510:
716:
640:
731:" (GCHQ) in 1946. The Joint Intelligence Bureau (JIB) was established the same year. It was structured into a series of divisions: procurement (JIB 1), geographic (JIB 2 and JIB 3), defences, ports and beaches (JIB 4), airfields (JIB 5), key points (JIB 6), oil (JIB 7) and telecommunications (JIB 8).
707:, Bletchley Park veteran and official historian of British Intelligence in World War II, made a similar assessment about Ultra, saying that it shortened the war "by not less than two years and probably by four years"; and that, in the absence of Ultra, it is uncertain how the war would have ended.
781:
intercepted radio communications from Soviet ships reporting their positions and used that to establish where they were heading. A copy of the report was sent directly to the White House
Situation Room, providing initial indications of Soviet intentions with regards the US naval blockade of Cuba.
1706:
The set of algorithms, equations and arcane mathematics that make up public key cryptography are a crucial technology for preserving computer privacy in and making commerce possible on the
Internet. Some hail its discovery as one of the most important accomplishments of 20th-century mathematics
500:
government. The Bureau was split into naval and army sections which, over time, specialised in foreign espionage and internal counter-espionage activities respectively. This specialisation, formalised prior to 1914, was a result of the
Admiralty intelligence requirements related to the maritime
113:
in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for
Britain during World War I, and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events. During the Second World War and afterwards, many observers regarded
869:(CPNI) was formed as a child agency of MI5 in 2007, merging the NISCC and NSAC. CPNI provided integrated (combining information, personnel, and physical) security advice to the businesses and organisations which made up the critical national infrastructure.
2125:
The first published account of the previously secret wartime operation, concentrating mainly on distribution of intelligence. It was written from memory and has been shown by subsequent authors, who had access to official records, to contain some
340:
Support the
National Security Council and the Joint Intelligence Committee by providing coordination on strategic issues, all-source intelligence analysis, and policy advice to the Prime Minister and other senior ministers.
495:
The Secret
Service Bureau was founded in 1909 as a joint initiative of the Admiralty and the War Office to control secret intelligence operations in the UK and overseas, particularly concentrating on the activities of the
2018:
750:
has attended the Joint
Intelligence Committee's weekly meetings. One former US intelligence officer has described this as the "highlight of the job" for the London CIA chief. Resident intelligence chiefs from
796:
As well as a mission to gather intelligence, GCHQ has for a long time had a corresponding mission to assist in the protection of the
British government's own communications. Building on the work of
552:
was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for
Britain during World War I, and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events.
695:
and the person who controlled distribution of Ultra decrypts to the government): "It is thanks to the secret weapon of
General Menzies, put into use on all the fronts, that we won the war!"
1776:
891:
was formalised to provide intelligence assessment and advice on development of the UK intelligence community's analytical capability for the Joint Intelligence Committee and NSC.
1956:
1975:
2234:
2312:
130:. Intelligence cooperation in the post-war period between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the "
734:
Wartime signals intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States continued in the post-war period. The two countries signed the bilateral
529:, the two sections underwent administrative changes so that the internal counter-espionage section became the Directorate of Military Intelligence Section 5 (
2506:
835:
466:
1927:
866:
1849:
2663:
2164:
567:
In 1919, the Cabinet's Secret Service Committee, recommended that a peacetime codebreaking agency should be created. Staff were merged from NID25 and
2473:
197:
2370:
888:
348:
887:(NSC) was established in 2010, reestablishing the central coordination of national security issues seen in the Committee of Imperial Defence. The
2348:
1305:
895:
428:
416:
2668:
2584:
478:
2478:
2395:
579:
212:
153:
2046:
789:
was formed in 1964, the Joint Intelligence Bureau, Naval Intelligence, Military Intelligence and Air Intelligence were combined to form the
2589:
2428:
1707:
because it allows two people to set up a secure phone call without meeting beforehand. Without it, there would be no privacy in cyberspace.
541:
375:
250:
95:
91:
1992:
2455:
2251:
2239:
2181:
1780:
659:, connected the signal intercept networks of the GC&CS and the US National Security Agency (NSA). The GC&CS was based largely at
59:
1230:
2406:
2401:
2322:
1827:
884:
165:
148:
2421:
1953:
855:
509:
1218:
1073:
742:, as well as cooperation with several "third-party" nations, this became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the "
2673:
2210:
1745:
906:
625:
2658:
1012:
55:
1972:
223:
The following agencies, groups and organisations fall under the remit of the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament:
2653:
2197:
2157:
947:
899:
728:
422:
269:
83:
2119:
1546:
1480:
1405:
71:
2433:
1145:
967:
786:
379:
305:
177:
103:
17:
898:(NCSC), itself a child agency of GCHQ. The OSCT was renamed the Homeland Security Group in 2021.The CPNI evolved into the
2300:
1802:
1001:
406:
2443:
2288:
2216:
2056:
39:
2488:
2293:
2150:
1430:
601:
was established, although personnel had been employed in intelligence duties in the RAF since its formation in 1918.
572:
207:
1691:
1503:, p. 256, at the end of a short passage asserting the importance of Enigma-derived intelligence for Allied victory.
843:
450:
31:
1719:
2376:
996:
839:
1631:
824:
633:
2483:
1903:"Bill Burns and Richard Moore: Intelligence partnership helps the US and UK stay ahead in an uncertain world"
1006:
485:
335:
202:
181:
2606:
605:
2627:
2612:
2450:
1017:
943:
747:
692:
668:
255:
75:
770:
in 1957 with its assessments staff who prepared intelligence assessments for the committee to consider.
1297:
2438:
2229:
1127:
979:
876:(DI) in 2009. Defence Intelligence has a unique position within the UK intelligence community as an '
816:
846:, and NSAC was a unit within MI5 that provided security advice to other parts of the UK government.
2617:
594:
in 1939, the JIC became the senior intelligence assessment body for the United Kingdom government.
1902:
894:
In 2016, the cybersecurity-related aspects of the CPNI's role were taken over by the newly-formed
2632:
2360:
877:
820:
805:
537:), names by which the Security Service and Secret Intelligence Service are commonly known today.
362:
316:
1326:
1996:
119:
955:
746:" between the UK and the USA. Since World War II, the chief of the London station of the U.S.
2272:
2224:
2204:
828:
47:
43:
719:
Declassified GCHQ report of Soviet ship positions, which played a key role in resolving the
2332:
2282:
873:
823:. GCHQ and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) were placed on a statutory footing by the
790:
774:
743:
720:
700:
672:
656:
556:
518:
384:
310:
131:
123:
115:
87:
488:, established in 1902, was responsible for research, and some co-ordination, on issues of
8:
2622:
2305:
2221:
1928:"MI6 and CIA warn of 'reckless campaign of sabotage across Europe' being waged by Russia"
549:
514:
110:
35:
1753:
942:(SIA) is the funding vehicle for the three main security and intelligence agencies: the
2142:
2107:
819:
established the legal basis of the Security Service (MI5) for the first time under the
715:
696:
402:
Four national centres and authorities support and complement the work of the agencies:
109:
The history of the organisations dates back to the 19th century. The decryption of the
54:
and counter-espionage. Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the
2115:
2095:
2070:
2052:
1542:
1476:
1426:
1401:
859:
680:
533:) and the foreign section became the Directorate of Military Intelligence Section 6 (
489:
470:
409:(HMGCC), provides electronics and software to support the communication needs of the
185:
2048:
Defence Intelligence and the Cold War: Britain's Joint Intelligence Bureau 1945-1964
738:
in 1948. Later broadened to include Canada, Australia and New Zealand, known as the
2317:
1665:
1496:
842:(NSAC) were formed in 1999. NISCC existed to provide advice to companies operating
778:
598:
591:
582:(JIC) was founded in 1936 as a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence.
497:
2599:
1979:
1960:
919:
809:
735:
688:
621:
526:
2086:
Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University
2411:
1580:
801:
797:
767:
684:
660:
648:
644:
617:
454:
330:
169:
2647:
2066:
1720:"Past Events: Aligning and Sustaining IT Infrastructure for Business Benefit"
1635:
1446:
1234:
984:
914:
704:
703:, at war's end describing Ultra as having been "decisive" to Allied victory.
676:
432:
410:
67:
2136:
477:, formed the Foreign Intelligence Committee in 1882, which evolved into the
1746:"Launch of The Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI)"
1398:
The Searchers: How Radio Interception Changed the Course of Both World Wars
1219:
Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament "Annual Report 2021–2022"
910:
902:(NPSA) in 2023, taking on a remit beyond critical national infrastructure.
462:
1639:
1276:
2416:
1044:
760:
664:
629:
357:
283:
127:
99:
2019:"Security and Intelligence Agencies Financial Statements 2022-23 (HTML)"
126:, GCHQ interceptions of Soviet ship positions were sent directly to the
2099:
1723:
1607:"Diary reveals birth of secret UK-US spy pact that grew into Five Eyes"
1606:
1103:
474:
458:
38:
that deal with secret intelligence. These agencies are responsible for
1878:
990:
858:(OCST) was created in 2007, which is responsible for leading work on
752:
739:
609:
173:
51:
639:
1947:
613:
63:
1421:
Aldrich, Richard James; Cormac, Rory; Goodman, Michael S. (2014).
1169:
367:
Counter terrorism and protecting critical national infrastructure
2594:
808:
algorithm in 1973 (equivalent to what would become, in 1978, the
545:
1506:
608:(SOE) was operational from 1940 until early 1946. SOE conducted
756:
571:
into the new organisation, which was given the cover-name the "
544:
led the Royal Navy's highly successful cryptographic efforts,
275:
Signals intelligence, cryptanalysis and information assurance
261:
Covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence
1777:"Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI)"
1074:"The telegram that brought America into the First World War"
46:
and exploiting foreign and domestic intelligence, providing
2577:
2572:
2564:
2559:
2551:
2546:
2342:
1367:. No. 34523. London. 13 March 1895. col F, p. 10.
568:
465:, formed the Intelligence Branch in 1873, which became the
2235:
National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit
1255:
1189:
655:
The 1943 British–US Communication Intelligence Agreement,
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2313:
1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade
2261:
2191:
1749:
951:
534:
530:
327:
Other intelligence and security organisations and groups
288:
79:
2172:
862:
working closely with the police and security services.
1722:. British Computer Society. 9 June 2005. Archived from
1146:"Sir Tim Barrow appointed as National Security Adviser"
812:), which was shared with the NSA in the United States.
727:
The Government Code and Cypher School was renamed the "
449:
Organised intelligence collection and planning for the
1692:"British Document Outlines Early Encryption Discovery"
793:(DIS). The DIS focussed initially on Cold War issues.
1985:
993:, an intelligence sharing system that includes the UK
836:
National Infrastructure Security Co-ordination Centre
1581:"How the British and Americans started listening in"
1447:"How the British and Americans started listening in"
1420:
987:, an intelligence sharing forum that includes the UK
970:(MoD) and is funded within the UK's defence budget.
867:
Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure
559:
was the British Empire's wartime coordinating body.
134:" between the United Kingdom and the United States.
1518:
1277:"Defence Intelligence - Detailed guidance - GOV.UK"
1170:"Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament"
872:The Defence Intelligence Staff changed its name to
397:
1104:"Scarborough's Cuban missile crisis role revealed"
679:, and also a large number of other enemy systems.
517:as it was sent from Washington, DC, to Ambassador
118:signals intelligence as immensely valuable to the
2474:Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament
198:Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament
2645:
1068:
1066:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1128:"How a Secret Spy Pact Helped Win the Cold War"
954:(MI5). Spending on the SIA was £3.6 billion in
429:UK National Authority for Counter Eavesdropping
2072:The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War
1774:
1298:"National security and intelligence: About us"
1045:"Why was the Zimmerman Telegram so important?"
933:
766:The Joint Intelligence Committee moved to the
763:may attend when certain issues are discussed.
548:(later known as NID25). The decryption of the
137:
2479:Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation
2158:
1993:"Funding | MI5 - The Security Service (2014)"
1847:
1121:
1119:
1063:
966:Defence Intelligence is integral part of the
699:quoted the western Supreme Allied Commander,
457:was established during the 19th century. The
319:military intelligence gathering and analysis
213:Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation
176:, who serves as the principal adviser to the
90:(DI). The agencies are organised under three
2429:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
2106:
1966:
1850:"National Cyber Security Strategy 2016-2021"
1512:
1203:
218:
2240:National Counter Terrorism Policing Network
294:Counter-intelligence and internal security
2323:30 Commando Information Exploitation Group
2165:
2151:
2092:The Evolution of British Sigint: 1653–1939
1828:"Joint Intelligence Organisation - GOV.UK"
1473:Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret
1386:Johnson, 1997, p. 45 and Kahn, 1991, p. 82
1125:
1116:
913:made their first-ever joint remarks in an
2664:Government agencies of the United Kingdom
2422:Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism
1371:
1039:
1037:
856:Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism
2211:National Ballistics Intelligence Service
714:
638:
508:
461:, responsible for administration of the
2089:
2065:
1524:
1395:
1013:Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom
961:
501:strength of the Imperial German Navy.
60:national security of the United Kingdom
56:foreign relations of the United Kingdom
14:
2646:
2343:Government Communications Headquarters
2198:National Protective Security Authority
1779:. SearchSecurity.co.uk. Archived from
1660:
1658:
1495:The original source for this quote is
1470:
1101:
1034:
948:Government Communications Headquarters
900:National Protective Security Authority
729:Government Communications Headquarters
423:National Protective Security Authority
270:Government Communications Headquarters
84:Government Communications Headquarters
2669:United Kingdom intelligence community
2146:
2044:
1973:GCHQ funding & financial controls
1536:
72:law enforcement in the United Kingdom
2507:Directorate of Military Intelligence
2174:United Kingdom intelligence agencies
1327:"National security and intelligence"
1097:
1095:
467:Directorate of Military Intelligence
178:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1954:SIS: Funding and financial controls
1820:
1655:
1248:
1223:
1002:Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)
821:government led by Margaret Thatcher
585:
407:HM Government Communications Centre
24:
2289:Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre
2217:National Fraud Intelligence Bureau
1351:The Foreign Intelligence Committee
1269:
1182:
521:, the German ambassador to Mexico.
504:
168:(NSA) is a senior official in the
27:Government organisations in the UK
25:
2685:
2489:Investigatory Powers Commissioner
2294:Joint Intelligence Training Group
2130:
1942:in their first-ever joint remarks
1848:HM Government (1 November 2016).
1752:. 1 February 2007. Archived from
1632:"Why no questions about the CIA?"
1092:
573:Government Code and Cypher School
473:, responsible for command of the
208:Investigatory Powers Commissioner
159:
74:. The four main agencies are the
1775:Margaret Rouse (February 2008).
1638:. September 2003. Archived from
1541:. Channel 4 books. p. 176.
1400:. Cassell Military. p. 58.
844:critical national infrastructure
451:Government of the United Kingdom
398:National centres and authorities
32:Government of the United Kingdom
2674:Espionage in the United Kingdom
2377:Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre
2371:Joint Intelligence Organisation
2038:
2011:
1920:
1895:
1871:
1841:
1803:"The National Security Council"
1795:
1768:
1738:
1712:
1684:
1646:
1624:
1599:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1530:
1489:
1464:
1439:
1414:
1389:
1380:
1356:
1343:
1319:
1308:from the original on 2014-07-04
1290:
997:Information Research Department
889:Joint Intelligence Organisation
849:
840:National Security Advice Centre
349:Joint Intelligence Organisation
2659:Lists of intelligence agencies
2349:National Cyber Security Centre
2114:, New York: Harper & Row,
1162:
1138:
896:National Cyber Security Centre
825:Intelligence Services Act 1994
590:Following the outbreak of the
425:(NPSA), a child agency of MI5;
419:(NCSC), a child agency of GCHQ
417:National Cyber Security Centre
13:
1:
2654:British intelligence agencies
2585:Naval Intelligence Department
2484:Investigatory Powers Tribunal
1666:"Defence Intelligence: Roles"
1233:. GCHQ.gov.uk. Archived from
1102:Corera, Gordon (2019-10-21).
1023:
1009:global list sorted by country
1007:List of intelligence agencies
486:Committee of Imperial Defence
479:Naval Intelligence Department
336:National Security Secretariat
203:Investigatory Powers Tribunal
182:Cabinet of the United Kingdom
142:
2607:Special Operations Executive
2396:Joint Intelligence Committee
1028:
829:government led by John Major
606:Special Operations Executive
580:Joint Intelligence Committee
191:
154:Joint Intelligence Committee
7:
2628:Special Reconnaissance Unit
2613:Diplomatic Wireless Service
2590:Naval Intelligence Division
2451:Single Intelligence Account
2262:Secret Intelligence Service
2051:. Oxford University Press.
1126:Adam White (29 June 2010).
1018:UK cyber security community
973:
944:Secret Intelligence Service
940:Single Intelligence Account
934:Single Intelligence Account
748:Central Intelligence Agency
710:
693:Secret Intelligence Service
669:cryptanalysis of the Enigma
562:
542:Naval Intelligence Division
256:Secret Intelligence Service
138:National security community
76:Secret Intelligence Service
10:
2690:
2456:National Security Strategy
2137:The Secret History of GCHQ
1982:Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
1963:Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
880:' intelligence function.
791:Defence Intelligence Staff
683:was reported to have told
651:message, after decryption.
444:
439:
2497:
2464:
2439:Chiefs of Staff Committee
2407:National Security Adviser
2402:National Security Council
2386:
2359:
2331:
2271:
2250:
2230:Counter Terrorism Command
2180:
1396:Macksey, Kenneth (2003).
980:Counter Terrorism Command
926:
885:National Security Council
817:Security Service Act 1989
687:, when presenting to him
389:Offensive cyber activity
339:
329:
326:
249:
244:
219:Agencies and other groups
166:National Security Adviser
149:National Security Council
2618:Far East Combined Bureau
1807:Institute for Government
1363:"Obituary". Obituaries.
2633:Military Reaction Force
1537:Smith, Michael (1998).
806:public-key cryptography
663:. Its staff, including
626:occupied Southeast Asia
599:RAF Intelligence Branch
363:Homeland Security Group
2090:Johnson, John (1997).
1256:"The Security Service"
724:
652:
647:intercept sheet of an
522:
302:Military intelligence
122:. In 1962, during the
120:Allies of World War II
92:government departments
2225:Specialist Operations
2205:National Crime Agency
1471:Gannon, Paul (2006).
718:
642:
512:
48:military intelligence
36:intelligence agencies
2283:Defence Intelligence
1515:, pp. 154, 191.
1377:Johnson, 1997, p. 44
1078:BBC History Magazine
962:Defence Intelligence
923:in September 2024.
874:Defence Intelligence
775:Cuban Missile Crisis
744:Special Relationship
721:Cuban Missile Crisis
701:Dwight D. Eisenhower
634:resistance movements
597:During the War, the
557:Imperial War Cabinet
525:In 1916, during the
519:Heinrich von Eckardt
385:National Cyber Force
311:Defence Intelligence
237:Description of role
132:Special Relationship
124:Cuban Missile Crisis
88:Defence Intelligence
18:British Intelligence
2623:Force Research Unit
2434:Ministry of Defence
2306:Joint Support Group
2222:Metropolitan Police
2108:Winterbotham, F. W.
2045:Dylan, Huw (2014).
1696:archive.nytimes.com
1670:Ministry of Defence
1423:Spying on the World
968:Ministry of Defence
800:in the late 1960s,
787:Ministry of Defence
550:Zimmermann Telegram
515:Zimmermann Telegram
431:(UK NACE), part of
380:Ministry of Defence
306:Ministry of Defence
111:Zimmermann Telegram
104:Ministry of Defence
2301:Intelligence Corps
2067:Hinsley, Sir Harry
1978:2014-03-02 at the
1959:2014-11-10 at the
1672:. 12 December 2012
1475:. Atlantic Books.
725:
697:F. W. Winterbotham
653:
523:
247:security agencies
231:Parent department
78:(SIS or MI6), the
58:, maintaining the
34:maintains several
2641:
2640:
2444:Strategic Command
2121:978-0-06-014678-8
1809:. 4 November 2014
1587:. 8 February 2016
1548:978-0-330-41929-1
1513:Winterbotham 1974
1482:978-1-84354-331-2
1407:978-0-304-36545-6
1080:. 17 January 2017
1051:. 17 January 2017
860:counter-terrorism
705:Sir Harry Hinsley
681:Winston Churchill
490:military strategy
395:
394:
245:Intelligence and
186:national security
50:, and performing
16:(Redirected from
2681:
2318:RAF Intelligence
2192:Security Service
2167:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2124:
2112:The Ultra Secret
2103:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2062:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1995:. Archived from
1989:
1983:
1970:
1964:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
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1750:Security Service
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1497:Gustave Bertrand
1493:
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1252:
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1243:
1242:
1231:"GCHQ Home page"
1227:
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952:Security Service
838:(NISCC) and the
779:GCHQ Scarborough
632:and aided local
592:Second World War
586:Second World War
289:Security Service
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80:Security Service
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1999:on 8 April 2014
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950:(GCHQ) and the
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920:Financial Times
852:
736:UKUSA Agreement
713:
689:Stewart Menzies
622:occupied Europe
588:
575:" (GC&CS).
565:
527:First World War
507:
505:First World War
498:Imperial German
481:(NID) in 1887.
447:
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618:reconnaissance
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2126:inaccuracies.
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1783:on 5 May 2012
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1652:Dylan, p. 184
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691:(head of the
690:
686:
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678:
677:Lorenz cipher
674:
670:
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662:
658:
650:
646:
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
624:and later in
623:
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411:UK Government
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69:
68:public safety
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2389:Coordination
2361:Intelligence
2335:intelligence
2275:intelligence
2254:intelligence
2184:intelligence
2173:
2111:
2091:
2079:, retrieved
2071:
2047:
2039:Bibliography
2026:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1987:
1968:
1949:
1941:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:
1922:
1911:. Retrieved
1909:. 2024-09-07
1906:
1897:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1879:"About NPSA"
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1859:. p. 29
1856:
1843:
1832:. Retrieved
1822:
1811:. Retrieved
1806:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1781:the original
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1714:
1705:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1669:
1648:
1640:the original
1626:
1615:. Retrieved
1613:. 2021-03-05
1610:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1584:
1575:
1570:Dylan, p. 31
1566:
1557:
1538:
1532:
1525:Hinsley 1996
1520:
1508:
1500:
1491:
1472:
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1453:. 2016-02-08
1450:
1441:
1422:
1416:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1301:
1292:
1281:. Retrieved
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1250:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1225:
1194:. Retrieved
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1164:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1140:
1131:
1107:. Retrieved
1082:. Retrieved
1077:
1053:. Retrieved
1048:
965:
939:
937:
930:
918:
911:CIA director
904:
893:
882:
871:
864:
853:
850:21st century
833:
814:
795:
784:
772:
765:
733:
726:
667:, worked on
654:
628:against the
603:
596:
589:
577:
566:
554:
539:
524:
494:
483:
463:British Army
448:
401:
222:
163:
108:
29:
2417:Home Office
1591:24 February
1190:"SIS (MI6)"
946:(SIS/MI6),
804:invented a
773:During the
761:New Zealand
671:(codenamed
665:Alan Turing
630:Axis powers
358:Home Office
284:Home Office
172:, based in
128:White House
100:Home Office
86:(GCHQ) and
82:(MI5), the
2648:Categories
2498:Historical
2465:Review and
2387:Policy and
2363:assessment
2100:B002ALSXTC
2028:2024-05-05
1937:2024-09-07
1913:2024-09-07
1888:2023-03-28
1863:2 November
1834:2014-03-07
1813:2023-04-02
1701:2021-05-12
1676:4 November
1617:2023-04-02
1457:2023-04-02
1336:2021-12-24
1312:2021-12-24
1283:2014-03-07
1262:2014-03-07
1241:2014-03-07
1196:2014-03-07
1175:2024-09-07
1155:2023-04-02
1109:2019-10-21
1084:17 January
1055:17 January
1024:References
878:all-source
827:under the
643:A typical
475:Royal Navy
459:War Office
317:All-source
258:(SIS/MI6)
240:Personnel
143:Leadership
66:planning,
40:collecting
2467:Oversight
2069:(1996) ,
1539:Station X
1365:The Times
1353:. p. 68.
1029:Citations
991:Five Eyes
958:2022/23.
907:MI6 chief
785:When the
753:Australia
740:Five Eyes
610:espionage
471:Admiralty
192:Oversight
174:Whitehall
52:espionage
44:analysing
2500:agencies
2273:Military
2182:Domestic
2110:(1974),
2094:. HMSO.
1976:Archived
1957:Archived
1932:Sky News
1830:. gov.uk
1611:BBC News
1451:BBC News
1349:Allen.
1306:Archived
1279:. gov.uk
974:See also
909:and the
711:Cold War
614:sabotage
563:Interwar
453:and the
188:issues.
102:and the
64:military
2595:Room 40
2345:(GCHQ)
2333:Signals
2252:Foreign
2081:23 July
2003:2 March
917:in the
546:Room 40
445:Origins
440:History
272:(GCHQ)
234:Agency
184:on all
2379:(JTAC)
2213:(NBIS)
2194:(MI5)
2118:
2098:
2055:
2023:GOV.UK
1857:gov.uk
1787:25 May
1760:25 May
1730:25 May
1545:
1501:Enigma
1479:
1429:
1404:
1331:GOV.UK
1302:GOV.UK
1150:GOV.UK
927:Budget
759:, and
757:Canada
675:) and
469:. The
370:1,061
322:4,115
297:5,259
291:(MI5)
278:7,181
264:3,644
98:, the
94:, the
70:, and
2609:(SOE)
2398:(JIC)
2373:(JIO)
2285:(DI)
2264:(MI6)
2207:(NCA)
2076:(PDF)
1853:(PDF)
1258:. MI5
1192:. SIS
673:Ultra
657:BRUSA
313:(DI)
116:Ultra
2578:MI19
2573:MI17
2569:MI16
2565:MI15
2560:MI14
2556:MI12
2552:MI11
2547:MI10
2116:ISBN
2096:ASIN
2083:2012
2053:ISBN
2005:2014
1865:2016
1789:2012
1762:2012
1732:2012
1678:2014
1593:2016
1543:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1132:Time
1086:2017
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