1682:
27:
1458:, bromomethane is the preferred fumigant of the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources for most organic goods imported into Australia. The department conducts methyl bromide fumigation certification for both domestic and foreign fumigators who can then fumigate containers destined for Australia. A list of alternative fumigants is available for goods imported from Europe (in what's known as the BICON database), where methyl bromide fumigation has been banned. Alternatively, the department allows containers from Europe to be fumigated with methyl bromide on arrival to Australia.
1418:
381:
216:
1710:
679:
40:
1306:
674:
684:
50:
1635:"A TLV–TWA of 1 ppm (3.89 mg/m3) is recommended for occupational exposure to methyl bromide"-ACGIH 8 hour time weighted average. Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration by NIOSH: "The revised IDLH for methyl bromide is 250 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans . This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers exposed to concentrations above 220 ppm. " Detectable concentration by Drager Tube is 0.5 ppm.
669:
887:
1506:(CAA; 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.). A 1998 amendment (P.L. 105-178, Title VI) conformed the Clean Air Act phase out date with that of the Montreal Protocol. While the Montreal Protocol severely restricted the use of bromomethane internationally, the United States has successfully lobbied for critical-use exemptions. Critical use exemptions allow the United States to continue using MeBr until it is scheduled to be completely phased out sometime in 2017.
1414:, prior to the advent of less toxic halons, as it is electrically non-conductive and leaves no residue. It was used primarily for electrical substations, military aircraft, and other industrial hazards. It was never as popular as other agents due to its high cost and toxicity. Bromomethane was used from the 1920s to the 1960s, and continued to be used in aircraft engine fire suppression systems into the late 1960s.
1167:
1478:(ERMA) introduced new rules for its use which restrict the level of public exposure to the fumigant, set minimum buffer zones around fumigation sites, provide for notification to nearby residents and require users to monitor air quality during fumigations and report back to ERMA each year. All methyl bromide fumigations must use recapture technology by 2025.
892:
891:
1445:
in 1993, manufactured amounts being capped at the 1991 level. All developed countries in the
Montreal Protocol reduced both manufactured and imported amounts by 25% in 1999, 50% 2001, 75% 2003, 100% 2005. In 2003 the Global Environment Facility approved funds for a UNEP-UNDP joint project for methyl
1681:
1669:
are frequently present after moderate to severe poisoning. Blood or urine concentrations of inorganic bromide, a bromomethane metabolite, are useful to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to assist in the forensic investigation of a case of fatal overdosage.
890:
1626:
Brief exposure to high concentrations and prolonged inhalation of lower concentrations are problematic. Exposure levels leading to death vary from 1,600 to 60,000 ppm, depending on the duration of exposure (as a comparison exposure levels of 70 to 400 ppm of
1580:. MITC does not redistribute through the soil as well as BM. Requires significantly more irrigation for activation. More strongly herbicidal than BM and so often used for that purpose alone. Much smaller doses stimulate weed germination.
1514:
Chile has phased out the use of bromomethane in traditional agriculture as of 2015, with exemption of the 100% pure formulation that is largely used for quarantine pest control and at pre-shipments of the fruit export industry.
1858:
1631:
cover the same spectrum of illness/death). Concentrations in the range of 60,000 ppm can be immediately fatal, while toxic effects can present following prolonged exposure to concentrations well under 1,000 ppm.
1644:
NIOSH considers methyl bromide to be a potential occupational carcinogen as defined by the OSHA carcinogen policy . "Methyl bromide showed a significant dose-response relationship with prostate cancer risk."
692:
2347:
649:
1352:
to kill a variety of pests including rats and insects. Bromomethane has poor fungicidal properties. Bromomethane is the only fumigant allowed (heat treatment is the only other option) under
1356:
regulations when exporting solid wood packaging (fork lift pallets, crates, bracing) to ISPM 15 compliant countries. Bromomethane is used to prepare golf courses, particularly to control
2151:
1734:
1531:. For Australia, a list of alternative fumigants is available for goods imported from Europe (in what's known as the BICON database), where methyl bromide fumigation has been banned.
1336:. Bromomethane is safer and more effective than some other soil sterilants. Its loss to the seed industry has resulted in changes to cultural practices, with increased reliance on
1434:
in the atmosphere to release bromine radicals, which are far more destructive to stratospheric ozone than chlorine. As such, it is subject to phase-out requirements of the 1987
3125:
3107:
3139:
3116:
3056:
810:
3257:
3248:
3218:
3165:
3156:
3077:
1246:
Marine organisms are estimated to produce 56,000 tonnes annually. It is also produced in small quantities by certain terrestrial plants, such as members of the family
893:
26:
2883:
2590:
Terminix Virgin
Islands Branch Manager Pleads Guilty to Four Counts of Illegally Applying Restricted-Use Pesticide to Multiple Residences in the U.S. Virgin Islands
2396:
3206:
2944:
2897:
3239:
3227:
3189:
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2231:
2180:
3290:
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3197:
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2949:
2902:
2860:
2583:
2512:
1907:
1882:
1071:
2577:
2974:
2965:
1538:
has been used in combination with bromomethane, and standalone is a common alternative fumigant. It has been widely used since its initial success against
1815:
1491:
2519:
1499:
1180:
2699:
2589:
2127:
2109:
1986:
1926:
Yoffe, David; Frim, Ron; Ukeles, Shmuel D.; Dagani, Michael J.; Barda, Henry J.; Benya, Theodore J.; Sanders, David C. (2013). "Bromine
Compounds".
2060:
Martin, Frank N. (2003). "Development of
Alternative Strategies for Management of Soilborne Pathogens Currently Controlled with Methyl Bromide".
1435:
915:
2155:
3375:
2523:
420:
1661:, and seizures. Individuals who survive the acute phase often require a prolonged convalescence. Persistent neurological deficits such as
908:
2561:
2546:
2279:
1523:
Alternatives to bromomethane in the agricultural field are currently in use and further alternatives are in development, including
806:
1475:
2346:
Decision XVII/29: Non-compliance with the
Montreal Protocol by Chile. United Nations Environment Programme Ozone Secretariat,
2617:
1495:
2501:
2306:
1943:
606:
1446:
bromide total sector phase out in seven countries in
Central Europe and Central Asia, which was due for completion in 2007.
2388:
1471:
2480:
1175:
2322:
2227:
3365:
2541:
2176:
2029:
395:
39:
2366:
1709:
901:
1653:
Expression of toxicity following exposure may involve a latent period of several hours, followed by signs such as
1187:
2202:
2062:
744:
1226:. This colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas is produced both industrially and biologically. It is a recognized
2277:
CRS Report for
Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition - Order Code 97-905
2021:
1807:
2252:
49:
3355:
1503:
1234:
until being phased out by most countries in the early 2000s. From a chemistry perspective, it is one of the
279:
1441:
The London
Amendment in 1990 added bromomethane to the list of ODS to be phased out. Phase-out began in the
3134:
2584:
Terminix
Companies Sentenced for Applying Restricted-Use Pesticide to Residences in the U.S. Virgin Islands
1325:
752:
328:
211:
2113:
1990:
1253:
In 2009, an estimated 24,000 tonnes of methyl bromide were produced. Its production was curtailed by the
683:
3370:
1562:
replaces some of both the fungicide and nematicide effects of BM, but is not a full-efficacy replacement.
866:
359:
790:
678:
173:
3048:
2610:
2298:
From
Precaution to Profit: Contemporary Challenges to Environmental Protection in the Montreal Protocol
2071:
1729:
1103:
1082:
762:
673:
2439:
1699:) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in
1470:, bromomethane is used as a fumigant for whole logs destined for export. Environmental groups and the
798:
1854:
1257:, such that in 1983, production was nearly twice that of 2009 levels. It is manufactured by treating
223:
2536:
2878:
1337:
938:
854:
376:
273:
3036:
584:
2481:
Biological, Chemical & Practice based alternatives to the agricultural use of Methyl Bromide
3098:
3065:
3011:
1376:
1207:
736:
2296:
3350:
3345:
3325:
3147:
3019:
2869:
2844:
2603:
1715:
1565:
1372:
706:
661:
556:
842:
3181:
3173:
3027:
2935:
2918:
2888:
2852:
2079:
1592:. This is also used in exported agricultural commodities in order to prevent the spread of
1540:
1324:
purposes, while some is used to manufacture other products. It is widely applied as a soil
838:
668:
337:
69:
822:
193:
8:
2926:
2733:
1788:
1559:
1368:
1364:
814:
87:
2276:
380:
215:
153:
97:
3360:
3310:
3003:
2772:
2742:
2578:
Del. family poisoned with methyl bromide in Caribbean in grave condition, governor says
1959:
Gribble, G. W. (1999). "The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds".
1700:
1417:
1400:
1392:
133:
2389:"California the culprit for spike in little-known greenhouse gas more potent than CO2"
1850:
121:
3273:
2781:
2751:
2556:
2486:
2302:
2091:
2083:
2025:
1939:
1814:. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification.
1610:
1585:
1569:
1431:
1411:
1384:
1254:
2571:
2566:
2995:
2802:
2075:
1968:
1931:
1593:
1498:(RCRA; 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.), and is subject to reporting requirements under the
1421:
A selection of stored-pressure bromomethane fire extinguishers, circa 1930s-40s, UK
1211:
1141:
541:
443:
1935:
1548:. It is a suitable alternative for fungicidal action but does not quite have BM's
2760:
2721:
2655:
2551:
2283:
1658:
1628:
1524:
1227:
951:
778:
301:
242:
2828:
2790:
2110:"Information on Commercially Validated Methyl Bromide Alternative Technologies"
2018:
Wilted: Pathogens, Chemicals, and the Fragile Future of the Strawberry Industry
1778:
1589:
1396:
1363:
Bromomethane is also a precursor in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals such as
1158:
770:
569:
2508:
1878:
1305:
1051:
975:
826:
766:
3339:
2811:
2713:
2672:
2663:
2496:
2087:
1773:
1487:
1442:
1357:
782:
530:
520:
204:
2491:
2326:
1899:
794:
2497:
Methyl Bromide Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network
2487:
Methyl Bromide Technical Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center
2463:, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 982-984.
2095:
1758:
1748:
1638:
Respiratory, kidney, and neurological effects are of the greatest concern.
1573:
1535:
1247:
1641:
Treatment of wood packaging requires a concentration of up to 16,000 ppm.
914:
2690:
2626:
2492:
Methyl Bromide General Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center
2475:
2358:
1764:
1753:
1739:
1696:
1666:
1605:
1467:
1404:
1235:
1146:
927:
830:
1360:. The Montreal Protocol stipulates that bromomethane use be phased out.
1316:
indicates the wood has been fumigated with methyl bromide to kill pests.
900:
802:
2910:
2836:
1987:"Towards Methyl Bromide Phase Out: A Handbook for National Ozone Units"
1549:
1545:
1329:
1321:
907:
818:
465:
224:
184:
2206:
2957:
1972:
1783:
1553:
1494:(FIFRA; 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.) and as a hazardous substance under the
1455:
1231:
758:
348:
1584:
An alternative to bromomethane for structural termite fumigation is
1157:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2982:
2256:
1735:
Angelita C. et al. v. California Department of Pesticide Regulation
1662:
1528:
1388:
1380:
1349:
1258:
1217:
873:
262:
2506:
1876:
862:
732:
120:
2642:
2634:
1691:
Br measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (
1577:
1353:
1341:
1309:
1262:
1223:
774:
496:
288:
1556:
efficacy, and so is commonly combined with yet another fumigant.
1328:, mainly for production of seed but also for some crops such as
2595:
2476:
Chemical Alternatives to the agricultural use of Methyl Bromide
1654:
1345:
1333:
1266:
1214:
786:
164:
728:
1904:
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
1615:
846:
312:
144:
110:
2203:"Picton residents need protection from poison fumes: Greens"
364:
2431:
1403:. It is a precursor to many ordinary chemicals often as a
1116:
720:
486:
253:
1348:
seasons. Bromomethane was also used as a general-purpose
1692:
740:
1769:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2325:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from
2255:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from
2513:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1925:
1908:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1883:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1744:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
716:
1492:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
1490:bromomethane is regulated as a pesticide under the
1500:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
3337:
1599:
712:
525:−93.66 °C (−136.59 °F; 179.49 K)
300:
2537:IARC Summaries & Evaluations Vol. 71 (1999)
2461:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
2130:. department of Agriculture and Water Resources
1436:Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances
889:
850:
96:
2146:
2144:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1958:
1928:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
858:
724:
2611:
2572:ChemSub Online (Methyl bromide, Bromomethane)
2520:Institut national de recherche et de sécurité
2015:
1665:, cognitive impairment, optical atrophy, and
1241:
2294:
1859:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2567:EPA 2010 Critical Use Exemption Nominations
2421:, The Royal Institute of Chemistry, London.
2228:"Reassessment of methyl bromide | EPA"
2141:
2038:
1502:(EPCRA; 42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.). The U.S.
2618:
2604:
2288:
834:
379:
214:
192:
2112:. UNEP. 14 September 2009. Archived from
1921:
1919:
1917:
535:4.0 °C (39.2 °F; 277.1 K)
336:
2507:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
2424:
2301:. Yale University Press. pp. 232–.
2152:"Methyl Bromide - Questions and Answers"
2128:"Methyl Bromide - Questions and Answers"
1877:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1416:
1410:Bromomethane was once used in specialty
1304:
2502:International Chemical Safety Card 0109
2386:
2200:
2177:"Methyl Bromide Threat Again in Picton"
1657:, abdominal pain, weakness, confusion,
1476:Environmental Risk Management Authority
1230:chemical. It was used extensively as a
375:
278:
3338:
2359:"Ozone Layer Protection | US EPA"
2080:10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095514
2059:
1979:
1914:
1894:
1892:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1496:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
946:535 °C (995 °F; 808 K)
932:194 °C (381 °F; 467 K)
205:
2599:
2411:
1989:. UNEP. 1 August 1999. Archived from
1829:
1648:
1312:markings on a pallet from China. The
407:Key: GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
172:
152:
2323:"Critical Use Exemption Information"
43:Ball and stick model of bromomethane
3376:Ozone-depleting chemical substances
2351:
1889:
1863:
1808:"methyl bromide - Compound Summary"
1761: – Group of chemical compounds
291:
261:
13:
2419:Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory
885:
48:
38:
14:
3387:
2557:Environmental Health Criteria 166
2469:
2399:from the original on 26 July 2024
1621:
2625:
2542:The banned pesticide in our soil
2295:Brian Gareau (29 January 2013).
2253:"The Phaseout of Methyl Bromide"
2154:. the department. Archived from
2004:Strawberries hang in the balance
1708:
1680:
1481:
1474:oppose its use. In May 2011 the
1320:Most methyl bromide is used for
1165:
682:
677:
672:
667:
578:kPa (at 20 °C, 68 °F)
452:
25:
2453:
2442:from the original on 2001-09-02
2387:Perkins, Tom (April 19, 2024).
2380:
2369:from the original on 2008-09-25
2340:
2315:
2270:
2245:
2234:from the original on 2021-09-17
2220:
2194:
2183:from the original on 2008-10-14
2169:
2120:
2102:
2063:Annual Review of Phytopathology
1818:from the original on 2012-10-05
1518:
1161:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
458:
53:Spacefill model of bromomethane
16:Organobromine chemical compound
2528:Fiche toxicologique n° 67
2022:University of California Press
2009:
1997:
1952:
1800:
1461:
449:
1:
2205:. Green Party. Archived from
1936:10.1002/14356007.a04_405.pub2
1794:
1600:Potential future alternatives
1425:
1076:(US health exposure limits):
1449:
7:
2432:"Agricultural Health Study"
2201:Kedgley, Sue (2008-02-02).
2179:. Guardians of the Sounds.
1723:
1695:) in the lower atmosphere (
964:or concentration (LD, LC):
34:
10:
3392:
1730:List of highly toxic gases
1673:
1242:Occurrence and manufacture
3322:
2994:
2827:
2712:
2654:
2633:
2547:MSDS at Oxford University
1855:GESTIS Substance Database
1767: – Chemical compound
1742: – chemical compound
1572:of two applied products,
1568:is the breakdown product/
1155:
1127:
1070:
960:
648:
643:
599:
515:g/mL (liquid, 4 °C)
436:
416:
391:
80:
68:
63:
33:
24:
3366:IARC Group 3 carcinogens
2282:August 10, 2011, at the
1961:Chemical Society Reviews
1509:
1430:Bromomethane is readily
1338:soil steam sterilization
753:Precautionary statements
404:InChI=1S/CH3Br/c1-2/h1H3
2020:. Oakland, California:
1300:
585:Magnetic susceptibility
2016:Julie Guthman (2019).
1588:, which is a powerful
1422:
1377:pyridostigmine bromide
1317:
1208:organobromine compound
896:
54:
44:
2552:Toxicological profile
2417:Muir, GD (ed.) 1971,
1566:Methyl isothiocyanate
1420:
1373:propantheline bromide
1308:
1269:or hydrogen sulfide:
895:
52:
42:
3356:Halogenated solvents
2592:- September 17, 2018
2006:, CEN (June 8, 2015)
1541:Verticillium dahliae
1202:, commonly known as
976:median concentration
878:(fire diamond)
70:Preferred IUPAC name
2586:- November 20, 2017
2329:on January 16, 2008
1789:Carbon tetrabromide
1560:1,3-Dichloropropene
1369:pancuronium bromide
1365:neostigmine bromide
1265:in the presence of
542:Solubility in water
473: g·mol
134:Beilstein Reference
21:
3371:Methylating agents
2562:OECD SIDS document
1701:parts-per-trillion
1649:Excessive exposure
1423:
1412:fire extinguishers
1401:vecuronium bromide
1393:demecarium bromide
1318:
1188:Infobox references
1128:Related compounds
1119:(Immediate danger)
1062:ppm (guinea pig, 9
897:
55:
45:
19:
3333:
3332:
2308:978-0-300-17526-4
1945:978-3-527-30385-4
1930:. pp. 1–31.
1611:Propargyl bromide
1586:sulfuryl fluoride
1385:clidinium bromide
1255:Montreal Protocol
1196:Chemical compound
1194:
1193:
707:Hazard statements
360:CompTox Dashboard
122:Interactive image
59:
58:
3383:
2996:Tetrasubstituted
2620:
2613:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2533:
2516:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2355:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2292:
2286:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2057:
2036:
2035:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1973:10.1039/a900201d
1956:
1950:
1949:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1900:"Methyl bromide"
1896:
1887:
1886:
1874:
1861:
1848:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1812:PubChem Compound
1804:
1770:
1745:
1718:of bromomethane.
1712:
1684:
1594:invasive species
1178:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1142:Bromoiodomethane
1096:
1092:
1065:
1061:
1052:lowest published
1036:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1003:
999:
992:
988:
952:Explosive limits
917:
910:
903:
888:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
686:
681:
676:
671:
638:
634:
630:
623:
600:Thermochemistry
594:
577:
550:
514:
508:
504:
491:Chloroform-like
472:
460:
454:
451:
444:Chemical formula
384:
383:
368:
366:
340:
304:
293:
282:
265:
243:Gmelin Reference
226:
218:
207:
196:
176:
156:
124:
100:
35:
29:
22:
18:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3143:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2939:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2892:
2873:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2708:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2656:Monosubstituted
2650:
2646:
2629:
2624:
2531:
2472:
2467:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2293:
2289:
2284:Wayback Machine
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2199:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2058:
2039:
2032:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1924:
1915:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1875:
1864:
1849:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1768:
1743:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1690:
1685:
1676:
1659:pulmonary edema
1651:
1629:carbon monoxide
1624:
1602:
1525:propylene oxide
1521:
1512:
1484:
1464:
1452:
1428:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1244:
1228:ozone-depleting
1222:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183: ?)
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1151:
1135:
1134:Related alkanes
1120:
1107:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1001:
1000:ppm (rabbit, 30
997:
990:
986:
979:
973:
943:
940:
922:
921:
920:
919:
912:
905:
898:
894:
886:
755:
709:
695:
664:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:
615:
611:
608:
607:Std enthalpy of
592:
588:
575:
548:
544:
512:
510:
506:
502:
470:
457:
446:
432:
429:
424:
423:
412:
409:
408:
405:
399:
398:
387:
369:
362:
343:
323:
307:
294:
268:
245:
236:
199:
179:
159:
136:
127:
114:
103:
90:
76:
75:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:Trisubstituted
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2580:- July 2, 2015
2575:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2530:. Paris:INRS.
2517:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2470:External links
2468:
2466:
2465:
2452:
2423:
2410:
2379:
2350:
2339:
2314:
2307:
2287:
2269:
2244:
2219:
2193:
2168:
2140:
2119:
2116:on 2011-07-16.
2101:
2072:Annual Reviews
2037:
2030:
2008:
1996:
1993:on 2011-07-16.
1978:
1967:(5): 335–346.
1951:
1944:
1913:
1888:
1862:
1828:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Dibromomethane
1776:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1650:
1647:
1623:
1622:Health effects
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1590:greenhouse gas
1582:
1581:
1563:
1557:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1483:
1480:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1427:
1424:
1397:glycopyrrolate
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1243:
1240:
1220:
1204:methyl bromide
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1164:
1163:
1159:standard state
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
982:
980:
971:
969:
966:
965:
958:
957:
954:
948:
947:
944:
937:
934:
933:
930:
924:
923:
913:
906:
899:
884:
883:
882:
881:
879:
870:
869:
811:P305+P351+P338
756:
751:
748:
747:
710:
705:
702:
701:
696:
691:
688:
687:
665:
660:
657:
656:
646:
645:
641:
640:
625:
619:
613:
605:
602:
601:
597:
596:
589:
583:
580:
579:
572:
570:Vapor pressure
566:
565:
562:
553:
552:
545:
540:
537:
536:
533:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
499:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
481:Colorless gas
479:
475:
474:
468:
462:
461:
455:
447:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
431:
430:
427:
419:
418:
417:
414:
413:
411:
410:
406:
403:
402:
394:
393:
392:
389:
388:
386:
385:
372:
370:
358:
355:
354:
351:
345:
344:
342:
341:
333:
331:
325:
324:
322:
321:
317:
315:
309:
308:
306:
305:
297:
295:
287:
284:
283:
280:methyl+bromide
276:
270:
269:
267:
266:
258:
256:
250:
249:
246:
241:
238:
237:
235:
234:
230:
228:
220:
219:
209:
201:
200:
198:
197:
189:
187:
181:
180:
178:
177:
169:
167:
161:
160:
158:
157:
149:
147:
141:
140:
137:
132:
129:
128:
126:
125:
117:
115:
108:
105:
104:
102:
101:
93:
91:
86:
83:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
56:
46:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3124:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3106:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2932:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2868:
2866:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2714:Disubstituted
2711:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2635:Unsubstituted
2632:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2524:Bromométhane.
2521:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2462:
2456:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2343:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2259:on 2009-10-17
2258:
2254:
2248:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2209:on 2009-02-05
2208:
2204:
2197:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2158:on 2013-07-08
2157:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2129:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2031:9780520305281
2027:
2024:. p. 1.
2023:
2019:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Chloromethane
1772:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1576:and granular
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1504:Clean Air Act
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:United States
1482:United States
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1447:
1444:
1443:United States
1439:
1437:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:derivatives,
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1358:Bermuda grass
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:, mechanical
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:(Recommended)
1105:
1101:
1100:
1088:
1085:(Permissible)
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1033:ppm (mouse, 9
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
989:ppm (mouse, 1
984:
983:
981:
977:
968:
967:
963:
959:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
936:
935:
931:
929:
926:
925:
918:
911:
904:
880:
877:
876:
872:
871:
757:
754:
750:
749:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
685:
680:
675:
670:
666:
663:
659:
658:
654:
652:
647:
642:
626:
618:
610:
604:
603:
598:
590:
586:
582:
581:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
561:
560:
555:
554:
546:
543:
539:
538:
534:
532:
531:Boiling point
529:
528:
524:
522:
521:Melting point
519:
518:
500:
498:
495:
494:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
476:
469:
467:
464:
463:
448:
445:
441:
440:
435:
426:
425:
422:
415:
401:
400:
397:
390:
382:
378:
377:DTXSID8020832
374:
373:
371:
361:
357:
356:
352:
350:
347:
346:
339:
335:
334:
332:
330:
327:
326:
319:
318:
316:
314:
311:
310:
303:
299:
298:
296:
290:
286:
285:
281:
277:
275:
272:
271:
264:
260:
259:
257:
255:
252:
251:
247:
244:
240:
239:
232:
231:
229:
227:
222:
221:
217:
213:
210:
208:
206:ECHA InfoCard
203:
202:
195:
191:
190:
188:
186:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
168:
166:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
148:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
131:
130:
123:
119:
118:
116:
112:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
92:
89:
85:
84:
79:
71:
67:
62:
51:
47:
41:
37:
36:
32:
28:
23:
20:Bromomethane
3351:Halomethanes
3346:Bromoalkanes
2681:
2627:Halomethanes
2527:
2460:
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2436:aghealth.org
2435:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2393:The Guardian
2392:
2382:
2371:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2342:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:the original
2317:
2297:
2290:
2272:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:the original
2247:
2236:. Retrieved
2222:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:the original
2196:
2185:. Retrieved
2171:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2132:. Retrieved
2122:
2114:the original
2104:
2067:
2061:
2017:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:the original
1981:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1927:
1903:
1820:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1759:Bromopentane
1749:Bromopropane
1652:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1625:
1583:
1574:metam sodium
1539:
1536:Chloropicrin
1522:
1519:Alternatives
1513:
1485:
1465:
1453:
1440:
1429:
1409:
1362:
1330:strawberries
1319:
1313:
1252:
1248:Brassicaceae
1245:
1236:halomethanes
1203:
1200:Bromomethane
1199:
1198:
1072:
961:
939:Autoignition
874:
698:
650:
616:
558:
505:kg/m (gas, 0
313:RTECS number
81:Identifiers
74:Bromomethane
2532:(in French)
2459:R. Baselt,
2074:: 325–350.
1765:Bromohexane
1754:Bromobutane
1740:Bromoethane
1716:IR spectrum
1697:troposphere
1667:paresthesia
1606:Iodomethane
1472:Green Party
1468:New Zealand
1462:New Zealand
1405:methylating
1147:Bromoethane
1022:ppm (rat, 8
1011:ppm (rat, 1
962:Lethal dose
941:temperature
928:Flash point
693:Signal word
478:Appearance
437:Properties
212:100.000.740
174:ChEMBL48339
154:CHEBI:39275
3340:Categories
2446:2018-09-27
2373:2018-09-27
2333:2015-02-21
2263:2009-10-28
2238:2021-09-17
2213:2009-02-02
2187:2009-02-02
2162:2011-02-21
2134:2013-11-03
1822:2012-02-26
1795:References
1550:nematicide
1546:strawberry
1432:photolyzed
1426:Regulation
1322:fumigation
1281:+ S → 6 CH
662:Pictograms
466:Molar mass
338:9V42E1Z7B6
185:ChemSpider
109:3D model (
88:CAS Number
3361:Fumigants
3328:compound.
2522:(1992). "
2088:0066-4286
1784:Bromoform
1554:herbicide
1456:Australia
1450:Australia
1326:sterilant
1277:OH + 3 Br
1232:pesticide
855:P403+P233
843:P337+P313
839:P332+P313
815:P308+P313
807:P304+P340
803:P302+P352
799:P301+P310
653:labelling
609:formation
349:UN number
320:PA4900000
233:200-813-2
225:EC Number
3135:C*BrClFI
2945:C*HBrClI
2879:C*HBrClF
2515:(NIOSH).
2440:Archived
2403:21 April
2397:Archived
2367:Archived
2280:Archived
2232:Archived
2181:Archived
2096:14527332
1910:(NIOSH).
1885:(NIOSH).
1816:Archived
1724:See also
1663:asthenia
1529:furfural
1389:clobazam
1381:atropine
1350:fumigant
1285:Br + 2 H
1259:methanol
1206:, is an
875:NFPA 704
644:Hazards
591:−42.8·10
587:(χ)
139:1209223
2898:C*HBrFI
2884:C*HClFI
2509:"#0400"
2363:epa.gov
1879:"#0400"
1857:of the
1853:in the
1851:Record
1674:Gallery
1578:dazomet
1486:In the
1407:agent.
1354:ISPM 15
1342:roguing
1334:almonds
1310:ISPM 15
1263:bromine
1212:formula
1181:what is
1179: (
1097:mg/m)
1093:ppm (80
956:10-16%
639:kJ·mol
595:cm·mol
497:Density
289:PubChem
98:74-83-9
3326:Chiral
3258:CBrClI
3049:CBrClF
2919:CHBrCl
2305:
2094:
2086:
2028:
1942:
1655:nausea
1399:, and
1346:fallow
1344:, and
1267:sulfur
1176:verify
1173:
1095:
1091:
1064:
1060:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
699:Danger
637:
633:
629:
593:
576:
549:
513:
507:
503:
471:94.939
421:SMILES
263:C18447
165:ChEMBL
64:Names
3219:CBrCl
3190:CBrCl
3166:CBrFI
3140:CClFI
3108:CBrCl
2975:CHBrI
2950:CHClI
2853:CHBrF
2845:CHClF
2070:(1).
1693:AGAGE
1616:Ozone
1510:Chile
1289:O + H
1261:with
1210:with
1073:NIOSH
635:−33.5
627:−35.1
396:InChI
353:1062
145:ChEBI
111:JSmol
3303:CBrI
3266:CClI
3078:CBrF
3057:CClF
3020:CBrF
3012:CClF
2966:CHBr
2958:CHBr
2936:CHBr
2927:CHCl
2911:CHCl
2903:CHFI
2889:CHBr
2870:CHCl
2777:BrCl
2405:2024
2303:ISBN
2092:PMID
2084:ISSN
2026:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1570:a.i.
1527:and
1332:and
1301:Uses
1273:6 CH
1123:Ca
1117:IDLH
1089:C 20
1066:hr)
1007:2833
1004:min)
996:7316
985:1200
867:P502
863:P501
859:P405
851:P391
847:P362
835:P330
831:P321
827:P314
823:P312
819:P311
795:P281
791:P280
787:P273
783:P271
779:P270
775:P264
771:P261
767:P260
763:P202
759:P201
745:H420
741:H400
737:H373
733:H341
729:H335
725:H331
721:H319
717:H315
713:H301
564:1.3
557:log
547:17.5
511:1.72
501:3.97
487:Odor
329:UNII
302:6323
274:MeSH
254:KEGG
248:916
194:6083
3291:CBr
3282:CBr
3274:CBr
3253:ClI
3249:CBr
3240:CBr
3228:CCl
3207:CBr
3198:CCl
3182:CCl
3174:CFI
3157:CBr
3148:CBr
3130:ClF
3126:CBr
3117:CCl
3099:CCl
3066:CBr
3037:CCl
2983:CHI
2861:CHF
2837:CHF
2807:BrI
2786:ClI
2747:BrF
2738:ClF
2076:doi
1969:doi
1932:doi
1552:or
1544:in
1466:In
1454:In
1375:],
1250:.
1110:Ca
1104:REL
1083:PEL
1058:300
1037:hr)
1029:390
1026:hr)
1018:302
1015:hr)
993:hr)
651:GHS
620:298
574:190
551:gL
509:°C)
428:CBr
365:EPA
292:CID
3342::
3324:*
3311:CI
3244:Cl
3211:Cl
3161:FI
3121:FI
3087:CF
3028:CF
3004:CF
2940:Cl
2812:CH
2803:CH
2795:Br
2791:CH
2782:CH
2773:CH
2765:Cl
2761:CH
2756:FI
2752:CH
2743:CH
2734:CH
2722:CH
2704:At
2700:CH
2691:CH
2686:Br
2682:CH
2677:Cl
2673:CH
2664:CH
2643:CH
2526:"
2511:.
2438:.
2434:.
2395:.
2391:.
2365:.
2361:.
2230:.
2143:^
2090:.
2082:.
2068:41
2066:.
2040:^
1965:28
1963:.
1938:.
1916:^
1906:.
1902:.
1891:^
1881:.
1865:^
1831:^
1810:.
1687:CH
1596:.
1438:.
1395:,
1391:,
1387:,
1379:,
1371:,
1367:,
1314:MB
1293:SO
1238:.
1224:Br
1048:Lo
1046:LC
972:50
970:LC
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
841:,
837:,
833:,
829:,
825:,
821:,
817:,
813:,
809:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
793:,
789:,
785:,
781:,
777:,
773:,
769:,
765:,
761:,
743:,
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
715:,
655::
612:(Δ
459:Br
3313:4
3305:3
3297:2
3295:I
3293:2
3286:I
3284:3
3276:4
3268:3
3260:2
3251:2
3242:3
3234:2
3232:I
3230:2
3223:I
3221:2
3213:2
3209:2
3202:I
3200:3
3192:3
3184:4
3176:3
3168:2
3159:2
3152:F
3150:3
3142:2
3128:2
3119:2
3112:F
3110:2
3103:F
3101:3
3093:2
3091:I
3089:2
3082:I
3080:2
3072:2
3070:F
3068:2
3061:I
3059:2
3051:2
3043:2
3041:F
3039:2
3032:I
3030:3
3022:3
3014:3
3006:4
2985:3
2977:2
2970:I
2968:2
2960:3
2952:2
2938:2
2931:I
2929:2
2921:2
2913:3
2905:2
2893:F
2891:2
2874:F
2872:2
2865:I
2863:2
2855:2
2847:2
2839:3
2818:2
2816:I
2814:2
2805:2
2797:2
2793:2
2784:2
2775:2
2767:2
2763:2
2754:2
2745:2
2736:2
2728:2
2726:F
2724:2
2702:3
2695:I
2693:3
2684:3
2675:3
2668:F
2666:3
2645:4
2619:e
2612:t
2605:v
2574:.
2483:.
2449:.
2407:.
2376:.
2336:.
2311:.
2266:.
2241:.
2216:.
2190:.
2165:.
2137:.
2098:.
2078::
2034:.
1975:.
1971::
1948:.
1934::
1825:.
1703:.
1689:3
1295:4
1291:2
1287:2
1283:3
1279:2
1275:3
1221:3
1218:H
1215:C
1171:Y
1054:)
1050:(
978:)
974:(
916:0
909:1
902:3
631:–
622:)
617:H
614:f
559:P
456:3
453:H
450:C
367:)
363:(
113:)
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