' in
2093:, vol. 1 (London, 1883), p. 36 no. 36: Haynes, Samuel, ed.,
1146:
1020:, (a journey then more usually made by boat). According to
774:
Eure's men arrived in Edinburgh they would get their pay.
2819:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509–1558
2284:, vol. 19 part 1 (London, 1908), no. 481, Lisle to Paget.
1322:, who had a lodging on the south side of the Lawnmarket.
3076:
Burned buildings and structures in the United Kingdom
2688:(Maitland Club, 1837), p. 5 transcript Harley MS 6047
2861:
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII
2245:
The History of Mary Stewart by Claude Nau, Edinburgh
1218:) were working to improve the gun emplacements with
1167:
army left Leith by land on 15 May, stopping to burn
2568:, olromes, other linen cloths," perhaps sail-cloth.
961:
left Edinburgh. Nau wrote that the landing was at "
813:was treasurer) would follow with his ensign on the
3121:Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom
2817:C. J. Black, 'NEVILLE, Sir Anthony (by 1508–57)',
1675:
733:4 barrels of bow strings; described further as 40
2450:(Edinburgh, 1932), pp. 543–544, 546–547, 551–552.
864:, with the barque of Calais. For the battle; the
840:The ships were, for the vanguard or forward; the
3057:
2646:Gordon Duff, E., 'Some Scottish book-bindings',
2056:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), pp. 330–331, 338–341
1207:, a French carver who had made fittings for the
663:, in April 1544, discussing his journey towards
155:approx 6000 horsemen with infantry (not engaged)
2894:, vol. 47 no. 143 (April 1968), pp. 10–34.
2546:Accounts of the Lord High treasurer of Scotland
2534:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
2410:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
2198:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
1586:Places burnt by the fleet under the command of
2258:History of the Reformation, Works of John Knox
1617:News spread quickly throughout Europe, though
1191:with an English siege gun before David's Tower
1100:had brought 2000 horsemen to defend the town.
2940:, Bannatyne Club (1830), see pp. 180–188
2477:HMC Marquis of Bath, Longleat, Seymour Papers
2081:, vol. 5, part IV cont., (London, 1836), 377.
418:
196:
1243:arsenal. One surviving captured item is the
944:and taking fishing boats for landing-craft.
2871:, 2 (London, 1906), vol. 2, pp. 55–57.
1106:was then ordered to bring his artillery up
667:, and hoping he would leave the castles of
505:was compelled to allow the English to sack
2957:, vol. 2, HM General Register House (1892)
2564:, vol. 2 (1892), p. 378 no. 238, "canvas,
2448:Acts of the Lords of Council, 1501 to 1554
2333:'Calendar of Charters & other writs',
2230:Reynold Wolf, London (1544); reprinted in
1267:has a manuscript copy of a translation of
965:", meaning Wardie to the east of Granton.
656:in France already planned for the summer.
425:
411:
203:
189:
3116:16th-century military history of Scotland
2887:, vol. 8 no. 30, (1911), pp. 113–131
2739:, vol. 19 part 1 (London, 1903), no. 556.
2650:, vol. 4 no. 16 (July 1907), p. 432.
2467:, vol. 19 part 1 (London, 1908), no. 472.
2272:, vol. 9 (Glasgow, 1915), p. 526 no. 427.
2200:, vol.8, HM General Register House (1908)
2015:HMC, Marquis of Salisbury, Hatfield House
1654:good tydynges that came owte of Scotland
1087:(later commander of the Newhaven fort at
727:3000 bows, 1000 ready strung in 60 chests
2459:'Late Expedition in Scotland, 1544', in
2412:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1908), p. 291.
2260:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1846), pp. 119–120.
1178:
1063:
967:
781:
614:
532:
3146:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
2962:Historical Manuscripts Commission HMC:
2686:Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts
2581:, vol. 9, no. 75 (April 1922), p. 198:
2160:, vol. 19 part 1 (1903), nos. 464, 467.
1908:Knighted on Tuesday, 13 May, at Leith;
1024:, on the same day the Cardinal's enemy
777:
210:
75:town surrendered to English and burnt:
3058:
3003:British Library, London: the 1544 plan
2795:, vol. 4 (1967), pp. 66–67, 69–72
2637:, vol. 1 & 2, (1855), p. 242.
1698:Knighted on Sunday, 11 May, at Leith;
1662:Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London
671:and Tantallon in the hands of allies.
2621:(no knowledge of the Longleat muster)
2399:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1892), p. 384 no. 241
2216:The Late Expedition in Scotland, 1544
406:
184:
2781:Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,
1297:Bartolus sup. primi degestis veteris
932:A later account by Mary's secretary
643:. Their second scheme was to attack
594:Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
2916:The History of the Kirk of Scotland
2548:, vol. 8 (1908), pp. 304, 305, 474.
2437:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 369.
2110:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 722.
2038:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 326
1174:
730:4000 sheaves of arrows in 80 chests
13:
2966:, vol.1 (1883), see pp. 23–38
2877:
2186:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 354
14:
3162:
3111:Urban fires in the United Kingdom
2978:London (1740), see pp. 19–36
2898:
2324:, vol. 19 part 1 (1903), no. 464.
1692:, John Markham from Cottham near
1397:and the Chapel of Loretto, 15 May
1370:The Ficket, Fickettes, (possibly
2737:Letters & Papers, Henry VIII
2465:Letters & Papers, Henry VIII
2322:Letters & Papers, Henry VIII
2282:Letters & Papers, Henry VIII
2119:Bindoff, Stanley T., et al ed.,
2019:Letters & Papers, Henry VIII
1950:William Damport (Davenport), of
1149:. The fortress on the island of
737:of 12 dozen, i.e., 5,760 strings
432:
106:
94:
2946:An English Garner, Tudor Tracts
2854:
2841:
2826:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2755:
2742:
2730:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2675:
2662:
2653:
2640:
2624:
2600:
2587:
2583:Longleat's Libraries Christie's
2571:
2551:
2539:
2536:, vol. 8 (1908), 127, 143, 299.
2527:
2524:vol. XXXII (2018), pp. 127–136.
2514:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2453:
2440:
2427:
2422:Calendar of State Papers, Spain
2415:
2403:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2327:
2315:
2306:Calendar of State Papers, Spain
2299:
2296:vol. 19 part 1 (1908), no. 472.
2287:
2275:
2263:
2250:
2237:
2221:
2212:An English Garner: Tudor Tracts
2205:
2190:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
1937:Knighted on Sunday, 18 May, at
1676:Hertford's knights and captains
1325:
1026:Alexander Crichton of Brunstane
649:Alexander Crichton of Brunstane
16:1544 battle of the Rough Wooing
2805:History and Topography of York
2765:(Collins, 1977), pp. 148–153:
2612:, vol.4, (1857), pp. 1–14
2507:, vol. 19, 327, 468, 483–484:
2270:Calendar State Papers Scotland
2158:Letters and Papers, Henry VIII
2126:
2113:
2100:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2045:
2024:
2008:
1945:, (called Kilspindie Castle);
1203:One of the Castle gunners was
1153:was captured and destroyed by
1041:George Douglas of Pittendreich
923:
637:Norman Leslie Master of Rothes
1:
3151:Military history of Edinburgh
2837:, 2 (London, 1906), pp. 55–56
2214:, (1903), p. 41 re-printing,
2172:, vol. 2 (1892), pp. 354–356.
2002:
1581:, and Pele of Byckley, 19 May
1515:Haddington town, Friary, and
1303:Panormitanus on the Decretals
821:with two night lights on the
3020:, and the entry at Holyrood.
2923:(1842), see pp. 176–178
2566:polldavies (Pouldavid linen)
2511:, vol. 2 (1892), p. 356
2503:, vol. 3, HMSO (1975), 357:
2095:A Collection of State Papers
1612:
1316:National Library of Scotland
1059:
7:
2783:vol. 3 (1814), pp. 489–491.
2501:History of the King's Works
2371:Calendar State Papers Spain
2136:, vol. 4 (1967), pp. 60–63.
1502:Beverton, or "Bentestoun" (
1364:Nether Duddingstone, 12 May
1279:, Hertford's steward, from
1076:and an English position on
674:
528:
132:James Hamilton of Stenhouse
10:
3167:
2984:State Papers of Henry VIII
2892:Scottish Historical Review
2885:Scottish Historical Review
2851:, 2 (London, 1906), p. 55.
2648:Scottish Historical Review
2597:, vol. 4, HMSO (1967), 70.
2042:, vol. 19 part 1, no. 314.
1728:Edward Darrell (died 1549)
1556:village up to the foot of
1225:
1137:As destruction continued,
936:records the fleet burning
905:
18:
3136:Sieges involving Scotland
3096:16th century in Edinburgh
2727:(Edinburgh, 1833), p. 32.
2714:(Edinburgh, 1833), p. 32.
2491:(London, 1903), pp. 41–45
2361:, SHS (1913), p. 180
2202:lv–lix, pp. 276, 289–291.
2148:, vol. 4 (1967),pp. 64–65
1964:Clifton called Rocksavage
1724:Thomas Leigh alias Doctor
1448:Enderleigh, Pele and town
1402:Preston, Scottish Borders
1283:on Wednesday 7 May 1544.
940:on the north side of the
880:. For the rear-ward; the
633:James Kirkcaldy of Grange
442:
222:
166:
149:
118:
87:
43:
35:
30:
3141:Sieges involving England
2821:, ed. S.T. Bindoff, 1982
2373:, vol. 7 (1899), no. 95.
1435:Lauriston and its Grange
797:Orders for the fleet at
564:. But Arran allowed the
3008:21 October 2012 at the
2670:Thre Bokes of Cronicles
2479:, vol. 4 (1967), p. 73.
2383:State Papers Henry VIII
2091:HMC Salisbury, Hatfield
2079:State Papers Henry VIII
2034:(Tuckwell, 2000), 144:
1888:Thomas Clere of Norfolk
1570:Blackburn or Blackthorn
1292:Palace of Holyroodhouse
21:Great Fire of Edinburgh
3086:Disasters in Edinburgh
2936:Thomson, Thomas, ed.,
2929:The Works of John Knox
2905:Edinburgh 1544 Project
2869:The Knights of England
2849:The Knights of England
2835:The Knights of England
2761:Rosalind K. Marshall,
2752:(Tuckwell, 2000), 144.
2701:(Glasgow, 1837), p. 5.
2337:(1907), p. 327 no. 39.
1831:Peter Frecheville, of
1686:Cholmondeley, Cheshire
1656:
1494:Stanhope, Peeblesshire
1320:Abbot of Cambuskenneth
1192:
1145:and other villages in
1104:Sir Christopher Morris
1081:
973:
807:'vaward', the vanguard
794:
689:Sir Christopher Morris
679:The army assembled at
620:
596:, at this time called
591:
566:Parliament of Scotland
538:
119:Commanders and leaders
2725:Diurnal of Occurrents
2712:Diurnal of Occurrents
2359:Rentale Sancti Andree
2312:", no. 88 & note.
2294:Letters & Papers,
2123:, vol. 4 (1982), p. 6
1864:Thomas Maleveray, of
1858:William Ratcliff, of
1825:Richard Shirborne of
1651:
1273:Chronicle of Scotland
1182:
1067:
971:
785:
720:4 carriages with two
618:
586:
560:would marry his son,
542:Henry VIII of England
536:
521:that had belonged to
167:Casualties and losses
3126:Mary, Queen of Scots
2996:4 March 2016 at the
2505:Letters & Papers
2463:(London, 1903), 44:
2446:Robert Kerr Hannay,
2247:(1883), 318, 338–339
2040:Letters & Papers
1956:Ralph Leycester, of
1813:Richard Cholmley of
1577:Raunton or Raynton,
1492:Stanhows, (possibly
1361:and village, 12 May.
1306:, Lyon (1501), with
1300:, Venice (1499) and
915:were carried up the
886:Gillian of Dartmouth
778:Orders for the fleet
558:Mary, Queen of Scots
544:wished to unite the
503:Provost of Edinburgh
495:Burning of Edinburgh
162:4000 border horsemen
31:Burning of Edinburgh
3101:Looting in Scotland
3038: /
2953:Bain, Joseph, ed.,
2807:, (1859), p. 579 fn
2793:HMC, Seymour Papers
2672:, (1550), p. cliii.
2617:15 May 2012 at the
2610:Archaeologia Scotia
2146:HMC, Seymour Papers
1994:Humphrey Braidburne
1891:Anthony Neville of
1873:Thomas Talbott, of
1852:Laurence Smyth, of
1763:Hugh Cholmeley, of
1563:East Barnes, 18 May
1334:in his appendix to
1312:Liverpool Athenaeum
1000:Salamander of Leith
753:Anthony Neville of
681:Newcastle upon Tyne
546:Kingdom of Scotland
523:James V of Scotland
214:Anglo-Scottish Wars
101:Kingdom of Scotland
3071:16th-century fires
2697:Joseph Stevenson,
2659:See external links
2522:Regional Furniture
2349:(1903), pp. 40–41.
2243:Joseph Stevenson,
2234:(1903), pp. 38–51.
2030:Merriman, Marcus,
1962:Edmund Savage, of
1928:Sir Urian Brereton
1769:Edward Warren, of
1696:, Nottinghamshire.
1566:Blackthorn, 18 May
1367:Sandhinche, 12 May
1359:Craigmillar Castle
1193:
1082:
1047:were in prison at
974:
827:Earl of Shrewsbury
795:
765:. Their commander
695:. These included:
693:Berwick-upon-Tweed
665:Berwick-upon-Tweed
621:
550:Kingdom of England
539:
140:Earl of Shrewsbury
113:Kingdom of England
3091:Fires in Scotland
3081:Conflicts in 1544
2911:Calderwood, David
2750:The Rough Wooings
2748:Marcus Merriman,
2032:The Rough Wooings
1920:William Woodhowse
1717:William Wroughton
1600:South Queensferry
1351:Harley Collection
1261:English Civil War
1141:was sent to burn
1119:, brother of the
878:Elizabeth of Lynn
854:Gabian of Ipswich
687:. In April 1544,
654:siege of Boulogne
578:Earl of Cassillis
574:Earl of Glencairn
490:
489:
462:St Andrews Castle
400:
399:
179:
178:
83:
82:
3158:
3131:Edinburgh Castle
3066:1544 in Scotland
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3042:55.950°N 3.183°W
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
2872:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2824:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2770:, 2, pp. 409–410
2759:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2723:Thomas Thomson,
2721:
2715:
2710:Thomas Thomson,
2708:
2702:
2695:
2689:
2679:
2673:
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2657:
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2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2028:
2022:
2012:
1997:Francis Hothome.
1990:Robert Constable
1897:Leonard Beckwith
1884:(Norbury) Booths
1846:Robert Stapleton
1822:William Vavasour
1760:William Brereton
1667:
1666:
1560:(Telton), 18 May
1558:Tantallon Castle
1528:Byldy (sic) and
1423:'s, probably at
1400:three towers at
1344:Oliuer Sancklers
1189:Edinburgh Castle
1175:Edinburgh Castle
1171:and Haddington.
1085:William Stourton
1049:Blackness Castle
913:royal tapestries
870:Swan of Hamburgh
759:battle of Pinkie
515:Edinburgh Castle
499:the Rough Wooing
437:
427:
420:
413:
404:
403:
217:
215:
205:
198:
191:
182:
181:
111:
110:
99:
98:
77:Edinburgh Castle
45:
44:
28:
27:
3166:
3165:
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3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3010:Wayback Machine
2998:Wayback Machine
2955:Hamilton Papers
2901:
2880:
2878:Further reading
2875:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2842:
2831:
2827:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2768:Hamilton Papers
2760:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2680:
2676:
2667:
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2645:
2641:
2629:
2625:
2619:Wayback Machine
2605:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2576:
2572:
2562:Hamilton Papers
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2509:Hamilton Papers
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2435:Hamilton Papers
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2397:Hamilton Papers
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
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2255:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2226:
2222:
2218:, London (1544)
2210:
2206:
2195:
2191:
2184:Hamilton Papers
2180:
2176:
2170:Hamilton Papers
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2108:Hamilton Papers
2105:
2101:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2067:Marcus Merriman
2065:
2061:
2054:Hamilton Papers
2050:
2046:
2036:Hamilton Papers
2029:
2025:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1977:Hugh Willoughby
1935:
1932:Philip Egerton.
1924:George Brereton
1906:
1879:Richard Holland
1870:Robert Worseley
1849:Richard Egerton
1819:Thomas Waterton
1792:Edmund Trafford
1752:Thomas Holcroft
1720:Thomas Venables
1697:
1678:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1635:Marcus Merriman
1619:Nicholas Wotton
1615:
1588:Nicholas Poyntz
1584:
1504:Stevenson House
1450:, Kirkland Hill
1421:Oliver Sinclair
1414:Blanerne Castle
1388:Newbattle Abbey
1328:
1308:Robert Estienne
1257:St Albans Abbey
1253:Sir Richard Lee
1247:, removed from
1245:Dunkeld Lectern
1228:
1205:Andrew Mansioun
1187:sketch showing
1177:
1139:Nicholas Poyntz
1121:Duke of Norfolk
1062:
1022:Eustace Chapuys
950:Cardinal Beaton
926:
908:
896:Anthony Fulford
858:John Evangelist
780:
677:
625:Cardinal Beaton
531:
491:
486:
482:Broughty Castle
438:
433:
431:
401:
396:
382:Broughty Castle
297:Meung-sur-Loire
218:
213:
211:
209:
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160:12,000 infantry
159:
158:200 troop-ships
142:
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3047:55.950; -3.183
3022:
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3014:Water of Leith
3000:
2988:
2980:
2971:Haynes, Samuel
2968:
2959:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2921:Wodrow Society
2908:
2900:
2899:External links
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2668:Carion, John,
2661:
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2631:Pidgeon, H. C.
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1789:John Constable
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1704:Edward Clinton
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1682:Longleat House
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1410:Bonkyll Castle
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1365:
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1355:
1327:
1324:
1290:came from the
1265:Longleat House
1249:Holyrood Abbey
1227:
1224:
1176:
1173:
1160:Galley Subtile
1155:Richard Brooke
1117:William Howard
1093:Adam Otterburn
1061:
1058:
1054:King of France
1010:Shore of Leith
963:Werdy Chasteau
925:
922:
907:
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900:Barque Riveley
803:Viscount Lisle
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2882:
2881:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2763:Mary of Guise
2758:
2751:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2656:
2649:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2449:
2443:
2436:
2433:Joseph Bain,
2430:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:Joseph Bain,
2391:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2256:David Laing,
2253:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:Joseph Bain,
2178:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2109:
2106:Joseph Bain,
2103:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:Joseph Bain,
2048:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:Edward Warner
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:George Blount
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:Thomas Gerrat
1806:
1804:John Atherton
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:Hugh Calverly
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:John Luttrell
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:Markle Castle
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:Wester Craig,
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Billie Castle
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:Preston Tower
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Johann Carion
1333:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1281:Holyroodhouse
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:Dunbar Castle
1212:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1185:Richard Lee's
1181:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:the Canongate
1105:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Richard Lee's
1066:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Earl of Angus
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1001:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
955:Granton Crags
953:onto land at
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
921:
918:
914:
903:
901:
897:
893:
892:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Galley Subtle
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
833:light in the
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:main-top mast
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
789:
784:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
745:
743:
742:Moorish pikes
739:
736:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
717:
713:
710:
708:
704:
702:
698:
697:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:Regent Morton
657:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:Auld Alliance
626:
617:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:Lord Hertford
595:
590:
585:
583:
582:Earl of Angus
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:Prince Edward
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
535:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
436:
428:
423:
421:
416:
414:
409:
408:
405:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Flodden Field
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
262:Homildon Hill
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
221:
216:
206:
201:
199:
194:
192:
187:
186:
183:
174:
171:
170:
165:
157:
154:
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
136:Lord Hertford
134:
130:
126:
123:
122:
117:
114:
109:
104:
102:
97:
92:
91:
86:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
47:
46:
42:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3106:Rough Wooing
3023:
2983:
2975:
2963:
2954:
2945:
2937:
2928:
2915:
2891:
2884:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2847:W. A. Shaw,
2843:
2834:
2832:W. A. Shaw,
2828:
2818:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2711:
2706:
2698:
2693:
2685:
2682:Tudor Tracts
2681:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2655:
2647:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2578:
2573:
2561:
2558:Tudor Tracts
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:Tudor Tracts
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2461:Tudor Tracts
2460:
2455:
2447:
2442:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2347:Tudor Tracts
2346:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2232:Tudor Tracts
2231:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
1985:Peter Meutas
1936:
1907:
1903:Thomas Holt.
1776:Brian Layton
1765:Cholmondeley
1747:Ralph Bulmer
1737:George Bowes
1709:John Conyers
1679:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1639:
1627:Hector Boece
1616:
1602:, a part of
1545:Traprain Law
1530:Billie Tower
1487:Seton Palace
1483:, Butterden,
1470:Yester Fells
1419:A castle of
1348:
1339:
1332:Walter Lynne
1329:
1326:Burnt places
1302:
1296:
1285:
1272:
1269:Hector Boece
1236:
1232:
1229:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1184:
1169:Seton Palace
1165:
1158:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1102:
1083:
1069:
1045:Lord Maxwell
1034:
1014:Corstorphine
1004:
998:
995:
987:Peter Meutas
975:
962:
959:Regent Arran
929:
927:
909:
899:
895:
891:Peter of Foy
889:
885:
882:Great Galley
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
839:
818:
811:Ralph Sadler
796:
792:Anthony Roll
787:
786:The carrack
752:
678:
658:
622:
592:
587:
554:Regent Arran
540:
494:
492:
435:Rough Wooing
351:
125:Regent Arran
88:Belligerents
38:Rough Wooing
36:Part of the
25:
3045: /
1972:John Nevill
1968:John Massey
1810:Richard Lee
1608:Burntisland
1551:East Linton
1481:Duddingston
1395:Musselburgh
1378:Prestonpans
1277:John Thynne
1275:, taken by
1241:King's Wark
1198:Richard Lee
1078:Calton Hill
938:St Mynettes
924:The landing
769:wrote from
589:disloyalty.
457:Ancrum Moor
357:Ancrum Moor
347:Solway Moss
257:Nesbit Moor
252:Fulhope Law
3060:Categories
3018:Canonmills
2003:References
1943:Coldingham
1939:Butterdean
1827:Stonyhurst
1781:Piers Legh
1756:Vale Royal
1604:Pittenweem
1534:Auchencrow
1454:Hatherwick
1288:Speke Hall
1233:Salamander
1183:Detail of
1151:Inchgarvie
1089:Ambleteuse
1068:Detail of
1030:Linlithgow
934:Claude Nau
917:Royal Mile
898:, and the
876:, and the
874:Mary Grace
866:Sweepstake
767:Ralph Eure
763:Haddington
716:falconette
699:2 bastard
610:St Andrews
580:, and the
537:Henry VIII
472:Haddington
377:Haddington
372:Drumlanrig
342:Haddon Rig
51:7 May 1544
2919:, vol.1,
2865:Chronicle
1842:Ashbourne
1741:Streatlam
1690:Liverpool
1631:John Mair
1613:Aftermath
1596:St Monans
1525:, 17 May.
1499:Quickwood
1477:, Bowland
1460:Broughton
1425:Whitekirk
1374:), 12 May
1340:Cronicles
1113:Charles V
1098:Lord Home
1074:Canongate
1060:Edinburgh
991:hagbuters
946:John Knox
835:poop deck
819:Rose Lion
799:Tynemouth
790:from the
711:8 falcons
701:culverins
685:Gateshead
606:Inchkeith
548:with the
519:two ships
511:Edinburgh
477:Inchkeith
452:Edinburgh
392:Redeswire
367:Inchkeith
352:Edinburgh
337:Hornshole
312:Piperdean
302:Beaugency
267:Yeavering
242:Otterburn
61:Edinburgh
3006:Archived
2994:Archived
2615:Archived
1866:Allerton
1833:Staveley
1642:Stirling
1592:Kinghorn
1553:, 17 May
1547:, 17 May
1541:, 17 May
1519:, 17 May
1512:, 16 May
1489:, 16 May
1475:Crawnend
1412:, &
1393:Part of
1390:, 15 May
1384:, 12 May
1143:Kinghorn
1128:Holyrood
1018:Stirling
1005:Unicorn.
1003:and the
675:Supplies
669:Dalkeith
645:Arbroath
619:Hertford
529:The plan
322:Roxburgh
292:Herrings
282:Verneuil
172:over 400
150:Strength
79:defended
65:Scotland
56:Location
3030:55°57′N
2973:, ed.,
1952:Bramall
1875:Bashall
1860:Ordsall
1771:Poynton
1694:Retford
1646:bawbees
1579:?Reston
1539:Stenton
1517:Nunnery
1510:Tranent
1372:Figgate
1237:Unicorn
1226:Looting
1220:gabions
1209:Unicorn
1157:in the
906:Defence
850:Swallow
831:cresset
823:shrouds
817:of the
771:Alnwick
724:on each
722:'bases'
327:Berwick
287:Orléans
277:Cravant
237:Melrose
3033:3°11′W
1713:Hornby
1665:, 1544
1623:Speyer
1465:Belton
1440:Drylaw
1430:Dunbar
979:Huntly
846:Minion
842:Pauncy
825:. The
788:Pauncy
707:sakers
576:, the
501:. The
467:Pinkie
362:Pinkie
72:Result
3016:near
2593:HMC,
2132:HMC:
1941:near
1854:Hough
1840:, of
1815:Roxby
1798:, of
1783:, of
1754:, of
1711:, of
1532:near
1456:(sic)
983:Moray
942:Forth
748:bills
746:3000
735:gross
602:Leith
556:that
507:Leith
387:Leith
307:Patay
272:Baugé
2335:PSAS
1958:Toft
1785:Lyme
1629:and
1380:and
1235:and
1147:Fife
1043:and
1035:The
1016:and
981:and
740:480
683:and
641:Fife
509:and
493:The
317:Sark
247:1400
232:1385
227:Duns
48:Date
2579:SHR
1800:Lea
1739:of
1621:at
1404:, (
1338:'s
1271:'s
989:'s
3062::
2913:,
2867::
2633:,
1606:,
1598:,
1594:,
1590:;
1506:).
1408:,
1353:.
1263:.
1056:.
1039:,
1032:.
902:.
894:,
888:,
884:,
872:,
868:,
860:,
856:,
852:,
848:,
844:,
714:a
705:3
635:,
572:,
525:.
175:40
63:,
2823:.
1743:.
1496:)
1416:)
1080:.
426:e
419:t
412:v
204:e
197:t
190:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
