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726:, commanding the 13th Regiment, to the city to protect the state government from violence. On January 4, 1875, Governor Kellogg requested his aid to eject men from the legislature who had not been certified by the Returning Board. Trobriand entered the state house with some men at the governor's request, and escorted the eight men out after they had each given speeches of objection. The Democrats never returned; they set up an alternate legislature meeting at the
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side of Canal Street, from the river to
Clayborne street. At 4 PM, a body of Metropolitan Police with cavalry and artillery, commanded by Longstreet, arrived at Canal Street and ordered the armed citizens to disperse. Once firing began, however, the police broke and the White League captured one piece of artillery. The White League then captured City Hall and the fire alarm telegraph and built a barricade along
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governor, meeting BG Henry Dibble at the executive office at noon. The governor refused to meet and considered the committee as representing now armed masses a menace. Marr declared that the masses were unarmed, but Dibble countered that while those on Canal Street may be unarmed, beyond there were armed bodies assembled for the same purpose.
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group submitted, insisting no show of force was necessary, but that they regarded
Louisiana as no longer a state, but as a province without a democratic government. Later that day a rumor spread that a group of as many as 2000 blacks intended to capture Treme station, but the disturbance was quelled. The
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was appointed provisional general of the "Louisiana State
Militia" (here representing the White League) by Penn and a statement was made to blacks in Louisiana that their rights and property should not be harmed. Already by 3 PM armed men were stationed at the intersection of all streets on the south
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caused the city to add a marker near the monument explaining that the inscription did not express current philosophy. After major construction work on Canal Street in 1989 required that the monument be temporarily removed, it was relocated to a less prominent location and the inscription was altered
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in April 1873, when a white militia attacked freedmen defending appointed
Republican officeholders. This action was also related to political tensions between whites and blacks. In Colfax, three whites and a total of 150 blacks were killed, at least 50 of the latter after having been taken prisoner.
475:. The insurgents held the statehouse, armory, and downtown for three days, retreating before arrival of federal troops that restored the elected government. At least 32 people, including at least 21 members of the White League, were killed in the fighting. No insurgents were charged in the action.
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met with opposition leaders McEnery, Penn, Marr, and Duncan F. Cage, guaranteeing the freedom from arrest of those involved in exchange for the restoration of the state administration, the return of arms from the state arsenal, and the resumption of the status before the outbreak of violence. The
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entered the city with a force of 5,000 to seat McEnery; they fought against 3,500 police and state militia for control. The White League defeated the state militia, inflicting dozens of casualties. The insurgents occupied the state house and armory for three days, with
Governor Kellogg finding
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Among the police killed were
Sergeant James McManus, Sergeant J. K. Champaign, Corporal J. F. Clermont, Officers J. Hill, E Simmonds, J. Schields, and H. Ballard. Among the White Leaguers killed were E. A. Toledano, Frederick Moreman, Dick Lindsey, Captain J. M. West, Major J. K Gourdain, and
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In response to a call for a mass meeting to protest against the seizure of arms of private citizens, men gathered on Canal Street around 10:00 Monday morning and a committee consisting of Robert H. Marr (chairman), Jules Tuyes, Samuel
Choppin, James B. Woods, and J. M. Seixas called upon the
588:, aligned with Kellogg and other Radical Republicans and in command of the government forces, was shot, possibly by a spent bullet, he fell or was pulled from his horse; some accounts have him being held prisoner by the insurrectionists afterwards, but this is unlikely.
659:, he had been living and working in New Orleans since the end of the war. Badger's leg was crushed when his horse was killed under him and he had his leg amputated. Many more were injured, including customs agent and future activist-historian
738:, and legislators effectively controlled only a small part of New Orleans. White Democrats outside the city supported Nicholls. Trobriand and his regiment stayed in the city until January 1877, when federal troops were withdrawn in the
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but was not involved in the initial conflict, while the White League held the portion of the city above the canal and massed around
Jackson Square and the St. Louis Hotel. Most of the barricades were made with street railroad cars.
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to commemorate and praise the insurrection from the
Democratic Party point of view, which at the time was in firm political control of the city and state and was in the process of disenfranchising most blacks. The white marble
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Governor
Warmoth had appointed the State Returning Board, which administered elections; it declared McEnery the winner. A rival board endorsed Kellogg, who had charged election fraud because of the violence and
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About 4:00 in the afternoon, self-proclaimed Lieutenant Governor D. B. Penn made a proclamation calling on the militia of the state to assemble "for the purpose of driving the usurpers from power".
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proposed removing the monument altogether and in December 2015 the New Orleans City Council voted to remove the monument, along with three others deemed a "nuisance" (statues of Gen.
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and the Reconstruction government. Although this government brought about greater equality and opportunity for blacks, white supremacists saw it as tyranny. In the election of 1872,
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Kellogg, Longstreet and others took refuge in the Custom House on the 14th and the 15th. By the 17th, federal forces were arriving and the situation had reversed, and General
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eventually certified Kellogg as the governor of the state. Similarly, Republican C. C. Antoine was certified lieutenant-governor over Democrat Davidson Bradfute Penn.
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became governor for the last 35 days of Warmoth's term. Both McEnery and Kellogg had inaugural parties and certified lists of appointed local officeholders. The
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sent federal troops there. The White League insurgents retreated from New Orleans before the federal troops arrived, and no one was prosecuted.
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sanctuary in the Custom House, which was federal property protected by a company of U.S. Army troops. When former Confederate general
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805:). The monument was removed on April 24, 2017, by workers with a police escort, due to threats made by supporters of the monument.
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714:. By September 21, the surrender was complete and the temporary police force in the city was replaced by the regular forces.
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black voting. The legislature impeached Warmoth and removed him from office for "stealing" the election. Lieutenant Governor
521:. Warmoth's opponents in the Republican Party remained loyal to President Grant, and supported the Republican Party nominee,
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Staff (September 22, 1874) "Louisiana the Conference between the Republican and Democratic Leaders Comes to Naught",
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to say "in honor of those Americans on both sides of the conflict." In July 2015, New Orleans mayor
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Staff (September 19, 1874) "Anarchy At The South. Result of Last Night's Fighting at New Orleans".
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1052:"New Orleans removes a tribute to 'the lost cause of the Confederacy' — with snipers standing by"
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015
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Staff (September 15, 1874) "The White Leaguers Make a Demonstration in New Orleans".
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867:"The battle of Liberty Monument - New Orleans, Louisiana white supremacist statue"
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The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution
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The "Battle of Liberty Place" was the name given to the insurrection by its
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and from that street to the canal. A company of federal troops protected
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1019:"Mitch Landrieu on Confederate landmarks: 'That's what museums are for'"
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In an earlier violent incident related to the disputed election, the
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This was the last major event of violence stemming from the disputed
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220:
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24:
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Attacks on government buildings and structures in the United States
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Kellogg wired for federal troops and, within three days, President
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513:, a Democrat, was supported by a coalition of Democrats and anti-
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Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866
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supporters, as part of their story of the struggle to overturn
1294:
United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction
533:
that took place at and near the polls, as Democrats tried to
467:
veterans, fought against the outnumbered racially integrated
16:
1874 attempted coup d'etat against Louisiana state government
760:
The monument in its original location on Canal Street, 1906
4062:
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
777:. In 1932, the city added an inscription that expressed a
730:
Hall in the city. They were committed to their candidate,
459:
at the time. Five thousand members of the White League, a
4271:
Technological and industrial history of the United States
897:
Longstreet: The Confederate General Who Defied the South
846:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p.251.
710:
were sent from their station in Key West under Admiral
322:
4367:
Riots and civil disorder during the Reconstruction Era
4231:
African American founding fathers of the United States
4133:
The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan
1299:
United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction
825:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
2805:
The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women
1092:"Confederate monument removal begins in New Orleans"
784:
In 1974, the rethinking of race relations after the
688:
was ordered to proceed to New Orleans under General
4357:
Coups d'Ă©tat and coup attempts in the United States
575:" legislature in New Orleans, then the location of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3056:Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866
2847:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act
4313:
918:
916:
914:
912:
647:journalist J. M. Cleet. Among those injured was
982:Vernhettes, Dan and Hanley, Peter (XXVII 2014)
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611:"Battle at the Customs House", an engraving in
3191:Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
3165:First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
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909:
308:
147:The "Louisiana Outrages", as illustrated in
899:New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.203-208
451:state government on September 14, 1874, in
1162:
1148:
571:In 1874, McEnery and his allies formed a "
315:
301:
4407:White American riots in the United States
3723:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
1016:
405:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
253:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4246:History of the United States (1865–1917)
1010:
755:
670:
620:
606:
559:
4402:Electoral violence in the United States
517:Republicans, including Republican Gov.
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3905:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era
2951:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
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1102:from the original on November 19, 2020
994:, pp.25–45. Accessed February 3, 2016
773:was placed at a prominent location on
655:; born in Boston and a veteran of the
4362:Riots and civil disorder in Louisiana
4190:Women's suffrage in the United States
2879:Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction
1143:
1134:Account of 2004 vandalism to monument
1072:from the original on October 31, 2020
296:
4322:1870s coups d'Ă©tat and coup attempts
3297:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
2985:Confederates surrender at Appomattox
2797:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1049:
864:
614:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
270:3,500 police officers and militiamen
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
4153:United Daughters of the Confederacy
3284:American Woman Suffrage Association
3279:National Woman Suffrage Association
3206:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson
1505:Women during the Reconstruction era
941:A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography
187:Louisiana state government victory
13:
4195:Labor history of the United States
3231:South Carolina readmitted to Union
3228:North Carolina readmitted to Union
3211:Impeachment managers investigation
3150:Constitutional conventions of 1867
2826:National Women's Rights Convention
1136:, New Orleans Indymedia, June 2004
1017:McClendon, Robert (July 8, 2015).
14:
4423:
3436:United States expedition to Korea
3143:Reconstruction military districts
1121:
801:and Confederate States President
2990:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
1284:African-American representatives
1128:Battle of Liberty Place Monument
945:Louisiana Historical Association
766:Battle of Liberty Place Monument
752:Battle of Liberty Place Monument
463:organization made up largely of
214:
141:
23:
4397:Military history of New Orleans
4347:Rebellions in the United States
3992:Black Reconstruction in America
3865:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
3775:1876 State of the Union Address
3702:1875 State of the Union Address
3629:1874 State of the Union Address
3553:1873 State of the Union Address
3492:1872 State of the Union Address
3441:1871 State of the Union Address
3380:1870 State of the Union Address
3329:1869 State of the Union Address
3324:First transcontinental railroad
3263:1868 State of the Union Address
3170:1867 State of the Union Address
3005:1865 State of the Union Address
2930:1864 State of the Union Address
2904:1863 State of the Union Address
2813:Woman in the Nineteenth Century
1084:
1043:
973:(Worcester, Massachusetts), p.5
722:Grant ordered General Philippe
653:New Orleans Metropolitan Police
469:New Orleans Metropolitan Police
34:needs additional citations for
4387:History of racism in Louisiana
3065:Petition for Universal Freedom
3046:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
997:
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963:
929:
889:
849:
836:
764:In 1891, the city erected the
552:occurred at the courthouse in
1:
4112:A Visit from the Old Mistress
3811:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
3677:Specie Payment Resumption Act
3302:Board of Indian Commissioners
3234:Louisiana readmitted to Union
3196:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
3060:Tennessee readmitted to Union
2894:Women's Loyal National League
1597:Straight-Out Democratic Party
1368:Confederate States of America
865:Reed, Adolf Jr. (June 1993).
830:
496:
3738:Battle of the Little Bighorn
3222:Arkansas readmitted to Union
3128:Knights of the White Camelia
3090:Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866
3036:New Orleans Massacre of 1866
3010:Founding of the Ku Klux Klan
2968:Special Field Orders No. 15
2791:Slavery in the United States
1050:Selk, Avi (April 24, 2017).
712:James Robert Madison Mullany
346:New Orleans massacre of 1866
7:
4382:19th century in New Orleans
4256:Race (human categorization)
3646:United States v. Cruikshank
3237:Alabama readmitted to Union
3225:Florida readmitted to Union
895:Varon, Elizabeth R. (2023)
808:
745:
480:1872 gubernatorial election
455:, which was the capital of
10:
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3457:General Mining Act of 1872
3426:New York custom house ring
3416:Meridian race riot of 1871
3360:Naturalization Act of 1870
1130:, Historic Marker Database
749:
717:
379:Meridian race riot of 1871
221:Louisiana State Government
4327:1874 in American politics
4293:
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4049:Been in the Storm So Long
3969:William Archibald Dunning
3929:The American Commonwealth
3897:
3890:
3819:
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3599:Election Massacre of 1874
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3307:Public Credit Act of 1869
3271:
3246:Fourth Reconstruction Act
3178:
3155:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
3105:
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2899:New York City draft riots
2869:Emancipation Proclamation
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1544:National Union Convention
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1289:Reconstruction Amendments
1279:African-American senators
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1007:(Chicago, Illinois), p.1.
937:"Badger, Algernon Sidney"
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58:"Battle of Liberty Place"
3765:Safe burglary conspiracy
3652:Civil Rights Act of 1875
3431:Civil service commission
3031:Memphis massacre of 1866
3026:Civil Rights Act of 1866
2842:Confiscation Act of 1862
2837:Confiscation Act of 1861
1592:Liberal Republican Party
1274:Conservative Republicans
924:Cincinnati Daily Gazette
815:Insurrection Act of 1807
666:
661:Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes
651:, superintendent of the
4261:Reconstruction Treaties
4080:A Nation Under Our Feet
4028:From Slavery to Freedom
3858:Williams v. Mississippi
3842:United States v. Harris
3733:Great Sioux War of 1876
3672:Yazoo City Riot of 1875
3574:Battle of Liberty Place
3462:Crédit Mobilier scandal
3411:Alcorn State University
3350:Enforcement Act of 1870
3216:Articles of impeachment
3123:Indian Peace Commission
3041:Swing Around the Circle
2978:Freedmen's Bureau bills
2820:Seneca Falls Convention
1549:Radical Democracy Party
1500:Freedman's Savings Bank
926:(Cincinnati, Ohio), p.1
842:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
426:Battle of Liberty Place
394:Battle of Liberty Place
124:Battle of Liberty Place
4236:Forty acres and a mule
3959:Walter Lynwood Fleming
3744:United States v. Reese
3401:Second Enforcement Act
1631:Prohibition Convention
1363:Southern United States
761:
686:22nd Infantry Regiment
676:
649:Algernon Sidney Badger
626:
618:
568:
493:both claimed victory.
430:Battle of Canal Street
238:Commanders and leaders
176:New Orleans, Louisiana
127:Battle of Canal Street
4372:September 1874 events
4342:Crimes in New Orleans
4210:Civil rights movement
4146:The Birth of a Nation
3755:Centennial Exposition
3609:Black Hills Gold Rush
3524:Slaughter-House Cases
3396:Ku Klux Klan hearings
2874:General Order No. 143
1493:James Mitchell Ashley
984:"The Desdunes Family"
855:Clodfelter, page 251.
786:Civil Rights Movement
759:
674:
624:
610:
563:
341:Memphis riots of 1866
275:Casualties and losses
166:September 14–17, 1874
3791:Electoral Commission
3667:Clifton Riot of 1875
3421:Treaty of Washington
3113:Tenure of Office Act
3071:National Labor Union
2786:American Indian Wars
1636:Electoral Commission
1626:Greenback Convention
1389:Free people of color
1329:Federal bureaucracy
1269:Moderate Republicans
675:Custom House in 1892
631:Frederick Nash Ogden
625:Frederick Nash Ogden
523:William Pitt Kellogg
491:William Pitt Kellogg
244:Frederick Nash Ogden
191:Rebellion suppressed
43:improve this article
4140:D. W. Griffith
4125:The Leopard's Spots
4015:The American Crisis
3949:Columbia University
3916:The Prostrate State
3910:James Shepherd Pike
3827:Posse Comitatus Act
3750:Trader post scandal
3538:Coinage Act of 1873
3312:Black Friday (1869)
3160:Peonage Act of 1867
3138:Reconstruction Acts
3118:Command of Army Act
2853:Militia Act of 1862
1264:Radical Republicans
1212:Rutherford B. Hayes
1057:The Washington Post
951:on October 13, 2010
732:Francis T. Nicholls
579:. The paramilitary
567:after the Civil War
432:, was an attempted
227:Metropolitan Police
4159:Gone with the Wind
4022:John Hope Franklin
3878:Disenfranchisement
3850:Plessy v. Ferguson
3834:Civil Rights Cases
3796:Compromise of 1877
3687:Wheeler Compromise
3604:Vicksburg massacre
3589:Timber Culture Act
3579:Coushatta massacre
3518:Timber Culture Act
3472:Star Route scandal
3355:Justice Department
3252:Georgia v. Stanton
3241:Opelousas massacre
2832:American Civil War
1641:Compromise of 1877
1343:Justice Department
1307:Federal judiciary
1186:Federal government
1171:Reconstruction era
1098:. April 24, 2017.
1024:The Times-Picayune
988:The Jazz Archivist
762:
736:Stephen B. Packard
724:RĂ©gis de Trobriand
677:
627:
619:
569:
543:federal government
539:P. B. S. Pinchback
445:Reconstruction Era
399:Vicksburg massacre
363:Barber–Mizell feud
357:Opelousas massacre
327:Reconstruction era
135:Reconstruction Era
4337:Conflicts in 1874
4332:1874 in Louisiana
4306:
4305:
4289:
4288:
4215:American frontier
4069:Kenneth M. Stampp
3886:
3885:
3728:Ellenton massacre
3569:Brooks–Baxter War
3318:Ex parte McCardle
3084:Ex parte Milligan
2973:Freedmen's Bureau
2889:National Bank Act
2767:
2766:
1602:Victoria Woodhull
1513:
1512:
1384:African Americans
1355:State governments
1338:Freedmen's Bureau
1005:Daily Inter Ocean
992:Tulane University
820:Brooks–Baxter War
799:P.G.T. Beauregard
779:white supremacist
698:and the gunboats
421:
420:
389:Brooks–Baxter War
324:Conflicts of the
291:
290:
197:
196:
128:
119:
118:
111:
93:
4419:
4377:James Longstreet
4172:Race and Reunion
4119:Thomas Dixon Jr.
4009:William R. Brock
3999:C. Vann Woodward
3986:W. E. B. Du Bois
3976:Charles A. Beard
3936:Claude G. Bowers
3895:
3894:
3718:Hamburg massacre
3697:Pratt & Boyd
3662:Mississippi Plan
3619:Anti-Moiety Acts
3614:Sanborn incident
3406:Ku Klux Klan Act
3077:Ex parte Garland
2884:Ten percent plan
2776:
2775:
1522:
1521:
1473:Thaddeus Stevens
1458:Republican Party
1451:Samuel J. Tilden
1441:Bourbon Democrat
1436:Democratic Party
1207:Ulysses S. Grant
1182:
1181:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1031:on July 10, 2015
1027:. Archived from
1014:
1008:
1001:
995:
980:
974:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
947:. Archived from
933:
927:
920:
907:
905:978-19821-4827-0
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
873:. Archived from
862:
856:
853:
847:
840:
681:William H. Emory
640:the custom house
593:Ulysses S. Grant
586:James Longstreet
577:state government
565:James Longstreet
519:Henry C. Warmoth
410:Hamburg massacre
330:
328:
317:
310:
303:
294:
293:
267:5,000 insurgents
255:
249:James Longstreet
219:
218:
217:
160:
159:
145:
126:
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120:
114:
107:
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100:
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92:
51:
27:
19:
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4418:
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4416:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4285:
4276:White supremacy
4219:
4178:
4166:David W. Blight
4094:
4004:Joel Williamson
3981:Howard K. Beale
3882:
3871:Giles v. Harris
3815:
3806:Desert Land Act
3779:
3706:
3633:
3557:
3543:Long Depression
3513:Colfax massacre
3496:
3477:Salary Grab Act
3445:
3384:
3365:Kirk–Holden war
3333:
3267:
3174:
3101:
3014:
2995:Shaw University
2934:
2920:Wade–Davis Bill
2908:
2857:
2763:
2717:
1739:
1693:
1647:
1527:
1509:
1446:Horatio Seymour
1372:
1356:
1349:
1197:Abraham Lincoln
1187:
1173:
1168:
1124:
1119:
1105:
1103:
1090:
1089:
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1075:
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1048:
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954:
952:
935:
934:
930:
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910:
894:
890:
880:
878:
871:The Progressive
863:
859:
854:
850:
841:
837:
833:
811:
803:Jefferson Davis
754:
748:
740:1877 compromise
720:
669:
601:
550:Colfax massacre
499:
489:and Republican
422:
417:
416:
384:Colfax massacre
373:Kirk–Holden war
331:
326:
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286:
281:
215:
213:
178:
150:Harper's Weekly
146:
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4019:
4011:
4006:
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3996:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3964:Dunning School
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3942:The Tragic Era
3938:
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3925:
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3901:
3899:
3898:Historiography
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3808:
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3777:
3772:
3770:1876 elections
3767:
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3375:1870 elections
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3345:15th Amendment
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3258:1868 elections
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3186:14th Amendment
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3097:1866 elections
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2925:1864 elections
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2722:U.S. elections
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971:National Aegis
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877:on 8 July 2012
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791:Mitch Landrieu
750:Main article:
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690:Irvin McDowell
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4036:After Slavery
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3801:Nez Perce War
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3584:Red River War
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3000:New Departure
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1744:Gubernatorial
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1483:Benjamin Wade
1481:
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1406:Carpetbaggers
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1333:Edwin Stanton
1331:
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806:
804:
800:
796:
795:Robert E. Lee
792:
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782:
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494:
492:
488:
485:
481:
476:
474:
473:state militia
470:
466:
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458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
438:Crescent City
435:
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427:
411:
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279:
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236:
231:State Militia
230:
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225:
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211:
209:
206:
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200:
190:
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185:
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113:
110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4412:White League
4308:
4281:Whitecapping
4251:Paramilitary
4224:Other topics
4205:Jim Crow era
4170:
4157:
4144:
4131:
4123:
4110:
4086:
4078:
4060:
4047:
4043:Leon Litwack
4034:
4026:
4013:
3990:
3954:John Burgess
3940:
3927:
3914:
3869:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3742:
3682:Whiskey Ring
3644:
3594:White League
3573:
3530:
3522:
3370:Shoffner Act
3316:
3289:
3250:
3133:Pulaski riot
3082:
3075:
3063:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2639:
2631:
1526:Presidential
1488:John Bingham
1426:White League
1411:Ku Klux Klan
1178:Participants
1110:– via
1104:. Retrieved
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:the original
1022:
1012:
1004:
999:
987:
978:
970:
965:
953:. Retrieved
949:the original
940:
931:
923:
896:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:the original
870:
860:
851:
843:
838:
783:
775:Canal Street
763:
721:
705:
699:
693:
678:
645:
628:
612:
602:
590:
581:White League
570:
554:Grant Parish
547:
531:intimidation
527:
511:John McEnery
500:
487:John McEnery
477:
461:paramilitary
443:against the
441:White League
434:insurrection
429:
425:
423:
393:
351:Pulaski riot
212:
208:White League
202:Belligerents
186:
148:
133:Part of the
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4074:Steven Hahn
3923:James Bryce
3482:Amnesty Act
2963:Black Codes
1652:U.S. Senate
1399:Politicians
1321:Waite Court
1316:Chase Court
1311:Taney Court
1193:Presidents
955:February 6,
728:Odd Fellows
507:Republicans
465:Confederate
453:New Orleans
401:(1874–1875)
4316:Categories
4200:Gilded Age
4056:Eric Foner
3760:Cattellism
3657:Red Shirts
2772:Key events
1698:U.S. House
1431:Red Shirts
831:References
657:Union Army
503:Democratic
497:Background
449:Republican
447:Louisiana
287:60 wounded
282:19 wounded
280:21+ killed
69:newspapers
3820:Aftermath
3531:Virginius
3467:Modoc War
1518:Elections
1463:Stalwarts
1421:Redeemers
1220:Congress
1066:0190-8286
457:Louisiana
368:Lowry War
285:11 killed
4298:Category
4266:Suffrage
3201:Timeline
1416:Scalawag
1394:Freedman
1100:Archived
1070:Archived
809:See also
746:Monument
695:Colorado
535:suppress
484:Democrat
262:Strength
171:Location
99:May 2017
3891:Aspects
3290:Alabama
2956:Address
2779:Prelude
1735:1876–77
1730:1874–75
1725:1872–73
1720:1870–71
1715:1868–69
1710:1866–67
1705:1864–65
1689:1876–77
1684:1874–75
1679:1872–73
1674:1870–71
1669:1868–69
1664:1866–67
1659:1864–65
1112:YouTube
1106:July 7,
1076:July 7,
1035:July 7,
797:, Gen.
771:obelisk
718:Results
707:Shawmut
436:by the
251: (
83:scholar
4183:Legacy
4175:(2001)
4162:(1939)
4149:(1915)
4136:(1905)
4128:(1902)
4115:(1876)
4099:Memory
4091:(2019)
4083:(2003)
4065:(1988)
4052:(1979)
4039:(1965)
4031:(1947)
4018:(1963)
3995:(1935)
3945:(1929)
3932:(1888)
3919:(1874)
3874:(1903)
3861:(1898)
3853:(1896)
3845:(1883)
3837:(1883)
3829:(1878)
3533:Affair
3292:Claims
2849:(1862)
2828:(1850)
2822:(1848)
2816:(1839)
2808:(1838)
2800:(1792)
1377:Others
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881:18 May
781:view.
701:Kansas
617:, 1874
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1062:ISSN
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901:ISBN
883:2010
704:and
573:rump
471:and
424:The
163:Date
154:1874
62:news
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1621:RNC
1616:DNC
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254:WIA
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2012:CT
2007:CA
1995:WV
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1985:TX
1980:PA
1975:OR
1970:NC
1965:MI
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1950:DE
1945:CT
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1094:.
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911:^
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