Brooks–Baxter War

920:. According to Arkansas law, the results were to be certified and given to the secretary of state, then Robert J. T. White. After that, the governor and secretary of state would "take up and arrange" the results and the governor would issue a proclamation declaring the winner and deliver the seal of the state to him. Boles won the election but Clayton instead certified Edwards as the winner following the actions of the State Supreme Court and a legislature investigation concerning the outcome of the General Assembly elections in Pulaski County. Polls in Pulaski County were taken over by Brindle-tails and stopped legally appointed Minstrel judges from arriving at the polls to do their duty. Judges for the polls of the First and Third Wards and Eagle Township held separate voting boxes nearby. The clerk certified all usurped boxes and refused to certify the votes that were conducted by the legally appointed judges. The defeated candidates sued, and the State Supreme Court forced the clerk to certify the votes. As a result, the Brindle-tail delegates of Pulaski County were expelled from the state house. A legislature committee headed by S. W. Mallory recommended that the elections of certain townships in Pulaski County be declared void. The senate followed and expelled Joseph Brooks and seated his opponent. Clayton, convinced of fraud, declared Edwards as the winner of the election despite the Secretary of State already certifying Boles’ victory of 10,314 Boles to 8,210 Edwards. Clayton was then indicted by the federal circuit court of violating the first enforcement act. It was found that his actions were not illegal, he was in no way binding to the Congress and under federal law of the time, state governors were not considered election officials. Boles became a congressman. 845:

enfranchising freedmen and advocating for their civil rights. This alienated many white Republicans, who saw these policies as a threat to their traditional power structure and social dominance. Many white Republicans, particularly in rural areas, held racist views and resented the advancements made by freedmen. They opposed Clayton's Reconstruction policies and felt the party was straying from its original focus on economic revival and states' rights. Personal rivalries and disagreements over political strategies further fueled the division. Some Republicans prioritized economic recovery and believed cooperation with Democrats (who held economic power) was necessary. Others, saw Democrats as obstructionist and favored more radical measures to address economic disparities and empower freedmen. National Republican policies, particularly President Grant's perceived leniency towards the South, further fueled discontent among Arkansas Republicans. Some felt the national party was abandoning its commitment to Reconstruction and racial equality. The Democratic party actively exploited the divisions within the Republican party, portraying the Scalawags as traitors to white southerners and the Carpetbaggers as dangerous radicals. These factors converged to create a deep rift within the Republican party, and irreconcilably divided the party into factions.

1274:. Union forces captured the fort in 1863 but left the cannon behind. It was then brought to Little Rock by Confederates and placed on Hanger Hill overlooking the river to ward off any ships coming upstream, but in this position at least it was never fired. Little Rock was captured in September 1863. Confederates tried to burst the cannon and then, failing that, drove a nail into the touch hole and abandoned it on the shore. It sat there half embedded in the ground until 1874. The Baxter men pulled the cannon out of the soil, repaired it, rechristened it the "Lady Baxter", and made it ready to fire. It was placed in the rear of the Odd Fellows hall, now the Metropolitan Hotel, on the corner of Main and Markham streets to hit any boats bringing supplies for Brooks up the river. The cannon, however, was only fired once, a celebratory blast, when Baxter finally returned to the governor's seat. The war's final casualty was the result of the cannon firing, as the operator was badly injured. It has since been in its current place on brick pedestals in front of the then-state capitol, only briefly threatened by World War II scrap drives. 1166:. Another was a bill that called a constitutional convention to frame a new state constitution; Clayton believed that a new constitution was necessary to secure the rights of the freedmen and the loyal Unionists. Clayton was now publicly accusing Baxter of fraud. Besides the corruption in the 1872 election, Clayton claimed Baxter had issued fraudulent election credentials to several members of the legislature who were not legally elected, although who these members were and what the situation was is not clear. He also alleged that Baxter had used bribery and intimidation to secure his own election as governor. Clayton declared that Baxter was not the lawful governor of Arkansas, but an usurper who had betrayed the Republican party and the loyal people of the state. Clayton issued a statement saying that "Brooks was fairly elected in 1872; and kept out of office by fraud." Governor Baxter was now being supported by the Brindle-tails, re-enfranchisers, and the Democrats; whereas Brooks was finding support among the Claytonists, Northerners, Unionists, and Minstrels. 691:. A coalition of native white unionists, freedman, and carpetbagger Republicans prevailed on most critical proposals. The 1868 Constitution of Arkansas, adopted by the convention on February 11, 1868, marked a significant shift in the state's governance and societal structure. This constitution extended voting rights to emancipated adult male slaves, now referred to as freedmen, acknowledging their new status as citizens. The constitution also introduced a system of public education, accessible to all citizens regardless of race or color. Additionally, welfare institutions were established to support those in need, a provision that had been absent under the previous government. The 1868 Constitution expanded the powers of the governor, including the ability to appoint state officials. Furthermore, the constitution temporarily disenfranchised former Confederate Army officers and those who refused to pledge allegiance to the civil and political equality of all men. This measure was taken to ensure the loyalty of the state's citizens and officials to the new order. 1466:

action had passed. This determination stemmed from the committee's findings that, despite certain irregularities in the formulation and ratification of the state constitution of 1874, the constitution itself was in alignment with republican principles and had garnered the support of a majority of Arkansas's residents. This situation met the primary standards used by the federal government to assess the legitimacy of state governments, leading to the conclusion that there was no need for federal intervention. The report pointed out that Augustus Garland, who was elected under the 1874 constitution, legitimately occupied the governor's office, rendering any previous claims to the position by Brooks moot. Moreover, the committee acknowledged the lukewarm attitude towards full citizenship rights for African Americans within the state and region but opined that it was improbable that their rights would be actively contested by the white population, thus eliminating the necessity for federal action.

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opponents of negro suffrage and domination". Some party leaders opposed Reconstruction in favor of continued military rule, which was far from what they wanted, but seemed like a better option than allowing freedmen all the civil rights of white citizens, including the right to vote. The more conservative wings of the party simply showed no interest in the new constitution and remained loyal to the ideas embodied in the Confederacy. During the constitutional convention, Democrats convened their own party convention. Many chose to boycott elections on the grounds that the new constitution was illegal, because it disenfranchised them while giving suffrage to the freedmen, whom they insisted were an inferior race. They also alienated the freedmen who were now the largest block of voters in the state, by adopting resolutions against them: their first resolution of the convention was "Resolved, that we are in favor of a White Man's Government in a White Man's country."

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distance from the capital, found out he tried to head to the capital to take control and have Clayton arrested and impeached. He arrived too late. Subsequently, after Johnson made a speech demanding changes in the administration, the Minstrels started to target Johnson. On January 30, 1871, they introduced articles of impeachment in the General Assembly against him. The chief charge was that Johnson, acting as the President of the Senate, had administered the oath of office to Joseph Brooks, who had recently been elected as state senator, and then recognized him on the floor. Although this was legitimately within his powers as the lieutenant governor to do, he escaped impeachment by only two votes. The scrutiny of the proceedings seriously damaged his reputation, even though he had done nothing wrong, and his political career never recovered.

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House of Representatives drafted articles of impeachment against Clayton, charging him with a wide variety of impeachable actions, including depriving Johnson and several other state officials of offices to which they had been fairly elected, removing state officials and judges from offices to which they had been fairly elected, aiding in fraudulent elections, taking bribes for state railroad bonds, and various other high crimes and misdemeanors. The members of the House then tried to suspend Clayton from his duties as governor by force. They even apparently tried locking him in his office and nailing the door shut. However, Clayton responded that they had no right by the state constitution to deprive him of his office. At the same time, the House also brought impeachment charges against Chief Justice

1222:, three blocks away from the State Capitol, where he had supporters, and established a headquarters there. Powell Clayton refers to the Anthony House as "Democrat Headquarters" in his memoir. Baxter began immediately sending telegrams to President Grant and other officials asking them to intervene and uphold his legitimacy. He also issued a proclamation denouncing Brooks as an usurper and a traitor, and calling on the people of Arkansas to rally his supporters. Fighting did occur outside the hotel, and at least one man, David Fulton Shall, a prominent real estate dealer, was shot dead while standing in a window of the building. 1423:

armistice. At the same time, the Arkansas Supreme Court had finally decided to hear the Brooks case, and voted three to one in favor of Baxter's election, further solidifying the Grant proclamation and Baxter as governor. The bar of the Pulaski County Circuit court also met and issued a resolution that stated that Judge Wytock had acted independently, and his decision did not represent the court. The trial had been deliberately unfair for the defendant Baxter, and the Supreme Court had already ruled that, under the state constitution, the court had no jurisdiction. They rendered Judge Wytock's decision null and void.

702:, The commanding officer of the Fourth Military District which included Arkansas, noted in his report to Congress that more votes had been cast than there were registered voters. Furthermore, the county registrars were allowing people who claimed to be registered in other counties to vote, while also not keeping track of what county these people claimed to be registered in. Despite the obvious inconsistencies in the election, Congress was satisfied and Arkansas was readmitted to the union. This election would be a harbinger of the future voting irregularities that would eventually lead to the Brooks-Baxter conflict. 56: 1009:

Democrats, in fact Clayton would muse in his memoirs that besides himself Joseph Brooks was the most disliked person in the state of Arkansas. Nevertheless, When the Democrats met, they agreed not only to not run a candidate, but to support Joseph Brooks. It was reported at the time that the committee had sent a group of Democrats to meet with Brooks and he had pledged to them that if elected he would support free and fair elections and re-enfranchisement of Confederates. However, Powell Clayton would later accuse Brooks of a broader political deal with the friends of Ku Klux Klan members

711: 1138:, an ex-Confederate, as head of the state militia. U.S. Attorney General Williams contacted Baxter and suggested that he ask for federal troops for protection again. A letter from President Grant followed, offering protection. The Grant administration usually followed Powell Clayton's lead where Arkansas matters were concerned, so it can be concluded that the former governor was still supporting Baxter. The Republican Party of Arkansas, still controlled by the Minstrel faction, issued a statement denouncing Brooks' attempt to contest the election, which was published in the 1487: 789: 365: 1371:, where federal troops had to be sent to restore order. As Brooks and Baxter scrambled for support in Washington, D.C., Grant pushed for the dispute to be settled in Arkansas. Baxter demanded the General Assembly be called into session. He knew he had their support, but so did Brooks, so he and his men would not allow anyone to enter the capitol building. Brooks, on the other hand, had the support of the district court. He enlisted Little Rock's premiere lawyer, 9314: 3106: 3493: 471: 1017:, who were involved in the murder of Albert H. Parker and had become fugitives. The agreement entailed that the Democrats would not nominate a state ticket for the 1872 election and would instead support Brooks and his followers for state offices. In exchange for Democratic support, Brooks and his faction were to assist in acquitting the White County prisoners, who were associated with McRae and Frolich. This alliance was also aimed at supporting a 9290: 874:

bull" he had known as a child that scared all the other cattle. Brooks claimed that they were originally just called "Brindles" referring to the mixed races of his supporters, his initial power base had been the black community. The Claytonist, he said, added the "tail" part in their newspapers. The Brindle-tails' platform included a proposal for a new constitution that would re-enfranchise ex-Confederates, which appealed to Democrats and pre-war

481: 1183: 9302: 3503: 1021:. The deal included plans for the acquittal of McRae, Frolich, and other prisoners, involving manipulation of the judicial process, such as the election of a special judge sympathetic to their cause and the scattering of witnesses to prevent their testimony. Neither McRae or Frolich would ever be indicted and would end up serving as Secretary of State and Deputy Secretary of state of Arkansas respectively. 1246:-- pronounce the order and I will guarantee to you, sir, that in 25 minutes from the time the order is written, Joseph Brooks will either be in hell or the archives." When this commotion lead to a scuffle in the street that killed an innocent bystander, Baxter asked White to return with his militia to Pine Bluff. However, White became frustrated by inactivity, and on April 30 he commandeered the steamboat 672:" limiting the rights of former slaves, and violence against blacks was common. To redress the matter, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, dissolving rebel state governments and dividing the South into military districts. Rebel states could only be readmitted to the Union if they wrote and ratified new constitutions providing civil rights for freedmen, and accepting the 14th Amendment. 1363:. For several days, their whereabouts were unknown to the public and federal officials began a search for the Justices. Justice Bennett was able to send a letter to Captain Rose demanding to know why they were being held by the Governor of Arkansas. Upon receipt of the letter, troops were sent to Benton to retrieve the two Justices, but they had escaped by May 6 and made their way to Little Rock. 1158:

campaigning Baxter would sneak off at night to meet secretly with Democrats, and made them promises he had no authority to. He would go as far as to say of Baxter: "If we did not elect Judge Baxter, we were defeated; and if we did elect him, we were also defeated, which in the end proved true." Specifically, what Clayton was most displeased with was Baxter's veto's several bills. One to fund the

1234:. He received support from many prominent Democrats in the city, all of whom had initially voted for Brooks. He then issued a dispatch to President Grant explaining the situation, calling Brooks and his band "revolutionaries", and stating that he would do everything up to and including armed conflict to regain control of the state organs. He asked for the support of the Federal Government. 743:, whose administration was not recognized by the federal government, continued to act as executive of the state during this time. Both Clayton and Murphy managed to draw a paycheck as governor at the same time. When Clayton took office, he appointed most of the key Republican politicians to positions within the new state government; however, he failed to find a place for Joseph Brooks. 755:

seeking to exercise their new civil rights. Hinds and Brooks were ambushed by gunmen on the road in Monroe County, while traveling to a political event. Brooks was severely wounded and Hinds was killed. Hinds was the first sitting member of congress to ever be murdered, and his murder created national disgust for the ongoing political violence in the South. A coroner's

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the Baxter government. Baxter refused to let the Minstrels manipulate the election, declaring that free, honest elections would be held during his term. With the help of the newly re-enfranchised voters, conservative Democrats swept the election and gained a small majority in the legislature. Baxter was about to erode his Republican base out from under him.

1474:, a Brooks advocate, suggested that Brooks should be reinstated as governor by federal intervention. Ward's report, influenced by meetings predominantly with Brooks's supporters, contradicted the majority's conclusion, advocating that the 1868 Arkansas Constitution remained in effect, thereby legitimating Brooks's claim to the governorship. 731:, who controlled the distribution of ballots, admitted that they had given ballots to voters from other counties if they could show a valid registration certificate. Both sides claimed election fraud and voter intimidation: armed parties had been stationed on roads to keep voters away from the polls. General Gillem, commander of the 768:

equipped. With no uniforms and irregular weapons and mounts, the militia was often mistaken for wandering bands of plunderers, sparking a brief but long-remembered "Militia War", and causing terror throughout the state. This was similar to what was going on in North Carolina at the same time, now referred to as the

1117:, and was again denied. They also ruled that state courts had no jurisdiction in the matter, and dismissed the case. They gave a lengthy explanation as to why the General Assembly should decide contested gubernatorial elections in Joint Session, since they are the directly elected representatives of the people. 630:, consisting of several hundred black men. This led to several violent clashes between the factions. As the conflict continued, Black Arkansans increasingly supported Brooks over Baxter, and white Democrats rallied behind Baxter in an attempt to end Reconstruction in Arkansas. Ultimately, U.S. President 1082: 1477:

Shortly after the committee's findings were presented to the House, President Grant issued a special message endorsing Brooks as the rightful governor, critiquing the state constitution's reach during a period of constitutional redefinition. Despite Grant's support for Brooks, the House soon passed a

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known as the "Hallie", thought to be bringing supplies. The shooting lasted around ten to fifteen minutes before the pilot ran up a white flag signaling a surrender. One stray bullet pierced the vessel's supply pipe between the boiler and engine, cutting off its power, and the boat drifted downriver,

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Brooks issued a proclamation to the people of Arkansas asking them for their support. Baxter answered with a proclamation to the people of Arkansas declaring martial law in Pulaski County. A company was then issued from the young men of Little Rock. On the evening of April 16, the assembled army, now

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to Brook's complaint was suddenly called up. Neither of Baxter's lawyers were present in the court room, and the demurrer had been submitted without their knowledge. Without giving Baxter any time to testify, Judge Whytock overruled the demurrer and awarded Brooks $ 2,000 in damages and the office of

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Brooks supporters immediately claimed that the election had been dishonest. The Democrats, the Brindle-tails, and all non-Republican newspapers openly and vocally denounced the election as fraudulent, and insisted that Brooks had in fact received the most votes. The general citizenry of both parties,

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It would be as great a farce of yesterday's election to designate it otherwise than a fraud. It was one of the worst ever yet perpetrated in the state. The city judges paid no attention to any registration either old or new, but permitted everybody to vote, and in many instances without question. Men

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The election of 1872 has been described as a "masterpiece of confusion" by Arkansas historian Michael B. Dougan. "That carpetbagger Brooks ran with Democratic support against a scalawag nominated by a party composed almost exclusively of carpetbaggers was enough to bewilder most voters as well as the

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platform for universal amnesty, universal suffrage, economic reforms, and an end to the so-called Clayton dictatorship. A small group of Claytonites, disgruntled with the extravagance of the administration, also defected to this group. Among them was Joseph Brooks, who claimed to be the originator of

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of Pine Bluff offered militia support to Baxter. He organized three three companies of 300 African American troops and brought them to Little Rock by Steamboat and they marched to Anthony House with a brass band. He is reported to have said: "Furnish us simply with the means -- give us the authority

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Baxter had now been governor for a year and was following an independent course. He began dismantling the systems put in place by the Minstrels. He appointed honest Democrats and Republicans to the Election Commission, reorganized the militia by placing it under the control of the State, rather than

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It appeared that Brooks had exhausted all legal avenues at this point, but on June 16, 1873, he filed another lawsuit against Baxter, this time with the Pulaski County district court. Under Arkansas Civil Code sec. 525, if a person usurps an office or franchise to which he is not entitled, an action

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reported: "The election was one of the most quiet in Little Rock we ever witnessed." The returns on that day were too small to report with any certainty who had won, and the newspaper reported fraud. Rumors flew about claiming that registration had been cut short or extended in many counties to suit

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Many Democratic newspapers denied the existence of the secretive Ku Klux Klan while still reporting on the violence. 20th-century research shows the Klan was responsible for most of the violence in the state at this time. A state militia was organized to put down the violence, although it was poorly

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area of the Anthony House and patrolled the cross streets outside. Down the street, the Brooks men patrolled the front of the state house. The front line was Main Street. The postmaster handled the situation by only delivering mail addressed to Brooks or Baxter and holding all mail simply addressed

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supporting Brooks as the legal governor. Three out of the five Supreme Court justices also telegraphed the President in support of Brooks. Brooks telegraphed the President himself asking for access to weapons housed at the federal arsenal. He also issued a statement to the press proclaiming himself

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Two successive inquiries failed to find evidence against Clayton. The legislature refused to continue, all charges were dropped, and Clayton was exonerated. In fact, he was never found guilty of any wrongdoing while governor. Finally a deal was reached. Johnson, now politically badly damaged by his

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The 'scalawag' native conservative Republicans and the 'carpetbagger' migrant radical Republicans had managed to form a coalition to seize complete control of the state in 1868, however this would be short lived. Clayton actively pursued social and political reforms during Reconstruction, including

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Democrats, calling themselves "Conservatives," strongly opposed granting freedmen voting rights, viewing it as an overreach of the 14th Amendment. Their resistance stemmed from a perceived threat to political power and social order. Frustration grew as they had to pay taxes for infrastructure while

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The 1872 gubernatorial election witnessed a narrow victory for Minstrel Elisha Baxter over Brindle-tail Joseph Brooks in an election tainted by fraud and intimidation. Brooks contested the outcome through legal channels, initially without success. However, Baxter's decision to restore voting rights

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On February 6, 1875, a report from the majority, reflecting the position of four out of the five members of the committee, was submitted to the United States Congress. This document acknowledged the election of Brooks in the year 1872 but essentially concluded that the opportunity for any remedial

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It was becoming clear that federal intervention was required to settle the dispute, despite the general policy of the Grant administration to stay out of the affairs of Southern states. The President often expressed annoyance with Southern governors who requested help from federal troops to combat

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On March 3, 1873, the state legislature passed a bill re-enfranchising ex-Confederates, to the delight of much of the state population and the concern of the Minstrels. The legislature called a special election in November to replace 33 members, mostly Minstrels, who had left for patronage jobs in

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Introducing more taxes proved to be hugely unpopular among both Democrats and Republicans, and the people of the state were not generally prosperous. Bond issues generated controversy and were the source of scandals in the administration. All of the old railroad and infrastructure bonds, including

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Governor Clayton faced a desperate need for infrastructure rebuilding. His diverse efforts included hefty tax hikes, bond issues to restore credit, and even printing state-issued "scrip." Despite these measures, soaring inflation, economic hardship, and a tripling of Arkansas's debt by 1873 marked

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In March 1874, Baxter vetoed the Railroad Steel Bill, the centerpiece of the Radical Republican Reconstruction plan. The bill would have released the railroad companies from their debts to the state and created a tax to pay the interest on the bonds. This was clearly not legal and the veto called

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in Little Rock, claiming he had a right to a seat on the Supreme Court due to the fraudulent election. The Brooks Campaign likewise filed suit in the Circuit Court shortly thereafter on January 7, 1873. Judge H. C. Caldwell heard the Harrison case, and rendered an opinion stating that the Federal

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The Mistrals, who were also the regular Republican party, chose Baxter believing since he was seen as a long time resident of the state, and was a former slave holder he would appeal to the nativests Republicans and Democrats alike. Brooks was thoroughly disliked by both nativists Republicans and

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To sequester Clayton from the affairs in the state, the Brindle-tails and the Democrats decided the only thing they could do was elect him to the U.S. Senate. However, even though he won unanimously, he refused to take his seat, which would mean letting Johnson become governor. In 1871, the state

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was a Brindle-tail, so the natural course of action was to try to get rid of Clayton and let Johnson succeed him. Clayton was well aware of their plans, and when he left the state briefly for New York on business concerning the Holford Bonds, he informed no one. When Johnson, who was at home some

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for a state penitentiary roof, which was diverted for the construction of a mansion of a Republican official J. L. Hodges, who eventually served jail time for the incident. Promissory notes, or scrip, were issued to raise money. The money was used for construction projects, and invested in public

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On September 7, 1874, the new constitution was completed and signed by a majority of delegates. The entire electorate, including the disenfranchised Confederates and the freedmen, voted. The election not only was for ratification of the new constitution but also for state officials that would be

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Although no longer a state official, Clayton remained the leader of the state Republicans and was controlling now not only appointments within the state, but also the flow of federal money and positions. He began purging Brindle-tails from federal office, including Joseph Brooks, who was at this

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It will be a source of infinite joy and satisfaction, to the oppressed and long suffering people of Arkansas, to learn that, on yesterday, the tyrant, despot and usurper, late of Kansas, but more recently, governor of Arkansas, took his departure from the city and his hateful presence out of our

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The Claytonites started calling the new faction the Brindle-tails. This name can be traced back to Clayton supporter Jack Agery, who was a freedman, contractor, and orator in the state. In a speech he gave in Eagle Township in Pulaski County, he said that Brooks reminded him of a "brindle-tailed

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Fearing he could not guarantee the integrity of the polling places, Clayton canceled fall elections in counties where political violence had broken out. In doing so, however, he further reduced the Democratic vote, and the state ended up supporting the election of President Grant, the Republican

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Violence soon erupted throughout the state. Former Confederate Army officers in nearby Memphis, Tennessee, formed the Ku Klux Klan to fight against the new order. The Klan quickly spread into Arkansas. Republican officials, including Congressmen James Hinds, were attacked, as were black citizens

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Rivalry between Brooks and Clayton predated the 1868 election. Clayton saw Brooks as his strongest competitor for preference and distinction and did not want him to become too entrenched with the party leadership. Brooks felt that his ability and service to the party were not being recognized or

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Overtones of the Civil War and racial conflict were evident. Brooks' men numbered 600 by this time and were all freedmen who supported Republicans as their emancipators. Baxter's forces, all white Democrats, continued to grow steadily during the conflict until they reached nearly 2,000. Several

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claimed victory for Brooks. By the next day, because of the irregularities and votes that would be thrown out, the projected winner was Baxter, by only 3,000 votes. The General Assembly met on January 6 for a special joint session to declare Baxter, who by their count had received the most

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The Brindle Tails, the break off mostly non nativist Liberal Republicans, chose Joseph Brooks as their nominee for Governor. Brooks was a very vocal supporter of civil rights for former slaves, but also a supporter of re-enfranchisement for ex-Confederates, which was the sentiment nationally of

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identified a local Democratic official and suspected Ku Klux Klansman as the killer. Most contemporaries blamed the Klan, which had threatened to kill Hinds and was actively killing and assaulting other Republicans. Reflecting the times, no-one was ever arrested for the murder. As more violence

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Speaker of the House. They then passed an act calling for a constitutional convention, which Governor Baxter approved on May 18. The act scheduled an election for the last day of June and appointed delegates from the counties of Arkansas. Two days later, Generals Newton and Fagan negotiated an

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which had already been declared illegal by the Arkansas Supreme Court, were gathered into a funding act and passed by the legislature. Many bonds were issued for roads and railroads that were never built, or were constructed and then torn up and rebuilt in another direction. Some projects even

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The Democratic Party was also in disarray in Arkansas in 1867–68. One unifying principle of the Democrats, however, was white supremacy and resistance to black suffrage. At the January 27, 1868, Democratic State Convention in Little Rock, Democrats announced the avowed purpose of uniting "the

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In June 1874, Clayton announced that he could no longer control matters in Arkansas and that he and his friends would be willing to enter into any arrangement whereby they could at least be safe from persecution and prosecution. However, the Democrats retaliated by impeaching many Minstrels,

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Most importantly Senator Clayton had lost confidence in Governor Baxter's moderate style, which clashed with Clayton's progressive agenda. In his memoirs, written much later in life, Clayton would accuse Baxter of colluding with the Democrats, even saying when the two were traveling together

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were chosen by the new legislature in May 1864 as the two U.S. senators from Arkansas, but in February 1865, their admission was denied by congressional Republicans displeased with Lincoln for trying to restore Southern representation in Congress so easily. In mid-1865, Baxter formed a law

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impeachment ordeal and willing to take any position he could get, resigned as lieutenant governor, was appointed Secretary of State, and was given a compensation of several thousand dollars for his loss of power and prestige, since he would not become governor. A staunch Clayton supporter,

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Because of the relatively slow communications, messages from other counties were often delayed up to a week. There were numerous reports of anomalies in state polling centers, including names being inexplicably stricken from the voter registration lists and persons voting without proof of

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to work in the rebuilding process. In 1866, Congress grew increasingly disturbed by post-war developments in the rebel states: pre-Civil War elites, including plantation owners and Confederate Army officers, were reelected to government positions, and southern legislatures enacted

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to former Confederates alienated much of his support base. In 1874, a county judge declared Brooks the rightful governor, citing election fraud. Brooks seized control of the government by force, but Baxter refused to step down. Each side garnered support from their respective

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groups suppressed black voting, using a combination of intimidation, blocking blacks from the polls, and outright assassinations. The new constitution was ratified on October 13, 1874, and Democratic officials elected almost unanimously, including new Democratic Governor

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In July 1868, Arkansas rejoined the Union and Clayton was inaugurated governor. The new general assembly had already begun meeting in April, but had been unable to do anything other than prepare legislation for the time when the state was readmitted. The prior governor,

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out of gun range, and lodged on the Southern (Western) shore. Sources vary as to the actual casualties of the incident. The boat's captain, a pilot, and one rifleman were killed; the other pilot and three or four riflemen were wounded. One source stated that the Brooks

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published incomplete tallies from the various counties, showing a small majority for Baxter. They also reported more forms of attempted fraud. Some unofficial polling places had apparently been set up, but only those votes cast at the regular polls had been certified.

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Brooks then took a petition to the General Assembly, asking for a recount. The assembly took up the matter on April 20, 1873, and voted 63 to 9 not to allow Brooks to contest the election. This did not deter Brooks, and he applied to the Arkansas Supreme Court for a

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The committee was charged with investigating matters in Arkansas to ascertain whether there was such a republican form of government there as the United States should recognize. Over the course of its investigation, the committee held two hearings in Washington DC.

1270:, designed to fire explosive shells. Originally from a foundry in New Orleans, it was brought to Arkansas in the summer of 1862 by the steamboat "Ponchatrain" and saw action on the Mississippi, White, and Arkansas rivers until it was transferred to Fort Hindman at 1265:

The Lady Baxter, a cannon on permanent display in front of the Old State House, is the most prominent artifact remaining from the Brooks-Baxter war. The cannon is a Confederate copy of a United States Model 1848 64-pounder siege gun 8 in (200 mm) Naval

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infrastructure. Article VI, Sec 10 of the new constitution stated that the credit of the state could not be loaned without the consent of the voters, making these promissory notes illegal. Their introduction also caused actual currency to go out of circulation.

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preacher and had been a chaplain in a black regiment for the Union army. He was known for his fiery speeches that united political and religious themes. He had been the chairman of the 1868 Republican state convention and was at the time the State Senator from

1565:"It is well known that there are three parties in this State: The State Administration party, called 'Minstrels'; part of the Republican Party opposed to the Minstrels, popularly called the 'Brindle-tails', and the Democratic party." (Harrell 1893, p. 96). 1154:

into question the legality of the 1868 railroad bonds, which created a public bonded debt. It is likely the Minstrels struck a deal with Brooks to support the railroad bonds, and within a month the political backers of Brooks and Baxter began to switch.

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In Washington, Brooks was supported politically, but Baxter also had support because of the undemocratic way he had been removed from office. President Grant had already dealt with the outcome of the contested election for Governor of Louisiana, the

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institution on the southeastern edge of the state. Baxter issued two proclamations to the press from his temporary office, asserting his rights to the governorship by vote of the people and the decision of the legislature; both were printed in the

1202:. They encountered little to no resistance and were able to seize the capital building and the state seal. The capital building did not have armed guards, a point Baxter remarked would have been absurd given the traditions of the American people. 792:

In order to pay for the new infrastructure, Governor Powell allowed the state to be flooded with paper scrip. This is an example of a one dollar note from Fayetteville, Arkansas issued in 1872 worth one dollar for five years after its printing

609:

and a poor economy, the coalition soon fractured into two factions: the Minstrels, who were mostly carpetbaggers, and the Brindle-tails, who were mostly scalawags. This led to a failed impeachment trial of the carpetbagger Republican governor,

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resolution backing the committee's majority report, effectively opposing Grant's stance. Faced with limited options and with Augustus Garland already serving as governor since his 1874 election, President Grant ceased further intervention.

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elected if the constitution was indeed ratified. The Republicans actually took the same position that the Democrats had taken earlier, believing that the election was illegal they nominated no candidates. Conservative Democrats and allied

8879: 1250:, carrying about 150 militiamen to confront Brooks supporters at New Gascony. After a confrontation at Ashley's gin, White's forces prevailed, capturing around sixty prisoners, including leaders Joseph L. Murphy and Captain Vandesand. 1121:

at law may be instituted against him either by the State or by the party rightly entitled to the office. On October 8, 1873, Baxter filed a plea of non-jurisdiction, but he believed that the court might decide against him. He issued a

811:

The Radical Republican state initiatives included levees and railroads. Arkansas' first public school system was created. The administration and its supporters established Arkansas Industrial University, the basis for the future

1511:

It was a long time after the Brooks–Baxter War that people of Arkansas allowed another Republican to become governor. The following 35 governors of Arkansas, ruling for a total of 90 years, were all Democrats, until Republican

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After the American Civil War, rebel states, including Arkansas, were in disarray. Slavery, key to their economies and social structure, was gone. Northerners, whom Southerners called 'carpetbaggers', came to the defeated

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For their part, the Brindle-tails mockingly referred to the carpetbaggers and Claytonist Republicans as the Minstrels, and that name stuck as well. This moniker can probably be traced to John G. Price, the editor of the

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received the same amount of funding from different bonds, such as embankments built for railroads where roads were funded to be built by a different bond. One of the most controversial bonds involved the purchase of

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Brooks and his men told Baxter to leave or he would be arrested, given that he was outnumbered he was forced to comply, and before he could summon help the capital was over run with "desperadoes". He went to the

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in the Union army who remained in Arkansas after marrying an Arkansas woman, was elected governor as a Republican in April, 1868. The election was scarred with irregularities. For example, the return of votes in

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There were rumors that Joseph McClure, the Chief Justice who had sworn him into office, intended to have Baxter either arrested or killed, ostensibly because Baxter had replaced W. W. Wilshire, a Minstrel, with

1174:

Governor of Arkansas. Neither Brooks nor the court notified the legislature or Governor Baxter. Judge Wytock then swore in Joseph Brooks as the new governor of Arkansas, despite having no authority to do so.

1469:

Despite initial support for the Baxter administration, President Ulysses S. Grant sided with a minority report by Congressman Ward of Illinois, who, following a visit to Arkansas facilitated by Senator

992:. He escaped north and joined the 4th Arkansas Mounted Infantry (Union), serving as colonel of the regiment. In 1864, after Arkansas was occupied by Union troops, Baxter was appointed as Justice of the 1438:

was a congressional committee established by the U.S. House of Representatives to investigate the situation in Arkansas in the aftermath of the Brooks–Baxter War. It was chaired by Representative

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and state militia, Brooks, accompanied by about 20 armed men, marched to the Arkansas Capitol building (now known as "the Old Statehouse"), located at Markham and Center streets in downtown

1238:

being referred to as the "Hallie Riflers", escorted Baxter back to the Anthony House, where he set up his headquarters, and from there he began trying to do the state's business once more.

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wanting Arkansas to rejoin the Union formed a coalition to write and pass the new constitution, and formed a new state government. In the wake of a wave of reactionary violence by the

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There were now two militias marching and singing through Little Rock as the city became a battleground. Commanding both forces were ex-Confederate soldiers. Former Brigadier-General

9025: 8592: 8516: 8404: 8343: 8292: 3527: 8028: 8014: 836:. However, state debt increased dramatically. The state had a budget surplus when Clayton came to office, but by the end of his term, the state debt had increased to $ 5 million. 972:

At their party convention, the Minstrels faction nominated Elisha Baxter as their candidate. Baxter was a lawyer, politician, and merchant from North Carolina who had settled in

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lawn, based on a photograph dating to the American Civil War. By the time of the Brooks-Baxter War, the split rail fence had been replaced by the wrought iron that is there now.

1088:

reads this wood cut purportedly showing Baxter's men loading onto a steam ship on their way to attack Brooks forces. This image appeared in many major news papers including the

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votes, the legal winner of the election. After a short address he was sworn in by Chief Justice John McClure. He then assumed the duties of Governor of the State of Arkansas.

1426:

On May 19, General Newton and his troops reoccupied the State House grounds, which had just been evacuated by Brooks' forces, and on the 20th, he reinstated Governor Baxter.

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on October 8, 1873, and signed by all the major members of the party, including Clayton. However, the Minstrels would soon turn on Baxter for not following the party line.

6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 5361: 8655: 936:, was then appointed lieutenant governor. Three days later, Clayton left the state for Washington, D.C., to join the U.S. Senate, and Hadley succeeded him as governor. 3983: 675:

In the fall of 1867 Arkansans voted to convene a new constitutional convention and selected delegates, who convened in Little Rock in January 1868. The President was

9234: 8991: 8635: 4059: 2363:"ANARCHY IN ARKANSAS.; MORE FIGHTING IN THE STREETS OF LITTLE ROCK. A SKIRMISH--SEVERAL KILLED AND WOUNDED--THE FEDERAL TROOPS ON HAND--MORE BLOODSHED THREATENING" 230: 8359: 870:. Although he had been involved with the carpetbaggers since the beginning, Clayton had not given him a government position, seeing Brooks as a potential rival. 9194: 9096: 8630: 8179: 8149: 7909: 6262: 4082: 586: 9386: 8308: 8723: 1125:

to President Grant informing him of the basic situation in Arkansas and asked for federal troops to help him maintain the peace. Grant denied his request.

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commanded the Brooks men, and Robert C. Newton, a former Colonel, commanded the Hallie Riflers, or Baxter's forces. Baxter's men occupied the downstairs

8972: 2478: 1391:, issued a joint communique supporting Baxter and ordering Brooks to vacate the capitol. They also referred the dispute back to the State Legislature. 649:

in Arkansas, resulting in a significantly weakened Republican Party in the state as Democrats took power and controlled the governorship for 90 years.

698:

The new constitution was ratified by the people of the state, at the election beginning March 13, 1868. This election was riddled with inconsistency.

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governor. The senators from the state, Clayton and Steven Dorsey, met with President Grant, and they sent a message to Brooks giving their support.

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Brooks was assigned three prominent Minstrel attorneys, and after a year of sitting on the docket, at about 11 am on April 15, 1874, Baxter's

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to meet in special session, which they did. Apparently, they met "behind Baxter lines" although where that was is not exactly clear. Since the

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The first to file suit over the election was Judge William M. Harrison, who had been on the Brooks ticket. He filed a Bill of Equity with the

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Court had no jurisdiction in the matter, and dismissed the case. The Harrison decision resulted in the dismissal of the Brooks case as well.

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and a staunch Clayton supporter. Price was known to be a good musician and comedian and had even once filled in for a sick performer in a

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however, accepted the results. The Brooks supporters were in the minority in believing that the election had been fraudulent.

9396: 9381: 7789: 7629: 7571: 7556: 7437: 7412: 7330: 7293: 7273: 7159: 7124: 7047: 7010: 6995: 6896: 6871: 6861: 6804: 6772: 6762: 6742: 4686: 4488: 4013: 3993: 3609: 2571: 2247: 1624: 1219: 590: 451: 446: 8754: 8260: 7760: 7649: 7644: 7614: 7588: 7546: 7536: 7484: 7479: 7459: 7432: 7350: 7345: 7320: 7263: 7253: 7201: 7196: 7181: 7149: 7067: 7062: 7037: 6985: 6928: 6913: 6824: 6819: 6809: 6794: 6732: 6599: 6594: 5037: 1538: 5677: 5577: 2948: 2594: 2501: 2290: 1520:. Winthrop became governor while his brother Nelson was governor of New York, while the defeat of Johnson in Arkansas and 9116: 8318: 8247: 8242: 8169: 7669: 7619: 7609: 7583: 7509: 7449: 7375: 7325: 7315: 7305: 7221: 7171: 7154: 7087: 7042: 7032: 7022: 7005: 6953: 6891: 6856: 6834: 6799: 6767: 6717: 6584: 6579: 6550: 6545: 6531: 6526: 6502: 6468: 6306: 5597: 5064: 5031: 4044: 3952: 3920: 2971:

Kraemer, Michael William. "Divisions Between Arkansans in the Brooks-Baxter War." (U of Kentucky Graduate Thesis, 2012).

1205:

By the end of the afternoon, nearly 300 armed men had converged on the lawn of the State Capitol. Brooks' men seized the

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suffered one man killed and three wounded; another report was that five men were killed and "quite a number" wounded.

8399: 8106: 8086: 7639: 7551: 7474: 7427: 7407: 7340: 7268: 7191: 7119: 7057: 6990: 6948: 6923: 6011: 5727: 5412: 4324: 4248: 3865: 3800: 3471: 3083: 2612: 2220: 1913: 1875: 719: 503: 17: 2262:"William Meade Fishback (1831–1903)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved August 17, 2012. 735:, wrote to General Grant that it would take months to sort out which side had committed the greater election fraud. 7953: 7948: 7857: 7561: 7531: 7422: 7397: 7283: 7248: 7134: 7109: 7000: 6881: 6752: 6118: 5810: 5341: 5336: 4740: 4221: 3915: 3875: 3461: 1278:

bloody skirmishes occurred. Known as the Battle of Palarm, a small naval battle erupted on the Arkansas River near

1033:

In the days before the election and the days afterward, predictions and reports of fraud were printed daily in the

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refused to participate in the writing of the constitution and ceased participation in government. Republicans and

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who was inaugurated November 12, 1874, and Baxter left office after only serving two years of a four-year term.

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and began turning the Statehouse into an armed camp. Telegrams covered in signatures were sent to President

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In 1871, Clayton was accused of deliberately tampering with the results of the U.S. house election between

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Killing Congress: Assassinations, Attempted Assassinations and Other Violence Against Members of Congress

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regular waves of election year violence, with little compassion for the issues they faced. Grant and the

1102: 901: 669: 550:. The victor in the end was the Baxter administration, also known as the "Minstrels", supported by some " 5840: 2659:

Sherwood, Diana. "Shall 'Lady Baxter' Be Junked?" Arkansas Gazette Magazine, October 4, 1942, pp. 9, 15.

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including Supreme Court Justice John McClure. Clayton finished his Senate term but was not re-elected.

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the governor, and pushed for an amendment to the state constitution to re-enfranchise ex-Confederates.

570: 532: 380: 294: 164: 8425: 2832: 411: 9356: 9122: 9012: 8932: 8892: 8562: 8270: 8118: 7862: 7832: 6252: 5976: 5815: 5612: 5492: 5472: 4746: 4525: 4175: 4117: 3760: 3391: 3376: 2486:. Little Rock, Arkansas: Old State House Museum. Reprint of Owings, Robert. "The Brooks-Baxter War" 1586: 1395: 941: 680: 619: 5830: 2796: 1490:

The "Lady Baxter" now sits on the lawn of the Old State House as a monument to the Brooks–Baxter War

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reluctantly intervened, throwing his support behind Baxter and bringing an end to the conflict.

9199: 9088: 8922: 8707: 8364: 6326: 6026: 6001: 5991: 5935: 5765: 5702: 5582: 5517: 5512: 5111: 4937: 4849: 4824: 4574: 4502: 4187: 3790: 3770: 3704: 3664: 3254: 1471: 1162:

which had become embroiled in a scandal that involved House Speaker and Presidential candidate

997: 993: 863: 817: 813: 664: 278: 1672:

Driggs Jr., Orval Truman (1947). The issues of the Clayton regime (1868–1871). (Thesis: M.A.).

55: 9306: 9173: 9109: 8718: 8572: 8487: 7837: 6456: 6067: 5930: 5905: 5717: 5562: 5557: 5462: 5457: 5442: 5432: 5285: 5226: 5220: 5047: 4989: 4867: 4843: 4788: 4456: 4008: 3780: 3300: 3249: 2987: 2903: 2879: 2678: 2677:(Volume XXXVII, Nos. 3–4 ed.). Faulkner County Historical Society: 70–73. Archived from 2237: 1407: 1388: 1359:

of Judges. Baxter denied that they were acting under his direction. The Judges were taken to

1199: 642: 566: 256: 94: 90: 5592: 2403: 2164: 1903: 928:

for his part in trying to deny Johnson the privileges of his office of lieutenant governor.

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appreciated, and he grew bitter and resentful of the other Republicans, including Clayton.

688: 5707: 5682: 4074: 8: 9051: 8978: 8912: 8873: 8790: 8713: 8501: 8328: 8275: 8209: 8123: 8101: 8081: 7883: 7816: 6227: 6175: 6062: 5885: 5850: 5437: 5250: 5142: 5105: 5006: 4925: 4716: 3860: 3679: 3569: 3274: 3264: 3239: 1505: 1343:

On May 3, men claiming to be acting on behalf of Baxter supporters hijacked a train from

1254: 933: 898: 897:

The Brindle-tails desperately wanted Clayton out of the governor's office. Conveniently,

769: 699: 578: 356: 288: 176: 127: 5672: 5602: 1720: 8985: 8813: 8797: 8759: 8650: 8567: 8552: 8542: 8481: 8435: 8215: 8204: 7795: 6604: 6134: 5945: 5920: 5875: 5785: 5755: 5587: 5572: 5532: 5507: 5497: 5320: 5291: 5237: 5196: 5166: 5069: 5012: 4885: 4675: 4663: 4651: 4339: 4306: 3795: 3755: 3644: 3639: 3614: 3441: 3204: 3060: 2367: 2120: 2081: 2042: 1757: 1521: 1443: 1399: 1344: 977: 728: 646: 594: 574: 391: 314: 272: 241: 43: 5895: 5377: 5099: 2986:(Volume XXXVII, Nos. 3–4 ed.). Faulkner County Historical Society. Archived from 208: 9178: 9032: 8691: 8281: 8047: 7852: 6565: 6347: 6072: 6052: 5966: 5950: 5900: 5890: 5522: 5487: 5416: 5297: 5190: 5053: 4477: 4210: 4198: 3745: 3574: 3209: 3128: 3079: 2567: 2243: 2216: 1909: 1838: 1620: 1352: 480: 2239:

Distinguishing the Righteous from the Roguish: The Arkansas Supreme Court, 1836–1874

878:. They began gaining support among the disenfranchised and the Liberal Republicans. 788: 9135: 9082: 8962: 8949: 8939: 8899: 8681: 8625: 8582: 8577: 8493: 8369: 8040: 7847: 6436: 6414: 6404: 6170: 5880: 5770: 5607: 5266: 5260: 4861: 4782: 4621: 4421: 4312: 4294: 4204: 4127: 3885: 3785: 3654: 3634: 3549: 3305: 3110: 3052: 3027:

Arkansas and Reconstruction: The Influence of Geography, Economics, and Personality

2838: 2542:

Arkansas Odyssey: The Saga of Arkansas from Prehistoric Times to Present: A History

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Joseph Starr Dunham, ed. (February 18, 1868). "Van Buren Press February 18, 1868".

1749: 1517: 1414:

were both absent, being that they were both Brooks supporters, they were replaced.

1360: 1210: 1135: 631: 439: 325: 156: 5657: 2101:"United States v. Powell Clayton: Use of the Federal Enforcement Acts in Arkansas" 2062:"United States v. Powell Clayton: Use of the Federal Enforcement Acts in Arkansas" 2023:"United States v. Powell Clayton: Use of the Federal Enforcement Acts in Arkansas" 2002:. Richmond Virginia: The Southern Historical publication Society. pp. 322–330 1738:"The Constitution of 1868: Conqueror's Constitution or Constitutional Continuity?" 9318: 9294: 9239: 9129: 9052:

The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution

8944: 8834: 8769: 8660: 8506: 8476: 8440: 7958: 6409: 6160: 6057: 5915: 5800: 5740: 5502: 5117: 4657: 4192: 4135: 3815: 3599: 3589: 2923: 2772: 2732: 2561: 2482: 2450: 2439: 1980: 1966: 1870: 1411: 1368: 1163: 1010: 676: 484: 434: 299: 2907: 2883: 9103: 8927: 8252: 6441: 6431: 6165: 5790: 4855: 4818: 4769: 4708: 4519: 4300: 4079: 3659: 3649: 3594: 1798: 1716: 1683: 1447: 1439: 1419: 1415: 1403: 1002: 611: 593:– and enact new constitutions providing suffrage to freedmen while temporarily 1182: 1056:

the needs of whoever controlled the polling places. The following Monday, the

857:

Radicalism in Arkansas and became their natural leader. Brooks was a Northern

27:

Attempted coup d'état against Arkansas governor Elisha Baxter's administration

9330: 9204: 9168: 9069: 8764: 8547: 8511: 8471: 6446: 6296: 5735: 5642: 5314: 4912: 4450: 4369: 4364: 4028: 2834:

The Brooks and Baxter War: A History of the Reconstruction Period in Arkansas

1451: 1376: 1271: 1014: 887: 799: 540: 386: 149: 3115: 1379:. However, Grant's decision would soon set in motion the demise of Brooks. 1001:

partnership in Little Rock with future U.S. Congressman and fellow Unionist

9244: 9214: 9006: 8645: 8557: 8333: 8096: 7973: 6451: 6389: 6374: 6369: 5845: 4812: 4162: 4141: 3840: 1500: 1455: 909: 740: 606: 551: 266: 9037: 8445: 6284: 6279: 6274: 4697: 4530: 3855: 3830: 3820: 3750: 1081: 833: 829: 761: 684: 9313: 3064: 3037: 2868: 2544:. Little Rock, Arkansas: Rose Publishing Company (Ar). pp. 259–264. 2124: 2100: 2085: 2061: 2046: 2022: 1761: 1737: 9163: 9019: 6042: 5925: 5325: 5182: 5023: 4104: 3845: 3684: 3669: 2566:. Easley, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press. pp. 307–314. 1372: 3032:

Woodward, Earl F. "The Brooks and Baxter War in Arkansas, 1872-1874",

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in Louisiana ended the once mighty hold of segregation over politics.

8430: 6384: 6103: 5910: 5865: 5652: 5627: 4799: 4638: 4318: 3740: 3629: 3056: 2771:

Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, eds. (1888). "John Thomas Newton".

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still being disenfranchised, fueling opposition to Radical policies.

283: 2506:. Little Rock, Arkansas: Wilson and Webb Book and Stationery Company 9229: 6379: 6357: 5086: 4732: 4613: 4541: 4413: 4384: 4356: 4281: 4023: 3910: 3880: 3604: 1298:

of May 30, 1874, gave the following for casualties and fatalities:

1288: 1283: 1170: 1122: 985: 853: 559: 555: 98: 66: 47: 2878:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 164–181. 1442:

of Vermont. The committee consisted of three Republicans (Poland,

5277: 4998: 4566: 4511: 1801:(Report). J.G. Price, printer to the convention. pp. 807–813 1799:

Debates and Proceedings of the Arkansas Constitutional Convention

1684:

Debates and Proceedings of the Arkansas Constitutional Convention

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Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866

2408:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 164–181 1047:

were marched from one ward to another and voted early and often.

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Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

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Worley, Ted R. (Summer 1955). "Elisha Baxter's Autobiography".

2734:

The American annual cyclopedia and register of important events

1356: 2770: 2169:. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Book Company. pp. 685–688 1186:

An artist's interpretation of Brooks and Baxter troops on the

6258:

United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction

5153: 4835: 1927: 1925: 1486: 1051:

On November 6, 1872, the day after the general election, the

804: 1355:, thinking that the Court would be unable to rule without a 785:

this period of financial struggle and political discontent.

5362:

List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America

4437: 4075: 1686:(Report). J.G. Price, printer to the convention. p. 11 1225:

Baxter then moved his headquarters to St. Johns College, a

776:

candidate, despite the population being mostly Democratic.

9026:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

1922: 848:

The scalawags met in convention and adopted the name the "

9235:

Technological and industrial history of the United States

2144:. Cambridge, England: Hurd and Houghton. pp. 434–439 2924:"Constitutional convention of 1874 – Reminiscences" 2817:"Arkansas: Squealing at the Lick Log". Time. 1966-11-04. 531:, was an attempt made by failed gubernatorial candidate 5407: 2737:. Vol. 14. D. Appleton & Co. 1875. p. 43. 238: 9402:

Riots and civil disorder during the Reconstruction Era

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African American founding fathers of the United States

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The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan

6263:

United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction

3158: 1294:

Casualty reports vary widely depending on the source;

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The conflict, followed by a complete restructuring of

9278: 2442:. In Exhibition: Biographies of Arkansas's Governors 2166:

Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States

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The struggle began with the ratification of the 1868

554:" and Democrats over the Brindle-tails supported by " 7769:

The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women

1418:

was elected President pro tempore of the Senate and

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exceeded the number of registered voters. Also, the

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Publications of the Arkansas Historical Association

2708:. Vol. 43, no. 2. Little Rock, Arkansas: 1871:"Constitutional Convention of 1874 – Reminiscences" 1781: 8020:Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866 3002:Moneyhon, Carl H. "Powell Clayton (1833–1914)" in 2613:"Military Relics Disappearing Faster Than Decorum" 7811:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act 2431:Old Statehouse Museum. Little Rock, Arkansas (). 1957:Old Statehouse Museum. Little Rock, Arkansas (). 1796: 1681: 1177: 9328: 2980:"The Brooks-Baxter War and the Battle at Palarm" 2863:Atkinson, James H. "The Brooks-Baxter Contest", 1617:Negroes and The Gun: the black tradition of arms 1450:of Illinois) and two Democrats (Representatives 996:, but he did not serve in that position. He and 657: 3078:. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 103–104. 2352:Little Rock, Arkansas. #300. November 16, 1872. 2345: 2343: 2325:Little Rock, Arkansas. #299. November 15, 1872. 2318: 2316: 2215:. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 103–104. 1843:. St. Louis, Missouri: Slawson Printing Company 8155:Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 2876:Federal Aid in Domestic Disturbances 1787–1903 2837:. St. Louis: Slawson Printing Co. – via 2405:Federal Aid in Domestic Disturbances 1787–1903 2337:Little Rock, Arkansas. #291. November 7, 1872. 1561: 1559: 958: 839: 760:spread throughout the state, Clayton declared 69:" as victim of the feud between the two sides. 8129:First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 6119: 5393: 4060: 3535: 3144: 3120: 1959:"Powell Clayton: Martial Law and Machiavelli" 1902:Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard M. (2014). 1735: 1619:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus. p. 93. 1610: 1608: 504: 224: 9387:Political controversies in the United States 5246:1885 attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers 4233:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911 2900:The issues of the Clayton regime (1868-1871) 2383: 2340: 2328: 2313: 2242:. University of Arkansas Press. p. 39. 2190:Little Rock, Arkansas. #101. March 19, 1871. 1991: 1989: 1931: 1901: 597:former Confederates. Some conservatives and 569:, rewritten to allow Arkansas to rejoin the 2774:Appleton's cyclopædia of American biography 2518: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2181: 2111:(2). Arkansas Historical Association: 149. 2072:(2). Arkansas Historical Association: 148. 2033:(2). Arkansas Historical Association: 147. 1722:The aftermath of the Civil War, in Arkansas 1556: 950:state, it is to be hoped, forever and ever. 535:of the “Brindle-tail” faction of Arkansas' 6126: 6112: 5400: 5386: 4067: 4053: 3999:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 3984:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 3542: 3528: 3151: 3137: 2977: 2934:. Arkansas Historical Association: 210–268 2669:Meriwether, Robert W. (Fall–Winter 1995). 2668: 2662: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 1883:. Arkansas Historical Association: 210–268 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1605: 1534:List of coups and coup attempts by country 511: 497: 231: 217: 8687:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 5367:Mass racial violence in the United States 4778:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 4335:Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911 3022:(New York: Longmans, Green & Co,1923) 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2605: 2587: 2493: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 1995: 1986: 1725:. New York: The Neale Publishing Company. 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 705: 321:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 9210:History of the United States (1865–1917) 2892:With Fire and Sword, Arkansas, 1861-1874 2764: 2653: 2640: 2420: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1775: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1485: 1181: 1096: 1080: 787: 733:military district that included Arkansas 709: 5060:Pacific Electric Railway strike of 1903 2946: 2902:(M.A. thesis). University of Arkansas. 2830: 2760:. Arkansas Historical Association: 227. 2627: 2559: 2548: 2288: 2265: 2098: 2059: 2020: 1999:The South in the building of the nation 1836: 1813: 1715: 1614: 14: 9362:April 1874 events in the United States 9329: 8869:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era 7915:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln 6133: 5332:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894 5173:1899 Coeur d'Alene labor confrontation 4976:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894 4944:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912 4484:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894 4254:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894 3075:Encyclopedia of the Reconstruction Era 3071: 3042: 3011:Moneyhon, Carl H. "Baxter, Elisha" in 2916:Retreat from Reconstruction, 1869-1879 2897: 2873: 2781: 2699: 2539: 2533: 2456: 2433:Elisha Baxter: Reconstruction Unravels 2401: 2395: 2392:Little Rock, Arkansas. April 29, 1874. 2235: 2212:Encyclopedia of the Reconstruction Era 2208: 2193: 2162: 2156: 1698: 1347:, and arrested federal Court Justices 1019:Horace Greeley Liberal National ticket 81:April 15 – May 15, 1874 (30 days) 9154:Women's suffrage in the United States 7843:Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction 6107: 5381: 4687:1895 New Orleans dockworkers massacre 4489:Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913 4048: 3523: 3132: 3119: 2921: 2855:American Annual Cyclopedia...for 1873 2741: 2731:"Correspondence, Assistant Justice". 2499: 2137: 2131: 1868: 1855: 1633: 1394:On May 11, Governor Baxter asked the 1338: 1076: 718:Powell Clayton, a 35-year-old former 212: 9407:Riots and civil disorder in Arkansas 9377:May 1874 events in the United States 9342:1870s coups d'état and coup attempts 8261:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 7949:Confederates surrender at Appomattox 7761:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 5095:Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894 5038:Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871 3979:Timeline of U.S. military operations 3502: 2894:(University of Arkansas Press, 2003) 2747: 1584: 1539:1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election 963: 955:point an Internal Revenue Assessor. 9117:United Daughters of the Confederacy 8248:American Woman Suffrage Association 8243:National Woman Suffrage Association 8170:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson 6469:Women during the Reconstruction era 5065:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike 4604:1912 Forsyth County racial conflict 4083:in the history of the United States 3107:Works by or about Brooks–Baxter War 2953:The Arkansas Historical Association 2295:The Arkansas Historical Association 1971:Biographies of Arkansas's Governors 1429: 1160:Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad 1024: 24: 9159:Labor history of the United States 8195:South Carolina readmitted to Union 8192:North Carolina readmitted to Union 8175:Impeachment managers investigation 8114:Constitutional conventions of 1867 7790:National Women's Rights Convention 5468:Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight 4581:Pensacola streetcar strike of 1908 4398:St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900 4375:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914 4171:Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877 3160:Arkansas in the American Civil War 3013:American National Biography Online 2847: 2794: 2595:"The poet laureate of Freemasonry" 1908:. Lexington Books. pp. 8–12. 1516:became governor in 1966 defeating 1129:Baxter and Brooks switch positions 980:, Baxter refused to fight for the 539:to take control of the state from 25: 9418: 8400:United States expedition to Korea 8107:Reconstruction military districts 4249:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877 3736:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 3101:Brooks-Baxter War telegrams, 1874 3094: 2928:The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2898:Driggs, Orval Truman Jr. (1947). 2105:The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2066:The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2027:The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 1876:The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 1786:. Van Buren, Arkansas: Van Buren. 1742:The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 780:Paying for the new infrastructure 9347:1874 crimes in the United States 9312: 9300: 9288: 7954:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 6248:African-American representatives 5342:1914 Butte, Montana, labor riots 5337:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 4222:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909 3501: 3492: 3491: 2390:The Daily Arkansas Gazette #837. 988:. He was captured and tried for 479: 470: 469: 363: 109:Baxter administration reinstated 54: 9372:Civil wars in the United States 8956:Black Reconstruction in America 8829:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 8739:1876 State of the Union Address 8666:1875 State of the Union Address 8593:1874 State of the Union Address 8517:1873 State of the Union Address 8456:1872 State of the Union Address 8405:1871 State of the Union Address 8344:1870 State of the Union Address 8293:1869 State of the Union Address 8288:First transcontinental railroad 8227:1868 State of the Union Address 8134:1867 State of the Union Address 7969:1865 State of the Union Address 7894:1864 State of the Union Address 7868:1863 State of the Union Address 7777:Woman in the Nineteenth Century 5568:Big Fight at the Jenkins Saloon 5162:1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike 4723:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 4290:Chicago railroad strike of 1877 4153:New York City Food Riot of 1917 2811: 2724: 2693: 2355: 2256: 2229: 2092: 2053: 2014: 1951: 1895: 1797:Pomeroy, James M., ed. (1868). 1682:Pomeroy, James M., ed. (1868). 1282:, where Brooks' men attacked a 683:. The vice presidents included 62:"A Plague O' Both Your Houses!" 9392:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant 8029:Petition for Universal Freedom 8010:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 4325:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike 4217:Anthracite coal strike of 1902 4148:1874 Tompkins Square Park riot 4014:List of anti-war organizations 3103:at the Arkansas State Archives 2978:Meriwether, Robert W. (1995). 2750:"Western Boundary of Arkansas" 2563:Centennial History of Arkansas 1790: 1729: 1675: 1578: 1385:United States Attorney General 1375:, head of the still-prominent 1178:Brindle-tails Seizure of Power 13: 1: 9076:A Visit from the Old Mistress 8775:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 8641:Specie Payment Resumption Act 8266:Board of Indian Commissioners 8198:Louisiana readmitted to Union 8160:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 8024:Tennessee readmitted to Union 7858:Women's Loyal National League 6561:Straight-Out Democratic Party 6332:Confederate States of America 4932:Battle of the Grapevine Creek 4921:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 4393:1877 St. Louis general strike 4330:Springfield race riot of 1908 4113:1880 Garret Rock May Day riot 3926:War against the Islamic State 3045:Arkansas Historical Quarterly 3034:Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2947:Johnson, Benjamin S. (1908). 2918:(LSU Press, 1982). pp 146–50. 2865:Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2777:. D Appleton Co. p. 509. 2289:Johnson, Benjamin S. (1908). 1544: 826:Arkansas School for the Blind 658:Arkansas Constitution of 1868 652: 643:Arkansas Constitution of 1874 9397:Republican Party of Arkansas 9382:Military history of Arkansas 8702:Battle of the Little Bighorn 8186:Arkansas readmitted to Union 8092:Knights of the White Camelia 8054:Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866 8000:New Orleans Massacre of 1866 7974:Founding of the Ku Klux Klan 7932:Special Field Orders No. 15 7755:Slavery in the United States 6090:List of Old West gunfighters 6022:Baxter's Curve Train Robbery 6017:Overland Flyer Train Robbery 5811:Enid–Pond Creek Railroad War 4741:Enid–Pond Creek Railroad War 4647:New Orleans Massacre of 1866 4259:1912 Lawrence textile strike 3442:Indian Council at Fort Smith 2984:Faulkner Facts and Fiddlings 2675:Faulkner Facts and Fiddlings 2453:. Retrieved October 6, 2009. 1996:Lafayette, Franklin (1909). 1983:. Retrieved October 6, 2009. 1934:"Powell Clayton (1833–1914)" 1572: 1549: 1481: 918:third congressional district 822:Arkansas School for the Deaf 262:New Orleans massacre of 1866 7: 9220:Race (human categorization) 8610:United States v. Cruikshank 8201:Alabama readmitted to Union 8189:Florida readmitted to Union 5987:Canyon Diablo Train Robbery 5688:Long Branch Saloon gunfight 5483:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral 4227:Philadelphia general strike 2700:Spears, Jim (Spring 2008). 2540:Dougan, Michael B. (1994). 2350:The Daily Arkansas Gazette. 2335:The Daily Arkansas Gazette. 2323:The Daily Arkansas Gazette. 2188:The Daily Arkansas Gazette. 1736:Ledbetter Jr., Cal (1985). 1527: 1320: 1317: 1262:to "Governor of Arkansas". 959:1872 gubernatorial election 840:Minstrels and Brindle-tails 10: 9423: 8421:General Mining Act of 1872 8390:New York custom house ring 8380:Meridian race riot of 1871 8324:Naturalization Act of 1870 6086:List of Old West gunfights 6083: 5967:Jonathan R. Davis Gunfight 5841:Placer County Railroad War 5043:San Francisco riot of 1877 4971:Meridian race riot of 1871 4682:1891 New Orleans lynchings 4599:1906 Atlanta race massacre 4428:1909 Omaha anti-Greek riot 3916:War in North-West Pakistan 3766:Second Sumatran expedition 3731:American Revolutionary War 3467:Camp White Sulphur Springs 3020:Reconstruction in Arkansas 2823: 2799:. Encyclopedia of Arkansas 2099:Swinney, Everette (1967). 2060:Swinney, Everette (1967). 2021:Swinney, Everette (1967). 1615:Johnson, Nicholas (2014). 1593:. encyclopedia of arkansas 1591:encyclopediaofarkansas.net 1243:Hercules King Cannon White 939:The Democrats' paper, the 295:Meridian race riot of 1871 137:“Brindle-tail” Republicans 9352:1874 in American politics 9257: 9187: 9146: 9062: 9013:Been in the Storm So Long 8933:William Archibald Dunning 8893:The American Commonwealth 8861: 8854: 8783: 8747: 8674: 8601: 8563:Election Massacre of 1874 8525: 8464: 8413: 8352: 8301: 8271:Public Credit Act of 1869 8235: 8210:Fourth Reconstruction Act 8142: 8119:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 8069: 7982: 7902: 7876: 7863:New York City draft riots 7833:Emancipation Proclamation 7825: 7742: 7735: 7685: 6707: 6661: 6615: 6508:National Union Convention 6488: 6481: 6340: 6317: 6253:Reconstruction Amendments 6243:African-American senators 6148: 6141: 6081: 6035: 5977:Skeleton Canyon massacres 5959: 5864: 5726: 5663:Short–Courtright Shootout 5626: 5493:Vaudeville Theater ambush 5473:Guadalupe Canyon Massacre 5448:Gunfight at Blazer's Mill 5423: 5354: 5307: 5276: 5236: 5211: 5181: 5152: 5127: 5085: 5022: 4997: 4988: 4958: 4911: 4834: 4798: 4768: 4731: 4707: 4637: 4612: 4589: 4565: 4540: 4526:Election Massacre of 1874 4510: 4501: 4470: 4436: 4412: 4383: 4355: 4280: 4271: 4241: 4176:Reading Railroad Massacre 4161: 4126: 4118:1913 Paterson silk strike 4103: 4094: 3961: 3761:First Sumatran expedition 3723: 3562: 3555: 3487: 3431: 3410: 3344: 3283: 3232: 3225: 3187: 3166: 3126: 3121:Links to related articles 2922:House, Joseph W. (1917). 2831:Harrell, John M. (1893). 2529:. May 9, 1874. p. 2. 2525:"Battle of New Gascony". 1869:House, Joseph W. (1917). 1840:The Brooks and Baxter War 984:and attempted to flee to 620:Arkansas General Assembly 591:civil rights for freedmen 251: 202: 197: 184: 142: 117: 73: 53: 41: 36: 8729:Safe burglary conspiracy 8616:Civil Rights Act of 1875 8395:Civil service commission 7995:Memphis massacre of 1866 7990:Civil Rights Act of 1866 7806:Confiscation Act of 1862 7801:Confiscation Act of 1861 6556:Liberal Republican Party 6238:Conservative Republicans 5826:McIntosh County Seat War 5618:Skeleton Canyon shootout 5548:Shootout at Wilson Ranch 5538:Shootout on Juneau Wharf 5453:Battle of Lincoln (1878) 5203:Battle of Lincoln (1878) 5137:Honolulu Courthouse riot 5076:Preparedness Day Bombing 4808:Memphis massacre of 1866 4753:McIntosh County Seat War 4446:Cincinnati riots of 1884 4403:St. Louis bullfight riot 3715:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 3675:Battle of Blair Mountain 3447:Fourth Military District 3072:Zuczek, Richard (2006). 3004:Encyclopedia of Arkansas 2710:Arkansas Bar Association 2560:Herndon, Dallas (1922). 2209:Zuczek, Richard (2006). 2138:Green, Nicholas (1876). 1938:Encyclopedia of Arkansas 1194:With the aid of General 820:; what would become the 614:; he was then elected a 9225:Reconstruction Treaties 9044:A Nation Under Our Feet 8992:From Slavery to Freedom 8822:Williams v. Mississippi 8806:United States v. Harris 8697:Great Sioux War of 1876 8636:Yazoo City Riot of 1875 8538:Battle of Liberty Place 8426:Crédit Mobilier scandal 8375:Alcorn State University 8314:Enforcement Act of 1870 8180:Articles of impeachment 8087:Indian Peace Commission 8005:Swing Around the Circle 7942:Freedmen's Bureau bills 7784:Seneca Falls Convention 6513:Radical Democracy Party 6464:Freedman's Savings Bank 6094:List of Old West lawmen 5972:Northfield Bank Robbery 5751:Regulator–Moderator War 5678:Anderson-McCluskie duel 4949:West Virginia coal wars 4892:Slocum Massacre of 1910 4670:Battle of Liberty Place 4556:Hartford coal mine riot 4346:East St. Louis massacre 4182:Scranton general strike 3974:Wars involving the U.S. 3811:Philippine–American War 3695:1960s ghetto rebellions 2949:"The Brooks—Baxter War" 2748:John, Reynolds (1917). 2291:"The Brooks–Baxter War" 828:, which relocated from 310:Battle of Liberty Place 9200:Forty acres and a mule 8923:Walter Lynwood Fleming 8708:United States v. Reese 8365:Second Enforcement Act 6595:Prohibition Convention 6327:Southern United States 6027:Jarbidge Stage Robbery 6002:Fairbank Train Robbery 5992:Wham Paymaster robbery 5831:Deschutes Railroad War 5806:Jaybird–Woodpecker War 5713:Higgins–Standifer duel 5613:Power's Cabin shootout 5603:Shootout in Sonoratown 5583:Canyon Diablo shootout 5518:Battle of Tres Jacales 5513:Battle of Stone Corral 5112:Colorado Coalfield War 4938:Tucker County Seat War 4874:Jaybird–Woodpecker War 4825:Battle of Depot Street 4188:1877 Shamokin uprising 4019:Conscientious objector 3921:First Libyan Civil War 3791:Second Fiji expedition 3771:Ivory Coast expedition 3705:1992 Los Angeles riots 3665:Colorado Coalfield War 3557:Listed chronologically 2874:Corbin, Henry (1903). 2671:"The Battle at Palarm" 2648:Arkansas Daily Gazette 2635:Arkansas Daily Gazette 2500:Shinn, Josiah (1903). 2402:Corbin, Henry (1903). 2236:Looney, J. W. (2016). 2163:Foster, Roger (1895). 1837:Harrell, John (1893). 1491: 1191: 1140:Little Rock Republican 1093: 1049: 998:William Meade Fishback 994:Arkansas Supreme Court 952: 942:Arkansas Daily Gazette 884:Little Rock Republican 814:University of Arkansas 794: 715: 706:Clayton administration 143:Commanders and leaders 128:“Minstrel” Republicans 9174:Civil rights movement 9110:The Birth of a Nation 8719:Centennial Exposition 8573:Black Hills Gold Rush 8488:Slaughter-House Cases 8360:Ku Klux Klan hearings 7838:General Order No. 143 6457:James Mitchell Ashley 6084:Further information: 6068:Rock Springs massacre 5982:Battle of Coffeyville 5906:San Elizario Salt War 5816:Brooks–McFarland feud 5781:Colorado Railroad War 5658:Duels of Tom Carberry 5563:Chinese Massacre Cove 5558:Battleground Gunfight 5463:Mussel Slough Tragedy 5458:Variety Hall shootout 5443:Battle of Bates Point 5433:Gunfight at Hide Park 5286:Rock Springs massacre 5221:Hells Canyon Massacre 5048:Mussel Slough Tragedy 5032:Anti-Chinese violence 4868:San Elizario Salt War 4789:Phoenix election riot 4747:Brooks–McFarland feud 4457:May Day riots of 1894 3989:Territorial evolution 3969:Conflicts in the U.S. 3891:Intervention in Haiti 3781:First Fiji expedition 2702:"Elhanan John Searle" 2650:, May 17, 1874, p. 4. 2637:, May 30, 1874, p. 4. 2633:"Bull and Bottaken." 2481:May 17, 2008, at the 2476:The Brooks-Baxter War 1489: 1408:President pro tempore 1389:George Henry Williams 1185: 1097:Brooks's legal battle 1084: 1044: 969:Liberal Republicans. 947: 791: 764:in 14 counties. 713: 567:Arkansas Constitution 257:Memphis riots of 1866 198:Casualties and losses 133:Republican opposition 124:Baxter administration 44:Reconstruction Period 8755:Electoral Commission 8631:Clifton Riot of 1875 8385:Treaty of Washington 8077:Tenure of Office Act 8035:National Labor Union 7750:American Indian Wars 6600:Electoral Commission 6590:Greenback Convention 6353:Free people of color 6293:Federal bureaucracy 6233:Moderate Republicans 5997:Black Bart Robberies 5771:Horrell–Higgins feud 5683:Canton–Dunn Shootout 5648:Hickok–Tutt Shootout 5638:Broderick–Terry duel 5578:Gunfight at Spokogee 5543:Hot Springs gunfight 5256:Seattle riot of 1886 4903:Houston riot of 1917 4759:Green Corn Rebellion 4692:Robert Charles riots 4628:French–Eversole feud 3851:Bay of Pigs Invasion 3806:Spanish–American War 3776:Mexican–American War 3700:Kent State shootings 3690:Puerto Rican revolts 3620:American Indian Wars 3036:1971 30(4): 315-336 3025:Thompson, George H. 2601:. February 11, 2018. 2141:Criminal Law Reports 1514:Winthrop Rockefeller 1064:By November 15, the 645:, marked the end of 529:Brooks–Baxter Affair 527:, also known as the 9104:D. W. Griffith 9089:The Leopard's Spots 8979:The American Crisis 8913:Columbia University 8880:The Prostrate State 8874:James Shepherd Pike 8791:Posse Comitatus Act 8714:Trader post scandal 8502:Coinage Act of 1873 8276:Black Friday (1869) 8124:Peonage Act of 1867 8102:Reconstruction Acts 8082:Command of Army Act 7817:Militia Act of 1862 6228:Radical Republicans 6176:Rutherford B. Hayes 6063:Hay Meadow massacre 6012:Big Springs Robbery 5936:Stuart's Stranglers 5886:Pleasant Valley War 5851:Colorado Labor Wars 5821:Reese–Townsend feud 5718:Western Code Duello 5703:Burton Mossman duel 5693:South Pass Shootout 5528:Gunfight at Morenci 5478:Battle of the Plaza 5438:Goingsnake massacre 5251:Tacoma riot of 1885 5106:Colorado Labor Wars 5007:Pleasant Valley War 4926:Lincoln County feud 4880:Reese–Townsend feud 3866:Invasion of Grenada 3861:Dominican Civil War 3018:Staples, Thomas S. 2990:on February 2, 2008 2914:Gillette, William. 2890:DeBlack, Thomas A. 2706:The Arkansas Lawyer 2681:on February 2, 2008 2503:History of Arkansas 2488:The Arkansas Times. 2473:Owings, Robert (). 1587:"Brooks-Baxter War" 1506:Augustus H. Garland 1196:Robert F. Catterson 1086:ANARCHY IN ARKANSAS 899:Lieutenant Governor 850:Liberal Republicans 700:Alvan Cullem Gillem 579:Reconstruction Acts 401:Reconstruction Era 357:History of Arkansas 172:Robert F. Catterson 9123:Gone with the Wind 8986:John Hope Franklin 8842:Disenfranchisement 8814:Plessy v. Ferguson 8798:Civil Rights Cases 8760:Compromise of 1877 8651:Wheeler Compromise 8568:Vicksburg massacre 8553:Timber Culture Act 8543:Coushatta massacre 8482:Timber Culture Act 8436:Star Route scandal 8319:Justice Department 8216:Georgia v. Stanton 8205:Opelousas massacre 7796:American Civil War 6605:Compromise of 1877 6307:Justice Department 6271:Federal judiciary 6150:Federal government 6135:Reconstruction era 6007:Gage Train Robbery 5946:Deep Creek murders 5931:Sheepshooters' War 5921:Fence Cutting Wars 5896:Colorado Range War 5876:Johnson County War 5856:Idaho labor strike 5786:Earp Vendetta Ride 5766:Sutton–Taylor feud 5756:Lincoln County War 5698:Walker–Graham duel 5588:Shootout in Benson 5573:Thibodaux massacre 5533:Blackwell gunfight 5508:Battle of Cimarron 5498:Hunnewell gunfight 5321:Fence Cutting Wars 5292:Johnson County War 5227:Sheepshooters' War 5197:Lincoln County War 5167:Deep Creek murders 5100:Colorado Range War 5070:Wheatland hop riot 5013:Bisbee Deportation 4886:Brownsville affair 4850:Sutton–Taylor feud 4676:Thibodaux massacre 4664:Coushatta massacre 4652:Opelousas massacre 4575:Barber–Mizell feud 4462:Akron riot of 1900 4307:Illinois coal wars 3906:War in Afghanistan 3876:Invasion of Panama 3871:Lebanese Civil War 3796:Formosa Expedition 3756:Second Barbary War 3710:2020 racial unrest 3645:Johnson County War 3640:Lincoln County War 3615:American Civil War 3610:Harpers Ferry raid 3585:Turner's Rebellion 2797:"Poland Committee" 2646:"Items in Brief." 2599:arkansasonline.com 2449:2010-07-11 at the 2438:2011-06-11 at the 2368:The New York Times 1979:2010-07-11 at the 1965:2007-10-23 at the 1932:Moneyhon, Carl H. 1522:William M. Rainach 1492: 1345:Memphis, Tennessee 1339:Brooks loses favor 1296:the New York Times 1192: 1103:U.S. Circuit Court 1094: 1077:Electoral disputes 1038:registration. The 978:American Civil War 798:the controversial 795: 716: 575:American Civil War 392:Territorial period 315:Vicksburg massacre 279:Barber–Mizell feud 273:Opelousas massacre 243:Reconstruction era 9367:Conflicts in 1874 9337:Brooks–Baxter War 9276: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9253: 9252: 9179:American frontier 9033:Kenneth M. Stampp 8850: 8849: 8692:Ellenton massacre 8533:Brooks–Baxter War 8282:Ex parte McCardle 8048:Ex parte Milligan 7937:Freedmen's Bureau 7853:National Bank Act 7731: 7730: 6566:Victoria Woodhull 6477: 6476: 6348:African Americans 6319:State governments 6302:Freedmen's Bureau 6101: 6100: 6073:Morewood massacre 6053:Lexington murders 5951:Spring Creek raid 5901:Colfax County War 5891:Castaic Range War 5776:Brooks–Baxter War 5708:Silks–Fultom duel 5653:Duels of Jim Levy 5598:Battle of Eufaula 5523:Battle of Ingalls 5488:Trinidad Gunfight 5375: 5374: 5350: 5349: 5298:Spring Creek raid 5191:Colfax County War 5054:Castaic Range War 4984: 4983: 4844:Early–Hasley feud 4550:Brooks–Baxter War 4497: 4496: 4478:Bay View massacre 4370:1894 Detroit riot 4365:1891 Detroit riot 4267: 4266: 4211:Lattimer massacre 4199:Morewood massacre 4042: 4041: 4004:Casualties of war 3836:Russian Civil War 3801:Korean Expedition 3746:First Barbary War 3625:Brooks–Baxter War 3580:Fries's Rebellion 3575:Whiskey Rebellion 3517: 3516: 3452:Brooks–Baxter War 3427: 3426: 3357:Terre Noire Creek 3255:Hill's Plantation 2867:4 (1945): 124–49. 2795:Pruden, William. 2573:978-0-89308-068-6 2249:978-1-61075-590-0 1969:. In Exhibition: 1626:978-1-61614-839-3 1446:of New York, and 1353:Elhanan J. Searle 1336: 1335: 1030:modern student." 964:Party Nominations 720:brigadier general 687:, Joseph Brooks, 525:Brooks–Baxter War 521: 520: 337: 336: 305:Brooks–Baxter War 240:Conflicts of the 207: 206: 113: 112: 65:by C.S.R. shows " 37:Brooks—Baxter War 18:Brooks-Baxter War 16:(Redirected from 9414: 9357:1874 in Arkansas 9317: 9316: 9305: 9304: 9303: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9284: 9136:Race and Reunion 9083:Thomas Dixon Jr. 8973:William R. Brock 8963:C. Vann Woodward 8950:W. E. B. Du Bois 8940:Charles A. Beard 8900:Claude G. Bowers 8859: 8858: 8682:Hamburg massacre 8661:Pratt & Boyd 8626:Mississippi Plan 8583:Anti-Moiety Acts 8578:Sanborn incident 8370:Ku Klux Klan Act 8041:Ex parte Garland 7848:Ten percent plan 7740: 7739: 6486: 6485: 6437:Thaddeus Stevens 6422:Republican Party 6415:Samuel J. Tilden 6405:Bourbon Democrat 6400:Democratic Party 6171:Ulysses S. Grant 6146: 6145: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6105: 6104: 5941:Hashknife Outfit 5881:Mason County War 5836:Boyce–Sneed feud 5796:Flynn–Doran feud 5761:Lee–Peacock feud 5746:Tutt–Everett War 5673:Mart Duggan duel 5608:Gleeson gunfight 5553:Gunfight in Moab 5402: 5395: 5388: 5379: 5378: 5355:Related articles 5267:Everett massacre 5261:Bellingham riots 4995: 4994: 4966:Greene–Jones War 4897:Boyce–Sneed feud 4862:Mason County War 4783:Hamburg massacre 4622:Rowan County War 4508: 4507: 4422:Camp Dump strike 4313:Battle of Virden 4295:Haymarket affair 4278: 4277: 4205:Homestead strike 4101: 4100: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4046: 4045: 3994:Military history 3953:Yemeni civil war 3886:Somali Civil War 3786:Second Opium War 3655:Homestead strike 3570:Shays' Rebellion 3544: 3537: 3530: 3521: 3520: 3505: 3504: 3495: 3494: 3402:Ashley's Station 3321:Devil’s Backbone 3230: 3229: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3117: 3116: 3111:Internet Archive 3089: 3068: 3057:10.2307/40025473 2999: 2997: 2995: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2911: 2887: 2857:(1879) pp 34–36 2842: 2839:Internet Archive 2818: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2792: 2779: 2778: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2644: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2557: 2546: 2545: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2527:Arkansas Gazette 2522: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2497: 2491: 2471: 2454: 2429: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2286: 2263: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2206: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2117:10.2307/40027606 2096: 2090: 2089: 2078:10.2307/40027606 2057: 2051: 2050: 2039:10.2307/40027606 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1993: 1984: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1929: 1920: 1919: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1866: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1834: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1754:10.2307/40027723 1733: 1727: 1726: 1713: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1631: 1630: 1612: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1585:Moneyhon, Carl. 1582: 1566: 1563: 1518:James D. Johnson 1436:Poland Committee 1430:Poland Committee 1396:General Assembly 1361:Benton, Arkansas 1332:"upwards of 40" 1301: 1300: 1211:Ulysses S. Grant 1136:Robert C. Newton 1025:General election 902:James M. Johnson 890:, complete with 639:state government 632:Ulysses S. Grant 595:disenfranchising 537:Republican Party 513: 506: 499: 483: 473: 472: 430:African American 367: 342: 341: 326:Hamburg massacre 246: 244: 233: 226: 219: 210: 209: 157:Robert C. Newton 75: 74: 58: 34: 33: 21: 9422: 9421: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9327: 9326: 9323: 9311: 9301: 9299: 9289: 9287: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9249: 9240:White supremacy 9183: 9142: 9130:David W. Blight 9058: 8968:Joel Williamson 8945:Howard K. Beale 8846: 8835:Giles v. Harris 8779: 8770:Desert Land Act 8743: 8670: 8597: 8521: 8507:Long Depression 8477:Colfax massacre 8460: 8441:Salary Grab Act 8409: 8348: 8329:Kirk–Holden war 8297: 8231: 8138: 8065: 7978: 7959:Shaw University 7898: 7884:Wade–Davis Bill 7872: 7821: 7727: 7681: 6703: 6657: 6611: 6491: 6473: 6410:Horatio Seymour 6336: 6320: 6313: 6161:Abraham Lincoln 6151: 6137: 6132: 6102: 6097: 6096: 6077: 6058:Bisbee massacre 6031: 5955: 5916:Porum Range War 5867: 5860: 5801:Gray County War 5741:County seat war 5722: 5629: 5622: 5503:Frisco shootout 5419: 5406: 5376: 5371: 5346: 5303: 5272: 5232: 5207: 5177: 5148: 5123: 5118:Ludlow Massacre 5081: 5018: 4980: 4954: 4907: 4830: 4794: 4764: 4727: 4717:Kirk–Holden war 4703: 4658:Colfax massacre 4633: 4608: 4585: 4561: 4536: 4493: 4466: 4432: 4408: 4379: 4351: 4340:Aldermen's wars 4263: 4237: 4193:Pittsburgh riot 4157: 4136:Mamaroneck riot 4122: 4090: 4073: 4043: 4038: 3957: 3816:Boxer Rebellion 3719: 3600:Bleeding Kansas 3558: 3551: 3548: 3518: 3513: 3483: 3438:Reconstruction 3423: 3406: 3392:Massard Prairie 3340: 3279: 3260:McGuire's Store 3221: 3183: 3162: 3157: 3122: 3097: 3092: 3086: 2993: 2991: 2962: 2960: 2937: 2935: 2850: 2848:Further reading 2845: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2793: 2782: 2769: 2765: 2746: 2742: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2645: 2641: 2632: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2615:. July 14, 2018 2611: 2610: 2606: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2558: 2549: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2498: 2494: 2483:Wayback Machine 2472: 2457: 2451:Wayback Machine 2440:Wayback Machine 2430: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2341: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2287: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2207: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2161: 2157: 2147: 2145: 2136: 2132: 2097: 2093: 2058: 2054: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1994: 1987: 1981:Wayback Machine 1967:Wayback Machine 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1867: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1835: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1795: 1791: 1784:Van Buren Press 1780: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1734: 1730: 1717:Clayton, Powell 1714: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1634: 1627: 1613: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1530: 1484: 1432: 1369:Colfax massacre 1349:John E. Bennett 1341: 1326:Brooks militia 1315:Baxter militia 1180: 1164:James G. Blaine 1131: 1099: 1079: 1027: 1011:Dandridge McRae 966: 961: 842: 782: 770:Kirk–Holden war 708: 681:Crawford County 677:Thomas M. Bowen 665:Southern states 660: 655: 589:– establishing 517: 462: 461: 425: 417: 416: 387:Pre-territorial 375: 351: 340: 339: 338: 333: 332: 300:Colfax massacre 289:Kirk–Holden war 247: 242: 239: 237: 167: 152: 135: 126: 101: 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9420: 9410: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9322: 9321: 9309: 9307:Modern history 9297: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9264: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9191: 9189: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9132: 9127: 9119: 9114: 9106: 9101: 9093: 9085: 9080: 9072: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9048: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9022: 9017: 9009: 9004: 8996: 8988: 8983: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8928:Dunning School 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8906:The Tragic Era 8902: 8897: 8889: 8884: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8863: 8862:Historiography 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6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6166:Andrew Johnson 6163: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6108: 6099: 6098: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5791:Dodge City War 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5668:Bull–Peel duel 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 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War 4853: 4847: 4840: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4822: 4819:Coal Creek War 4816: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4772: 4770:South Carolina 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4737: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4713: 4711: 4709:North Carolina 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4553: 4546: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4528: 4523: 4520:Eutaw massacre 4516: 4514: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4418: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4301:Pullman Strike 4298: 4292: 4286: 4284: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4132: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4109: 4107: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4072: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4009:Peace movement 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3660:Pullman Strike 3657: 3652: 3650:Coal Creek War 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3595:Dorr Rebellion 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3499: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3387:Old River Lake 3384: 3382:Jenkins’ Ferry 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3326:Ashley's Mills 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3245:Whitney's Lane 3242: 3236: 3234: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3114: 3113: 3104: 3096: 3095:External links 3093: 3091: 3090: 3084: 3069: 3051:(2): 172–175. 3040: 3030: 3023: 3016: 3009: 3000: 2975: 2969: 2944: 2919: 2912: 2895: 2888: 2871: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2810: 2780: 2763: 2740: 2723: 2692: 2661: 2652: 2639: 2626: 2604: 2586: 2572: 2547: 2532: 2517: 2492: 2455: 2419: 2394: 2382: 2371:. May 10, 1874 2354: 2339: 2327: 2312: 2264: 2255: 2248: 2228: 2221: 2192: 2180: 2155: 2130: 2091: 2052: 2013: 1985: 1950: 1921: 1914: 1894: 1854: 1812: 1789: 1774: 1728: 1697: 1674: 1632: 1625: 1604: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1483: 1480: 1472:Stephen Dorsey 1448:Jasper D. Ward 1440:Luke P. Poland 1431: 1428: 1420:James H. Berry 1416:J. G. Frierson 1340: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1255:James F. Fagan 1248:Belle of Texas 1179: 1176: 1130: 1127: 1098: 1095: 1090:New York Times 1078: 1075: 1026: 1023: 1003:James M. Hinds 965: 962: 960: 957: 868:Pulaski County 841: 838: 781: 778: 725:Pulaski County 714:Powell Clayton 707: 704: 659: 656: 654: 651: 647:Reconstruction 612:Powell Clayton 587:14th Amendment 585:to accept the 543:, who was the 519: 518: 516: 515: 508: 501: 493: 490: 489: 488: 487: 477: 464: 463: 460: 459: 454: 449: 444: 443: 442: 437: 426: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 414: 409: 408: 407: 399: 394: 389: 384: 376: 373: 372: 369: 368: 360: 359: 353: 352: 345: 335: 334: 331: 330: 329: 328: 318: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 286: 281: 276: 270: 264: 259: 253: 252: 249: 248: 236: 235: 228: 221: 213: 205: 204: 200: 199: 195: 194: 193:~1,000 militia 191: 190:~2,000 militia 187: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 177:James F. Fagan 174: 161: 160: 159: 145: 144: 140: 139: 130: 120: 119: 115: 114: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 89: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 51: 50: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9419: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9308: 9298: 9296: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9256: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9205:Habeas corpus 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9137: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9073: 9071: 9070:Winslow Homer 9068: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9028: 9027: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9002: 9001: 9000:After Slavery 8997: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8881: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8857: 8853: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8765:Nez Perce War 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8656:Delano affair 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8548:Red River War 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8512:Comstock laws 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8472:Panic of 1873 8470: 8469: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8217: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8194: 8191: 8188: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8141: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7964:New Departure 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7815: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7734: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708:Gubernatorial 6706: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Benjamin Wade 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6370:Carpetbaggers 6368: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6297:Edwin Stanton 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6124: 6122: 6117: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5736:Railroad Wars 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643:Sandbar Fight 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5593:Naco Gunfight 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5396: 5391: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5380: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5315:Railroad Wars 5313: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034:(1860s–1890s) 5033: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4913:West Virginia 4910: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4699: 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Ring 8608: 8558:White League 8532: 8494: 8486: 8334:Shoffner Act 8280: 8253: 8214: 8097:Pulaski riot 8046: 8039: 8027: 7775: 7767: 7759: 7603: 7595: 6490:Presidential 6452:John Bingham 6390:White League 6375:Ku Klux Klan 6142:Participants 5846:Bellevue War 5775: 5199:(1878; 1881) 4813:Pulaski riot 4549: 4163:Pennsylvania 4142:Orange Riots 4080:civil unrest 3841:World War II 3635:Hamburg riot 3624: 3507: 3472:Fayetteville 3451: 3377:Marks’ Mills 3296:Fayetteville 3074: 3048: 3044: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3012: 3003: 2992:. 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Hadley 930: 926:John McClure 922: 914:John Edwards 910:Thomas Boles 907: 896: 883: 880: 872: 864:White County 847: 843: 818:Fayetteville 810: 796: 783: 774: 766: 753: 749: 745: 741:Isaac Murphy 737: 717: 697: 693: 689:John McClure 674: 661: 636: 624: 616:U.S. Senator 607:Ku Klux Klan 583:rebel states 564: 528: 524: 522: 412:1900–present 404: 379: 304: 267:Pulaski riot 163: 148: 132: 123: 118:Belligerents 61: 60: 42:Part of the 29: 9038:Steven Hahn 8887:James Bryce 8446:Amnesty Act 7927:Black Codes 6616:U.S. Senate 6363:Politicians 6285:Waite Court 6280:Chase Court 6275:Taney Court 6157:Presidents 5328:(1870–1920) 5317:(1864–1912) 5294:(1889–1893) 5229:(1895–1906) 5193:(1873–1888) 5145:(1893–1894) 5114:(1913–1914) 5108:(1903–1904) 5056:(1890–1916) 5009:(1882–1892) 4951:(1912–1921) 4940:(1888–1893) 4928:(1878–1890) 4899:(1911–1912) 4882:(1898–1907) 4876:(1888–1889) 4870:(1877–1878) 4864:(1875–1876) 4852:(1868–1876) 4846:(1865–1869) 4821:(1891–1892) 4755:(1907–1909) 4749:(1896–1902) 4743:(1893–1894) 4698:Grabow riot 4630:(1887–1894) 4624:(1884–1887) 4533:(1892–1893) 4531:Mitcham War 4342:(1916–1921) 4309:(1898–1900) 4144:(1870–1871) 3896:Bosnian War 3856:Vietnam War 3831:World War I 3821:Banana Wars 3751:War of 1812 3462:Camp Nelson 3458:Cemeteries 3420:Ivey's Ford 3311:Brownsville 3301:Chalk Bluff 3250:St. Charles 3195:Little Rock 3174:Confederacy 2994:October 11, 2803:February 5, 2685:October 11, 1847:January 11, 1805:January 13, 1767:January 11, 1690:January 13, 1597:January 10, 1329:"about 30" 1200:Little Rock 1188:State House 982:Confederacy 834:Little Rock 830:Arkadelphia 762:martial law 685:James Hinds 670:Black Codes 317:(1874–1875) 95:New Gascony 91:Little Rock 9331:Categories 9164:Gilded Age 9020:Eric Foner 8724:Cattellism 8621:Red Shirts 7736:Key events 6662:U.S. House 6395:Red Shirts 6043:Gunfighter 5926:Sheep Wars 5326:Sheep wars 5238:Washington 5183:New Mexico 5143:Black Week 5024:California 4105:New Jersey 4034:War crimes 3901:Kosovo War 3846:Korean War 3826:Border War 3685:Bonus Army 3680:Tulsa riot 3670:Red Summer 3590:Mormon War 3417:Dardanelle 3397:Fort Smith 3352:Mount Elba 3336:Pine Bluff 3316:Bayou Meto 3167:Combatants 2716:October 8, 2510:October 6, 2412:October 6, 2375:January 7, 2173:October 6, 1545:References 1373:U. M. Rose 974:Batesville 824:; and the 729:registrars 653:Background 641:under the 573:after the 545:Republican 8784:Aftermath 8495:Virginius 8431:Modoc War 6482:Elections 6427:Stalwarts 6385:Redeemers 6184:Congress 5960:Robberies 5911:Pecos War 5630:showdowns 5628:Duels and 5425:Gunfights 5409:Gunfights 4800:Tennessee 4639:Louisiana 4319:Pana riot 4096:Northeast 4087:1865–1918 3741:Quasi-War 3630:Range War 3432:Aftermath 3275:Van Buren 3265:Cane Hill 3240:Pea Ridge 3205:Red River 3188:Campaigns 3015:Feb. 2000 2959:: 122–173 2908:301856914 2884:301856914 2301:: 122–173 1573:Citations 1550:Footnotes 1482:Aftermath 1268:columbiad 1259:billiards 892:blackface 859:Methodist 603:Unionists 599:Democrats 556:scalawags 457:By county 440:1957–1958 284:Lowry War 203:~200 dead 9319:Politics 9295:Arkansas 9262:Category 9230:Suffrage 8165:Timeline 6380:Scalawag 6358:Freedman 6036:See also 5417:Old West 5087:Colorado 4733:Oklahoma 4614:Kentucky 4542:Arkansas 4414:Nebraska 4385:Missouri 4357:Michigan 4282:Illinois 4128:New York 4024:Cold War 3941:Cameroon 3911:Iraq War 3881:Gulf War 3605:Utah War 3563:Domestic 3497:Category 3217:Missouri 3065:40025473 3038:in JSTOR 2938:July 19, 2904:ProQuest 2880:ProQuest 2869:in JSTOR 2619:July 25, 2579:July 15, 2479:Archived 2447:Archived 2436:Archived 2148:July 14, 2125:40027606 2086:40027606 2047:40027606 1977:Archived 1963:Archived 1887:July 19, 1762:40027723 1719:(1892). 1528:See also 1310:Wounded 1289:regiment 1284:flatboat 1171:demurrer 1123:telegram 1112:writ of 1035:Gazette. 986:Missouri 945:crowed: 854:populist 852:" and a 560:freedmen 548:governor 475:Category 452:Military 424:By topic 374:Timeline 348:a series 346:Part of 185:Strength 99:Arkansas 86:Location 67:Arkansas 48:Arkansas 9281:Portals 8855:Aspects 8254:Alabama 7920:Address 7743:Prelude 6699:1876–77 6694:1874–75 6689:1872–73 6684:1870–71 6679:1868–69 6674:1866–67 6669:1864–65 6653:1876–77 6648:1874–75 6643:1872–73 6638:1870–71 6633:1868–69 6628:1866–67 6623:1864–65 5415:in the 5278:Wyoming 4999:Arizona 4591:Georgia 4567:Florida 4512:Alabama 4273:Midwest 3962:Related 3724:Foreign 3508:Commons 3226:Battles 3109:at the 3029:(1976), 2963:June 8, 2824:Sources 2305:June 8, 2006:June 7, 1943:May 16, 1410:of the 1402:of the 1400:Speaker 1232:Gazette 1227:Masonic 1066:Gazette 1058:Gazette 1053:Gazette 1042:wrote: 1040:Gazette 990:treason 916:in the 757:inquest 628:militia 618:by the 558:" and " 447:Culture 381:By year 9147:Legacy 9139:(2001) 9126:(1939) 9113:(1915) 9100:(1905) 9092:(1902) 9079:(1876) 9063:Memory 9055:(2019) 9047:(2003) 9029:(1988) 9016:(1979) 9003:(1965) 8995:(1947) 8982:(1963) 8959:(1935) 8909:(1929) 8896:(1888) 8883:(1874) 8838:(1903) 8825:(1898) 8817:(1896) 8809:(1883) 8801:(1883) 8793:(1878) 8497:Affair 8256:Claims 7813:(1862) 7792:(1850) 7786:(1848) 7780:(1839) 7772:(1838) 7764:(1792) 6341:Others 6092:, and 6048:Cowboy 5308:Others 5300:(1909) 5288:(1885) 5269:(1916) 5263:(1907) 5223:(1887) 5213:Oregon 5169:(1896) 5139:(1874) 5129:Hawaii 5120:(1914) 5102:(1900) 5078:(1916) 5072:(1913) 5050:(1880) 5015:(1917) 4959:Others 4934:(1888) 4888:(1906) 4858:(1875) 4827:(1897) 4815:(1868) 4791:(1898) 4785:(1876) 4761:(1917) 4719:(1870) 4700:(1912) 4694:(1900) 4678:(1887) 4672:(1874) 4666:(1874) 4660:(1873) 4654:(1868) 4577:(1870) 4558:(1914) 4552:(1874) 4522:(1870) 4480:(1886) 4471:Others 4453:(1887) 4424:(1882) 4405:(1904) 4348:(1917) 4321:(1899) 4315:(1898) 4303:(1894) 4297:(1886) 4242:Others 4229:(1910) 4213:(1897) 4207:(1892) 4201:(1891) 4195:(1886) 4184:(1877) 4178:(1877) 4138:(1870) 3477:Helena 3306:Helena 3210:Camden 3082: 3063: 3007:online 2973:online 2906: 2882: 2859:online 2570: 2444:online 2246: 2219: 2123: 2084: 2045: 1974:online 1912: 1760: 1623: 1412:Senate 1357:quorum 577:. 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Brooks–Baxter War

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