Civil Service (United Kingdom)

162: 361: 331: 3059:'s committee reported in 1968. He found that administrators were not professional enough, and in particular lacked management skills; that the position of technical and scientific experts needed to be rationalised and enhanced; and that the service was indeed too remote. His 158 recommendations included the introduction of a unified grading system for all categories of staff, a Civil Service College and a central policy planning unit. He also said that control of the service should be taken from the Treasury, and given to a new Department, and that the "fast stream" recruitment process for accessing the upper echelons should be made more flexible, to encourage candidates from less privileged backgrounds. The new Department was set up by Prime Minister Harold Wilson's Labour Government in 1968 and named the 2678: 235: 647: 260: 3063:, known as CSD. Wilson himself took on the role of Minister for the Civil Service (which has continued to be a portfolio of the Prime Minister), while the first Minister in Charge of the Civil Service Department was Cabinet Minister Lord Shackleton, also Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Privy Seal. The first Permanent Secretary was Sir William Armstrong, who moved over from his post as Permanent Secretary at the Treasury. After the 1970 General Election, new Conservative Prime Minister Ted Heath appointed Lord Jellicoe in Lord Shackleton's place. 519: 6894: 549: 6888: 2576: 487: 40: 2609: 2970: 2622: 2591: 3175:(Cmnd 8616)) as an umbrella for the efficiency scrutiny programme and with a wider focus on corporate planning, efficiency and objective-setting. Progress initially was sluggish, but in due course MINIS-style business planning became standard, and delegated budgets were introduced, so that individual managers were held much more accountable for meeting objectives, and for the first time for the resources they used to do so. 4654:. This is a full day usually attached to the Spring Bank Holiday, the last Monday in May, on either the Friday before the Bank Holiday or the Tuesday after (in order to create a four-day weekend), originally allocated in respect of the King's Official Birthday. In practice, the day the privilege day is taken is subject to local management policies; many staff prefer to take it at a date of their own discretion. 3041:

trained economists. The times were, moreover, ones of keen respect for technocracy, with the mass mobilisation of war having worked effectively, and the French National Plan apparently delivering economic success. And there was also a feeling which would not go away, following the war and the radical social reforms of the 1945 Labour government, that the so-called "

3335:, Cabinet Secretary, Head of the Home Civil Service and Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary, August 2005 – December 2011. The postholder is responsible for ensuring that the Civil Service is equipped with the skills and capability to meet the everyday challenges it faces and that civil servants work in a fair and decent environment. The postholder also chairs the 3280:

through a scheme of "Chartermark" awards. The programme was greeted with some derision, and it is true that the compensation sometimes hardly seemed worth the effort of claiming, and that the service standards were rarely set with much consumer input. But the initiative did have a significant effect in changing cultures, and paradoxically the spin-off

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The Civil Service Management Code (CSMC) sets out the regulations and instructions to departments and agencies regarding the terms and conditions of service of civil servants. It is the guiding document which gives delegation to civil service organisations, from the Minister for the Civil Service, in

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The Northcote-Trevelyan model was characterised by a hierarchical mode of Weberian bureaucracy; neutral, permanent and anonymous officials motivated by the public interest; and a willingness to administer policies ultimately determined by ministers. This bequeathed a set of theories, institutions and

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took some years to get off the ground, and progress was patchy. Significant change was achieved, although agencies never really achieved the level of autonomy envisaged at the start. By 5 April 1993, 89 agencies had been established, and contained over 260,000 civil servants, some 49 per cent of the

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was an official adviser from 1981 to 1984, and again in 1989. Walters' criticisms "of many aspects of Treasury policy, particularly in relation to exchange rate policy" and Thatcher's refusal to dismiss him led to Nigel Lawson's resignation as chancellor in 1989. Thatcher also claimed that the 1981

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would be made accountable directly (in some cases to Parliament) for performance. Agencies were to, as far as possible, take a commercial approach to their tasks. However, the Government conceded that agency staff would remain civil servants, which diluted the radicalism of the reform. The approach

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Their main role is regarding the recruitment of civil servants. They have the responsibility to ensure that all civil servants are recruited on the "principle of selection on merit on the basis of fair and open competition." They maintain a recruitment code on the interpretation and application of

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recommended a permanent, unified, politically neutral civil service, with appointments made on merit, and a clear division between staff responsible for routine ("mechanical") and those engaged in policy formulation and implementation ("administrative") work. The report was not implemented, but it

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or publicly expressing controversial political viewpoints, while less senior civil servants at an intermediate (managerial) level must generally seek permission to participate in political activities. The most junior civil servants are permitted to participate in political activities, but must be

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By 1998, 42 Charters had been published, and they included services provided by public service industries such as the health service and the railways, as well as by the civil service. The programme was also expanded to apply to other organisations such as local government or housing associations,

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Since reforms by the Cabinet Office in 2013, the Maundy Thursday (Easter) and Christmas privilege days are no longer available for new civil servants. For civil servants who were in their positions when the changes came into force, these 1.5 days have been converted into additional annual leave.

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is to describe civil servants, and in particular their grades, predominantly through a lens of administrative activity (as in the current structure of the table above), but in practice the civil service has, and always had, a number of subdivisions, with the Historic Grades having an additional

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The Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government of 2010–2015 had proposed introducing a more American style system where senior civil servants, such as permanent secretaries, became political appointees. However, this was dropped after it was considered that the existing permanent civil

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series of novels) that technical and scientific expertise was mushrooming, to a point at which the "good all-rounder" culture of the administrative civil servant with a classics or other arts degree could no longer properly engage with it: as late as 1963, for example, the Treasury had just 19

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programme. This sought to empower the service user, by setting out rights to standards in each service area, and arrangements for compensation when these were not met. An Office of Public Service and Science was set up in 1992, to see that the Charter policy was implemented across government.

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a year spent at that time by the Civil Service consisted of essential services, and that the "mandarins" (senior civil servants) needed to focus on efficiency and management rather than on policy advice. In late 1981 the Prime Minister announced the abolition of the Civil Service Department,

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But, whether through lack of political will, or through passive resistance by a mandarinate which the report had suggested were "amateurs", Fulton failed. The Civil Service College equipped generalists with additional skills, but did not turn them into qualified professionals as

3238:(Cm 1730). Five-yearly or three-yearly policy and finance reviews of all agencies and other public bodies were instituted, where the first question to be answered (the "prior options exercise") was why the function should not be abolished or privatised. In November 1991 the 2922:

The Northcote–Trevelyan model remained essentially stable for a hundred years. This was attributed to its success in removing corruption, delivering public services, even under stress of war, and responding effectively to political change. Patrick Diamond argues:

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The PSMG considers issues of strategic importance to the Civil Service as a whole, as well as providing corporate leadership where a single position is required across all government departments. It is chaired by the Head of the Civil Service and consists of all

4744:, first broadcast in 2005, is a similar BBC television series that has been called "the 21st century's answer to Yes Minister". The series portrays a modernised version of the interactions between the Civil Service and the Government (chiefly in the form of 4065:

on behalf of the civil service as a whole. Below the senior civil service, each individual department/executive agency can put in place its own grading and pay arrangements, provided they still comply with the central civil service pay and review guidance.

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was set up in 1855 to oversee open recruitment and end patronage as Parliament passed an Act "to relieve the East India Company from the obligation to maintain the College at Haileybury". Prime Minister Gladstone took the decisive step in 1870 with his

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after her coronation, it would have been difficult for the Cabinet Office to abolish it by an administrative measure, so the Cabinet Office decided to retain this as a privilege day. Privilege days still count as "working days" for the purpose of

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The grading system used in the civil service has changed many times, and the current structure is made up of two schemes. All senior grades (Deputy Director / Grade 5 level and above) are part of the senior civil service, which is overseen by the

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The focus on smaller, more accountable, units revived the keenness of Ministerial interest in the perceived efficiencies of the private sector. Already in the late 1980s, some common services once set up to capture economies of scale, such as the

3922:, in an email sent to Conservative Party supporters, criticised civil servants as being part of an "activist blob of left-wing lawyers, civil servants and the Labour Party" which blocked government efforts to stop small boat crossings. 3721:

The CSSB was established in 2007 and meets monthly. Its role is to enhance the performance and reputation of the Civil Service by focusing on specific areas delegated to it by PSMG. The CSSB is chaired by the Head of the Civil Service.

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began in December 1984, was built on thereafter, and continues to this day, though the sums involved have always been small compared to the private sector, and the effectiveness of PRP as a genuine motivator has often been questioned.

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educated a good proportion of recruits from north of the border. The younger mandarins found excuses to avoid managerial jobs in favour of the more prestigious postings. The generalists remained on top, and the specialists on tap.

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The National Archives – Operational Selection Policy 24 – (which lists by date issues and events from March 1974 to 2000 relating to the machinery of Government and Civil Service management the key records of which should be

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as they must uphold the duty of being politically neutral. Under regulations first adopted in 1954 and revised in 1984, members of the Senior Civil Service (the top management grades) are barred from holding office in a

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The Commissioners also hear and determine appeals in cases of concern about propriety and conscience raised by civil servants under the Civil Service Code which cannot be resolved through internal procedures.

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would be Chief Executive of the Civil Service. From 24 October 2018 to 4 November 2018, the office of Head of the Civil Service was vacant, as Heywood resigned on health grounds. Following Heywood's death,

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It was believed with the Thatcher reforms that efficiency was improving. But there was still a perception of carelessness and lack of responsiveness in the quality of public services. The government of

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that principle, and approve any exceptions to it. They audit recruitment policies and practices within the Civil Service and approve all appointments to the most senior levels of the Civil Service.

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in Whitehall liaised with Dublin Castle. Some British departments' area of operation extended to Ireland, while in other fields the Dublin department was separate from the Whitehall equivalent.

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to implement the Northcote-Trevelyan proposals. This system was broadly endorsed by commissions chaired by Playfair (1874), Ridley (1886), MacDonnell (1914), Tomlin (1931) and Priestley (1955).

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The Civil Service Commissioners are not civil servants and are independent of Ministers, they are appointed directly by the Crown under Royal Prerogative and they report annually to the King.

6178: 3930:, accused Braverman of breaching the ministerial code. In response, a Conservative Party spokesperson said that the Home Secretary had not seen the wording of the email prior to its sending. 3201:. This envisaged a new approach to delivery featuring clear targets and personal responsibility. Without any statutory change, the managerial functions of Ministries would be hived off into 3234:, were being dismantled or sold off. Next, shortly after Thatcher left office, in July 1991, a new programme of market-testing of central government services began, with the White Paper 5718: 3167: 2755:

responsibilities which to some extent protect them from being used for the political advantage of the party in power. Senior civil servants may be called to account to Parliament.

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grew large. Each had its own system and staff were appointed by purchase or patronage. By the 19th century, it became increasingly clear that these arrangements were not working.

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system. In government, a civil service, replacing patronage with examination, similar to the Chinese system, was advocated a number of times over the next several decades.

3045:" of the higher civil service were too remote from the people. Indeed, between 1948 and 1963 only three per cent of the recruits to the administrative class came from the 2500: 1524: 1510: 3346:

It was announced on 11 October 2011 that, following O'Donnell's retirement at the end of 2011, the role of Head of the Home Civil Service would be split from the post of

2856:. They were chosen by the king on the advice of a patron, and typically replaced when their patron lost influence. In the 18th century, in response to the growth of the 2162: 668: 4069:

For other grades many departments overlay their own grading structure, however all these structures must map across to the central government structure as shown below.

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as a better social system in many areas than the state: government should be small but active. Many of her ministers were suspicious of the civil service, in light of

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Recruitment data from the 2018 Civil Service Fast Stream process showed that white applicants were 15 times more likely to be recruited than black candidates.

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A version of the civil service code was introduced in 2006 to outline the core values and standards expected of civil servants. The core values are defined as

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initiative may have had more impact on local organisations uncertain about what standards to aim for, than the parent Citizen's Charter programme itself.

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research that suggested public servants (as well as elected officials themselves) tend to act in ways that seek to increase their own power and budgets.

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with the Prime Minister's personal backing; he identified numerous problems with the Civil Service, arguing that only three billion of the eight billion

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as Head of the Civil Service. In July 2014 it was announced that Kerslake would step down and Heywood would take the title of Head of the HCS while

3078:(CPRS), and they were in particular given charge of a series of Programme Analysis and Review (PAR) studies of policy efficiency and effectiveness. 3825:

budget, which increased taxes during the recession and was criticised by 364 economists, had been devised by Walters. In 2000, then-Prime Minister

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designator (usually omitted for senior managers, but included from middle and junior managers) as shown as "xxx", with the major groupings being:

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at Haileybury near London, to train administrators, in 1806. The college was established on recommendation of officials in China who had seen the

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There is a long history of civil servants who are also literary authors, who often comment on their own institutions, including such writers as

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The position of Minister for the Civil Service is not part of the Civil Service as it is a political position which has always been held by the

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She immediately set about reducing the size of the civil service, cutting numbers from 732,000 to 594,000 over her first seven years in office.

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The Civil Service is a politically neutral body, with the function of impartially implementing the policy programme of the elected government.

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on 13 May 1997, which pivoted on the question whether as Minister he had intervened in the detailed management of the Prison Services Agency.

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within the core values. The Code includes an independent line of appeal to the Civil Service Commissioners on alleged breaches of the Code.

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had referred to it as 'the funding mechanism of choice for most public sector projects'. In 1995 the decision was taken to privatise the

2810:. As at the end of March 2021 there were 484,880 civil servants in the Civil Service, an increase of 6.23 per cent on the previous year. 2485: 2272: 1894: 819: 420: 75: 5751: 5858: 4728:

and its relationship with government ministers. The portrayal is a caricature of the civil service predominantly characterised through

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As of September 2020 a version updated in March 2015, with the same core values, was current. In addition to civil servants,

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still producing a large majority of successful English candidates, since the system continued to favour the tutorial system at

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are also covered by the code, except, due to the nature of the role, for the requirements for objectivity and impartiality.

2743:. The executive decisions of government ministers are implemented by the Civil Service. Civil servants are employees of the 7021: 6913: 6364: 5920: 4822: 3706: 3304: 3162: 2721: 2450: 2337: 2327: 2290: 2250: 2220: 2195: 2157: 1919: 1839: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 661: 394: 84: 62: 3865:"; this was seen as inappropriate political manipulation of the Civil Service. In particular, under the administration of 6747: 4807: 4037: 2697: 2427: 2392: 2387: 2347: 2332: 2322: 2305: 2300: 2295: 1572: 638: 360: 330: 301: 161: 3776:

politically neutral in the exercise of their duties. In periods prior to General Elections, the Civil Service undergoes

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The Civil Service Commissioners' Recruitment Code is maintained by the Civil Service Commissioners and is based on the

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The highest ranking civil servant is the Cabinet Secretary. A subsidiary title that was also held by the incumbent is

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in government departments can reduce the political neutrality of public administration. In Thatcher's government,

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Site explaining what being a civil servant is all about, maintained by a senior public official, Martin Stanley

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the three posts were split from the single holder. The last person to hold all three positions together was

6820: 6690: 3777: 3188: 2949: 2795: 2595: 2455: 2039: 1938: 1868: 1855: 1831: 1662: 1657: 3881:, both of whom were given formal power over Downing Street civil servants, provoked widespread criticism. 3813:, also created in 1998, is responsible for regulation of contacts between public officials and lobbyists. 6920: 6538: 5946: 5434: 5054:

Report on the Organisation of the Permanent Civil Service, Together with a Letter from the Rev. B. Jowett

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seems somewhat similar to the Swedish model, though no influence from Sweden has ever been acknowledged.

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James B. Christoph, "Political Rights and Administrative Impartiality in the British Civil Service", in

3713:. This includes the Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, and the Head of the Diplomatic Service. 3157:

was introducing a comprehensive system of corporate and business planning (known as MINIS) first in the

6908: 3239: 3134: 3126: 2945: 2880: 2626: 1944: 1593: 1537: 1389: 755: 706: 5514: 6715: 6700: 6633: 5635:"Obituary-Sir Alan Walters:Economic adviser to Margaret Thatcher, he opposed Britain joining the ERM" 3354:

replaced him as Cabinet Secretary – serving until 24 October 2018 when he retired on health grounds;

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Following the Second World War demands for change grew again. There was a concern (illustrated in

6813: 6725: 6680: 6658: 6643: 5416: 5331:"Civil Service Live Network: Kerslake to head civil service with promise of 'visible leadership'" 3176: 3091: 2984: 2890: 2803: 2515: 1772: 1743: 1677: 1552: 578: 117: 6035: 5473: 5398: 6752: 6710: 6695: 6653: 6531: 6302: 4693: 4036:

The structure of the Civil Service is divided into organisations, grades and professions. Each

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The political neutrality of the civil service was called into question during the 2016 – 2019

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The Offices of State grew in England, and later the United Kingdom centred around the street

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was criticised for appointing 20 special advisers (compared to eight under his predecessor

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employees. Although there is no fixed legal definition, the term is usually defined as a "

8: 6675: 6488: 6337: 5713: 5556:"Political Neutrality, The Duty of Silence and the Right To Publish in the Civil Service" 5555: 4716: 4237: 3889: 2705: 2190: 1997: 1767: 1706: 1611: 1606: 1567: 1516: 296: 183: 5708:"Believe me, the Civil Service is trying to sink Brexit. I have seen it from the inside" 4674:. This was an extra full day of leave at Christmas, in addition to the bank holidays of 6214: 4772: 3944: 3150:

principle of pay comparability with the private sector was abandoned in February 1982.

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did in France. Recruits to the fast stream self-selected, with the universities of

2916: 2709: 2245: 2133: 2125: 2104: 2088: 1690: 1641: 1491: 1481: 451: 381: 6238:"White people 15 times more likely than black candidates to get civil service job" 2849: 6427: 5781: 5689: 5177:"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1986" 4740: 4729: 4658: 3854: 3772: 3210: 3192: 3046: 2861: 2016: 1814: 1461: 1443: 719: 342: 188: 5836: 5431:"Sir Peter Ricketts, Permanent Under Secretary, Foreign and Commonwealth Office" 3912:

Chiefs warning that Brexit was having an "unsettling" effect on civil servants.

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The Current Structure identifies a number of distinct professional groupings:

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transferring power over the Civil Service to the Prime Minister's Office and

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practices to subsequent generations of administrators in the central state.

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principle of selection on merit on the basis of fair and open competition.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

6588: 6578: 6509: 5287:"Sir Gus O'Donnell, Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Home Civil Service" 4760: 4756: 3923: 3885:

service style was better-suited to the government of the United Kingdom.

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also Permanent Secretary, Department of Communities and Local Government

3355: 3115: 2907: 2693: 2007: 1466: 623: 574: 502: 336: 253: 178: 5837:"Suella Braverman: Civil servants demand apology over small boats email" 2910:

demonstrated that the military was as backward as the civil service. A

39: 6583: 6418:"These Unfortunate Events": Lessons of Recent Events at the Former DTLR 6034:. UK Civil Service, the Cabinet Office. 1 February 2010. Archived from 5986:. UK Civil Service, the Cabinet Office. 1 February 2010. Archived from 4679: 4223:

Assistant Under Secretary, latterly Under Secretary or Director General

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cost of special advisers across all government departments had reached

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accusing the civil service of having a "pro-Remain bias". In response

548: 7031: 6478: 5254:"Sir Jeremy Heywood, Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service" 4675: 4670: 4663: 3849:, was forced to resign because of the actions of his special adviser 3809:

official who promised privileged access to government ministers. The

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working in a civil capacity who is not the holder of a political (or

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Academic article on the first fifteen years of the Citizen's Charter

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granted to employees of the civil service. These are in addition to

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New Managerialism: Administrative Reform in Whitehall and Canberra

6179:"Ministry of Defence – Supporting Narrative and Pay Scales – 2010" 3766:, civil servants are legally barred from standing for election as 6805: 6670: 6473: 5810:"Brexit has brought civil servants a barrage of unfair criticism" 5583:

Ministers plot end to Civil Service neutrality – UK Politics – UK

2752: 2732: 2590: 2060: 1402: 6523: 3988: 3699: 4721: 3834: 2495: 1695: 6333:"Civil servants keep extra holidays despite mandarin's pledge" 6105:"PART 3: CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE SINCE 1967 (continued)" 4568:

Digital, Data and Technology (formerly Information Technology)

3323:), who until recently was also the Permanent Secretary of the 5222:

showing the difficulty of this boundary was the interview of

4911:. The House of Commons. 2021. Part 1 / Chapter 2 / Section 1. 2621: 1634: 5943:

Parliament and Constitution Centre, House of Commons Library

2501:

Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union

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Other (for minority groups, such as Investigating Officers)

4410:

Industrial Process & General Supervisory Grade E (PGSE)

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High Minds: The Victorians and the Birth of Modern Britain

4687:

Because the Queen's Birthday privilege day was granted by

4662:. This was a half day on the afternoon of the Thursday of 3838: 3343:

which are the main governing bodies of the Civil Service.

6921:

Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)

5127:

Governing Britain: Power, Politics and the Prime Minister

4705: 4008:

set out guidance on how civil servants should respond to

2557: 6331:

Steven Swinford and Christopher Hope (26 October 2013).

5511:"Civil Service Commissioners website (Code of Practice)" 2936:

was separate from the British Civil Service. Whilst the

815:

Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions

5903:"The Introduction to the Civil Service Management Code" 6107:. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 45. Archived from 4748:), as well as the media's involvement in the process. 4645:

Before 2013, there were 2.5 privilege days each year:

4015: 3965:. A key change from previous values is the removal of 3908:

and Head of the Civil Service, issued a letter to all

3747:

Northern Ireland has a separate Commission called the

3716: 3049:, and in 1966 more than half of the administrators at 805:

Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

6441:

Literature in the Civil Service: Sublime Bureaucracy

6097: 5578: 5576: 5050: 3985:

order for them to make internal personnel policies.

6050: 5976: 5917:"The Civil Service Commissioners' Recruitment Code" 5531:. Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland. 5382:

Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000

3533:also Permanent Secretary, Civil Service Department 3517:also Permanent Secretary, Civil Service Department 3358:as Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary; and lastly, 2817:is a separate civil service in the United Kingdom. 6416:House of Commons Public Administration Committee, 5936:"The Osmotherly Rules (Standard Note: SN/PC/2671)" 5774: 5706: 5529:"Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland" 5505: 5503: 5501: 3816:The increasing influence of politically appointed 3371:was given the additional Civil Service portfolio. 3198:Improving Management in Government: The Next Steps 794:2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies 5573: 3805:leader, was introduced by a lobbyist to a senior 3292: 3173:Efficiency and Effectiveness in the Civil Service 3106: 2959: 1385:Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom 7049: 6505:Collection of civil service conduct and guidance 5488:"Civil Service Commissioners website (About Us)" 5446: 5444: 5289:. UK Government. 29 January 2009. Archived from 4440:Higher Clerical Officer (HCO) or Industrial PGSD 3979: 3749:Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland 2782:(who are politically appointed); members of the 2751:. Civil servants also have some traditional and 6010:"Grades and types of work in the Civil Service" 5498: 5480: 5241:Transforming Central Government: the Next Steps 5123: 5004:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 287. 3853:, who instructed a departmental civil servant, 2860:and economic changes, institutions such as the 2778:". As such, the civil service does not include 5659:The advisers: Modernisation or politicisation? 4024:was published in 2000 to replace the previous 3725: 810:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 6821: 6539: 6131:"PART 4: THE CIVIL SERVICE TODAY (continued)" 6058:"Equivalent Civil Service and Military Ranks" 5919:. Civil Service Commissioners. Archived from 5513:. Civil Service Commissioners. Archived from 5490:. Civil Service Commissioners. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and 2897:, private Secretary to Gladstone who, with 2762:in the United Kingdom does not include all 820:Senedd constituencies and electoral regions 6828: 6814: 6546: 6532: 6123: 5851: 4988: 4473:Clerical Assistant (CA) or Industrial PGSB 3780:which further restricts their activities. 2950:the Irish executive based at Dublin Castle 2831:the incorruptible spinal column of England 2665: 2651: 1763:Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties 1701:Measure of the National Assembly for Wales 38: 27:Permanent bureaucracy of the British state 6072: 5632: 5628: 5626: 5624: 3018:Learn how and when to remove this message 2852:for their leaders, who held positions at 1139:European Parliament elections (1979–2019) 6267:Department for International Development 6255: 6024: 5395:"Permanent Secretaries Management Group" 5313:"Cabinet Secretary announces retirement" 5150: 4466:Clerical Officer (CO) or Industrial PGSC 3261: 3209:setting out their objectives, and whose 2731:, the Civil Service, often known by the 2676: 6926:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury 6519:Guardian Special Report – Civil Service 5909: 5521: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5021:. Acorn Independent Press. p. 26. 5014: 3754: 3256:Occupational Health & Safety Agency 3242:was launched, and by November 1994 the 14: 7050: 6510:BBC brief on the British Civil Service 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6235: 5807: 5621: 3783:All civil servants are subject to the 3195:(now in No. 10), published his report 2906:came as the bureaucratic chaos in the 2901:, drafted the key report in 1854. The 2186:Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute 6809: 6527: 6404:Constitutional and Administrative Law 6188:. Ministry of Defence. Archived from 6060:. whatdotheyknow.com. 1 February 2010 5927: 5789:from the original on 10 December 2022 5772: 5617:Committee on Standards in Public Life 4699: 4443: 4354: 4262: 4147: 4113: 4098: 4095: 4080:and historical grade names are shown 3938: 3811:Committee on Standards in Public Life 3791:; this followed an incident known as 3482:also Joint Secretary to the Treasury 3466:also Joint Secretary to the Treasury 3329:Coalition Government of David Cameron 2798:; officers or staff of either of the 2531:United Kingdom and the United Nations 2176:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 5739: 5721:from the original on 12 January 2022 5593: 5591: 5462: 5423: 5387: 5272: 4887:. Cabinet Office. 2021. p. 15. 4823:Public and Commercial Services Union 4577:Knowledge and Information Management 4089: 3337:Permanent Secretary Management Group 3305:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 3114:came to office in 1979 believing in 2996:adding citations to reliable sources 2963: 2251:British National (Overseas) passport 2196:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 2158:British Overseas Territories citizen 1652:2011 referendum on law-making powers 1548:Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly 85:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 6281: 6137:. UK Parliament. 92. Archived from 5971:Directory of Civil Service Guidance 5933: 5153:The Irish administration, 1801-1914 4595:Procurement and Contract Management 4571:Inspector of Education and Training 4022:Directory of Civil Service Guidance 4016:Directory of Civil Service Guidance 3999: 3795:, where an undercover reporter for 3717:Civil Service Steering Board (CSSB) 2739:, forms an inseparable part of the 2727:As in other states that employ the 1245:Northern Ireland Assembly elections 302:Republicanism in the United Kingdom 24: 6938:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office 6835: 6769:National civil service commissions 6367:. 24 February 2012. Archived from 5773:Blitz, Jamie (30 September 2019). 4930:. House of Lords. 2014. p. 4. 4055: 3833:) and for the fact that the total 3785:Official Secrets Acts 1911 to 1989 25: 7079: 7022:Prime Minister's New Year Message 6553: 6462: 6236:Martin, Amy-Clare (5 July 2020). 5984:"Civil Service Equivalent Grades" 5905:. UK Government. 9 November 2016. 5588: 4629: 4545:Professional and Technology (PTO) 4254:Under Secretary or Superintendent 4072:All current grades are marked in 3892:, with political figures such as 2948:was retained in formal charge of 2700:of Crown employees that supports 1430:Greater London Authority Act 1999 6892: 6886: 6387: 5808:Dudman, Jane (30 October 2019). 5671:Spin doctor role under spotlight 5380:David Butler and Gareth Butler, 4967:"Civil Service Statistics: 2021" 4866: 4808:His Majesty's Diplomatic Service 4598:Programme and Project Management 4436:Administrative or Support Ranks 3847:Secretary of State for Transport 3732:First Civil Service Commissioner 3129:, the former chief executive of 3098:while to an extent the Scottish 2968: 2825: 2620: 2607: 2589: 2574: 645: 547: 517: 485: 359: 329: 258: 233: 160: 7068:Cabinet Office (United Kingdom) 6961:Parliamentary Private Secretary 6434:The Changing Anatomy of Britain 6402:Bradley, A.W. and Ewing, K.D., 6353: 6324: 6296:"Public and privilege holidays" 6229: 6207: 6171: 6162: 6153: 6002: 5964: 5869: 5829: 5801: 5766: 5740:Read, Jonathan (11 July 2019). 5733: 5699: 5676: 5664: 5652: 5609: 5600: 5548: 5535: 5472:. UK Government. Archived from 5454:. UK Government. Archived from 5433:. UK Government. Archived from 5415:. UK Government. Archived from 5397:. UK Government. Archived from 5374: 5349: 5323: 5305: 5246: 5233: 5212: 5203: 5194: 5169: 5144: 5117: 5090: 5064: 5044: 5035: 4908:House of Commons Staff Handbook 4283:Assistant Secretary or Director 4111:1971 unified grading structure 4010:Parliamentary select committees 3549:also Secretary to the Treasury 3450:also Secretary to the Treasury 3434:also Secretary to the Treasury 3418:also Secretary to the Treasury 3402:also Secretary to the Treasury 3168:Financial Management Initiative 2536:United Nations Security Council 216:Other constitutional principles 7063:Civil Service (United Kingdom) 6495:Cabinet Office – official site 6474:Official Civil Service website 5597:Bradley and Ewing, pp. 279–80. 5543:Canadian Public Administration 5470:"Civil Service Steering Board" 5008: 4976:. UK Government. 31 March 2021 4934: 4915: 4899: 4875: 4841: 4813:Northern Ireland Civil Service 4525: 4050:non-departmental public bodies 3693:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3677:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3661:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3629:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3613:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3597:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3581:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3565:also Secretary to the Cabinet 3321:Head of the Home Civil Service 3299:Minister for the Civil Service 3293:Minister for the Civil Service 3187:, who had been recruited from 3171:, launched in September 1982 ( 3107:Margaret Thatcher's government 2960:Lord Fulton's committee report 2815:Northern Ireland Civil Service 2796:non-departmental public bodies 2072:British Indian Ocean Territory 1617:Act of the Scottish Parliament 1415:English votes for English laws 1395:Council of Nations and Regions 154:Politics of the United Kingdom 67:Minister for the Civil Service 13: 1: 7037:Portrait of Margaret Thatcher 7007:Downing Street Christmas Tree 6500:GOV.UK – How Government Works 6457:(Open University Press, 1994) 5934:Gay, Oonagh (4 August 2005). 5103:. Random House. p. 476. 5051:Charles E. Trevelyan (1853). 4924:House of Lords Staff Handbook 4829: 4156:Admiral of the Fleet (OF-10) 3980:Civil Service Management Code 3287: 3271:sought to tackle this with a 3159:Department of the Environment 2191:Gibraltar sovereignty dispute 1622:Scottish statutory instrument 1197:Scottish Parliament elections 683:Justices of the Supreme Court 6436:(Hodder and Stoughton, 1982) 6411:British Government in Crisis 5633:Alan Budd (6 January 2009). 4834: 4651:The King's Official Birthday 4634:A privilege day is a day of 4553:Communications and Marketing 4522:NB – XXX is standing in for 4393:Lieutenant Commander (OF-3) 4268:Director or Deputy Director 4031: 3341:Civil Service Steering Board 2792:local government authorities 2729:Westminster political system 2456:politics of Northern Ireland 1658:Government of Wales Act 1998 790:UK Parliament constituencies 7: 6956:Principal Private Secretary 6361:"Time-limit for responding" 6215:"Civil Service professions" 5661:, BBC News, 12 January 2000 4786: 4162:Marshal of the RAF (OF-10) 3926:, general secretary of the 3863:a good day to bury bad news 3726:Civil Service Commissioners 3707:first permanent secretaries 3248:Chessington Computer Centre 3244:Chancellor of the Exchequer 3076:Central Policy Review Staff 2066:British Antarctic Territory 1390:Legislative consent motions 532:The Lord McFall of Alcluith 10: 7084: 6976:Director of Communications 6909:First Lord of the Treasury 6479:Civil Service Club website 5673:, BBC News, 5 January 2004 5606:Bradley and Ewing, p. 280. 5452:"Civil Service governance" 5384:, Macmillan, 2000, p. 302. 5130:. I.B.Tauris. p. 42. 4872:Bradley and Ewing, p. 272. 4849:"About us - Civil service" 4364:Lieutenant Colonel (OF-4) 4214:Lieutenant General (OF-8) 3942: 3729: 3498:also Permanent Secretary, 3296: 3240:private finance initiative 2946:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 2903:Northcote–Trevelyan Report 2881:East India Company College 2820: 2506:UK–EU withdrawal agreement 6999: 6946: 6901: 6884: 6843: 6787: 6761: 6626: 6561: 6396:Chinese Ideas in the West 5717:. London. 18 March 2019. 5015:Jenkins, Terence (2013). 4601:Property Asset Management 4502: 4497: 4476: 4471: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4438: 4435: 4431:Flight Lieutenant (OF-2) 4414: 4406: 4403: 4386: 4381: 4374: 4371: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4350:Deputy Assistant Director 4346: 4330: 4305: 4293: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4231: 4200: 4186:Air Chief Marshal (OF-9) 4130: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4092: 3762:Like all servants of the 3751:which has the same role. 3327:. However, following the 3317:Head of the Civil Service 3311:Head of the Civil Service 2758:In general use, the term 2581:United Kingdom portal 2471:Northern Ireland Protocol 1810:Non-metropolitan District 1499:Northern Ireland Act 1998 749:Monetary Policy Committee 201:Parliamentary sovereignty 127: 109:Head of the Civil Service 93: 51: 46: 37: 6779:Civil service by country 6450:(Baseline, Tisbury 1999) 5877:"The Civil Service code" 5859:"The Civil Service Code" 5839:. BBC News. 8 March 2023 5124:Patrick Diamond (2013). 4478:Administrative Assistant 4388:Higher Executive Officer 4383:Higher xxx Officer (HxO) 4376:Senior xxx Officer (SxO) 4356:Senior Executive Officer 4348:Assistant Principal or 4248:Air Vice Marshal (OF-7) 4099:Equivalent military rank 3933: 3500:Civil Service Department 3228:Property Services Agency 3191:in July 1983 to run the 3061:Civil Service Department 2912:Civil Service Commission 2702:His Majesty's Government 2149:Turks and Caicos Islands 1420:Greater London Authority 570:Leader of the Opposition 275:William, Prince of Wales 144:This article is part of 6948:Prime Minister's Office 6426:26 October 2016 at the 5688:4 December 2007 at the 5683:Uncivil to the servants 5072:"History of Haileybury" 4399:Squadron Leader (OF-3) 3869:, the influence of two 3177:Performance-related pay 2891:William Ewart Gladstone 2806:(NHS); or staff of the 2804:National Health Service 1895:Community council areas 1773:Non-metropolitan county 1553:Law of Northern Ireland 118:Chief Operating Officer 94:Organisation executives 6774:Government occupations 6303:Office of Fair Trading 5615:, Sixth Report of the 4694:freedom of information 4445:Administrative Officer 4367:Wing Commander (OF-4) 4159:Field Marshal (OF-10) 4020:A two-volume 125-page 3133:, was appointed as an 3037:Strangers and Brothers 2930: 2842: 2681: 2234:Diplomatic missions of 2078:British Virgin Islands 7058:Public administration 7017:Number 10 Policy Unit 7012:Ministerial Broadcast 6991:Official Spokesperson 6931:Government Chief Whip 6608:Public administration 6448:The New Civil Service 6085:. civilservant.org.uk 5973:, Cabinet Office 2000 5923:on 19 September 2008. 5865:on 23 September 2008. 5563:Parliamentary Affairs 5494:on 14 September 2008. 5458:on 21 September 2008. 5401:on 15 September 2008. 5239:Patricia Greer, 1994, 5097:Simon Heffer (2013). 4818:Public administration 4408:xxx Officer (xO) or 4342:Group Captain (OF-5) 4277:Air Commodore (OF-6) 4245:Major General (OF-7) 3768:Members of Parliament 3491:Sir William Armstrong 3262:The Citizen's Charter 3236:Competing for Quality 3219:Next Steps Initiative 2942:Parliament of Ireland 2925: 2829: 2680: 2476:British–Irish Council 2461:Good Friday Agreement 2273:Free trade agreements 2238:in the United Kingdom 2049:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 1965:Bailiwick of Guernsey 1525:deputy First Minister 1410:Governance of England 421:Deputy Prime Minister 76:Deputy Prime Minister 52:Ministers responsible 47:Organisation overview 18:British civil servant 6878:Privy Council Office 6627:By country/territory 6032:"What's in a grade?" 5437:on 21 November 2008. 5357:"Sir Jeremy Heywood" 4734:Sir Humphrey Appleby 4589:Operational Research 4586:Operational Delivery 4242:Rear Admiral (OF-7) 4211:Vice Admiral (OF-8) 4177:Permanent Secretary 4168:Permanent Secretary 4026:Guidance on Guidance 3841:4 million. In 2001, 3755:Political neutrality 3558:Sir Robert Armstrong 3148:Priestley Commission 3100:Ancient universities 2992:improve this section 2885:imperial examination 2800:Houses of Parliament 2794:; employees of some 2784:British Armed Forces 2780:government ministers 2768:servant of the Crown 2712:, which is led by a 2040:Overseas Territories 1805:Metropolitan Borough 1531:Emma Little-Pengelly 1472:Combined authorities 830:UK general elections 297:Counsellors of State 211:Separation of powers 133:gov.uk/civil-service 120:of the Civil Service 7027:Press Briefing Room 6966:Political Secretary 6856:Chief Whip's Office 6365:Ministry of Justice 6338:The Daily Telegraph 6312:on 7 September 2012 6141:on 20 December 2016 6111:on 20 December 2016 5714:The Daily Telegraph 5476:on 15 October 2008. 5200:Sampson, pp. 174–5. 5155:. Greenwood Press. 5078:on 27 December 2019 4730:Sir Nigel Hawthorne 4717:Yes, Prime Minister 4480:(AA) or Industrial 4447:(AO) or Industrial 4418:(EO) or Industrial 4217:Air Marshal (OF-8) 4117:SCS bands known as 4052:subordinate to it. 3890:Brexit negotiations 3606:Sir Andrew Turnbull 3475:Sir Laurence Helsby 3427:Sir Richard Hopkins 3207:Framework Documents 3165:. This led to the 3163:Ministry of Defence 3131:Marks & Spencer 2934:Irish Civil Service 2802:; employees of the 2706:Scottish Government 2263:UK–CD Customs Union 2027:UK-CD Customs Union 1998:Bailiwick of Jersey 1785:Unitary authorities 1768:Metropolitan county 1753:Ceremonial counties 1707:Act of Senedd Cymru 1612:Scottish Parliament 1568:Scottish devolution 34: 6986:Director of Policy 6432:Sampson, Anthony, 6217:. 19 November 2015 6195:on 26 October 2012 5990:on 13 January 2014 5696:, 26 February 2002 4773:William Wordsworth 4708:television series 4700:In popular culture 4689:Queen Elizabeth II 4425:Lieutenant (OF-2) 4327:Assistant Director 4153:Cabinet Secretary 4096:Current structure 4046:executive agencies 4038:Secretary of State 3945:Civil Service Code 3939:Civil Service Code 3873:special advisers, 3859:September 11, 2001 3654:Sir Jeremy Heywood 3590:Sir Richard Wilson 3443:Sir Edward Bridges 3203:Executive Agencies 2938:Acts of Union 1800 2895:Stafford Northcote 2877:East India Company 2749:British parliament 2741:British government 2682: 2022:Common Travel Area 1958:Crown Dependencies 1925:Preserved counties 1905:Shires of Scotland 481:King-in-Parliament 32: 7045: 7044: 6873:12 Downing Street 6868:11 Downing Street 6863:10 Downing Street 6803: 6802: 6574:Government agency 6186:National Archives 5028:978-1-909121-04-1 4884:Crown application 4616:Tax Professionals 4520: 4519: 4416:Executive Officer 4361:Commander (OF-4) 4298:Senior Principal 4274:Brigadier (OF-6) 4271:Commodore (OF-6) 4192:Deputy Secretary 4139:Cabinet Secretary 4114:1996 SCS changes 3906:Cabinet Secretary 3879:Alastair Campbell 3711:directors general 3697: 3696: 3622:Sir Gus O'Donnell 3510:Sir Douglas Allen 3411:Sir Horace Wilson 3395:Sir Warren Fisher 3348:Cabinet Secretary 3273:Citizen's Charter 3183:In February 1988 3155:Michael Heseltine 3135:efficiency expert 3112:Margaret Thatcher 3028: 3027: 3020: 2899:Charles Trevelyan 2692:is the permanent 2675: 2674: 2466:UK–Ireland border 2258:Visa requirements 2209:Foreign relations 2163:Visa requirements 2137: 2128: 2121: 1945:Historic counties 1832:Historic counties 1578:Scotland Act 1998 800:Political parties 697:England and Wales 630:King-on-the-Bench 562:Sir Lindsay Hoyle 197: 139: 138: 105:Cabinet Secretary 33:The Civil Service 16:(Redirected from 7075: 6896: 6890: 6851:9 Downing Street 6830: 6823: 6816: 6807: 6806: 6741:Northern Ireland 6548: 6541: 6534: 6525: 6524: 6446:Jonathan Tonge, 6443:(Palgrave, 2012) 6439:Sullivan, Ceri, 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6311: 6305:. 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Archived from 5747:The New European 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5630: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5604: 5598: 5595: 5586: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5560: 5552: 5546: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5507: 5496: 5495: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5419:on 17 July 2010. 5409: 5403: 5402: 5391: 5385: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5283: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5250: 5244: 5237: 5231: 5216: 5210: 5209:Sampson, p. 171. 5207: 5201: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5074:. Archived from 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4971: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4845: 4793:Colonial Service 4777:Anthony Trollope 4753:Geoffrey Chaucer 4746:special advisors 4404:Junior Managers 4372:Middle Managers 4294:Senior Managers 4207:Director General 4126:Royal Air Force 4087: 4086: 4079: 4006:Osmotherly Rules 4000:Osmotherly Rules 3974:special advisers 3920:Suella Braverman 3902:Sir Mark Sedwill 3818:special advisers 3670:Sir Mark Sedwill 3638:Sir Bob Kerslake 3574:Sir Robin Butler 3542:Sir Douglas Wass 3526:Sir Ian Bancroft 3459:Sir Norman Brook 3374: 3373: 3211:chief executives 3161:and then in the 3023: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3003: 2972: 2964: 2917:Order in Council 2879:established the 2840: 2710:Welsh Government 2667: 2660: 2653: 2625: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2601:Northern Ireland 2594: 2593: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2516:The Commonwealth 2145: 2134:Tristan da Cunha 2132: 2126:Ascension Island 2124: 2116: 2114: 2105:Pitcairn Islands 2089:Falkland Islands 2051: 1988: 1840:Northern Ireland 1642:Welsh devolution 1517:Michelle O'Neill 1492:Northern Ireland 1482:Cornwall Council 1298:Senedd elections 742:Deputy governors 707:Northern Ireland 669:Deputy President 649: 551: 541:House of Commons 521: 489: 382:Starmer ministry 363: 333: 262: 237: 191: 164: 141: 140: 135: 59:Sir Keir Starmer 42: 35: 31: 21: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7072: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7041: 6995: 6981:Press Secretary 6942: 6897: 6891: 6882: 6839: 6834: 6804: 6799: 6783: 6757: 6622: 6557: 6552: 6465: 6460: 6428:Wayback Machine 6406:(Pearson, 2003) 6390: 6385: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6298: 6294: 6293: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6083:"Civil Servant" 6081: 6080: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6039: 6038:on 28 June 2010 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5938: 5932: 5928: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5883:. 16 March 2015 5875: 5874: 5870: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5806: 5802: 5792: 5790: 5782:Financial Times 5771: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5754:on 6 April 2020 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5690:Wayback Machine 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5631: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5589: 5581: 5574: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5540: 5536: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5509: 5508: 5499: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5450: 5449: 5442: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5375: 5365: 5363: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5337:on 11 July 2012 5329: 5328: 5324: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5293:on 20 June 2011 5285: 5284: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5260:. UK Government 5252: 5251: 5247: 5238: 5234: 5220:locus classicus 5217: 5213: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5013: 5009: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4789: 4741:The Thick of It 4724:on the British 4702: 4659:Maundy Thursday 4632: 4610:Social Research 4592:Policy Delivery 4565:Human Resources 4542:Scientific (SO) 4528: 4499:Industrial PGSA 4428:Captain (OF-2) 4358:(SEO)/Band B2+ 4339:Colonel (OF-5) 4336:Captain (OF-5) 4307:Grade 6/Band A+ 4302:Deputy Director 4183:General (OF-9) 4180:Admiral (OF-9) 4134: 4132: 4107: 4100: 4093:Historic names 4073: 4058: 4056:Grading schemes 4034: 4018: 4002: 3991: 3982: 3947: 3941: 3936: 3915:In March 2023, 3875:Jonathan Powell 3855:Martin Sixsmith 3773:political party 3757: 3734: 3728: 3719: 3702: 3313: 3301: 3295: 3290: 3264: 3232:Crown Suppliers 3193:Efficiency Unit 3109: 3047:working classes 3024: 3013: 3007: 3004: 2989: 2973: 2962: 2862:Office of Works 2841: 2835: 2828: 2823: 2808:Royal Household 2788:police officers 2747:and not of the 2671: 2642: 2638:Other countries 2633: 2632: 2631: 2619: 2606: 2605: 2588: 2575: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2549: 2527: 2512: 2482: 2447: 2277: 2242: 2230: 2211: 2201: 2200: 2172: 2154: 2153: 2141: 2140: 2131: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2098: 2087: 2076: 2070: 2059: 2047: 2042: 2032: 2031: 2017:British Islands 2013: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1993: 1992: 1984: 1967: 1960: 1950: 1949: 1930:Principal areas 1916: 1909: 1872: 1865: 1843: 1836: 1735: 1727: 1717: 1716: 1660: 1649: 1647:1997 referendum 1638: 1631: 1580: 1573:1997 referendum 1564: 1557: 1501: 1495: 1488: 1462:London Assembly 1457:Mayoral cabinet 1444:Mayor of London 1432: 1425:1998 referendum 1406: 1399: 1380: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1340: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1292: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1239: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1191: 1142: 1141: 1135: 1133: 834: 833: 825: 785: 771: 770: 752: 722: 720:Bank of England 712: 711: 688: 634: 626: 621: 611: 610: 589:59th Parliament 585: 582: 573: 560: 536: 530: 506: 491: 484: 467: 457: 456: 438: 436: 424: 415: 403: 389: 377: 348: 343:King-in-Council 339: 317: 307: 306: 278: 231: 221: 220: 189:Treaty of Union 174: 131: 123: 89: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7081: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6971:Chief of Staff 6968: 6963: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6923: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6914:Prime Minister 6905: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6837:Downing Street 6833: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6810: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6753:European Union 6750: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6736:United Kingdom 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6618:Public service 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6551: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6464: 6463:External links 6461: 6459: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6371:on 26 May 2015 6352: 6323: 6280: 6254: 6228: 6206: 6170: 6161: 6152: 6122: 6096: 6071: 6049: 6023: 6001: 5975: 5963: 5952:on 30 May 2009 5926: 5908: 5894: 5868: 5850: 5828: 5800: 5765: 5732: 5698: 5675: 5663: 5651: 5620: 5608: 5599: 5587: 5572: 5547: 5534: 5520: 5517:on 9 May 2008. 5497: 5479: 5461: 5440: 5422: 5404: 5386: 5373: 5348: 5322: 5304: 5271: 5245: 5232: 5224:Michael Howard 5211: 5202: 5193: 5181:NobelPrize.org 5168: 5161: 5143: 5136: 5116: 5109: 5089: 5063: 5043: 5034: 5027: 5007: 4987: 4958: 4933: 4914: 4898: 4874: 4865: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4785: 4779:, and diarist 4765:Andrew Marvell 4701: 4698: 4684: 4683: 4667: 4655: 4631: 4630:Privilege days 4628: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4574:Internal Audit 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4539:Executive (EO) 4527: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4390:(HEO)/Band B2 4385: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4332:Grade 7/Band A 4329: 4319: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4304: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4264:SCS Pay Band 1 4261: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4235: 4233:SCS Pay Band 2 4230: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4204: 4202:SCS Pay Band 3 4199: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4149:SCS Pay Band 4 4146: 4141: 4136: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4063:Cabinet Office 4057: 4054: 4033: 4030: 4017: 4014: 4001: 3998: 3990: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3943:Main article: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3917:Home Secretary 3871:Downing Street 3807:Downing Street 3801:, posing as a 3756: 3753: 3730:Main article: 3727: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3352:Jeremy Heywood 3325:Cabinet Office 3312: 3309: 3297:Main article: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3263: 3260: 3144:Cabinet Office 3108: 3105: 3072:Downing Street 3051:undersecretary 3026: 3025: 2976: 2974: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2940:abolished the 2858:British Empire 2833: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2790:; officers of 2720:chosen by the 2686:United Kingdom 2673: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2617: 2603: 2598: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2486:European Union 2481: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2241: 2240: 2229: 2228: 2221:Foreign policy 2218: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2138: 2129: 2122: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2091: 2085: 2083:Cayman Islands 2080: 2074: 2068: 2063: 2057: 2052: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2011: 2010: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1982: 1977: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1900:Civil parishes 1897: 1892: 1887: 1878: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1849: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1822:Civil parishes 1819: 1818: 1817: 1815:London Borough 1812: 1807: 1792: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1778:Greater London 1775: 1770: 1760: 1750: 1741: 1729: 1728: 1725:Administration 1723: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1678:First Minister 1674: 1671:Wales Act 2017 1667:Wales Act 2014 1655: 1644: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1594:First Minister 1590: 1575: 1570: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1511:First Minister 1507: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1427: 1417: 1412: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1350: 1346:UK referendums 1344: 1339: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 979:1910 (Jan–Feb) 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 839:1801 co-option 835: 827: 823: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 786: 777: 776: 773: 772: 769: 768: 763: 758: 746: 745: 732: 731: 723: 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 704: 699: 694: 692:United Kingdom 687: 686: 676:The Lord Hodge 673: 672: 659: 658: 643: 642: 622: 617: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 607: 606: 596: 591: 584: 583: 565: 564: 545: 544: 535: 534: 515: 514: 511:House of Lords 500: 499: 477: 476: 468: 463: 462: 459: 458: 455: 454: 449: 444: 426: 425: 405: 404: 395:Prime Minister 379: 378: 357: 356: 327: 326: 318: 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 272: 271: 251: 250: 232: 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 186: 184:Bill of Rights 181: 175: 170: 169: 166: 165: 157: 156: 150: 149: 137: 136: 129: 125: 124: 122: 121: 111: 97: 95: 91: 90: 88: 87: 78: 69: 63:Prime Minister 55: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7080: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000:Miscellaneous 6998: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6831: 6826: 6824: 6819: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6808: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6748:United States 6746: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6613:Public policy 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6598:Spoils system 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6569:Public sector 6567: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6555:Civil service 6549: 6544: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6456: 6452: 6449: 6445: 6442: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6392: 6388:Cited sources 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6327: 6308: 6304: 6297: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6216: 6210: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6174: 6165: 6156: 6140: 6136: 6135:parliament.uk 6132: 6126: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6084: 6078: 6076: 6059: 6053: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5967: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5904: 5898: 5882: 5881:UK Government 5878: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5838: 5832: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5804: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5777: 5769: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5736: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5603: 5594: 5592: 5584: 5579: 5577: 5568: 5564: 5557: 5551: 5544: 5538: 5530: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5418: 5414: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5383: 5377: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5308: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5206: 5197: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5164: 5162:9780837185613 5158: 5154: 5147: 5139: 5137:9780857734679 5133: 5129: 5128: 5120: 5112: 5110:9781446473825 5106: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5056: 5055: 5047: 5038: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5011: 5003: 5002: 5001:Inside Europe 4997: 4996:Gunther, John 4991: 4975: 4968: 4962: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4926: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4909: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4840: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4726:civil service 4723: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4640:bank holidays 4637: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4532:lingua franca 4523: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4434: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4409: 4402: 4398: 4396:Major (OF-3) 4395: 4392: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4370: 4357: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4265: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4129: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4077: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3996: 3986: 3977: 3975: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3843:Stephen Byers 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3692: 3690:2020–present 3689: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333:Gus O'Donnell 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3300: 3285: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3205:, with clear 3204: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3121: 3120:public choice 3117: 3113: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3022: 3019: 3011: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2977:This section 2975: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2873:Charles Grant 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2838: 2832: 2826:Establishment 2818: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2764:public sector 2761: 2760:civil servant 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2690:Civil Service 2687: 2679: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2615: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2571: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2521:member states 2519: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2438:United States 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2168:Visa policies 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2006: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1890:Council areas 1888: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1684:Eluned Morgan 1682: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 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639:Supreme Court 636: 635: 633: 631: 625: 620: 615: 614: 605: 602: 601: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 580: 576: 572: 571: 567: 566: 563: 559: 558: 554: 553: 552: 550: 543: 542: 538: 537: 533: 529: 528: 524: 523: 522: 520: 513: 512: 508: 507: 505: 504: 498: 497: 493: 492: 490: 488: 482: 475: 474: 473:UK Parliament 470: 469: 466: 461: 460: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 437: 434: 430: 429:Angela Rayner 423: 422: 418: 417: 416: 413: 409: 401: 397: 396: 392: 391: 390: 387: 383: 375: 371: 370: 366: 365: 364: 362: 355: 354: 353:HM Government 350: 349: 347: 346: 344: 338: 334: 332: 325: 324: 323:Privy Council 320: 319: 316: 311: 310: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 277: 276: 270: 269: 268:Heir apparent 265: 264: 263: 261: 256: 255: 248: 244: 243: 239: 238: 236: 230: 225: 224: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 195: 194:Acts of Union 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 176: 173: 168: 167: 163: 159: 158: 155: 152: 151: 147: 143: 142: 134: 130: 126: 119: 115: 112: 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Retrieved 6369:the original 6355: 6343:. Retrieved 6336: 6326: 6314:. Retrieved 6307:the original 6271:. Retrieved 6257: 6245:. Retrieved 6241: 6231: 6219:. Retrieved 6209: 6197:. Retrieved 6190:the original 6185: 6173: 6164: 6155: 6143:. Retrieved 6139:the original 6134: 6125: 6113:. Retrieved 6109:the original 6099: 6087:. Retrieved 6062:. Retrieved 6052: 6040:. Retrieved 6036:the original 6026: 6014:. Retrieved 6004: 5992:. Retrieved 5988:the original 5978: 5966: 5954:. Retrieved 5947:the original 5929: 5921:the original 5911: 5897: 5885:. Retrieved 5880: 5871: 5863:the original 5853: 5841:. Retrieved 5831: 5819:. Retrieved 5815:The Guardian 5813: 5803: 5791:. Retrieved 5780: 5768: 5756:. Retrieved 5752:the original 5745: 5735: 5723:. Retrieved 5712: 5701: 5694:The Scotsman 5693: 5678: 5666: 5654: 5642:. Retrieved 5639:The Guardian 5638: 5611: 5602: 5566: 5562: 5550: 5542: 5537: 5523: 5515:the original 5492:the original 5482: 5474:the original 5464: 5456:the original 5435:the original 5425: 5417:the original 5407: 5399:the original 5389: 5381: 5376: 5366:12 September 5364:. Retrieved 5360: 5351: 5339:. Retrieved 5335:the original 5325: 5316: 5307: 5295:. Retrieved 5291:the original 5262:. Retrieved 5257: 5248: 5240: 5235: 5227: 5219: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5184:. Retrieved 5180: 5171: 5152: 5146: 5126: 5119: 5099: 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5076:the original 5066: 5053: 5046: 5041:(Bodde 2005) 5037: 5018:London Tales 5017: 5010: 5000: 4990: 4978:. Retrieved 4973: 4961: 4949:. Retrieved 4945: 4936: 4923: 4917: 4907: 4901: 4883: 4877: 4868: 4856:. Retrieved 4852: 4843: 4781:Samuel Pepys 4769:Robert Burns 4750: 4739: 4738: 4715: 4711:Yes Minister 4709: 4703: 4685: 4669: 4657: 4649: 4644: 4636:annual leave 4633: 4625: 4619:Veterinarian 4548: 4531: 4529: 4521: 4505:Skill Zone 1 4504: 4498: 4482:Skill Zone 2 4481: 4477: 4472: 4465: 4449:Skill Zone 3 4448: 4444: 4439: 4420:Skill Zone 4 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4282: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4172: 4167: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4101:(NATO Code) 4081: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4059: 4035: 4025: 4021: 4019: 4003: 3994: 3992: 3983: 3971: 3966: 3963:impartiality 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3914: 3898:Nigel Farage 3894:Brexit Party 3887: 3883: 3861:, would be " 3822:Alan Walters 3815: 3798:The Observer 3796: 3782: 3761: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3720: 3703: 3369:Mark Sedwill 3364:John Manzoni 3360:Bob Kerslake 3345: 3340: 3336: 3320: 3319:(previously 3316: 3314: 3302: 3278: 3265: 3235: 3224: 3216: 3197: 3182: 3172: 3166: 3152: 3127:Derek Rayner 3124: 3116:free markets 3110: 3080: 3065: 3055: 3035: 3029: 3014: 3005: 2990:Please help 2978: 2954:Irish Office 2931: 2926: 2921: 2889: 2870: 2850:secretariats 2843: 2837:John Gunther 2830: 2812: 2759: 2757: 2726: 2689: 2683: 2413:South Africa 2398:Saudi Arabia 2119:Saint Helena 1911: 1881:Subdivisions 1867: 1852:Subdivisions 1838: 1744:Subdivisions 1730: 1676: 1633: 1600:John Swinney 1592: 1559: 1523: 1509: 1490: 1477:Metro mayors 1442: 1401: 1345: 1341: 1297: 1293: 1244: 1240: 1196: 1192: 1138: 1134: 828: 824: 747: 740: 733: 726: 681: 674: 667: 660: 653: 644: 637: 627: 568: 555: 546: 539: 527:Lord Speaker 525: 516: 509: 501: 494: 478: 471: 427: 419: 408:Keir Starmer 406: 393: 380: 367: 358: 351: 340: 335: 328: 321: 282:Royal family 273: 266: 257: 252: 240: 172:Constitution 81:Pat McFadden 29: 6706:New Zealand 6589:Technocracy 6579:Bureaucracy 6413:(Hart 2005) 6394:Bodde, D., 6375:17 December 6316:17 December 6273:17 December 6247:2 September 6168:Lapsed 1974 5887:8 September 5186:29 November 4858:14 February 4761:John Dryden 4757:John Milton 4559:Engineering 4526:Professions 4503:Industrial 4120:Royal Navy 4108:(pre 1971) 3959:objectivity 3924:Dave Penman 3356:Ian Watmore 3282:Chartermark 3153:Meanwhile, 3057:Lord Fulton 2908:Crimean War 2698:secretariat 2694:bureaucracy 2383:New Zealand 2378:Netherlands 2268:Visa policy 2246:UK passport 2008:Isle of Man 1935:Communities 1885:Sheriffdoms 1703:(1999–2011) 1467:London Plan 783:referendums 624:Charles III 604:List of MPs 575:Rishi Sunak 503:Charles III 465:Legislature 442:Departments 337:Charles III 292:Prerogative 254:Charles III 242:The Monarch 206:Rule of law 179:Magna Carta 7052:Categories 6762:Categories 6639:Bangladesh 6584:Bureaucrat 6490:preserved) 6145:4 December 6115:4 December 5785:. London. 5569:(4). 1986. 5297:6 December 5264:6 December 5243:, preface. 4942:"About us" 4893:1274541502 4830:References 4696:requests. 4680:Boxing Day 4613:Statistics 4604:Psychology 4323:Principal 4044:which has 4042:Department 3910:Department 3867:Tony Blair 3831:John Major 3827:Tony Blair 3686:Simon Case 3674:2018–2020 3658:2014–2018 3642:2012–2014 3626:2005–2011 3610:2002–2005 3594:1998–2002 3578:1988–1998 3562:1981–1987 3546:1981–1983 3530:1978–1981 3514:1974–1978 3495:1968–1974 3479:1963–1968 3463:1956–1962 3447:1945–1956 3431:1942–1945 3415:1939–1942 3399:1919–1939 3288:Governance 3269:John Major 3185:Robin Ibbs 3032:C. P. Snow 3008:April 2021 2866:Navy Board 2776:Civil List 2100:Montserrat 1691:Government 1607:Government 1450:Sadiq Khan 1378:Devolution 1069:1974 (Oct) 1064:1974 (Feb) 984:1910 (Dec) 756:Currencies 594:Opposition 287:Succession 114:Cat Little 101:Simon Case 7032:Partygate 6902:Residence 6844:Buildings 6792:See also: 6731:Sri Lanka 6726:Singapore 6659:Hong Kong 6634:Australia 5341:8 January 5228:Newsnight 4835:Citations 4676:Christmas 4671:Christmas 4664:Holy Week 4556:Economics 4032:Structure 3967:anonymity 3951:integrity 3793:Lobbygate 3789:lobbyists 3092:Cambridge 3074:came the 3043:mandarins 2979:does not 2846:Whitehall 2753:statutory 2737:Whitehall 2718:ministers 2418:Palestine 2403:Singapore 2316:Hong Kong 2281:Australia 2181:UK-OT JMC 2094:Gibraltar 1861:Districts 1795:Districts 1712:Welsh law 1627:Scots law 1538:Executive 779:Elections 761:Banknotes 655:President 619:Judiciary 447:Ministers 315:Executive 229:The Crown 6716:Pakistan 6701:Malaysia 6603:Diplomat 6562:Concepts 6424:Archived 6341:. London 5787:Archived 5719:Archived 5686:Archived 4998:(1940). 4787:See also 4583:Medicine 4238:Director 4144:Grade 1A 4135:Service 3851:Jo Moore 3803:business 3339:and the 3230:and the 3096:Oxbridge 2864:and the 2834:— 2772:judicial 2708:and the 2614:Scotland 2443:Zimbabwe 2433:Portugal 2423:Pakistan 2368:Malaysia 2286:Barbados 2055:Anguilla 1980:Alderney 1975:Guernsey 1869:Scotland 1856:Counties 1663:2006 Act 1587:2016 Act 1583:2012 Act 1561:Scotland 1543:Assembly 1504:2006 Act 1435:2007 Act 728:Governor 702:Scotland 452:Agencies 146:a series 6711:Nigeria 6686:Ireland 6671:Germany 6221:14 June 6199:13 June 6016:12 June 5843:9 March 5821:6 April 5793:6 April 5758:6 April 5725:6 April 5644:23 June 4951:5 April 4607:Science 4562:Finance 4288:Grade 5 4259:Grade 4 4228:Grade 3 4197:Grade 2 4173:Grade 1 4082:italics 3955:honesty 3896:Leader 3857:, that 3845:, then 3222:total. 3000:removed 2985:sources 2821:History 2733:metonym 2714:cabinet 2684:In the 2596:England 2490:history 2451:Ireland 2338:Germany 2328:Denmark 2291:Belgium 2225:history 2061:Bermuda 1920:History 1876:History 1847:History 1748:Regions 1739:History 1732:England 1403:England 889:1832–33 557:Speaker 369:Cabinet 128:Website 6721:Russia 6676:Greece 6666:France 6649:Canada 6644:Brazil 6345:26 May 6242:mirror 6089:15 May 6064:15 May 6042:7 July 5994:7 July 5956:22 May 5361:gov.uk 5317:GOV.UK 5258:gov.uk 5159: 5134: 5107: 5025: 4980:13 May 4974:gov.uk 4946:GOV.UK 4891: 4853:gov.uk 4722:satire 4720:are a 4507:(SZ1) 4484:(SZ2) 4451:(SZ3) 4422:(SZ4) 4131:Senior 4090:Group 4078: 4074: 4040:has a 3961:, and 3835:salary 3778:purdah 3386:Notes 3383:Dates 3254:, the 3146:. The 3139:pounds 3088:Oxford 2952:. 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