294:
419:
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60:
391:, as well as the residue of his goods and chattels after the payment of legacies to the poor and to his servants. By a codicil dated 19 October he bequeathed to one of his servants, William Deane, any proceeds in excess of £700 received from the sale of his lands in Holborn as well as his medical books and instruments. A silver bowl which had been given him by 'my Lord', went to another servant.
243:, and several modern sources state that she was cured by Kranich. The story runs that Kranich was summoned when the Queen first fell ill on 10 October. Kranich diagnosed smallpox, whereupon she 'dismissed him as a fool'. However, by 16 October she was so grievously ill that she lapsed into unconsciousness, giving rise to alarmed talk among her councillors of the succession.
259:(1602). Carew, writing after 1628, recalled a dinner at his father's home in 1601 or thereabouts at which his father and three other kinsmen of his recounted stories about Kranich, including his treatment of the Queen's smallpox. But Erickson notes that there are 'major discrepancies' between Carew's account, written decades after the fact, and the Spanish ambassador
247:, is said to have forced Kranich, 'some said at the point of a dagger', to resume his treatment of the Queen. Kranich ordered that she be given a potion he had devised, and be wrapped in red flannel and placed close to the fire. Within two hours the Queen is said to have regained consciousness. According to Foot, she rewarded Kranich with a grant which was stopped by
344:, were also brought in to assay the ore. Kranich and Schutz were soon at odds, with Schutz accusing Kranich, who was favoured by Martin Frobisher, of 'evil manners and ignorance'. Numerous documents survive showing Kranich's involvement in the assaying of the ore, including a letter of 26 November 1577 in which Kranich reported to
544:' as a source for the prescriptions in his first chapter, stating that they had given a manuscript containing the remedies to 'a great worthy Countess of this land'. According to Best, however, there is no evidence that either Kranich or Bomelius contributed to the manuscript upon which Markham relied for his prescriptions.
353:, and it was later alleged by Robert Denham, who had assisted Kranich with his tests, that Kranich had added gold and silver coins of his own to bring the projected value of the refined ore to £50 per ton. The story that Kranich allegedly doctored the assay tests is found in a deposition to the Privy Council by
251:; however other sources note that in 1562 he was given 100 marks. Doubt has been cast on this story, however. Bennell terms the tale that Hundson threatened Kranich with a dagger 'a later invention', and Brooks notes that the ultimate source of the story of Kranich's cure of the Queen is the memoirs of
79:
Kranich's surname is spelled variously in extant documents; contemporary spellings include Cranye, Cranach, Cranicke, Cranegh, Craneigh, Craneighe, Craunighe and
Kranyke. He is also referred to in some documents as 'Burchard', as though it were his surname, and later as 'Doctor Burcot'. He is said to
348:
on the amount of gold found in his tests. Amid growing doubts about the value of the ore, Kranich insisted that it contained a significant amount of gold, and asked for £200 and a daily wage of £1 to refine it. He also designed a furnace for smelting the ore. However the ore eventually turned out to
103:
on the continent. On 29 May 1554 he was given licence for twenty years to 'mine, break open ground, melt, divide (i.e. separate metals) and search for all manner of metals' in accordance with an indenture which he had entered into on 18 May of that year. The grant included a prohibition preventing
284:
On 22 June 1563 he was given license for twenty years to make engines 'for the draining of waters' according to a new design he had lately perfected. His licence was similar to an earlier grant to John Medley, but
Kranich was given additional powers involving drainage in old and abandoned mines.
165:
advanced a loan of £600 to finance the enterprise. Although considerable lead was produced, the anticipated production of copper and silver did not materialise. The lead was sent to
Treffry, who died in 1563, at which time it passed into the hands of his son, John, who refused to deliver it to
312:
from metals and minerals', cited a certain 'Brocardus' as one of a number of foreigners permitted to do so. According to
Campbell, 'Brocardus' is a Latinized form of the name 'Burchard', and Eden's petition is therefore evidence that Kranich was engaged in alchemy in England at the time.
364:
Although his reputation suffered, Kranich nonetheless appears to have survived the
Frobisher debacle relatively unscathed. However investors, including a number of prominent courtiers, lost £20,000, and the lawsuits which followed ruined Michael Lok.
197:, on the other hand, mentions the 'rubble of certain mines and remains of a fining house' which demonstrate Kranich's 'vain endeavour in seeking of silver ore' in Cornwall. After Kranich had left Cornwall, a 16-page memorandum was prepared by
485:, whom he termed 'none of the learnedest or expertest physicians in the court, but one that maketh as great account of himself as the best'. Harvey added: 'Doctor Burcot was in a manner such another; who so bold as blind Bayard?'.
828:
357:, one of the principal proponents of the Frobisher expeditions; in the deposition Lok claims that the evidence of Kranich's fraud was presented to Lord Burghley at his house in the Strand in the presence of Lok,
429:
Kranich is alluded to, both favourably and unfavourably, in published works by several
Elizabethan and Jacobean authors. He is satirised under the anagram 'Dr Tocrub' in the 1573 and 1578 editions of
99:, and is first heard of in the State Papers on 3 June 1553 ('The suit of Burghard touching the mines'). According to Wallis he was perhaps a Catholic attempting to avoid the vicissitudes of the
2040:
201:'relating to silver and lead mines in Cornwall and activities of Dr Burchard Kranich' in response to a request for information about the potential profitability of the mines from
529:
Notwithstanding, if you find yourself overcharged with melancholy, you may perhaps have here a fit medicine to purge that humour by conferring in this place with Doctor Burket.
224:. In London he practised medicine, and became known as 'Dr Burcot'. His abilities as a physician were well thought of by some, including John Somers, who wrote from court to
209:. Among the matters covered in the memorandum were 'the many disputes and arguments Kranich had with his sponsors'. According to Wallis, Kranich's mining enterprises in the
406:
He married a wife named Agnes, about whom nothing further is known, by whom he had a daughter, Susan, who was buried at St
Clement Danes on 20 September 1578. According to
490:
462:
were bewitched and blinded in the matter, yet doubtless a wise man would have perchance espied her knavery. Methinks Saul was brought to this witch (i.e. the
263:
dispatches at the time; she concludes that while it is possible that Burcot treated the Queen for smallpox, Carew's narrative cannot be accepted as accurate.
1973:
1837:
1448:
1421:
975:
Campbell, James Stuart, 'The
Alchemical Patronage of Sir William Cecil, Lord Burghley', PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2009, p. 124
1283:
According to Foot, Kranich was both a fortune teller and a healer, these powers being linked to his having a familiar, and is said to have cured
1705:
1689:
974:
236:, and that although some physicians had despaired of her, 'Burcot, the Dutchman, at a pinch is like to do some good if he may be suffered'.
627:, (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1909), Vol. 3, Chapter 53: Hulme, Edward Wyndham, 'The Early History of the English Patent System 1'
131:
to
Milford via the Chevin. Depositions taken in 1582 state that he left Derbyshire in 1554, having heard of better mining opportunities in
2037:
498:
featured Dr Burcot ('though a stranger, yet in
England for physic famous') as one of the five apparitions who appear to him in his dream.
2050:
1732:
Hogarth, Donald D.; Loop, John (1986). "Precious Metals in Martin Frobisher's "Black Ores" from Frobisher Bay, Northwest Territories".
229:
161:. In 1557 John Trelawny, John Tredeneck and Thomas Treffry were directed to take charge of the mines Kranich had discovered, and the
1119:
Drawing of two furnaces, inscribed by Lord Burghley respectively 'Old Order' and 'Burchardes Furnise', MPF 1/304, National Archives
934:
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suit for recovery of the lead is not known. At some point Kranich is said to have been arrested for debt, and imprisoned in the
2161:
267:
1512:
1484:
816:
726:
928:
Elizabeth Plantagenet (c.1521–1569), A Who’s Who of Tudor Women: P, compiled by Kathy Lynn Emerson to update and correct
266:
John Nettleton also recorded that Kranich was sent by the Queen to treat Elizabeth Plantagenet (d.1569), the daughter of
2009:
1818:
1671:
1601:
248:
178:
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Carnsew and Tredeneck, who had taken over the mines and were responsible for repayment of the loan. The outcome of a
2141:
193:. However Lewis also allows for the possibility that these innovations should be credited to Daniel Hoechstetter.
506:
375:
Kranich made his will on 7 October 1578. The chief beneficiary was his wife, Agnes, who was to have his house in
39:. He later practised as a physician in London, where he enjoyed a mixed reputation, and is said to have attended
127:, where the Godbehere lead vein runs below Black Rocks and Barrel Edge, close to the Roman road which runs from
1288:
252:
244:
23:) was a mining engineer and physician who came to England from Germany. He was involved in mining ventures in
2057:
Will of Doctor Burchard Kranich, Doctor of Physic, proved 21 November 1578, PROB 11/60/578, National Archives
667:
Ford TD. (2005) Gang Vein and Gang Fault, Wirksworth, Derbyshire, Mercian Geologist, 2005, 16 (2) pp 128–132.
2032:
1748:
Returns of Aliens Dwelling in the City and Suburbs of London from the Reign of Henry VIII to that of James I
1714:
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442:
1934:
1872:
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1380:
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2146:
2080:
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1787:
1550:
1118:
2056:
1894:
514:
Memorandum, I frame my whole book in the nature of a dialogue, much like Bullen and his Doctor Tocrub.
1568:
407:
341:
305:
194:
64:
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on 22 October 1578. On 21 November 1578 probate was granted to his sole executrix, his widow Agnes.
80:
have been born in southern Germany, and according to Bennell his surname suggests that he came from
1591:
157:
to a smelting house for silver-bearing ore. To finance the enterprise he was granted a loan by the
1746:
123:, the first of its kind, to extract lead from ore obtained at Burrel Edge, that is Barrel Edge at
1767:
Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reigns of Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth, 1547–1580
817:
Edgecombe, Peter (c.1536–1608), of Mount Edgcumbe and Cotehele, Cornwall, History of Parliament
388:
383:, and, after payment of his just debts, the proceeds of the sale of his lands and tenements in
308:, in the course of requesting licence from the Queen to 'compound the admirable medicaments of
221:
167:
100:
40:
1999:
1953:
1808:
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1502:
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260:
2151:
225:
1913:
1192:
688:
470:, whereby he thought to have wrought miracles, or rather to have gained good store of money.
47:. He is alluded to in several literary works published during the reigns of Elizabeth I and
2156:
332:. Between 1 November 1577 and 6 March 1578 another German metallurgist working in England,
177:
During his years in Cornwall, Lewis credits Kranich with introducing useful innovations at
146:
116:
68:
466:) much after the manner that Doctor Burcot was brought to Feats, who sold Master Doctor a
293:
31:, and in assaying the black ore, thought to be gold-bearing, brought back to England from
8:
2086:
1771:
1064:
840:
755:
Between 1556 and 1583 at least 2,000 ounces of silver were smelted, with ore coming from
2063:
Burchard Cranicke, physician, v John Eyleworthe and others, C 3/44/95, National Archives
927:
1890:
1699:
1529:
1400:
727:
Carnsew, William (by 1497–1570), of Bokelly in St. Kew, Cornwall, History of Parliament
704:
380:
358:
345:
337:
333:
274:
2005:
1814:
1667:
1618:
Donald, M.B. (1950). "Burchard Kranich (c. 1515–1578), Miner and Queen's Physician".
1597:
1508:
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329:
162:
158:
96:
1978:
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321:
297:
36:
1990:
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938:
776:
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467:
451:
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198:
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829:
Memorandum on silver and lead mines in Cornwall ME/2508, Cornwall Record Office
622:
518:
474:
463:
361:, and all the Commissioners involved in supervising the Frobisher expeditions.
202:
48:
1982:
1652:
1631:
477:
was also critical of Kranich. In a marginal note in his copy of Georg Meier's
413:
2130:
2033:
The Canadian Museum of Civilization – The Nunavut Voyages of Martin Frobisher
1284:
772:
495:
447:
317:
89:
32:
316:
In 1577 Kranich was involved in assaying the tons of black ore brought from
764:
501:
210:
418:
354:
350:
143:
1918:
Early English Poetry, Ballads, and Popular Literature of the Middle Ages
1789:
The Stannaries: A Study of the Medieval Tin Miners of Cornwall and Devon
1955:
Calendar of State Papers Foreign Series of the Reign of Elizabeth, 1562
768:
756:
309:
217:
182:
171:
128:
124:
115:
on the opposite bank to Milford, close to the current bridge, north of
24:
536:
considered Kranich an excellent physician, and in the 1631 edition of
153:, and at a cost of £300 converted a 14th-century flour mill at nearby
120:
112:
85:
72:
521:
referred to him in his epistle to the readers in the second part of
450:
disparagingly described Kranich's purchase, for monetary gain, of a
1504:
Revising the Conquest of Mexico: Smallpox, Sources, and Populations
1241:
278:
240:
233:
206:
186:
132:
44:
28:
2075:
Burchard Craunighe v. Thomas Mallett, C 3/43/99, National Archives
841:
Clerks of the Signet c.1539–1660, Institute of Historical Research
437:, although there is no Dr Tocrub in the original edition of 1564.
2069:
Burchard Cranicke v Thomas Hennige, C 3/46/121, National Archives
760:
384:
150:
108:
81:
2081:
William Aspenall v Burchard CraneigheC 3/1/29, National Archives
1040:
1195:
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan
369:
154:
59:
281:
in the treatment of burns from the furnaces used in smelting.
1323:
1321:
1219:
1217:
1141:
1016:
136:
104:
others from making use of his methods for a six-year period.
1265:
1174:
1088:
336:, performed three 'great proofes' of the ore. Kranich and a
185:
and improved methods of dressing ore, as well as the use of
1639:
Donald, M.B. (1951). "A Further Note on Burchard Kranich".
1419:
Baldwin, R.C.D. (2004). "Schütz, Christopher (1521–1592)".
1306:
930:
Wives and Daughters: The Women of Sixteenth-Century England
459:
414:
Allusions to Kranich in Elizabethan and Jacobean literature
190:
1971:
Wallis, Patrick (2004). "Bullein, William (c.1515–1576)".
1864:
The Third Voyage of Martin Frobisher to Baffin Island 1578
1835:
McDermott, James (2004). "Lok, Michael (c.1532–1620x22)".
1691:
A History of St. Veep Church & Parish Including Lerryn
1552:
A Dialogue Against the Fever Pestilence by William Bullein
1507:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. pp. 107–36.
1345:
1318:
1294:
1214:
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1028:
1100:
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1253:
846:
1229:
992:
909:
651:
649:
647:
632:
1920:. Vol. V. London: Percy Society. pp. 9, 20–9
1716:
An Anthology of Elizabethan Dedications & Prefaces
1004:
875:
873:
623:
Committee of the Association of American Law Schools,
580:
578:
576:
481:(1570), he compared Kranich to the Queen's physician,
368:
In 1578 he is said to have been included in a list of
1501:
Brooks, Francis J. (2001). Rotberg, Robert I. (ed.).
1446:
Bennell, John (2004). "Kranich, Burchard (d. 1578)".
1333:
1202:
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897:
858:
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also alluded to Kranich in the dedicatory epistle of
2101:
1076:
798:
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603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
1357:
944:
885:
870:
786:
739:
737:
735:
410:, his daughter's death hastened Kranich's own end.
213:were ultimately a failure, and he moved to London.
1593:Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent
1399:
553:
670:
590:
174:in London, perhaps in connection with this loan.
2128:
1719:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
732:
189:as fuel for smelting instead of the traditional
1896:The Discoverie of Witchcraft, by Reginald Scot
1132:"The National Archives SP 12/130/17, ff. 34-6"
1073:, p. 119, 123, 126–8, 130, 139–40, 145–7.
422:Contemporary depiction of a witch feeding her
2089:Countrey Contentments, or The English Huswife
1877:. Stratford upon Avon: Shakespeare Head Press
625:Select Essays in Anglo-American Legal History
1977:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1841:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1745:Kirk, R.E.G.; Kirk, Ernest F., eds. (1908).
1549:Bullen, Mark W.; Bullen, A.H., eds. (1888).
1548:
1479:. Toronto: McGill-Queen's University Press.
1452:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1425:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1327:
1247:
239:In October 1562 the Queen was stricken with
1870:
1731:
1300:
1271:
1223:
1034:
1932:
1704:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1180:
1106:
1094:
1070:
722:
720:
454:from a juggler and conjurer called Feats:
273:Kranich is said to have collaborated with
1951:
1889:
1861:
1834:
1813:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1770:. London: Longman, Brown, Green. p.
1751:. Vol. X. Aberdeen: Huguenot Society
1259:
1208:
1168:
1147:
1046:
1010:
998:
852:
1911:
1744:
1659:
1476:The English Housewife by Gervase Markham
1397:
1382:The First Three English Books on America
1312:
1235:
968:
962:
915:
693:: volume 3: Cornwall (1814), pp. 317–329
417:
292:
58:
1974:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1838:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1449:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1445:
1422:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1418:
1406:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
1402:Four Hundred Years of English Education
1197:, Volume 2: 1513–1616 (1864), pp. 27–30
950:
717:
618:
616:
584:
435:A Dialogue Against the Fever Pestilence
95:He came to England during the reign of
2129:
1970:
1939:. Vol. II. London: Argonaut Press
1914:"Kind-Heart's Dream, by Henry Chettle"
1806:
1712:
1638:
1617:
1589:
1500:
1339:
903:
864:
676:
655:
638:
607:
540:specifically mentioned 'Dr Burket and
300:, who is said to have favoured Kranich
268:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
75:for his lead mining operations in 1554
1936:The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher
1785:
1763:
1567:
1378:
1082:
1058:
1022:
986:
804:
792:
401:
1997:
1687:
1555:. London: Early English Text Society
1472:
1363:
1351:
891:
879:
780:
743:
613:
479:In Iudaeorum Medicastrorum Calumnias
216:On 14 June 1561 Kranich was granted
13:
2097:
111:in Derbyshire, where he erected a
14:
2178:
2026:
1912:Rimbault, Edward F., ed. (1841).
340:metallurgist working in England,
147:priory of St Cyric and St Juliett
142:In Cornwall he rented the former
2123:, History Today, v (1955) 542–4.
2104:
1385:. Birmingham: Birmingham :
1952:Stevenson, Joseph, ed. (1867).
1933:Stefansson, Vilhjalmur (1938).
1666:. New York: St Martin's Press.
1277:
1186:
1153:
1124:
1112:
921:
834:
822:
810:
749:
507:Have With You To Saffron Walden
54:
2167:People from Kronach (district)
2137:16th-century German physicians
2004:. New York: Ballantine Books.
1862:McDermott, James, ed. (2001).
1786:Lewis, George Randall (1908).
1577:(New ed.). London: B. Law
1473:Best, Michael R., ed. (1986).
1289:Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon
1193:'East Indies: December 1577',
698:
689:'Parishes: St Veep – Zennor',
682:
661:
288:
245:Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon
19:(c. 1515–1578) (also known as
1:
2162:16th-century German engineers
2121:Queen Elizabeth and Dr Burcot
1372:
2038:Smerwick Harbour’s Black Ore
1991:UK public library membership
1855:UK public library membership
1466:UK public library membership
1439:UK public library membership
443:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
7:
1874:Gabriel Harvey's Marginalia
1807:Linton, Stanton J. (2003).
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1379:Arber, Edward, ed. (1885).
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10:
2183:
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1866:. London: Hakluyt Society.
1660:Erickson, Carolly (1983).
1199:Retrieved 4 November 2013.
1121:Retrieved 6 November 2013.
941:Retrieved 6 November 2013.
843:Retrieved 7 November 2013.
831:Retrieved 7 November 2013.
819:Retrieved 7 November 2013.
729:Retrieved 7 November 2013.
714:Retrieved 7 November 2013.
695:Retrieved 7 November 2013.
181:tin works, among them the
71:, where Kranich erected a
2093:Retrieved 6 November 2013
2083:Retrieved 6 November 2013
2077:Retrieved 6 November 2013
2071:Retrieved 6 November 2013
2065:Retrieved 6 November 2013
2059:Retrieved 6 November 2013
2053:Retrieved 6 November 2013
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1398:Armytage, W.H.G. (1964).
629:Retrieved 7 November 2013
342:Giovanni Battista Agnello
277:in developing the use of
226:Sir Nicholas Throckmorton
1958:. London: Longmans Green
1688:Foot, Andrew H. (1992).
1328:Bullen & Bullen 1888
1248:Bullen & Bullen 1888
1025:, pp. 567–8, 570–1.
705:St Cadix – Penpoll Creek
547:
270:, in her final illness.
2142:German mining engineers
2043:6 February 2014 at the
2001:The Life of Elizabeth I
1250:, pp. 13, 29, 120.
1049:, pp. 8–9, 77, 79.
1035:Hogarth & Loop 1986
937:28 October 2013 at the
377:St Clement's churchyard
255:, son of the author of
232:was seriously ill with
228:on 29 August 1562 that
179:Sir Francis Godolphin's
107:He initially worked at
1899:. London: Elliot Stock
1847:10.1093/ref:odnb/16950
1713:Gebert, Clara (1933).
1590:Cooper, Brian (1983).
1574:the Survey of Cornwall
1458:10.1093/ref:odnb/52152
1431:10.1093/ref:odnb/75999
1354:, pp. xxx, 232–3.
531:
516:
472:
426:
389:St Giles in the Fields
346:Sir Francis Walsingham
322:Sir Martin Frobisher's
301:
257:The Survey of Cornwall
101:Protestant Reformation
76:
2091:, LSE Digital Library
1998:Weir, Alison (2008).
1983:10.1093/ref:odnb/3910
1734:Canadian Mineralogist
538:The English Housewife
527:
512:
456:
421:
296:
62:
1596:. London: Heinmann.
1236:Kirk & Kirk 1908
1150:, pp. 9, 79–81.
1061:, pp. 571, 585.
710:22 June 2013 at the
183:hydraulic stamp mill
43:when she contracted
1891:Nicholson, Brinsley
1663:The First Elizabeth
1315:, pp. 9, 20–8.
2147:Mining in Cornwall
2087:Markham, Gervase,
1810:The Alchemy Reader
1183:, pp. 111–13.
1097:, pp. 139–40.
759:mine and mines in
641:, pp. 308–22.
491:Kind-Heart's Dream
427:
402:Marriage and issue
381:Temple Bar, London
359:Sir Walter Mildmay
334:Christopher Schutz
302:
275:Christopher Schutz
77:
2119:Halliday, F. E.,
1989:(Subscription or
1853:(Subscription or
1641:Annals of Science
1620:Annals of Science
1514:978-0-262-18212-6
1486:978-0-7735-0582-7
1464:(Subscription or
1437:(Subscription or
1274:, pp. 270–1.
1171:, pp. 79–80.
1159:PRO SP 12/122/62.
408:William Fleetwood
394:He was buried at
387:in the parish of
330:Northwest Passage
328:in search of the
253:Sir Richard Carew
249:Sir William Cecil
230:'My Lady Marquis'
163:Duchy of Cornwall
159:Duchy of Cornwall
92:, a mining area.
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298:Martin Frobisher
37:Martin Frobisher
17:Burchard Kranich
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2098:Further reading
2045:Wayback Machine
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989:, p. xlvi.
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534:Gervase Markham
452:familiar spirit
431:William Bullein
416:
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326:Canadian Arctic
324:voyages to the
291:
279:calamine lotion
199:William Carnsew
57:
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2027:External links
2025:
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2010:
1995:
1968:
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1893:, ed. (1886).
1887:
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1513:
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1366:, p. lvi.
1356:
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1342:, p. 130.
1332:
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1305:
1303:, p. 158.
1293:
1276:
1264:
1262:, p. 116.
1260:Nicholson 1886
1252:
1240:
1238:, p. 416.
1228:
1226:, p. 274.
1213:
1209:McDermott 2004
1201:
1185:
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1169:McDermott 2001
1161:
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1148:McDermott 2001
1140:
1123:
1111:
1109:, p. 145.
1099:
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1085:, p. 567.
1075:
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1047:McDermott 2001
1039:
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1027:
1015:
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1003:
999:McDermott 2001
991:
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908:
906:, p. 124.
896:
894:, p. 232.
884:
882:, p. 134.
869:
867:, p. 223.
857:
855:, p. 269.
853:Stevenson 1867
845:
833:
821:
809:
807:, p. 130.
797:
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681:
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660:
658:, p. 107.
643:
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475:Gabriel Harvey
464:Witch of Endor
415:
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119:, and built a
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1001:, p. 72.
1000:
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963:Armytage 1964
959:
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349:be worthless
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90:Ore Mountains
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52:
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46:
42:
38:
34:
33:Baffin Island
30:
26:
22:
21:Doctor Burcot
18:
2152:1510s births
2120:
2088:
2015:. Retrieved
2000:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1954:
1941:. Retrieved
1935:
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1901:. Retrieved
1895:
1879:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1809:
1796:. Retrieved
1788:
1775:. Retrieved
1766:
1753:. Retrieved
1747:
1737:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1715:
1690:
1677:. Retrieved
1662:
1647:(1): 107–8.
1644:
1640:
1623:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1592:
1579:. Retrieved
1573:
1557:. Retrieved
1551:
1518:. Retrieved
1503:
1490:. Retrieved
1475:
1447:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1401:
1387:. Retrieved
1381:
1359:
1347:
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1308:
1296:
1279:
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1243:
1231:
1204:
1194:
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1155:
1143:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1013:, p. 8.
1006:
994:
982:
970:
965:, p. 9.
958:
951:Baldwin 2004
946:
929:
923:
911:
899:
887:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
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788:
751:
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690:
684:
672:
663:
634:
624:
585:Bennell 2004
537:
532:
528:
522:
517:
513:
505:
502:Thomas Nashe
500:
489:
487:
483:Doctor Lopez
478:
473:
457:
441:
439:
434:
428:
405:
393:
374:
367:
363:
315:
306:Richard Eden
303:
283:
272:
265:
256:
238:
215:
211:West Country
176:
141:
106:
94:
78:
55:Early career
20:
16:
15:
2157:1578 deaths
1694:. Boconnoc.
1389:13 November
1340:Gebert 1933
904:Brooks 2001
865:Linton 2003
677:Cooper 1983
656:Donald 1951
639:Donald 1950
608:Wallis 2004
542:Dr Bomelius
458:And though
355:Michael Lok
351:iron pyrite
289:Final years
261:De Quadra's
222:Elizabeth I
144:Benedictine
41:Elizabeth I
2131:Categories
2051:Tregardock
2017:6 November
1993:required.)
1962:6 November
1943:5 November
1924:5 November
1903:6 November
1881:7 November
1857:required.)
1826:7 November
1798:6 November
1777:2 November
1755:7 November
1723:6 November
1679:6 November
1609:5 November
1581:6 November
1559:6 November
1520:6 November
1492:5 November
1468:required.)
1441:required.)
1410:7 November
1373:References
1083:Lemon 1856
1059:Lemon 1856
1023:Lemon 1856
987:Arber 1885
805:Carew 1769
793:Lewis 1908
757:Tregardock
310:Paracelsus
218:denization
172:Marshalsea
129:Wirksworth
125:Wirksworth
25:Derbyshire
1740:: 259–63.
1700:cite book
1540:ignored (
1530:cite book
1364:Best 1986
1352:Best 1986
892:Best 1986
880:Weir 2008
781:Foot 1992
777:St Columb
769:Portysyke
765:St Delion
744:Foot 1992
424:familiars
121:smeltmill
113:watermill
88:near the
86:Franconia
84:in upper
73:watermill
2041:Archived
1571:(1769).
935:Archived
708:Archived
510:(1596):
468:familiar
446:(1584),
338:Venetian
304:In 1573
241:smallpox
234:jaundice
207:Cotehele
187:charcoal
168:Chancery
133:Cornwall
117:Duffield
69:Duffield
45:smallpox
29:Cornwall
761:Padstow
494:(1593)
385:Holborn
370:Papists
320:during
151:St Veep
109:Makeney
82:Kronach
65:Derwent
49:James I
2008:
1987:
1851:
1817:
1670:
1600:
1511:
1483:
1462:
1435:
932:(1984)
155:Lerryn
97:Mary I
1793:(PDF)
1135:(PDF)
773:Peran
548:Notes
379:near
149:near
137:Devon
67:near
2019:2013
2006:ISBN
1964:2013
1945:2013
1926:2013
1905:2013
1883:2013
1828:2013
1815:ISBN
1800:2013
1779:2013
1757:2013
1725:2013
1706:link
1681:2013
1668:ISBN
1611:2013
1598:ISBN
1583:2013
1561:2013
1542:help
1522:2013
1509:ISBN
1494:2013
1481:ISBN
1412:2013
1391:2013
1287:and
775:and
460:Saul
191:peat
135:and
63:The
27:and
1979:doi
1843:doi
1772:567
1649:doi
1645:vii
1628:doi
1454:doi
1427:doi
488:In
440:In
433:'s
220:by
205:of
35:by
2133::
1916:.
1738:24
1736:.
1702:}}
1698:{{
1643:.
1624:vi
1622:.
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1532:}}
1528:{{
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1216:^
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767:,
763:,
734:^
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646:^
615:^
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555:^
525::
372:.
139:.
51:.
2021:.
1985:.
1981::
1966:.
1947:.
1928:.
1907:.
1885:.
1849:.
1845::
1830:.
1802:.
1781:.
1759:.
1727:.
1708:)
1683:.
1655:.
1651::
1634:.
1630::
1613:.
1585:.
1563:.
1544:)
1524:.
1496:.
1460:.
1456::
1433:.
1429::
1414:.
1393:.
1291:.
1211:.
1137:.
953:.
783:.
746:.
679:.
610:.
587:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
