217:
122:
153:
39:
47:
507:
27:
562:
540:, regardless of its overall architectural style. As in Brooklyn, there is a "Greystone Belt" in Chicago, with large numbers of such structures located in the south and northwest quadrants of the city. It is estimated that around 30,000 of Chicago's greystones built between 1890 and 1930 are still standing.
576:
carvers in southern New
England, and Mid Atlantic region during the Colonial era. Table-type memorials in particular were often carved out of brownstone as well as regular headstones. Especially valued for being easy to carve, those same characteristics often resulted in stones being less durable
589:
though it continued to be used for obelisks and other grave monuments until much later. Brownstone used for headstones was usually quarried from the
Connecticut River Valley and New Jersey, and many grave carvers especially in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey carved from it.
139:
is extremely popular along the East Coast of the United States, with numerous government buildings throughout West
Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, and Delaware being faced entirely with the stone, which comes from the Hummelstown Quarry in
552:
because it can be cut freely in any direction, was used by early
Pennsylvanian Quakers to construct stone mills and mill houses. In central Pennsylvania, some 1700s-era structures survive, including a residence known as the Quaker Mill House.
144:, a small town outside of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The Hummelstown Quarry is the largest provider of brownstone on the east coast. Typically, the stone was transported out of Hummelstown through the Brownstone and Middletown Railroad.
413:, a steep staircase rising from the street to the entrance on what amounts to almost the second-floor level. This design was seen as hygienic at the time many were built, because the streets were so foul with animal waste.
416:
It has become fashionable to use the term "brownstone" to refer to almost any townhouse from a certain period, even though they may not have been built of brownstone. For example, many townhouses in
424:
which resembles stone. There are also many brick townhouses that have brownstone-built stoops throughout the outer boroughs. Such neighborhoods that consist of these homes are
585:
graves of the same time period. Brownstone began losing popularity among carvers during the first few decades of the 1800s owing to the rising popularity of
409:. New York City brownstones can cost several million dollars to purchase. A typical architectural detail of brownstones in and around New York City is the
781:
835:
665:
948:
1049:
598:
Brownstone was deemed "not really much good as a building material" by
Vincent Scully, professor emeritus of the history of art at
758:
402:
102:
525:
brownstone homes – considered some of the best-preserved examples of 19th-century urban design in the United States.
760:
Hummelstown
Brownstone: A study of the Hummelstown brownstone industry and its contribution to the American building arts
974:
1064:
528:
Although some brownstones exist in
Chicago, a similar residential form known as "greystones" is far more prevalent. A
1079:
716:
503:
also include examples of brownstone architecture. Many of these homes have been converted into apartment buildings.
1054:
1001:
634:
267:
358:
169:
160:
110:
20:
827:
307:
172:, also known as Connecticut River Brownstone, is also very popular. The stone from quarries located in
216:
109:
was in great demand, with brownstone from
Basswood Island being used in the construction of the first
1059:
343:
291:
225:
141:
126:
680:
629:
529:
606:, but these qualities also made houses clad in it susceptible to weathering and damage over time.
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496:
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311:
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952:
522:
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331:
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136:
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105:, which operated from 1868 into the 1890s. The brownstone from this and other quarries in the
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441:
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323:
295:
287:
197:
173:
445:
437:
410:
339:
156:
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8:
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639:
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492:
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335:
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221:
902:
712:
533:
485:
477:
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453:
382:
299:
232:
69:
892:
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565:
Example of
Portland Brownstone used on colonial tombstones and tabletop markers in
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511:
469:
378:
315:
201:
38:
1005:
805:
624:
599:
481:
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366:
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106:
90:
873:"The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled moves east on 42nd Street 1912-1925"
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46:
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and prone to heavy erosion and wear over time, especially when compared to
500:
390:
239:
once supplied most of the brownstone used in New York City and New Jersey.
189:
417:
406:
374:
283:
26:
1033:
739:
275:
236:
949:"What is a Greystone? | Neighborhood Housing Services of Chicago"
72:. The term is also used in the United States and Canada to refer to a
644:
573:
350:
251:
205:
94:
73:
65:
176:
and nearby localities was used in a number of landmark buildings in
602:. Brownstone was popular because it is unusually easy to carve and
561:
271:
247:
62:
58:
385:
also host many brownstones. Brownstones also predominate in some
177:
603:
586:
582:
537:
370:
181:
98:
31:
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255:
163:
828:"Meeting Across the River: Hoboken, NJ – Forgotten New York"
1012:
420:
in
Brooklyn are built of brick, but have concrete masonry
76:
clad in this or any other aesthetically similar material.
922:"How Boston is rethinking its relationship with the sea"
377:. In Queens and The Bronx, the historic districts of
224:
was constructed from ashlar brownstone quarried near
618:, noted for building façades made of stone from the
1020:After Fight, a Brooklyn Brownstone's Costly Rescue
858:"VAN VORST PARK, Jersey City – Forgotten New York"
711:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 205.
261:
16:Type of sandstone, or U.S. townhouse built thereof
532:is a type of residential structure that utilizes
1041:
740:"NPS.gov: Stone Quarries of the Apostle Islands"
543:
266:There are many brownstones throughout numerous
704:
84:
326:. Smaller concentrations exist in parts of
1004:on the Brownstone quarries of Wisconsin's
556:
349:Brownstones are also scattered throughout
896:
705:Garrison, Ervan G.; Herz, Norman (1998).
242:
116:
1015:from Germany being imported into the US.
975:"Brownstone (the Real Thing) Comes Back"
560:
505:
215:
211:
151:
120:
45:
37:
25:
673:New Jersey Geological Survey Newsletter
663:
1042:
972:
870:
147:
42:Brownstones during a winter snow storm
919:
825:
756:
361:, with notable concentrations in the
1032:Website devoted to the colonial-era
750:
838:from the original on March 14, 2018
13:
708:Geological methods for archaeology
389:neighborhoods directly across the
14:
1096:
995:
920:Jolly, Joanna (27 October 2014).
1050:Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia
951:. Nhschicago.org. Archived from
68:that was historically a popular
966:
941:
913:
262:Use in urban private residences
973:Rozhon, Tracie (4 July 2000).
864:
850:
819:
798:
774:
732:
698:
657:
635:Hummelstown Brownstone Company
393:from Manhattan, especially in
220:Old Queens (built 1809–23) at
103:Bass Island Brownstone Company
1:
871:Levine, DB (September 2007).
650:
544:Use in colonial country homes
254:is commonly used in Southern
50:Biking in Brownstone Brooklyn
7:
826:Walsh, Kevin (2003-09-20).
609:
111:Milwaukee County Courthouse
21:Brownstone (disambiguation)
10:
1101:
786:academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu
593:
548:Brownstone, also known as
18:
1065:19th-century architecture
1013:Weser brownstone quarries
889:10.1007/s11420-007-9051-6
808:. State.nj.us. 2007-09-06
664:Muessig, Karl W. (2007).
572:Brownstone was prized by
344:Prospect Lefferts Gardens
142:Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
127:Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
85:Apostle Island brownstone
1080:Culture of New York City
806:"NJDEP-SEEDS-State Rock"
510:Brownstones in Boston's
79:
1055:Fairmount, Philadelphia
1011:Website devoted to the
666:"Unearthing New Jersey"
557:Use in tombstone making
757:Olena, Ben F. (2003).
679:(1): 1. Archived from
569:
515:
243:South Wales brownstone
228:
166:
137:Hummelstown brownstone
133:
131:Hummelstown brownstone
117:Hummelstown brownstone
51:
43:
35:
782:"Portland Brownstone"
567:Hartford, Connecticut
564:
509:
219:
212:New Jersey brownstone
174:Portland, Connecticut
155:
124:
89:In the 19th century,
49:
41:
29:
270:, especially in the
19:For other uses, see
686:on 13 December 2014
521:, is known for its
170:Portland brownstone
161:Portland Brownstone
148:Portland brownstone
129:are constructed of
1025:The New York Times
979:The New York Times
640:Railroad apartment
570:
516:
493:Rittenhouse Square
359:Washington Heights
320:Bedford Stuyvesant
231:Quarries from the
229:
222:Rutgers University
167:
134:
125:Many buildings in
97:was the site of a
52:
44:
36:
1034:Quaker Mill House
534:Indiana limestone
499:neighborhoods of
274:neighborhoods of
268:NYC neighborhoods
233:Passaic Formation
226:New Brunswick, NJ
157:St. Paul's Chapel
70:building material
1092:
1060:Back Bay, Boston
1036:in Pennsylvania.
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832:forgotten-ny.com
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616:Besançon, France
519:Back Bay, Boston
379:Long Island City
316:Brooklyn Heights
308:Prospect Heights
202:Washington, D.C.
1100:
1099:
1095:
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1029:March 31, 2010.
1006:Apostle Islands
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860:. 15 July 2013.
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625:Dimension stone
620:Chailluz Quarry
612:
600:Yale University
596:
559:
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480:in Queens, and
367:Upper East Side
363:Upper West Side
355:Lower East Side
304:Windsor Terrace
292:Carroll Gardens
264:
245:
214:
150:
119:
107:Apostle Islands
91:Basswood Island
87:
82:
34:, New York City
30:Brownstones in
24:
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12:
11:
5:
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1087:
1085:Building stone
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1077:
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996:External links
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488:in the Bronx.
399:Van Vorst Park
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113:in the 1860s.
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464:in Brooklyn,
463:
462:Cypress Hills
459:
458:East New York
455:
451:
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439:
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431:
430:Dyker Heights
427:
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1075:House styles
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982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
957:. Retrieved
953:the original
943:
931:. Retrieved
927:BBC Magazine
925:
915:
883:(2): 131–6.
880:
876:
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840:. Retrieved
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810:. Retrieved
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789:. Retrieved
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722:. Retrieved
707:
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688:. Retrieved
681:the original
676:
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659:
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571:
547:
527:
517:
514:neighborhood
501:Philadelphia
490:
426:Borough Park
415:
391:Hudson River
348:
332:Williamsburg
280:Clinton Hill
265:
246:
235:in northern
230:
190:Philadelphia
168:
135:
88:
54:
53:
1002:NPS Article
724:12 December
690:12 December
442:Sunset Park
434:Bensonhurst
418:Boerum Hill
407:Jersey City
397:and around
375:East Harlem
324:Sunset Park
296:Boerum Hill
288:Cobble Hill
284:Fort Greene
101:run by the
57:is a brown
1044:Categories
984:2018-10-18
959:2013-02-16
842:October 7,
812:2012-05-04
791:2021-07-21
766:6 February
651:References
486:Morrisania
446:Kensington
438:Bath Beach
383:Mott Haven
340:Greenpoint
276:Park Slope
237:New Jersey
55:Brownstone
1070:Sandstone
645:Sandstone
630:Greystone
574:tombstone
550:freestone
530:greystone
523:Victorian
497:Fairmount
478:Woodhaven
466:Ridgewood
353:from the
351:Manhattan
328:Bay Ridge
252:sandstone
206:Baltimore
194:New Haven
159:features
95:Wisconsin
74:townhouse
66:sandstone
907:18751783
836:Archived
610:See also
536:for its
512:Back Bay
482:Longwood
470:Glendale
450:Flatbush
422:cladding
336:Bushwick
272:Brooklyn
248:Devonian
198:Hartford
63:Jurassic
59:Triassic
933:2 March
898:2504267
744:nps.gov
594:Quality
474:Astoria
454:Midwood
395:Hoboken
300:Gowanus
178:Chicago
905:
895:
715:
604:quarry
587:marble
583:schist
538:facade
371:Harlem
342:, and
322:, and
204:, and
182:Boston
164:quoins
99:quarry
32:Harlem
877:HSS J
684:(PDF)
669:(PDF)
579:slate
411:stoop
256:Wales
250:aged
80:Types
935:2015
903:PMID
844:2016
768:2022
726:2014
713:ISBN
692:2014
495:and
491:The
484:and
401:and
381:and
373:and
893:PMC
885:doi
581:or
405:in
357:to
1046::
1022:"
977:.
924:.
901:.
891:.
879:.
875:.
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830:.
784:.
742:.
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671:.
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346:.
338:,
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318:,
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258:.
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93:,
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1018:"
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887::
881:3
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677:3
61:–
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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