701:
of chronic bronchitis that can be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms or the clinical diagnosis of the disorder. Chronic bronchitis tends to affect men more often than women. While the primary risk factor for chronic bronchitis is smoking, there is still a 4–22% chance that non-smokers can get chronic bronchitis. This might suggest other risk factors such as the inhalation of fuels, dusts, fumes and genetic factor. In the United States, in 2016, 8.6 million people were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, and there were 518 reported deaths. Per 100,000 of population the death rate of chronic bronchitis was 0.2.
839:
325:
39:
575:
airways, thereby limiting airflow and accelerating the decline in lung function, and result in COPD. Excess mucus shows itself as a chronic productive cough and its severity and volume of sputum can fluctuate in periods of acute exacerbations. In COPD, those with the chronic bronchitic phenotype with associated chronic excess mucus, experience a worse quality of life than those without.
753:
become an increasingly popular diagnosis. The study had looked at various associations such as the weather, conditions at home, and at work, age of onset, childhood illnesses, smoking habits, and breathlessness. It was concluded that chronic bronchitis invariably led to emphysema, particularly when the bronchitis had persisted for a long time.
548:(COPD). Many people with chronic bronchitis have COPD; however, most people with COPD do not also have chronic bronchitis. Estimates of the number of people with COPD who have chronic bronchitis are 7–40%. Estimates of the number of people who smoke and have chronic bronchitis who also have COPD is 60%.
709:
The condition of bronchitis has been recognised for many centuries, in several different cultures including the
Ancient Greek, Chinese, and Indian, with the presence of excess phlegm and cough noted in recognition of the same condition. Early treatments of chronic bronchitis included garlic, cinnamon
700:
Chronic bronchitis affects about 3.4–22% of the general population. Individuals over 45 years of age, smokers, those that live or work in areas with high air pollution, and anybody with asthma all have a higher risk of developing chronic bronchitis. This wide range is due to the different definitions
680:
is a mucolytic recommended by NICE. GOLD also supports the use of some mucolytics that are advised against when inhaled corticosteroids are being used, and singles out erdosteine as having good effects regardless of corticosteroid use. Erdosteine also has antioxidant properties. Erdosteine has been
752:
A joint research programme was undertaken in
Chicago and London from 1951 to 1953 in which the clinical features of one thousand cases of chronic bronchitis were detailed. The findings were published in the Lancet in 1953. It was stated that since its introduction by Badham, chronic bronchitis had
578:
The increased secretions are initially cleared by coughing. The cough is often worse soon after awakening, and the sputum produced may have a yellow or green color and may be streaked with specks of blood. In the early stages, a cough can maintain mucus clearance. However, with continued excessive
574:
in response to long-term irritation. The mucous glands in the submucosa secrete more than the goblet cells. Mucins thicken mucus, and their concentration has been found to be high in cases of chronic bronchitis, and also to correlate with the severity of the disease. Excess mucus can narrow the
740:
In 1901 an article was published on the treatment of chronic bronchitis in the elderly. The symptoms described have remained unchanged. The cause was thought to be brought on by dampness, cold weather, and foggy conditions, and treatments were aimed towards various cough mixtures, respiratory
756:
In 1957 it was noted that at the time there were many investigations being carried out into chronic bronchitis and emphysema in general, and among industrial workers exposed to dust. Excerpts were published dating from 1864 in which
Charles Parsons had noted the occurring consequence of the
517:
Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases and the most common type of bronchitis. About 5% of adults are affected, and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. It occurs more often in the winter. More than 10 million people in the US visit a doctor each year for this
309:
Acute bronchitis is one of the more common diseases. About 5% of adults and 6% of children have at least one episode a year. Acute bronchitis is the most common type of bronchitis. By contrast in the United States, in 2018, 9.3 million people were diagnosed with the less common chronic
611:, or irritating fumes or dust from hazardous exposures in occupations such as coal mining, grain handling, textile manufacturing, livestock farming, and metal moulding may also be a risk factor for the development of chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis caused in this way is often referred to as
444:
Another common sign of bronchitis is a cough which lasts ten days to three weeks. If the cough lasts for longer than a month, it may become chronic bronchitis. In addition, a fever may be present. Acute bronchitis is normally caused by a viral infection. Typically, these infections are
668:(sudden worsenings) of chronic bronchitis, and otherwise stable chronic bronchitis. Stable chronic bronchitis can be defined as the normal definition of chronic bronchitis, plus the absence of an acute exacerbation in the previous four weeks. A Cochrane review found that
2002:
364:, and chest discomfort. Fever when present is mild. The infection may last from a few to ten days. The cough may persist for several weeks afterwards, with the total duration of symptoms usually around three weeks. Symptoms may last for up to six weeks.
416:
Diagnosis is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms. The color of the sputum does not indicate if the infection is viral or bacterial. Determining the underlying organism is usually not required. Other causes of similar symptoms include
858:
or the short, softer mucus plugs seen in some people with asthma. However, some people with asthma have larger, firmer, and more complex plugs. These differ from the casts seen in people whose plastic bronchitis is associated with
849:
is a rarely found condition in which thickened secretions plug the bronchi. The plugs are rubbery or plastic-feeling (thus the name). The light-colored plugs take the branching shape of the bronchi that they fill, and are known as
588:
4186:
4155:
1355:
Reilly, John J.; Silverman, Edwin K.; Shapiro, Steven D. (2011). "Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". In Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph (eds.).
2371:
Vestbo, J.; Hurd, S. S.; Agustí, A. G.; Jones, P. W.; Vogelmeier, C.; Anzueto, A.; Barnes, P. J.; Fabbri, L. M.; Martinez, F. J.; Nishimura, M.; Stockley, R. A.; Sin, D. D.; Rodriguez-Roisin, R. (2013).
555:
are often associated with COPD, neither is needed to make the diagnosis. A Chinese consensus commented on symptomatic types of COPD that include chronic bronchitis with frequent exacerbations.
896:
spectrum of diseases, in which the bronchi are specifically subject to a fungal infection. This differs from the other pulmonary aspergillosis conditions, in that it need not affect just the
729:, published in 1808. In this book, Badham distinguished three forms of bronchitis, including acute and chronic. A second, expanded edition of the book was published in 1814 with the title
583:
depends on airway hydration, ciliary beating, and the rates of mucin secretion. Each of these factors is impaired in chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis can lead to a higher number of
749:
a week before. Campbell had suggested that the cause of chronic bronchitis was due to toxic substances, and recommended pure air, simple food, and exercise to remove them from the body.
741:
stimulants, and tonics. It was noted that something other than the weather was thought to be at play. Exacerbations of the condition were also described at this time. Another physician
551:
The term "chronic bronchitis" was used in previous definitions of COPD but is no longer included in the definition. The term is still used clinically. While both chronic bronchitis and
46:
Figure A shows the location of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Figure B is an enlarged view of a normal bronchial tube. Figure C is an enlarged view of a bronchial tube with bronchitis.
874:
Casts obstruct the airflow, and can result in the overinflation of the opposite lung. Plastic bronchitis usually occurs in children. Some cases may result from abnormalities in the
757:
development of emphysema from bronchitis. This was seen to be not always applicable. His findings were in association with his studies on chronic bronchitis among pottery workers.
2922:
Szczyrek, M; Krawczyk, P; Milanowski, J; Jastrzebska, I; Zwolak, A; Daniluk, J (2011). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in farmers and agricultural workers-an overview".
4710:
665:
469:
One form of prevention is to avoid smoking and other lung irritants. Frequent hand washing may also be protective. Treatment for acute bronchitis usually involves rest,
2742:
676:
is a safe and effective treatment for stable chronic bronchitis. This has an advantage in that it is available as an extended use tablet which lasts for twelve hours.
1020:"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
3083:
3749:"Terminology, Definitions, and Classification of Chronic Pulmonary Emphysema and Related Conditions: A Report of the Conclusions of a Ciba Guest Symposium"
186:. Bronchitis usually begins as an infection in the nose, ears, throat, or sinuses. The infection then makes its way down to the bronchi. Symptoms include
518:
condition, with about 70% receiving antibiotics which are mostly not needed. There are efforts to decrease the use of antibiotics in acute bronchitis.
3001:
2436:
1781:
1258:
1443:
Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J (September 2007).
630:
contributing to bronchial symptoms. Sulfur dioxide can cause inflammation which can aggravate chronic bronchitis and make infections more likely.
4329:
1001:
603:. Chronic bronchitis in young adults who smoke is associated with a greater chance of developing COPD. There is an association between smoking
5174:
2657:"The Role of Guaifenesin in the Management of Chronic Mucus Hypersecretion Associated with Stable Chronic Bronchitis: A Comprehensive Review"
5412:
1169:
1293:
1018:
Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012).
682:
4929:
1760:
4953:
4725:
2770:"Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema"
2374:"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary"
2232:
The more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis.
2188:
1445:"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary"
216:
usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, and is also known as a chest cold. In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a
3108:
3036:
110:
2281:"Management of airway mucus hypersecretion in chronic airway inflammatory disease: Chinese expert consensus (English edition)"
220:. These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. A small number of cases are caused by a
4700:
4302:
4002:
3172:
1365:
1132:
545:
527:
267:
2746:
2706:
481:
has little support for its use, and is not recommended in children under the age of six. There is tentative evidence that
5386:
5169:
4924:
4322:
2819:
2724:
1977:
1328:
249:
2516:
5179:
4975:
2552:
681:
shown to significantly reduce the risk of exacerbations, shorten their duration, and hospital stays. In those with the
5376:
5156:
4656:
4351:
4346:
3797:
3190:"The impact of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation"
3134:
2420:
2256:
2071:
579:
secretion mucus clearance is impaired, and when the airways become obstructed a cough becomes ineffective. Effective
266:– that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. Many people with chronic bronchitis also have
544:
since it often results from smoking. When chronic bronchitis occurs together with decreased airflow it is known as
2018:
Chronic bronchitis becomes chronic obstructive bronchitis if spirometric evidence of airflow obstruction develops.
1558:
5120:
3160:
Fauci, Anthony S.; Daniel L. Kasper; Dan L. Longo; Eugene
Braunwald; Stephen L. Hauser; J. Larry Jameson (2008).
1659:
5391:
4857:
4315:
2204:
The more familiar terms "chronic bronchitis" and "emphysema" have often been used as labels for the condition.
4965:
686:
540:
that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. The cough is sometimes referred to as a
5164:
5115:
4948:
4886:
3005:
2176:
with CB by symptoms (18.9%), approximately 60% had COPD (i.e., had also airflow obstruction on spirometry)
5417:
5125:
1785:
868:
584:
1254:
830:. Protracted bacterial bronchitis (lasting more than 4 weeks) in children may be helped by antibiotics.
505:
to help with symptoms. Getting plenty of rest and drinking enough fluids are often recommended as well.
5311:
742:
718:
4021:
Panchabhai, TS; Mukhopadhyay, S; Sehgal, S; Bandyopadhyay, D; Erzurum, SC; Mehta, AC (November 2016).
3851:
Craven, V; Everard, ML (January 2013). "Protracted bacterial bronchitis: reinventing an old disease".
2848:"Effect of cannabis smoking on lung function and respiratory symptoms: a structured literature review"
5184:
4809:
4783:
4508:
4409:
1399:
765:
616:
3280:"Role of guaifenesin in the management of chronic bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections"
672:
in chronic bronchitis may slightly decrease the chance of developing an exacerbation. The mucolytic
4960:
4788:
4773:
4766:
4671:
4632:
4579:
4557:
4515:
4443:
4209:
1848:
Becker, Lorne A.; Hom, Jeffrey; Villasis-Keever, Miguel; van der Wouden, Johannes C. (2015-09-03).
1288:
814:
658:
634:
291:
4939:
3661:
Oswald, NC; Harold, JT; Martin, WJ (26 September 1953). "Clinical pattern of chronic bronchitis".
591:
lists chronic bronchitis with emphysema (emphysematous bronchitis) as a "certain specified COPD".
5088:
4730:
4646:
4521:
3231:"Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
1801:"Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings"
860:
782:
777:
377:
4070:
2373:
768:
in 1962, defined chronic bronchitis as a component of COPD, in the terms that have not changed.
5214:
5067:
5028:
4943:
4896:
4595:
4438:
2951:"Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation"
2048:
Chronic bronchitis ... is very often secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
1394:
820:
805:
4249:
3992:
3943:
Kamaltynova, E. M.; Krivoshchekov, E. V.; Yanulevich, O. S.; Kavardakova, E. S. (2017-08-11).
2061:
1165:
4476:
4448:
3701:"A house-surgeon's observations on bronchitis in North Staffordshire pottery workers in 1864"
3159:
1604:
995:
826:
714:, among others. Modern treatments were developed during the second half of the 20th century.
580:
398:
226:
1444:
5093:
5045:
5033:
4847:
4805:
4404:
734:
559:
404:
232:
3455:
8:
5361:
5328:
5074:
5023:
4651:
4471:
4338:
4263:
4260:
4190:
2437:"New Insights on Chronic Bronchitis:Diagnostic Test and Better Treatments on the Horizon"
1507:"Chronic cough due to acute bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines"
533:
357:
221:
195:
138:
5219:
5084:
5040:
4872:
4793:
4720:
4590:
4047:
4022:
3920:
3895:
3876:
3773:
3748:
3725:
3700:
3635:
3618:
3592:
3565:
3439:
3406:
3382:
3355:
3306:
3279:
3255:
3230:
2977:
2950:
2872:
2847:
2796:
2769:
2683:
2656:
2629:
2604:
2524:. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 25 November 2020. p. 106
2493:
2468:
2307:
2280:
2162:
2137:
2113:
2088:
1951:
1926:
1882:
1849:
1825:
1800:
1731:
1690:
1586:
1531:
1506:
1482:
1417:
1382:
1233:
1044:
1019:
846:
121:
3961:
3944:
3674:
2216:
1408:
1035:
733:. Badham used the term catarrh to refer to the cardinal symptoms of chronic cough and
5341:
4585:
4414:
4375:
4307:
4220:
4111:
4052:
3998:
3966:
3925:
3868:
3864:
3830:
3793:
3730:
3678:
3640:
3597:
3543:
3526:
Fishman AP (May 2005). "One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease".
3508:
3470:
3426:
3387:
3311:
3260:
3211:
3168:
3028:
2982:
2931:
2904:
2877:
2801:
2688:
2634:
2585:
2548:
2498:
2416:
2393:
2350:
2312:
2252:
2167:
2118:
2067:
2039:
1956:
1887:
1869:
1830:
1736:
1718:
1578:
1536:
1474:
1422:
1361:
1297:
1225:
1111:
1049:
983:
963:
928:
897:
646:
506:
283:
207:
105:
4203:
4199:
4195:
3880:
3026:
1590:
1486:
1237:
785:
is a chronic dry cough, defined by the presence of an increased number of a type of
5284:
5277:
5141:
5062:
4901:
4837:
4686:
4101:
4042:
4034:
3956:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3860:
3822:
3768:
3760:
3720:
3712:
3670:
3630:
3587:
3577:
3535:
3500:
3434:
3418:
3377:
3367:
3301:
3291:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3201:
2972:
2962:
2867:
2859:
2791:
2781:
2678:
2668:
2624:
2616:
2577:
2488:
2480:
2385:
2342:
2302:
2292:
2157:
2149:
2108:
2100:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1570:
1526:
1518:
1464:
1456:
1412:
1404:
1215:
1039:
1031:
975:
875:
786:
623:
571:
319:
259:
213:
203:
59:
4106:
3058:
2673:
2153:
1714:
1522:
727:
Observations on the inflammatory affections of the mucous membrane of the bronchiæ
5306:
5258:
5146:
5097:
5018:
4934:
4742:
4294:
4214:
3422:
3206:
3189:
2547:. Mosby (Elsevier). Chapter 33: Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, and Cystic Fibrosis.
1301:
737:
of chronic bronchitis, and described chronic bronchitis as a disabling disorder.
669:
600:
373:
271:
4038:
3826:
3372:
2104:
2031:
461:. No specific testing is normally needed in order to diagnose acute bronchitis.
5244:
4906:
4817:
4737:
4547:
4542:
4290:
4225:
3539:
3329:
2484:
2389:
1905:
879:
654:
627:
478:
430:
303:
299:
295:
4281:
3296:
2620:
1460:
493:
should generally not be used. An exception is when acute bronchitis is due to
5406:
5336:
5050:
4761:
3970:
3942:
3813:
Goldsobel, AB; Chipps, BE (March 2010). "Cough in the pediatric population".
3430:
2518:
Global
Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of COPD: 2021 Report
2089:"Clinical Epidemiology of COPD: Insights From 10 Years of the COPDGene Study"
1873:
1722:
1574:
1283:
1220:
1203:
892:
608:
454:
426:
389:
381:
275:
241:
237:
217:
20:
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4172:
4168:
4164:
3994:
Rare and Orphan Lung
Diseases, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, E-Book
3582:
2863:
2786:
1850:"Beta2-agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis"
1632:
1099:
854:. When these casts are coughed up, they are firmer in texture from typical
537:
5273:
5226:
4611:
4563:
4432:
4115:
4056:
3929:
3872:
3834:
3734:
3682:
3644:
3601:
3547:
3474:
3407:"The chronic bronchitis phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
3391:
3315:
3264:
3215:
2986:
2935:
2908:
2881:
2805:
2692:
2638:
2589:
2581:
2502:
2397:
2354:
2316:
2171:
2122:
2043:
1960:
1891:
1834:
1740:
1582:
1540:
1478:
1426:
1229:
1115:
1053:
987:
838:
333:
4089:
3512:
2346:
721:
was the first person to describe the condition and name the acute form as
5371:
5318:
5301:
5296:
5249:
5204:
5055:
5003:
4970:
4842:
4571:
4503:
4466:
4421:
4356:
4299:
4286:
4244:
4020:
3945:"Plastic bronchitis associated with corrected cardiac anomaly in a child"
3764:
3716:
2297:
979:
689:
673:
622:
Air quality can also affect the respiratory system with higher levels of
567:
502:
470:
438:
287:
245:
114:
2967:
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4827:
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4426:
4391:
4366:
2999:
864:
809:
790:
677:
650:
490:
482:
450:
446:
199:
4147:
3504:
2895:
Pfeifer, A (May 2006). "Pulmonary consequences of marijuana smoking".
1847:
1469:
804:
in children, is defined as a chronic productive cough with a positive
5366:
4998:
4867:
4862:
4832:
4383:
4255:
2921:
552:
494:
458:
422:
2003:"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - Pulmonary Disorders"
1689:
Smith, Susan M.; Fahey, Tom; Smucny, John; Becker, Lorne A. (2017).
5381:
5266:
4666:
4399:
3491:
Ziment I (1991). "History of the treatment of chronic bronchitis".
1660:"Summary Health Statistics: National Health Interview Survey, 2018"
761:
604:
393:
353:
337:
279:
175:
4071:"Aspergillus bronchitis | Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website"
3188:
Willemse, BW; Postma, DS; Timens, W; ten Hacken, NH (March 2004).
871:
are present in the asthma-associated casts but not in the others.
793:. It has a normal finding on X-ray and has no airflow limitation.
4619:
4495:
348:, that may or may not produce sputum. Other symptoms may include
274:
is the most common cause, with a number of other factors such as
3894:
Marchant, JM; Petsky, HL; Morris, PS; Chang, AB (31 July 2018).
645:
Decline in lung function in chronic bronchitis may be slowed by
4716:
4529:
4458:
4159:
2568:
Foster, W (2002). "Mucociliary transport and cough in humans".
855:
711:
486:
474:
418:
349:
263:
191:
187:
134:
3570:
International
Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
3187:
2955:
International
Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2469:"Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
2285:
International
Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
4537:
3278:
Albrecht, H. H.; Dicpinigaitis, P. V.; Guenin, E. P. (2017).
3027:
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (2012).
1330:
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD
563:
498:
361:
345:
324:
183:
130:
126:
38:
3229:
Poole, Phillippa; Sathananthan, K; Fortescue, R (May 2019).
607:
and chronic bronchitis. In addition, chronic inhalation of
332:
Acute bronchitis, also known as a chest cold, is short term
4486:
3277:
1380:
434:
385:
341:
179:
80:
71:
3528:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
3228:
2378:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
68:
4277:
3893:
3417:(2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 133–141.
3059:"Industrial bronchitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
2655:
Ohar, JA; Donohue, JF; Spangenthal, S (23 October 2019).
566:. The excess mucus is produced by an increased number of
244:. Treatment of acute bronchitis typically involves rest,
86:
1978:"ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
1925:
Jiang, Lanhui; Li, Ka; Wu, Taixiang (15 February 2012).
4023:"Plugs of the Air Passages: A Clinicopathologic Review"
1017:
812:. Protracted bacterial bronchitis is usually caused by
633:
Air pollution in the workplace is the cause of several
4337:
3493:
Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases
2821:
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
2654:
1906:"Acute Bronchitis | Bronchitis Symptoms | MedlinePlus"
1799:
Smith, SM; Schroeder, K; Fahey, T (24 November 2014).
1688:
1657:
1354:
3991:
Kotloff, Robert; McCormack, Francis X. (2016-08-16).
2948:
2370:
1442:
649:. Chronic bronchitis may be treated with a number of
489:; however, it may result in nervousness and tremors.
89:
77:
4137:
1381:
Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M (April 2012).
83:
65:
62:
4088:Kosmidis, Chris; Denning, David W. (1 March 2015).
2333:Voynow, J (Feb 2009). "Mucins, mucus, and sputum".
1798:
74:
4090:"The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis"
3660:
3163:Chapter 254. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
878:. Advanced cases may show imaging similarities to
796:
3896:"Antibiotics for prolonged wet cough in children"
3353:
2924:Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
2745:. American Lung Association. 2012. Archived from
1249:
1247:
863:or lymphatic vessel abnormalities mainly because
5404:
3990:
3029:"Respiratory Diseases Input: Occupational Risks"
3000:National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (2009).
2767:
1559:"The management of acute bronchitis in children"
4087:
3812:
3004:. National Institutes of Health. Archived from
2029:
1651:
1360:(18th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 2151–9.
962:Wenzel, RP; Fowler AA, 3rd (16 November 2006).
961:
599:Most cases of chronic bronchitis are caused by
3997:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 405–408.
3035:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2768:Forey, BA; Thornton, AJ; Lee, PN (June 2011).
2189:"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)"
2063:COPD: Heterogeneity and Personalized Treatment
1927:"Chinese medicinal herbs for acute bronchitis"
1658:Villarroel, MA; Blackwell, DL; Jen, A (2019),
1627:
1625:
1244:
16:Inflammation of the large airways in the lungs
4323:
3850:
3846:
3844:
2949:Fischer, BM; Pavlisko, E; Voynow, JA (2011).
2725:"ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
2707:"ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
2542:
2328:
2326:
1776:
1774:
1556:
1201:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1684:
1682:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
619:. Rarely genetic factors also play a role.
3900:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3613:
3611:
3235:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2543:Cohen, Jonathan; Powderly, William (2004).
2366:
2364:
1854:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1805:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1695:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1622:
1552:
1550:
1438:
1436:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1000:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
587:and a faster decline in lung function. The
282:playing a smaller role. Treatments include
4330:
4316:
3841:
3790:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
3781:
3698:
3356:"Mucus, Microbiomes and Pulmonary Disease"
3165:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
3153:
3109:"Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health"
2462:
2460:
2458:
2410:
2404:
2323:
2135:
2023:
1771:
1637:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1374:
1358:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
1278:
1276:
1137:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
771:
378:air when people cough or by direct contact
372:In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a
37:
4930:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
4105:
4046:
3960:
3919:
3772:
3724:
3656:
3654:
3634:
3591:
3581:
3486:
3484:
3438:
3404:
3381:
3371:
3305:
3295:
3254:
3205:
2976:
2966:
2871:
2795:
2785:
2682:
2672:
2628:
2492:
2466:
2306:
2296:
2161:
2136:Dotan, Y; So, JY; Kim, V (9 April 2019).
2112:
1972:
1970:
1950:
1924:
1881:
1824:
1747:
1730:
1679:
1530:
1493:
1468:
1416:
1398:
1219:
1204:"Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy"
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1143:
1127:
1125:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1043:
1013:
1011:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
885:
4016:
4014:
3806:
3608:
3559:
3557:
3453:
3271:
3181:
3167:(17th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
2812:
2509:
2361:
2242:
2240:
2030:Widysanto, A; Mathew, G (January 2019).
1597:
1547:
1433:
1348:
1314:
1202:Tackett, KL; Atkins, A (December 2012).
910:
837:
764:) meeting in 1959, and a meeting of the
692:may decrease significant exacerbations.
323:
178:(large and medium-sized airways) in the
4954:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
4705:
3694:
3692:
3525:
3519:
3405:Kim, Victor; Criner, Gerard J. (2015).
3354:Meldrum OW, Chotirmall SH (June 2021).
3347:
3051:
2894:
2845:
2699:
2650:
2648:
2455:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2181:
2138:"Chronic Bronchitis: Where Are We Now?"
2086:
1931:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1383:"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
1273:
745:was referred to who had written in the
376:. These viruses may spread through the
255:
5405:
3705:British Journal of Industrial Medicine
3651:
3490:
3481:
3284:Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine
2717:
2661:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
2567:
2332:
2142:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
1967:
1557:Fleming, DM; Elliot, AJ (March 2007).
1504:
1184:
1133:"Antibiotics Aren't Always the Answer"
1122:
1060:
1008:
946:
4311:
4011:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3787:
3563:
3554:
3411:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
3039:from the original on 20 December 2012
2942:
2852:npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine
2602:
2596:
2246:
2237:
1784:. NIH. August 4, 2011. Archived from
1758:
964:"Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis"
890:Aspergillus bronchitis is one of the
833:
637:(NCDs) including chronic bronchitis.
546:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
528:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
521:
392:. A small number of cases are due to
268:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3741:
3689:
3398:
2735:
2645:
2278:
2265:
683:chronic bronchitic phenotype of COPD
664:A distinction has been made between
250:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
5387:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
4081:
3322:
2059:
1995:
1097:
968:The New England Journal of Medicine
441:may be useful to detect pneumonia.
380:. Risk factors include exposure to
313:
236:. Risk factors include exposure to
13:
5413:Chronic lower respiratory diseases
4976:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
4339:Diseases of the respiratory system
4063:
3977:
2743:"Understanding Chronic Bronchitis"
2536:
1782:"How Can Bronchitis Be Prevented?"
1765:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
1691:"Antibiotics for acute bronchitis"
842:Plastic bronchitis bronchial casts
14:
5429:
4133:
3962:10.20538/1682-0363-2017-2-180-186
3463:National Vital Statistics Reports
1563:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
1261:from the original on 2 April 2015
1172:from the original on 2 April 2015
695:
252:(NSAIDs) to help with the fever.
3865:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302760
3853:Archives of Disease in Childhood
3194:The European Respiratory Journal
3002:"Who Is at Risk for Bronchitis?"
2413:Principles of Pulmonary Medicine
558:Chronic bronchitis is marked by
58:
3936:
3887:
3629:(786): 48–49. 19 October 1901.
3454:Kochanek, Kenneth (June 2016).
3447:
3222:
3127:
3101:
3076:
3020:
2993:
2915:
2888:
2839:
2761:
2561:
2429:
2209:
2129:
2080:
2053:
2007:MSD Manual Professional Edition
1918:
1898:
1841:
1792:
802:Protracted bacterial bronchitis
797:Protracted bacterial bronchitis
534:lower respiratory tract disease
512:
344:. The most common symptom is a
302:. Some people may benefit from
5392:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
3912:10.1002/14651858.CD004822.pub3
3247:10.1002/14651858.CD001287.pub6
2467:Kim, V; Criner, G (Feb 2013).
1943:10.1002/14651858.CD004560.pub4
1866:10.1002/14651858.CD001726.pub5
1817:10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5
1707:10.1002/14651858.CD000245.pub4
640:
497:. Tentative evidence supports
1:
4966:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
4107:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206291
3949:Bulletin of Siberian Medicine
3759:(4): 286–299. December 1959.
3675:10.1016/s0140-6736(53)90369-9
3456:"Deaths: Final Data for 2014"
2674:10.15326/jcopdf.6.4.2019.0139
2154:10.15326/jcopdf.6.2.2018.0151
1523:10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.95S
1449:Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med
1409:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9
1036:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2
903:
687:phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor
4949:Respiratory hypersensitivity
4887:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
3792:. McGraw Hill. p. 284.
3423:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000145
3207:10.1183/09031936.04.00012704
3135:"Protecting workers' health"
1294:National Library of Medicine
1255:"How Is Bronchitis Treated?"
1208:Journal of Pharmacy Practice
464:
411:
7:
4858:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
4039:10.1016/j.chest.2016.07.003
3827:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.004
3699:Meiklejohn, A (July 1957).
3373:10.3390/biomedicines9060675
2846:Ribeiro, L (October 2016).
2605:"Airway hydration and COPD"
2545:Infectious Diseases, 2nd ed
2411:Weinberger, Steven (2019).
2279:Shen, Y (30 January 2018).
2105:10.1016/j.chest.2019.04.135
1505:Braman, SS (January 2006).
10:
5434:
4711:Acute exacerbation of COPD
3540:10.1164/rccm.200412-1685OE
2485:10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI
2390:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
1759:Sethi, Sanjay (May 2023).
775:
704:
594:
525:
485:may be useful in treating
317:
18:
5354:
5327:
5257:
5243:
5197:
5155:
5134:
5108:
5011:
4997:
4988:
4917:
4802:
4782:
4665:
4645:
4485:
4365:
4345:
4235:
4141:
3815:The Journal of Pediatrics
3297:10.1186/s40248-017-0113-4
3088:American Lung Association
2621:10.1007/s00018-015-1946-7
2603:Ghosh, A (October 2015).
2473:Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2251:. Elsevier. p. 331.
2066:. Springer. p. 150.
1461:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO
1104:American Family Physician
1098:Kin, S (1 October 2016).
766:American Thoracic Society
635:non-communicable diseases
153:
145:
120:
104:
50:
45:
36:
31:
4774:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
4767:Bronchiolitis obliterans
4633:Laryngotracheal stenosis
4580:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
4558:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
4516:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
4444:Nasal septum perforation
2415:. Elsevier. p. 98.
2249:Ferri's Clinical Advisor
2087:Maselli, DJ (May 2019).
1575:10.1517/14656566.8.4.415
1336:. 2018. pp. 4–5, 25
1289:Medical Subject Headings
1221:10.1177/0897190012460826
861:congenital heart disease
815:Streptococcus pneumoniae
659:Pulmonary rehabilitation
532:Chronic bronchitis is a
477:to help with the fever.
367:
304:long-term oxygen therapy
19:Not to be confused with
4522:Retropharyngeal abscess
4303:factsheet on bronchitis
3583:10.2147/copd.2006.1.1.3
3033:NIOSH Program Portfolio
2864:10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.71
2787:10.1186/1471-2466-11-36
869:Charcot–Leyden crystals
783:Eosinophilic bronchitis
778:Eosinophilic bronchitis
772:Eosinophilic bronchitis
747:British Medical Journal
617:occupational bronchitis
509:are of unclear effect.
507:Chinese medicinal herbs
174:is inflammation of the
5215:Pulmonary hypertension
4944:Eosinophilic pneumonia
4596:Vocal cord dysfunction
4439:Nasal septum deviation
4075:www.aspergillus.org.uk
2774:BMC Pulmonary Medicine
2582:10.1006/pupt.2002.0351
1715:10779/rcsi.10778735.v1
886:Aspergillus bronchitis
843:
821:Haemophilus influenzae
806:bronchoalveolar lavage
731:An essay on bronchitis
717:The British physician
329:
160:: ~5% of people a year
5342:Mediastinal emphysema
5121:Healthcare-associated
5051:Legionnaires' disease
4477:Peritonsillar abscess
4449:Nasal septal hematoma
3566:"The history of COPD"
2347:10.1378/chest.08-0412
2060:Lee, Sang-Do (2017).
1517:(1 Suppl): 95S–103S.
1284:"Bronchitis, Chronic"
1166:"What Is Bronchitis?"
841:
827:Moraxella catarrhalis
613:industrial bronchitis
581:mucociliary clearance
473:(acetaminophen), and
399:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
327:
248:(acetaminophen), and
227:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
5089:Mendelson's syndrome
4961:Hamman–Rich syndrome
3765:10.1136/thx.14.4.286
3717:10.1136/oem.14.3.211
3619:"Chronic Bronchitis"
2298:10.2147/COPD.S144312
2247:Ferri, Fred (2019).
2032:"Chronic Bronchitis"
1139:. 25 September 2017.
980:10.1056/nejmcp061493
735:mucus hypersecretion
560:mucus hypersecretion
405:Bordetella pertussis
294:, and often inhaled
262:– one that produces
233:Bordetella pertussis
202:. Bronchitis can be
5362:Respiratory failure
5329:Mediastinal disease
4897:Bird fancier's lung
4472:Adenoid hypertrophy
3788:Longo, Dan (2012).
2968:10.2147/COPD.S10770
2749:on 18 December 2012
2570:Pulm Pharmacol Ther
808:that resolves with
358:shortness of breath
222:bacterial infection
196:shortness of breath
139:shortness of breath
5418:Bronchus disorders
5267:Pleuritis/pleurisy
5220:Pulmonary embolism
5116:Community-acquired
5041:Atypical bacterial
4940:Löffler's syndrome
4721:Status asthmaticus
4706:Chronic bronchitis
4591:Vocal fold paresis
4405:Vasomotor rhinitis
4295:Chronic bronchitis
4236:External resources
3564:Petty, TL (2006).
3499:(Suppl 1): 37–42.
3084:"What Causes COPD"
2827:. 2019. p. 13
2217:"COPD: Definition"
1761:"Acute Bronchitis"
1257:. August 4, 2011.
1168:. August 4, 2011.
1100:"Acute Bronchitis"
847:Plastic bronchitis
844:
834:Plastic bronchitis
661:may also be used.
522:Chronic bronchitis
330:
256:Chronic bronchitis
240:, dust, and other
188:coughing up sputum
141:, chest discomfort
111:Infectious disease
5400:
5399:
5350:
5349:
5307:Empyema/pyothorax
5239:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5193:
5192:
5126:Hospital-acquired
4984:
4983:
4848:Caplan's syndrome
4641:
4640:
4586:Vocal fold nodule
4410:Atrophic rhinitis
4273:
4272:
4004:978-0-323-46274-7
3821:(3): 352–358.e1.
3505:10.1159/000195969
3174:978-0-07-147691-1
3008:on 4 January 2013
2609:Cell Mol Life Sci
1393:(9823): 1341–51.
1367:978-0-07-174889-6
1030:(9859): 2163–96.
898:immunocompromised
876:lymphatic vessels
653:and occasionally
572:submucosal glands
350:coughing up mucus
169:
168:
26:Medical condition
5425:
5285:Pleural effusion
5278:Hemopneumothorax
5255:
5254:
5009:
5008:
4995:
4994:
4838:Bauxite fibrosis
4803:External agents/
4800:
4799:
4731:Exercise-induced
4687:Acute bronchitis
4663:
4662:
4363:
4362:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4291:Acute bronchitis
4139:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4109:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4033:(5): 1141–1157.
4018:
4009:
4008:
3988:
3975:
3974:
3964:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3923:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3669:(6787): 639–43.
3658:
3649:
3648:
3638:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3585:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3460:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3299:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3258:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2464:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2443:. September 2017
2433:
2427:
2426:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1811:(11): CD001831.
1796:
1790:
1789:
1788:on 2 April 2015.
1778:
1769:
1768:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1472:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1402:
1400:10.1.1.1000.1967
1378:
1372:
1371:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1223:
1199:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1141:
1140:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1095:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1015:
1006:
1005:
999:
991:
959:
944:
943:
941:
939:
925:
787:white blood cell
723:acute bronchitis
647:stopping smoking
624:nitrogen dioxide
538:productive cough
320:Acute bronchitis
314:Acute bronchitis
284:quitting smoking
260:productive cough
258:is defined as a
214:Acute bronchitis
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
41:
29:
28:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5346:
5323:
5259:Pleural disease
5248:
5231:
5189:
5151:
5135:By distribution
5130:
5109:By vector/route
5104:
5002:
4990:
4980:
4935:Pulmonary edema
4913:
4808:
4804:
4791:
4787:
4778:
4743:Cystic fibrosis
4670:
4654:
4650:
4637:
4481:
4355:
4349:
4341:
4336:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4231:
4230:
4150:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4086:
4082:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3989:
3978:
3941:
3937:
3906:(7): CD004822.
3892:
3888:
3849:
3842:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3786:
3782:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3697:
3690:
3659:
3652:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3562:
3555:
3524:
3520:
3489:
3482:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3403:
3399:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3276:
3272:
3241:(7): CD001287.
3227:
3223:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3141:. November 2017
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3063:medlineplus.gov
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2998:
2994:
2947:
2943:
2920:
2916:
2893:
2889:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2653:
2646:
2615:(19): 3637–52.
2601:
2597:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2465:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2409:
2405:
2369:
2362:
2331:
2324:
2277:
2266:
2259:
2245:
2238:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2134:
2130:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2028:
2024:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1937:(2): CD004560.
1923:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1860:(9): CD001726.
1846:
1842:
1797:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1757:
1748:
1701:(6): CD000245.
1687:
1680:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1555:
1548:
1503:
1494:
1441:
1434:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1200:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1096:
1061:
1016:
1009:
993:
992:
974:(20): 2125–30.
960:
947:
937:
935:
927:
926:
911:
906:
888:
852:bronchial casts
836:
799:
780:
774:
707:
698:
643:
601:tobacco smoking
597:
570:, and enlarged
536:, defined by a
530:
524:
515:
467:
414:
374:viral infection
370:
322:
316:
296:bronchodilators
272:Tobacco smoking
218:viral infection
165:: ~5% of people
161:
100:
61:
57:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5431:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5270:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5252:
5245:Pleural cavity
5241:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5091:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5006:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4946:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4907:Lycoperdonosis
4904:
4899:
4894:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4818:Pneumoconiosis
4814:
4812:
4797:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4738:Bronchiectasis
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4698:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4660:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4607:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4550:
4548:Laryngeal cyst
4545:
4543:Laryngomalacia
4540:
4535:
4533:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4501:
4499:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4371:
4369:
4360:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:article/297108
4261:article/807035
4252:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4217:
4206:
4183:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:Classification
4135:
4134:External links
4132:
4129:
4128:
4100:(3): 270–277.
4080:
4062:
4010:
4003:
3976:
3955:(2): 180–186.
3935:
3886:
3840:
3805:
3798:
3780:
3740:
3688:
3650:
3607:
3553:
3518:
3480:
3446:
3397:
3346:
3321:
3270:
3221:
3200:(3): 464–476.
3180:
3173:
3152:
3126:
3100:
3075:
3050:
3019:
2992:
2941:
2930:(2): 310–313.
2914:
2903:(18): 1743–6.
2887:
2838:
2811:
2760:
2734:
2716:
2698:
2667:(4): 341–349.
2644:
2595:
2576:(3): 277–282.
2560:
2554:978-0323025737
2553:
2535:
2508:
2479:(3): 228–237.
2454:
2428:
2421:
2403:
2360:
2341:(2): 505–512.
2322:
2264:
2257:
2236:
2208:
2180:
2148:(2): 178–192.
2128:
2099:(2): 228–238.
2079:
2072:
2052:
2022:
1994:
1966:
1917:
1897:
1840:
1791:
1770:
1746:
1678:
1650:
1621:
1596:
1546:
1492:
1432:
1373:
1366:
1347:
1313:
1272:
1243:
1183:
1142:
1121:
1110:(7): 560–565.
1059:
1007:
945:
908:
907:
905:
902:
887:
884:
880:bronchiectasis
835:
832:
818:, non-typable
798:
795:
776:Main article:
773:
770:
743:Harry Campbell
719:Charles Badham
706:
703:
697:
694:
655:oxygen therapy
642:
639:
628:sulfur dioxide
596:
593:
542:smoker's cough
523:
520:
514:
511:
479:Cough medicine
466:
463:
431:bronchiectasis
413:
410:
390:air pollutants
369:
366:
318:Main article:
315:
312:
292:rehabilitation
167:
166:
155:
151:
150:
149:Acute, chronic
147:
143:
142:
124:
118:
117:
108:
102:
101:
99:
98:
54:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5430:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:Other/general
5353:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5337:Mediastinitis
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:noninfectious
5078:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4989:Obstructive /
4987:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:Farmer's lung
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4762:Bronchiolitis
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3799:9780071748896
3795:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3655:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3485:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2897:Ugeskr Laeger
2891:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2442:
2441:nhlbi.nih.gov
2438:
2432:
2424:
2422:9780323523714
2418:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2384:(4): 347–65.
2383:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2258:9780323530422
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2073:9783662471784
2069:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2049:
2046:. NBK482437.
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1639:. 23 May 2019
1638:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:(4): 415–26.
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:(6): 532–55.
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1214:(6): 586–90.
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1003:
997:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
934:
930:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
909:
901:
899:
895:
894:
893:Aspergillosis
883:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
848:
840:
831:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
816:
811:
807:
803:
794:
792:
788:
784:
779:
769:
767:
763:
758:
754:
750:
748:
744:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
702:
693:
691:
688:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:exacerbations
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
638:
636:
631:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
609:air pollution
606:
602:
592:
590:
586:
585:exacerbations
582:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
529:
519:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
462:
460:
456:
455:parainfluenza
452:
448:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:bronchiolitis
424:
420:
409:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:tobacco smoke
379:
375:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
326:
321:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:air pollution
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
243:
242:air pollution
239:
238:tobacco smoke
235:
234:
229:
228:
223:
219:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
164:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
107:
103:
94:
56:
55:
53:
51:Pronunciation
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
22:
21:Bronchiolitis
5274:Pneumothorax
5227:Lung abscess
5209:
5079:
5068:Pneumocystis
5029:Pneumococcal
4810:lung disease
4806:occupational
4784:Interstitial
4756:
4749:
4693:
4679:
4652:lung disease
4618:
4612:Epiglottitis
4602:
4570:
4564:Laryngospasm
4528:
4509:Strep throat
4494:
4457:
4433:nasal septum
4431:
4390:
4374:
4254:
4243:
4219:
4208:
4185:
4154:
4119:. Retrieved
4097:
4093:
4083:
4074:
4065:
4030:
4026:
3993:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3859:(1): 72–76.
3856:
3852:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3789:
3783:
3756:
3752:
3743:
3711:(3): 211–2.
3708:
3704:
3666:
3662:
3626:
3623:The Hospital
3622:
3573:
3569:
3534:(9): 941–8.
3531:
3527:
3521:
3496:
3492:
3469:(4): 1–122.
3466:
3462:
3449:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3363:
3360:Biomedicines
3359:
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3333:
3330:"Erdosteine"
3324:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3164:
3161:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3138:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3115:. 2 May 2018
3112:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3087:
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3062:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3006:the original
2995:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2820:
2814:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:the original
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2664:
2660:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2544:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2517:
2511:
2476:
2472:
2445:. Retrieved
2440:
2431:
2412:
2406:
2381:
2377:
2338:
2334:
2288:
2284:
2248:
2231:
2224:. Retrieved
2220:
2211:
2203:
2196:. Retrieved
2192:
2183:
2175:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2035:
2025:
2017:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1909:. Retrieved
1900:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1786:the original
1764:
1698:
1694:
1670:, retrieved
1666:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1636:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:
1605:"Bronchitis"
1599:
1566:
1562:
1514:
1510:
1452:
1448:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1357:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1329:
1305:. Retrieved
1287:
1263:. Retrieved
1211:
1207:
1174:. Retrieved
1136:
1107:
1103:
1027:
1023:
996:cite journal
971:
967:
936:. Retrieved
932:
929:"Bronchitis"
891:
889:
873:
851:
845:
825:
819:
813:
801:
800:
781:
760:A CIBA (now
759:
755:
751:
746:
739:
730:
726:
725:in his book
722:
716:
708:
699:
696:Epidemiology
663:
644:
632:
621:
612:
598:
577:
568:goblet cells
557:
550:
541:
531:
516:
513:Epidemiology
468:
443:
415:
403:
397:
388:, and other
371:
334:inflammation
331:
310:bronchitis.
308:
288:vaccinations
254:
231:
225:
212:
182:that causes
171:
170:
162:
157:
5372:Common cold
5319:Fibrothorax
5302:Chylothorax
5297:Hydrothorax
5250:mediastinum
5210:circulatory
5205:Atelectasis
5012:By pathogen
5004:pneumonitis
4991:Restrictive
4971:Sarcoidosis
4843:Berylliosis
4789:restrictive
4750:unspecified
4672:obstructive
4655:(including
4572:vocal cords
4504:Pharyngitis
4467:Tonsillitis
4422:Nasal polyp
4357:common cold
4350:(including
4300:Mayo Clinic
4289:entries on
4287:MedlinePlus
4245:MedlinePlus
3576:(1): 3–14.
3093:24 February
3043:30 December
3012:30 December
2961:: 413–421.
2753:30 December
2729:icd.who.int
2711:icd.who.int
2291:: 399–407.
2193:www.who.int
2036:StatPearls
1982:icd.who.int
1667:ftp.cdc.gov
1633:"FastStats"
865:eosinophils
810:antibiotics
791:eosinophils
690:roflumilast
674:guaifenesin
651:medications
503:pelargonium
491:Antibiotics
471:paracetamol
439:chest X-ray
246:paracetamol
115:pulmonology
5407:Categories
5292:Hemothorax
5094:Aspiration
5056:Chlamydiae
5046:Mycoplasma
5034:Klebsiella
4892:Bagassosis
4878:Byssinosis
4853:Chalicosis
4828:Asbestosis
4823:Aluminosis
4757:Bronchitis
4628:Tracheitis
4604:epiglottis
4553:Laryngitis
4427:Rhinorrhea
4282:Bronchitis
4221:DiseasesDB
4121:8 November
3366:(6): 675.
2780:(36): 36.
1911:2017-11-30
1614:13 January
1470:2066/51740
1307:2023-03-16
904:References
678:Erdosteine
670:mucolytics
526:See also:
483:salbutamol
451:adenovirus
447:rhinovirus
328:Bronchitis
200:chest pain
172:Bronchitis
32:Bronchitis
5367:Influenza
5312:Malignant
5075:Parasitic
5024:Bacterial
4999:Pneumonia
4868:Silicosis
4863:Siderosis
4833:Baritosis
4667:Bronchial
4415:Hay fever
4384:Sinusitis
4280:entry on
4256:eMedicine
3971:1819-3684
3431:1070-5287
2858:: 16071.
1987:15 August
1874:1469-493X
1723:1469-493X
1395:CiteSeerX
789:known as
641:Treatment
553:emphysema
495:pertussis
465:Treatment
459:influenza
423:pneumonia
412:Diagnosis
154:Frequency
106:Specialty
5382:COVID-19
5175:BOOP-COP
5142:Broncho-
5085:Chemical
4873:Talcosis
4794:fibrosis
4647:Lower RT
4400:Rhinitis
4347:Upper RT
4116:25354514
4057:27445091
3930:30062732
3881:34977990
3873:23175647
3835:20176183
3735:13446354
3683:13098028
3645:29819251
3602:18046898
3548:15849329
3475:27378572
3392:34199312
3316:29238574
3265:31107966
3216:15065840
3037:Archived
2987:21857781
2936:22216804
2909:16729923
2882:27763599
2806:21672193
2693:31647856
2639:26068443
2590:12099778
2528:3 August
2503:23204254
2447:3 August
2398:22878278
2355:19201713
2317:29430174
2172:31063274
2123:31154041
2044:29494044
1961:22336804
1892:26333656
1835:25420096
1741:28626858
1672:22 March
1591:46247982
1583:17309336
1541:16428698
1487:20863981
1479:17507545
1427:22314182
1259:Archived
1238:37651935
1230:23076965
1170:Archived
1116:27929206
1054:23245607
988:17108344
762:Novartis
605:cannabis
487:wheezing
396:such as
394:bacteria
354:wheezing
300:steroids
280:genetics
270:(COPD).
224:such as
192:wheezing
184:coughing
135:wheezing
127:Coughing
122:Symptoms
4694:chronic
4620:trachea
4496:pharynx
4376:sinuses
4215:D001991
4048:6026239
3921:6513288
3774:1018516
3726:1037807
3636:5211570
3593:2706597
3513:1925077
3440:4373868
3383:8232003
3339:20 July
3307:5724298
3256:6527426
3145:12 July
3139:who.int
3119:11 July
3113:who.int
2978:3157944
2873:5072387
2797:3128042
2684:7006698
2630:4567929
2494:4951627
2308:5796802
2226:15 July
2198:15 July
2163:6596437
2114:7198872
1952:7202254
1883:7078572
1826:7061814
1732:6481481
1532:7094612
1418:7172377
1302:D029481
1265:1 April
1176:1 April
1045:6350784
705:History
340:of the
338:bronchi
336:of the
208:chronic
176:bronchi
163:Chronic
5063:Fungal
4717:Asthma
4530:larynx
4459:tonsil
4250:001087
4114:
4094:Thorax
4055:
4045:
4001:
3969:
3928:
3918:
3879:
3871:
3833:
3796:
3771:
3753:Thorax
3733:
3723:
3681:
3663:Lancet
3643:
3633:
3600:
3590:
3546:
3511:
3473:
3437:
3429:
3390:
3380:
3314:
3304:
3290:: 31.
3263:
3253:
3214:
3171:
3068:28 May
2985:
2975:
2934:
2907:
2880:
2870:
2831:25 May
2804:
2794:
2691:
2681:
2637:
2627:
2588:
2551:
2501:
2491:
2419:
2396:
2353:
2315:
2305:
2255:
2170:
2160:
2121:
2111:
2070:
2042:
2012:3 June
1959:
1949:
1890:
1880:
1872:
1833:
1823:
1739:
1729:
1721:
1643:30 May
1589:
1581:
1539:
1529:
1485:
1477:
1425:
1415:
1397:
1387:Lancet
1364:
1340:29 May
1300:
1236:
1228:
1114:
1052:
1042:
1024:Lancet
986:
938:9 June
856:phlegm
712:ipecac
685:, the
589:ICD-11
564:mucins
475:NSAIDs
433:, and
419:asthma
264:sputum
198:, and
97:
5198:Other
5147:Lobar
5098:Lipid
5019:Viral
4918:Other
4680:acute
4657:LRTIs
4582:(LPR)
4560:(LPR)
4538:Croup
4518:(LPR)
4352:URTIs
4226:29135
4027:Chest
3877:S2CID
3459:(PDF)
2825:(PDF)
2522:(PDF)
2335:Chest
2093:Chest
1663:(PDF)
1609:WebMD
1587:S2CID
1511:Chest
1483:S2CID
1334:(PDF)
1234:S2CID
933:NHLBI
824:, or
615:, or
595:Cause
499:honey
457:, or
368:Cause
362:fever
346:cough
342:lungs
204:acute
180:lungs
158:Acute
146:Types
131:mucus
5377:SARS
5180:NSIP
4925:ARDS
4726:AERD
4701:COPD
4487:Neck
4392:nose
4367:Head
4293:and
4210:MeSH
4191:9-CM
4123:2019
4112:PMID
4053:PMID
3999:ISBN
3967:ISSN
3926:PMID
3904:2018
3869:PMID
3831:PMID
3794:ISBN
3731:PMID
3679:PMID
3641:PMID
3598:PMID
3544:PMID
3509:PMID
3471:PMID
3427:ISSN
3388:PMID
3341:2021
3334:NICE
3312:PMID
3261:PMID
3212:PMID
3169:ISBN
3147:2019
3121:2019
3095:2019
3070:2019
3045:2012
3014:2012
2983:PMID
2932:PMID
2905:PMID
2878:PMID
2833:2019
2802:PMID
2755:2012
2689:PMID
2635:PMID
2586:PMID
2549:ISBN
2530:2021
2499:PMID
2449:2019
2417:ISBN
2394:PMID
2351:PMID
2313:PMID
2253:ISBN
2228:2019
2200:2019
2168:PMID
2119:PMID
2068:ISBN
2040:PMID
2014:2019
1989:2021
1957:PMID
1935:2012
1888:PMID
1870:ISSN
1858:2015
1831:PMID
1737:PMID
1719:ISSN
1699:2017
1674:2020
1645:2019
1616:2024
1579:PMID
1537:PMID
1475:PMID
1423:PMID
1362:ISBN
1342:2019
1298:MeSH
1267:2015
1226:PMID
1178:2015
1112:PMID
1050:PMID
1002:link
984:PMID
940:2019
867:and
710:and
626:and
562:and
501:and
437:. A
435:COPD
386:dust
298:and
278:and
5170:DIP
5165:UIP
5157:IIP
4278:NIH
4204:490
4200:491
4196:466
4187:ICD
4181:J42
4177:J41
4173:J40
4169:J21
4165:J20
4156:ICD
4102:doi
4043:PMC
4035:doi
4031:150
3957:doi
3916:PMC
3908:doi
3861:doi
3823:doi
3819:156
3769:PMC
3761:doi
3721:PMC
3713:doi
3671:doi
3667:265
3631:PMC
3588:PMC
3578:doi
3536:doi
3532:171
3501:doi
3435:PMC
3419:doi
3378:PMC
3368:doi
3302:PMC
3292:doi
3251:PMC
3243:doi
3202:doi
2973:PMC
2963:doi
2901:168
2868:PMC
2860:doi
2792:PMC
2782:doi
2679:PMC
2669:doi
2625:PMC
2617:doi
2578:doi
2489:PMC
2481:doi
2477:187
2386:doi
2382:187
2343:doi
2339:135
2303:PMC
2293:doi
2221:WHO
2158:PMC
2150:doi
2109:PMC
2101:doi
2097:156
1947:PMC
1939:doi
1878:PMC
1862:doi
1821:PMC
1813:doi
1727:PMC
1711:hdl
1703:doi
1571:doi
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