561:
545:
529:
581:
372:
276:
621:
514:
601:
168:
801:
809:
436:. The idea was that after the components of shoe uppers were cut by multiple operators they would be placed on a conveyor system which would carry the pieces through automatic machines. These machines would use vision systems to identify the components arriving in any order and orientation, and then decorate and join them as required. The first and only of these machines with vision to go on sale, in the mid 1990s, was the MPCS AUTOSCAN which produced decorative stitching on shoe upper components. However, although the vision system which used a T800
713:. Apax' solicitors immediately challenged his right to investigate a share holder under the PENSION SCHEMES ACT 1993, PART X which limits jurisdiction to scheme trustees, managers or employers. This forced the Ombudsman to drop the lead case and to advise others that "any complaints against directors of Texon or Apax would be outside the Pensions Ombudsman's jurisdiction as they are not employers, trustees, managers, or administrators in relation to the BUSM Pension Plan". Following advice from
229:
359:
the
District Court ruled nothing had changed, this time the Supreme Court ordered USM to be broken up. It was required to divest a substantial part of its business and change its leasing strategy over a 10-year period. The sell-off raised $ 400 million but attempts at diversification failed to generate enough money and in 1976 the company, heavily in debt, was bought by Emhart Corporation, now
26:
1265:
1246:
652:, the Apax former head of Buyouts and Roger Earl. Earl was to head the 2000 Management buyout in which Moulton was the majority shareholder and controlling interest. Tim Wright of Apax was a common director of both BUSM and Texon's parent company. The company failed to thrive. In February 2000, the Crispin
741:
minister, she recommended "that the
Companies Investigation Branch should look at the concerns raised by my constituent. It may be that the problem falls between DTI and OPRA; but it is clearly important that such serious allegations are properly investigated." The response merely referred to the CIB
820:
was made for 1210 houses on the former site on Ross Walk by
Trafalgar Global Ltd. The construction of new homes commenced in 2010 with the first residential occupiers of site moving there in 2011. The first phase of the development was completed in 2011 by Westleigh Developments Ltd. The chimney was
198:
to negotiate a merger with USM and the company which would eventually become BUSM (British United Shoe
Machinery) was incorporated in October 1899 with the Union Works factory as its headquarters. The 1st years accounts dated 31 May 1900, showed 200 employees, profits of £16500 and £300,000 capital.
833:
awarded funds to record the social history of BUSM -described as a "powerhouse of
British manufacturing" -via a website, DVD and book. Founder member of the BU History Group, Burt McNeill, reflecting on the fact that BUSM operated throughout the twentieth century, described the project as a chance
358:
in that the company had been a monopoly since 1912. A "trial of prodigious length" followed but although the verdict went against USM, the corporation wasn't broken up and the judgement and remedy was confirmed by the
Supreme Court in 1954. The government renewed its complaint in 1967 but although
746:
citing the "mysterious circumstances" under which the pensions disappeared. Timms agreed to "look into" the complaints saying that "in recent years, there have been too many instances of that kind." The press expected a proper enquiry. In
September 2005 Timms wrote back to Edward Garnier saying
697:
but this organisation at that time could only investigate alleged wrongdoing by
Trustees and notoriously lacked effectiveness The regulator did say that the complaint contained information which "might be of interest to the DTI" though a dossier submitted via Patricia Hewitt under Section 447 the
175:
During the nineteenth century, many shoe manufacturing processes were mechanised and the resulting numerous small factories merged over time. In 1882, Tomlin and Sons of
Leicester, cutlery and shoe machinery manufacturer and William Pearson of Leeds were acquired by Merry and Bennion which by the
782:
regional news led with interviews of those attending. For some, it was too late. George Curtis, a
Parkinson's sufferer was forced to work beyond 55, the age of ill health retirement at BUSM. ITV showed Curtis at work and followed up later when, thanks to Altmann's campaigning, he was awarded a
656:
product division, a key IT asset, was sold by installments to Texon, allegedly at a knock down price. The company continued to manufacture machinery, producing a stock pile which remained unsold until purchased from the Administrator by the management buy out company. On 14 September 2000 the
383:
in 1971, the 1970s saw the company's advantage in complex production machinery eroded, as off the shelf hydraulics, pneumatics and electronics replaced many mechanical components, reducing the cost of entry to new competitors. The already strong German and US competition and the growing
791:
MP Ashok Kumar said, "I think these people needed flogging. I feel so angry on behalf of decent upright citizens robbed of their basic human rights. ...'These are greedy, selfish, capitalists who live on the backs of others. In a modern democracy these people have been robbed"
560:
643:
The award-winning Research and Development department's budget was "promptly cut.. by 60 per cent" and Chris Price left for Rolls-Royce where he eventually became an Executive Vice President. On completion of the demerger in 1998, Coutts joined Apax owned
159:. This new company itself went into administration in September 2006. In November 2006 a new independent company, Advent Technologies Ltd, was formed by former workers of BUSM providing technical support, advice and spare parts for the range of BUSM machinery.
688:
Once the Independent Trustee revealed the full extent of the pension loss in January 2002, Apax's alleged role in the collapse of the company came under scrutiny. Three separate complaints were made, all rejected on the grounds of jurisdiction leading
544:
668:
Convenor and Pensions Trustee Bob Duncan had long assured workers that whatever happened to the Company their pensions were safe. Unfortunately and unknown to Duncan, the official advice on which this was based on simply wasn't true. As one of four
483:
USM-Texon as the group became known, transferred workers to its new pension scheme. USM-Texon was in a unique position, the only one in the world manufacturing both shoe materials and machinery. Now focusing on materials, it opened a factory in
747:
that the Pensions Regulator had found no breach of Pensions Regulations, though the Pensions Ombudsman was still investigating two complaints. Neither organisation of course could investigate Apax so Timms' "investigation" revealed nothing new.
224:
machinery, which had the advantage of minimising entry costs for new customers. Lease restrictions however caused much resentment and there was particularly strong opposition from Northampton manufacturers who feared it was becoming a monopoly.
528:
1263:, David C. Reedman, Clive Preece & Clive Preece, "DETECTING WORKPIECE ORIENTATION AND TREATING WORKPIECES WITHOUT REORIENTING", published 1989-08-29, assigned to British United Shoe Machinery Ltd.
215:
The new British United Shoe Machinery was uniquely able to supply a footwear manufacturer with all machinery needs. By 1908 the company's technical innovations were sufficiently noteworthy to attract a visit from the
1413:
447:" led by John Foster purchased the whole worldwide shoe machinery business, excluding materials, at a cost of £80M. This included shoe machinery manufacturing plants in England, Germany, the US, Brazil and Taiwan.
580:
308:. By 1930 it had 12 UK sales and service branches, a valuable asset for customers before reliable car travel was available. Issued capital was seven times greater than 1899 and profits were ten times greater.
513:
702:
was rejected as the DTI could not investigate unincorporated bodies such as pension schemes, an investigation was unlikely to be effective, and complaints were best handled by the Pensions Ombudsman.
600:
411:, four KTM numeric control machining centres were installed for discrete component manufacturing. BUSM's unique application of FMS to highly varied, low volume work remained in use for 15 years.
785:
Sir Ronald Cohen and Apax insist all questions have been addressed but in the absence of any meaningful enquiry, it was left to MPs, Ros Altmann, and the media to comment on Apax's behaviour.
2040:
639:. Apax appointed Dr Neil Coutts as BUSM Chief Executive and later that year, the company completed its largest ever shoe factory installation; a factory in Vietnam which employed 7000 people.
323:
which was originally intended for mounting in aircraft, especially for use in the anti-tank role. No operational use was made of the experimental aircraft fitted with this gun, but the
288:
The 1920s saw the company diversify into shoe components including those made from synthetic materials, a process that continued after World War II and helped reduce the effects of the
176:
mid-1890s was a leading supplier of UK shoe machinery. Renamed Pearson and Bennion, in 1898 it moved to the new Union Works factory on Ross Walk near Belgrave Road also known as the
1063:
132:. The company had "a respected reputation for technical innovation and excellence", between 1898 and 1960, it developed and marketed nearly 800 new and improved shoe machines and
742:
investigation in 2002 and its conclusion that "the issues raised were best dealt with by other bodies." Garnier raised the issue again with the new Minister for Pensions Reform
183:
In February 1899, the 3 major US shoe machinery companies, Goodyear Machinery Company, Consolidated Hand Lasting Machine Company and McKay Shoe Machinery Company merged to form
2086:
1532:
1586:
1348:
657:
USM-Texon scheme transferred assets into the BUSM plan set up in March 1999. On 30 September a new valuation of this scheme showed it needed payment of £2.3m to meet
1454:
648:
which went into receivership in 2003, leaving workers worse off than if they "had never joined the Dexion scheme." Coutts remained a BUSM director, others included
450:
Chris Price, a former BUSM graduate apprentice who became Research and Development Manager and eventually rose to the board rejoined the MBO as Technical Director.
440:
was successful, accurately manipulating the shoe upper components (which can range from stiff and curled to floppy and intricately shaped) was always problematic.
147:
The collapse of the company in October 2000 destroyed the pensions of the workers. Their story became "one of the most vivid examples of what can go wrong with..
641:
In 1997, USM-Texon announced they would demerge into British United Shoe Machinery and Texon UK "in order to increase the focus on their respective businesses."
788:
Ros Altmann described BUSM as "one of the worst cases of scheme wind-ups that I have seen. ..the actions of the former owners - Apax - have been immoral."
124:
In the 1960s and 1970s, it was Leicester's biggest employer employing more than 4,500 locally and 9500 worldwide. Most of the workforce was recruited via an
1792:
2044:
717:
workers went to see their MPs, and also found strong support from both National and local newspapers. They blamed Apax for having engineered the collapse
311:
WW2 saw a much higher percentage of BUSM's precision engineering capacity switched to manufacturing arms than in WW1. Products included Naval gun sights,
2114:
1311:
443:
By 1986 Emhart's business strategy had changed to avoid highly cyclical industries like footwear. After 18 months negotiation, "Britain’s largest ever
1871:
738:
404:
1744:
1067:
463:
Under Emhart's ownership, the old Union Works was demolished and the site, the sports club and the Mowmacre Hill sports ground were sold off.
2119:
199:
A further 10 acres (40,000 m) of land was purchased in 1901 from the Belgrave Road Cricket and Bicycle Grounds, the former home of both
339:
2087:
https://web.archive.org/web/20141227215923/http://www.sdsa.net/images/WW1-SPSF/Resource%20Pack%203%20Research%20Guides%20-%20Factories.pdf
2076:
1845:
1671:
1649:
1244:, "Workpiece identification apparatus", published 1983-03-09, assigned to The British United Shoe Machinery Company Limited
459:"We have broken free of the shackles of a multi-product group run on financial criteria, so we can now run a single industry business".
962:
1697:
Dickson Minto WS letter to Carl Monk, Investigating Assistant, Office of the Pensions Ombudsman, Ref M00840/cm, dated 20 January-2003
764:
371:
1566:
Company 4479445 British United Shoe Machinery Directors Reporte and Consolidated statements for the year ended 31 December-2004
682:
1593:
1352:
275:
1025:
2099:
1484:
620:
1502:
1462:
661:. Around 1 October, the third and final installment for Crispin was paid and on 4 October the bank put in Administrators.
396:
both using cheaper labour and all started to source local machinery. BUSM itself initiated design simplification offering
2069:
BU History group ..a Lottery funded website describing the experiences of workers at the B.U. and inviting contributions.
504:
1026:"United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corporation, District Ct. of the U.S., District of Mass., 1949-1952 Finding Aid"
1769:
1177:
866:
830:
184:
106:
2124:
2006:
690:
653:
567:
471:
375:
The older of the factory buildings, known as "Union Works", of British United Shoe Machinery being demolished, 1987
1949:
1619:
467:
319:
aero engine. BUSM also worked extensively on aspects of the development and was the main sub-contractor for the
248:, the company became a "Controlled Establishment" with workers pay and conditions very tightly regulated by the
171:
British United Shoe Machinery Co. Ltd. main entrance, fronting on to Union Works, Belgrave Road, Leicester, 1984
940:
167:
109:
of the US, becoming part of a group which for most of the 20th century was the world's largest manufacturer of
693:
to tell Parliament that "Some serious joined-up thinking is needed on all these issues". Duncan complained to
408:
800:
425:
2095:
808:
760:
407:
sponsored a transformation of BUSM's manufacturing processes with what was one of Europe's most advanced
380:
217:
152:
1707:
466:"BU's renewed vigour" became apparent when in 1989, it was one of only three UK companies to win both a
1241:
1169:
658:
1260:
1557:
Company House Accounts 363's Annual Return USM Group Holdings Ltd Company No 3473337 11 November 1999
706:
241:
1293:
628:
Initial optimism turned sour and the flotation was cancelled, leading to its acquisition in 1995 by
1896:
Daniel McAllister (6 February 2006). "Apax faces inquiry into BUSM scheme conduct". Pensions Week.
1620:"The Ombudsman in Question:the Ombudsman's report on pensions and its constitutional implications"
1984:
1927:
624:
British United Shoe Machinery buildings and later main entrance, Ross Walk, Leicester, about 2000
519:
493:
320:
177:
2073:
804:
British United Shoe Machinery main factory building being demolished, Ross Walk, Leicester, 2010
1288:
767:
694:
415:
1349:"Institution of Mechanical Engineers' heritage website President Frank Christopher Price 1995"
759:
included the news that workers would receive most of their expected pensions from an improved
726:
497:
355:
253:
249:
279:
British United Shoe Machinery factory buildings & bridge over Ross Walk, Leicester, 1986
817:
245:
481:
for around $ 125M, doubling turnover to £200m and increasing the workforce to around 3000.
8:
338:
machines in its manufacturing with the prototype Kearns horizontal boring machine now in
98:
74:
1688:
email from David McKinlay, dated July 2003 in response to complaint made in October 2002
1617:
1029:
710:
699:
678:
397:
316:
265:
200:
121:
the USM group became headquartered in Leicester until entering administration in 2000.
113:
machinery and materials, exporting shoe machinery to more than 50 countries. After two
2074:
BBC People's War British United Shoe Machinery Company (in WW2), author Kenneth Pearce
354:
brought proceedings against USM, the parent company of BUSM, alleging a breach of the
1173:
862:
478:
444:
360:
335:
269:
156:
118:
834:
to tell, not just a part of Leicester's history, but of British industrial history.
812:
The site of British United Shoe Machinery on Ross Walk during redevelopment, in 2010
1575:
Company 3473337 USM Group Holdings Reports and Accounts 31 December-1998 section 22
779:
756:
722:
453:
414:
The company also developed computer control machinery claiming world leadership of
331:. BUSM was the main subcontractor for several hundred examples built for the navy.
312:
305:
301:
204:
503:
Chris Price's achievements were recognised as he became the 1995 president of the
2091:
2080:
734:
733:, the Health Secretary and a local MP also called for an enquiry. In a letter to
730:
670:
629:
191:
1488:
228:
1510:
718:
685:, Duncan blamed the government's misleading information. The Committee agreed.
607:
587:
550:
Panorama of Shoe machinery on the USM-Texon stand at the international fair at
429:
289:
240:
saw over 800 of the highly skilled workers joining the armed forces. Under the
148:
1974:
1917:
2108:
771:
743:
632:
591:
351:
328:
366:
1279:
Price, F Christopher (October 1995). "Engineering success using teamwork".
141:
477:
In 1990 BUSM bought the shoe materials company Texon from Emhart's owners
714:
674:
649:
261:
237:
94:
2083:
Company 3473337 USM Group Holdings Reports and Accounts 31 December-1998
2014:
1618:
House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee (20 July 2006).
433:
984:
665:
615:
437:
421:
420:
A long-term research project, starting in the late 1970s and involving
324:
125:
1259:
571:
551:
535:
315:
and the technically very demanding precision cast wheelhouse for the
257:
137:
129:
1975:"Leicester Chimney Demolition BBC 1 East Midlands 21.01.12 1727.wmv"
105:, was formed around the turn of the 20th century as a subsidiary of
1770:"Work and Pensions-Written Questions:British United Shoe Machinery"
534:
Shoe machinery on the USM-Texon stand at the international fair at
114:
110:
39:
25:
1979:
1922:
489:
418:
shoe machinery and 75% of the world market by the end of the 80s.
221:
102:
78:
1533:"Michael paid his pension for 34 years. Then he lost everything"
2068:
645:
485:
393:
195:
133:
1414:"Texon Pension Trustees Ltd v USM Texon Ltd, Case HC 99 01817"
1587:"Case CO/4927/2006 Citation no:[2007]EWHC 242(Admin)"
389:
385:
236:
Despite the huge increase in demand for military footwear,
522:(1942) on display at the Silk Mill Museum, Derby, in 2010.
256:
led to orders for a range of military equipment including
775:
636:
367:
Decline, partial recovery and return to private ownership
635:
for £131M. John Foster retired in 1996 and received an
1584:
664:
The failure caused little initial surprise or anger as
610:
automatic decorative stitcher for shoe-upper components
128:
scheme which trained a large proportion of Leicester's
1281:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
2041:"Lotto funding boost helps people to explore history"
1485:"Article: Dexion poised for 350m pound Nordic merger"
729:
have had..about the collapse of the pension scheme".
1066:. leicester mercury. 1 February 2010. Archived from
774:
took place shortly afterwards following which, both
616:
Failed Flotation, Apax Partners and pension collapse
824:
1816:
218:British Association for the Advancement of Science
210:
1895:
1833:letter from Alan Johnson MP to Patricia Hewitt MP
1793:"Hewitt calls for new inquiry into BUSM pensions"
1650:"Deferred Pensions, Dr Ashok Kumar: Column 235WH"
1487:. The Scotsman. 23 September 1998. Archived from
2106:
1830:
1708:"PART X INVESTIGATIONS: THE PENSIONS OMBUDSMAN"
1625:. The Stationery Office Limited. pp. 13–14
1455:"Engineering executive's delight at OBE honour"
1028:. Harvard Law School. July 2004. Archived from
938:
681:campaign. Invited to give evidence before the
570:section of the USM-Texon stand at the fair at
474:. Exports accounted for 60% of the business.
400:and cementing as an alternative to stitching.
2092:Clippings about British United Shoe Machinery
2038:
1865:
1863:
1745:"Another pensions problem for the Government"
1728:
1592:. The Royal Courts of Justice. Archived from
388:shoe industry was joined by competition from
30:US Founders of British United Shoe Machinery.
1915:
1906:DWP Letter to Edward Garnier MOS(PR)/05/1595
1869:
1819:Letter to Alan Johnson MP Ref CARL002/050826
1790:
1742:
1585:The Hon Mr Justice Bean (21 February 2007).
1872:"Government agrees to BUSM pension inquiry"
985:"USM in Beverly USA Background and history"
295:
2115:Manufacturing companies based in Leicester
1950:"Application 20070419 Ross Walk BUSM site"
1860:
24:
1918:"BUSM Pension Collapse in Leicestershire"
1343:
1341:
1292:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
340:Manchester Institute of Technology museum
190:Pearson and Bennion's managing director,
2034:
2032:
1644:
1642:
1640:
807:
799:
619:
520:Rolls-Royce type BH 40mm Aircraft Cannon
370:
274:
227:
166:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1396:
1394:
1306:
1304:
1087:
1085:
859:USM Serving the Shoemaker for 100 years
673:litigants, Duncan played a key part in
633:Apax Partners Corporate Finance Limited
345:
140:, at one time employing 5% of the UK's
2107:
1338:
1011:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
882:
880:
878:
763:. A long-standing meeting arranged by
683:Public Administration Select Committee
300:The company flourished throughout the
151:". The company subsequently went into
2029:
1999:
1987:from the original on 12 December 2021
1930:from the original on 12 December 2021
1637:
1441:
1400:
1385:
1373:
1332:
1278:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1050:
1005:
913:
909:
907:
898:
886:
861:. Shoe Trades Publishing. p. 7.
856:
2120:Shoe companies of the United Kingdom
1428:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1326:
1301:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1082:
999:
852:
850:
848:
846:
795:
334:Post war, BUSM was an early user of
232:World War 1:Naval gun mountings 1916
220:. The company followed US policy of
2043:. Leicester Mercury. Archived from
1817:Patricia Hewitt MP (21 June 2005),
1509:. 23 September 1998. Archived from
1447:
1186:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1044:
941:"Private equity stole our pensions"
919:
875:
505:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
13:
2039:Alan Thompson (23 November 2012).
977:
955:
904:
892:
283:
14:
2136:
2062:
1729:Paul Strachan (21 October 2004),
843:
363:, an organisation half its size.
327:saw its potential when fitted to
1831:Alan Johnson MP (25 July 2005),
1461:. 3 January 2008. Archived from
825:BU History Group lottery project
739:Department of Trade and Industry
599:
579:
559:
543:
527:
512:
405:Department of Trade and Industry
1967:
1942:
1909:
1900:
1889:
1838:
1824:
1810:
1784:
1762:
1736:
1731:BUSM Pension Plan, ref 25995/PS
1722:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1664:
1611:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1525:
1495:
1477:
1406:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1157:
1056:
939:Nick Mathiason (10 June 2007).
705:Workers then complained to the
492:, India in 1994 and planned to
211:Expansion and business strategy
1672:"MPs savage pensions watchdog"
1312:"Mr John Foster, OBE, Hon LLD"
507:, the youngest for 100 years.
432:to automate the production of
409:Flexible manufacturing systems
1:
1870:Pam Atherton (25 July 2005).
1791:Pam Atherton (29 June 2005).
837:
107:United Shoe Machinery Company
87:British United Shoe Machinery
19:British United Shoe Machinery
1743:Pam Atherton (18 May 2005).
1416:. 7 December 2000. p. 1
821:demolished in January 2012.
750:
725:and asked what discussions "
468:Queen's Award for Technology
162:
7:
2096:20th Century Press Archives
1916:Andy Reed MP (5 May 2007).
761:Financial Assistance Scheme
153:administrative receivership
10:
2141:
1652:. Hansard. 17 January 2006
1170:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust
659:Guaranteed Minimum Pension
590:automatic stitcher at the
244:passed in response to the
1314:. University of Leicester
1064:"Short sporting lifetime"
707:Pensions Advisory Service
472:Queen's Award for Exports
416:microprocessor controlled
342:being installed in 1949.
242:Munitions of War Act 1915
155:and was the subject of a
70:
62:
54:
46:
35:
23:
566:Elements of the Crispin
488:South China in 1993 and
381:Queen's Award for Export
296:Great Depression and WW2
2125:Apax Partners companies
2079:2 February 2012 at the
1848:. Hansard. 25 July 2005
1772:. Hansard. 5 April 2005
965:. The National Archives
963:"The National Archives"
321:Rolls-Royce 40mm Cannon
42:machinery and materials
1954:Leicester City Council
1846:"Stakeholder Pensions"
1242:GB patent 2067326B
813:
805:
677:eventually successful
625:
376:
280:
252:. BUSM's expertise in
233:
172:
1261:US patent 4862377
1166:Rolls-Royce Armaments
1164:Birch, David (2000).
987:. Cummings Properties
943:. Observer Newspapers
811:
803:
623:
574:, Germany, late 1990s
554:, Germany, late 1990s
538:, Germany, late 1990s
498:London Stock Exchange
374:
356:Sherman Antitrust Act
350:In December 1947 the
278:
254:precision engineering
250:Ministry of Munitions
231:
185:United Shoe Machinery
170:
1876:The Sunday Telegraph
1797:The Sunday Telegraph
1749:The Sunday Telegraph
1172:. p. numerous.
1070:on 13 September 2012
857:Howie, Iain (1999).
818:planning application
757:Budget of March 2007
500:the following year.
346:Monopoly and breakup
246:Shell Crisis of 1915
1676:The Daily Telegraph
1537:The Daily Telegraph
1491:on 3 November 2012.
1032:on 10 December 2012
630:Venture Capitalists
456:Richard Bates said
99:Belgrave, Leicester
75:Belgrave, Leicester
20:
1513:on 3 November 2012
1465:on 11 October 2008
814:
806:
711:Pensions Ombudsman
700:Companies Act 1985
626:
479:Black & Decker
398:Injection moulding
379:Though BUSM won a
377:
361:Emhart Teknologies
317:Rolls-Royce Merlin
281:
234:
201:Leicester Fosse FC
173:
18:
1355:on 26 August 2009
796:BUSM Factory Site
691:Dr Ashok Kumar MP
608:vision-controlled
588:vision-controlled
445:Management buyout
336:numerical control
264:parts as well as
157:management buyout
119:management buyout
117:and a BUSM-based
84:
83:
2132:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2013:. Archived from
2011:BUhistory.org.uk
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1646:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:. 7 October 2006
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1351:. Archived from
1345:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1009:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
936:
917:
911:
902:
896:
890:
884:
873:
872:
854:
831:National Lottery
723:Sir Ronald Cohen
709:and then to the
675:Dr Ros Altmann's
603:
583:
563:
547:
531:
516:
454:Finance Director
313:Besa machine gun
306:Second World War
302:Great Depression
205:Leicester Tigers
136:more than 9,000
28:
21:
17:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2105:
2104:
2081:Wayback Machine
2065:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1599:on 22 July 2011
1596:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1507:The Independent
1503:"Dexion merger"
1501:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1459:Harborough Mail
1453:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1294:10.1.1.824.5149
1277:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1012:
1008:, pp. 7–11
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
983:
982:
978:
968:
966:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
937:
920:
912:
905:
897:
893:
885:
876:
869:
855:
844:
840:
827:
798:
784:
765:Loughborough MP
753:
735:Alan Johnson MP
731:Patricia Hewitt
671:Judicial Review
642:
640:
618:
611:
604:
595:
584:
575:
564:
555:
548:
539:
532:
523:
517:
482:
462:
419:
369:
348:
298:
286:
284:Shoe components
213:
192:Charles Bennion
165:
58:Charles Bennion
31:
12:
11:
5:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2089:
2084:
2071:
2064:
2063:External links
2061:
2059:
2058:
2028:
2017:on 9 July 2019
1998:
1966:
1941:
1908:
1899:
1888:
1859:
1837:
1823:
1809:
1783:
1761:
1735:
1721:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1663:
1636:
1610:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1524:
1494:
1476:
1446:
1427:
1405:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1337:
1325:
1300:
1287:(5): 337–340.
1271:
1252:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1178:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1081:
1055:
1043:
1010:
998:
976:
954:
918:
903:
891:
874:
867:
841:
839:
836:
826:
823:
797:
794:
783:pension at 60.
770:with minister
752:
749:
719:Edward Garnier
617:
614:
613:
612:
606:MPCS AUTOSCAN
605:
598:
596:
586:MPCS AUTOSCAN
585:
578:
576:
565:
558:
556:
549:
542:
540:
533:
526:
524:
518:
511:
430:machine vision
368:
365:
347:
344:
329:Motor gunboats
297:
294:
290:Economic cycle
285:
282:
260:mountings and
212:
209:
164:
161:
149:Private Equity
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:
33:
32:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2137:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2047:on 5 May 2013
2046:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1892:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1771:
1765:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1709:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1678:. 7 May 2003.
1677:
1673:
1667:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1621:
1614:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1444:, p. 125
1443:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1415:
1409:
1403:, p. 124
1402:
1397:
1395:
1388:, p. 121
1387:
1382:
1376:, p. 114
1375:
1370:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1335:, p. 115
1334:
1329:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1262:
1256:
1243:
1237:
1231:, p. 109
1230:
1225:
1219:, p. 111
1218:
1213:
1207:, p. 103
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1179:1-872922-15-5
1175:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1094:, p. 105
1093:
1088:
1086:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1002:
986:
980:
964:
958:
942:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
915:
910:
908:
901:, p. 90.
900:
895:
889:, p. 117
888:
883:
881:
879:
870:
868:0-9536531-0-2
864:
860:
853:
851:
849:
847:
842:
835:
832:
822:
819:
810:
802:
793:
789:
786:
781:
777:
773:
772:James Purnell
769:
766:
762:
758:
748:
745:
744:Stephen Timms
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
696:
692:
686:
684:
680:
679:Pensionstheft
676:
672:
667:
662:
660:
655:
651:
647:
638:
634:
631:
622:
609:
602:
597:
593:
592:Royal Society
589:
582:
577:
573:
569:
562:
557:
553:
546:
541:
537:
530:
525:
521:
515:
510:
509:
508:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
480:
475:
473:
469:
464:
461:
460:
455:
451:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
428:, was to use
427:
423:
417:
412:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
373:
364:
362:
357:
353:
352:US government
343:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
293:
291:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
230:
226:
223:
219:
208:
206:
202:
197:
193:
188:
186:
181:
180:, Leicester.
179:
169:
160:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
142:patent agents
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
27:
22:
16:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2010:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1978:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1953:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1921:
1911:
1902:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1875:
1850:. Retrieved
1840:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1748:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1627:. Retrieved
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1506:
1497:
1489:the original
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1458:
1449:
1418:. Retrieved
1408:
1381:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:the original
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1284:
1280:
1274:
1255:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1195:, p. 99
1188:
1165:
1159:
1154:, p. 85
1147:
1142:, p. 51
1135:
1130:, p. 89
1123:
1118:, p. 53
1111:
1106:, p. 47
1099:
1072:. Retrieved
1068:the original
1058:
1053:, p. 19
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1001:
989:. Retrieved
979:
967:. Retrieved
957:
945:. Retrieved
916:, p. 23
894:
858:
829:In 2012 the
828:
815:
790:
787:
754:
704:
687:
663:
654:shoe CAD/CAM
627:
568:shoe CAD/CAM
502:
476:
465:
458:
457:
452:
449:
442:
422:universities
413:
403:In 1983 the
402:
378:
349:
333:
310:
299:
287:
235:
214:
189:
182:
174:
146:
123:
93:) Ltd. with
90:
86:
85:
71:Headquarters
15:
2021:6 September
1881:24 February
1852:24 February
1802:24 February
1776:24 February
1754:20 February
1714:26 February
1656:28 February
1629:20 February
1603:21 February
1469:28 February
1420:20 February
947:28 February
715:Ros Altmann
650:Jon Moulton
434:shoe uppers
426:polytechnic
262:aero engine
238:World War I
178:Golden Mile
95:head office
2109:Categories
2051:7 December
2007:"About Us"
1991:8 December
1959:8 December
1442:Howie 1999
1401:Howie 1999
1386:Howie 1999
1374:Howie 1999
1333:Howie 1999
1229:Howie 1999
1217:Howie 1999
1205:Howie 1999
1193:Howie 1999
1152:Howie 1999
1140:Howie 1999
1128:Howie 1999
1116:Howie 1999
1104:Howie 1999
1092:Howie 1999
1074:1 February
1051:Howie 1999
1036:18 January
1006:Howie 1999
969:19 January
914:Howie 1999
899:Howie 1999
887:Howie 1999
838:References
816:In 2007 a
666:shop floor
438:Transputer
325:Royal Navy
138:inventions
126:apprentice
1289:CiteSeerX
1168:. Derby:
768:Andy Reed
751:Aftermath
727:ministers
572:Pirmasens
552:Pirmasens
536:Pirmasens
258:Naval gun
163:Formation
130:engineers
115:takeovers
2077:Archived
1985:Archived
1934:10 March
1928:Archived
1318:15 March
991:15 March
594:, London
304:and the
194:went to
134:patented
111:footwear
40:Footwear
36:Industry
2098:of the
2094:in the
1980:YouTube
1923:YouTube
1543:2 March
1517:2 March
1359:7 March
496:on the
490:Chennai
386:Italian
222:leasing
187:(USM).
103:England
79:England
63:Defunct
55:Founder
47:Founded
1710:. OPSI
1291:
1267:
1248:
1176:
865:
737:, the
721:named
646:Dexion
486:Foshan
470:and a
424:and a
394:Taiwan
266:shells
196:Boston
1623:(PDF)
1597:(PDF)
1590:(PDF)
494:float
390:Korea
270:fuzes
2053:2012
2023:2013
1993:2015
1961:2015
1936:2010
1883:2010
1854:2010
1804:2010
1778:2010
1756:2008
1716:2010
1658:2010
1631:2010
1605:2010
1545:2010
1519:2010
1471:2010
1422:2010
1361:2010
1320:2010
1174:ISBN
1076:2010
1038:2010
993:2010
971:2010
949:2010
863:ISBN
778:and
755:The
695:OPRA
392:and
268:and
203:and
91:BUSM
66:2000
50:1899
2100:ZBW
1285:209
780:ITV
776:BBC
637:OBE
97:in
2111::
2031:^
2009:.
1983:.
1977:.
1952:.
1926:.
1920:.
1874:.
1862:^
1795:.
1747:.
1674:.
1639:^
1535:.
1505:.
1457:.
1430:^
1393:^
1340:^
1303:^
1283:.
1084:^
1013:^
921:^
906:^
877:^
845:^
292:.
272:.
207:.
144:.
101:,
77:,
2055:.
2025:.
1995:.
1963:.
1938:.
1885:.
1856:.
1806:.
1780:.
1758:.
1718:.
1660:.
1633:.
1607:.
1547:.
1521:.
1473:.
1424:.
1363:.
1322:.
1297:.
1182:.
1078:.
1040:.
995:.
973:.
951:.
871:.
89:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
