1458:
1452:
945:", the British stemmed the critical flow of food, information and recruits from the peasants to the guerillas. The new settlements were guarded around the clock by police, and many were partially fortified with barbed wire and sentry towers. That prevented those who were so inclined from sneaking out and voluntarily aiding the guerrillas, and it also prevented the guerrillas from sneaking in and extracting help by persuasion or intimidation. The process created 450 new settlements, and an estimated 470,509 people, 400,000 of them ethnically Chinese, were involved in the program. The
51:
934:
474:
20:
2184:
998:
336:
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escaping, many of whom had been in the MCP or had been forced to provide assistance. It was hoped that by providing the communities, which were mainly ethnic
Chinese, with such facilities, they would be converted from "reservoirs of resentment into bastions of loyal Malayan citizenry". However, critics argue that the homogenous nature of New Villages, with the few multiracial ones eventually failing or turning into
952:
The
British also tried to win the support of some of the settled civilians by providing them with education and health services. Some New Villages were equipped with amenities, such as electricity and piped water, and had a perimeter surrounded with fencing and armed guards to keep the civilians from
964:
Previously, the
Chinese rural workers and peasants had been spread out geographically, but the Briggs Plan would now bring together rural Chinese from all over the country and concentrate them in the New Villages. There was significant resentment towards the programme both among the Chinese and
902:, generally lacked legal title to their land, and were largely outside the reach of the colonial administration, as particularly problematic. Many of the Chinese people had been forced to live in isolated communities to avoid being slaughtered by the occupying Japanese.
1161:"Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977.: Commentary of 1987. Article 17 - Prohibition of forced movement of civilians"
925:
movement during World War II. Other factors which led to support for the communists included the desire for
Malayan independence from Britain, the communist victory in China, the communist role in leading the Malayan trade union movement and postwar
977:, which were aimed at weeding out communist supporters, and the Malays were incensed at the infrastructure provided for the New Villages since their own settlements had remained undeveloped. One example collective punishment came from
432:
were also targeted for forced relocation by the Briggs Plan because the
British believed that they were supporting the communists. Many of the practices necessary for the Briggs Plan are now prohibited under Article 17 of Additional
1964:
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760:
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413:'s population) were forcibly transferred from their land and moved to concentration camps euphemistically referred to as "
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1989:
42:
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by cutting them off from their sources of support amongst the rural population. To achieve this a large programme of
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which forbids civilian deportations and internment of civilian populations beyond actual civilian security and
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961:, especially in politics, as electoral constituencies would now be delineated more along racial lines.
949:, then known as the Malayan Chinese Association, played a crucial role in implementing the programme.
2228:
1969:
1728:
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1176:"The Other Forgotten War: Understanding Atrocities during the Malayan Emergency Malayan Emergency"
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Small Wars, Faraway Places: Global
Insurrection and the Making of the Modern World 1945–1965
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British authority in Malaya's rural areas had been only tenuously re-established after
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of
Malayan peasantry was undertaken, under which about 500,000 people (roughly 10% of
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halved the rice rations for civilians within the area and imposed a 22-hour curfew.
420:
During the
Emergency, there were over 400 of these settlements. Furthermore, 10,000
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2019:
2004:
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Civilians forcefully relocated by the
British military as part of the Briggs Plan
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shortly after his appointment in 1950 as
Director of Operations during the
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Violence and the Dream People: The Orang Asli in the Emergency 1948–1960
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Generals Go Marching Down Memory Lane By AUNG ZAW in Irrawaddy Magazine
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16:
1950 British forced resettlement plan during the Malayan Emergency
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913:(MNLA); and its civilian supplies and intelligence network, the
1112:
The Blood Never Dried: A People's History of the British Empire
424:
suspected of being communist sympathisers were deported to the
27:, designed as part of the Briggs Plan to separate the largely
425:
1032:” strategy was used against villages and insurgents of the
965:
Malays. The Malaysian Chinese were sometimes targeted for
1430:
905:
Several Malayan communities formed the backbone of the
1061:. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. p. 326.
1368:. New York: Viking – Penguin Group. p. 178.
1139:. Athens: Ohio University Press. pp. 42–43.
890:. The British regarded a group of about 500,000 "
2220:
1516:
1334:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 52.
1309:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 52.
1225:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 52.
1200:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 52.
1114:. London: Bookmarks Publications. p. 218.
1089:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 48.
1416:
1059:Massacre in Malaya: Exposing Britain's My Lai
859:
358:
1270:
747:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1163:. International Humanitarian Law Datebases.
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866:
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401:(1948–1960). The plan aimed to defeat the
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1965:Calcutta Southeast Asian Youth Conference
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1250:. Singapore: Media Masters. p. 268.
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917:. Many rural workers were sympathetic to
31:rural populace from communist guerrillas.
1363:
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18:
1277:. Scarecrow Press. pp. lvii, 185.
1264:
921:for the role of the MCP in leading the
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941:By isolating the population into the "
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1734:Singapore Federation of Trade Unions
1645:Assassination of Abdul Rahman Hashim
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1248:Alias Chin Peng: My Side of History
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1549:Commonwealth Military Involvement
1545:Special Operations Volunteer Force
312:UN Security Council Resolution 125
123:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action
14:
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1605:Assassination of Sir Henry Gurney
1274:Historical Dictionary of Malaysia
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822:Primitive accumulation of capital
389:) was a military plan devised by
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2040:1975 AIA building hostage crisis
1739:North Kalimantan Communist Party
1690:Malayan National Liberation Army
1650:Assassination of Khoo Chong Kong
1488:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
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911:Malayan National Liberation Army
733:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
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445:in non-international conflicts.
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1990:Malaysia–Soviet Union relations
1985:Subramaniam v Public Prosecutor
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947:Malaysian Chinese Association
802:Global North and Global South
547:Ecologically unequal exchange
267:F. of Malaya Independence Act
177:Communities Liaison Committee
96:Japanese occupation of Malaya
1655:Bombing of National Monument
1271:Ooi Keat Gin (11 May 2009).
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2170:The Garden of Evening Mists
2154:The Garden of Evening Mists
909:(MCP); its armed wing, the
719:The Accumulation of Capital
159:Federal Legislative Council
10:
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1680:South Seas Communist Party
1364:Burleigh, Michael (2013).
1057:Hale, Christopher (2013).
817:Prebisch–Singer hypothesis
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426:People's Republic of China
321:Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
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1970:University Socialist Club
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87:Defenders of the Homeland
2130:Apa Khabar Orang Kampung
1995:China–Malaysia relations
1330:Newsinger, John (2015).
1305:Newsinger, John (2015).
1221:Newsinger, John (2015).
1196:Newsinger, John (2015).
1110:Newsinger, John (2013).
1085:Newsinger, John (2015).
923:anti-Japanese resistance
1702:Malayan Communist Party
1530:Background & causes
1174:Siver, Christi (2009).
1135:D. Leary, John (1995).
1034:Burmese Communist Party
907:Malayan Communist Party
900:small-scale agriculture
797:Illicit financial flows
68:Early Malay nationalism
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43:Independence of Malaya
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23:Photograph of a model
1812:Abu Samah Mohd Kassim
1712:Revolutionary Faction
1615:Battle of Semur River
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1585:Sungai Siput Incident
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655:Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev
213:1955 General election
141:Sungai Siput incident
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1501:Malaysia (1968-1989)
971:preventive detention
792:Economic development
700:Immanuel Wallerstein
529:World-systems theory
204:1952 local elections
132:Federation of Malaya
77:Kesatuan Melayu Muda
1695:10th Malay Regiment
1640:Operation Coldstore
1447:Wars and incidents
1354:Ongkili, pp. 85–88.
1246:Peng, Chin (2003).
975:summary deportation
959:ethnic polarisation
928:economic inequality
620:John Bellamy Foster
519:Three Worlds Theory
466:Imperialism studies
407:forced resettlement
341:Malaysia portal
85: •
2122:The Last Communist
2100:(1953 documentary)
2090:In popular culture
1802:Mokhtaruddin Lasso
1660:Operation Spectrum
1008:. You can help by
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886:at the end of the
625:Andre Gunder Frank
600:Charles Bettelheim
509:Social imperialism
443:military necessity
439:Geneva Conventions
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2106:A Piece of Ribbon
2035:Japanese Red Army
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1553:Southern Rhodesia
1375:978-0-670-02545-9
1341:978-0-230-29824-8
1316:978-0-230-29824-8
1284:978-0-8108-6305-7
1232:978-0-230-29824-8
1207:978-0-230-29824-8
1121:978-1-909026-29-2
1096:978-0-230-29824-8
1068:978-0-7524-8701-4
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807:Lumpenbourgeoisie
768:Naked Imperialism
635:Rudolf Hilferding
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514:Super-imperialism
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395:Sir Harold Briggs
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2050:Laju incident
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2033:
2031:
2030:Bidong Island
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Siddiq Ghouse
2018:
2016:
2015:Chia Thye Poh
2013:
2011:
2010:Brunei Revolt
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Domino theory
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1945:Cheung Ah Wah
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1925:Yap Choon Hau
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1910:Bong Kee Chok
1908:
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1887:P. Veerasenan
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1797:Rashid Maidin
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1673:Organisations
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1600:Penang Ambush
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1257:981-04-8693-6
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1146:0-89680-186-1
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1004:This section
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979:Tanjung Malim
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930:and poverty.
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880:the surrender
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709:
708:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:Walter Rodney
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Kwame Nkrumah
673:
671:
670:Antonio Negri
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Michael Hardt
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
595:Paul A. Baran
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
576:
575:
568:
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563:
560:
558:
555:
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436:
431:
428:in 1949. The
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247:
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243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
232:
231:Barnes Report
229:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
198:
196:
195:Member System
193:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
171:
169:
168:Malayan Forum
166:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
117:
115:
114:Malayan Union
112:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
90:
88:
84:
83:
80:
78:
75:
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71:
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
37:
36:
30:
26:
21:
2169:
2161:
2156:(2011 novel)
2153:
2146:Tanda Putera
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2116:(1964 drama)
2114:The 7th Dawn
2113:
2105:
2097:
2073:Baling Talks
1980:Agent Orange
1935:Ang Chu Ting
1930:Lam Wah Kwai
1862:Eu Chooi Yip
1822:Ibrahim Chik
1534:
1384:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1331:
1325:
1306:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1273:
1266:
1247:
1241:
1222:
1216:
1197:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1169:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1111:
1105:
1086:
1058:
1052:
1027:
1017:October 2022
1014:
1010:adding to it
1005:
963:
951:
943:new villages
940:
904:
877:
766:
759:
752:
745:
739:
731:
725:
717:
695:Leon Trotsky
645:J. A. Hobson
419:
415:new villages
378:
376:
240:Razak Report
222:Baling Talks
185:
2234:Internments
2172:(2019 film)
2164:(2015 film)
2148:(2013 film)
2140:(2012 film)
2138:29 Februari
2132:(2007 film)
2124:(2006 film)
2108:(1963 play)
1882:R. G. Balan
1872:Wahi Annuar
1777:Abdullah CD
1759:Peninsular
1563:New Zealand
1540:New village
1535:Briggs Plan
1483:Vietnam War
1290:16 February
1028:A similar “
812:Neo-Marxism
740:Imperialism
690:Paul Sweezy
640:Peter Gowan
605:Ľuboš Blaha
562:Superprofit
435:Protocol II
379:Briggs Plan
303:Article 160
285:Merdeka Day
186:Briggs Plan
39:Part of the
25:new village
2223:Categories
1901:Malaysian
1892:Devan Nair
1877:Mat Indera
1817:Musa Ahmad
1750:Key people
1181:25 January
1044:References
1038:Pegu Range
585:Samir Amin
430:Orang Asli
1852:Yeung Kwo
1847:Chen Tien
1772:Chin Peng
1765:Singapore
1761:Malaysia
1578:Incidents
1558:Australia
1521:Emergency
1439:Singapore
1030:Four Cuts
919:communism
892:squatters
761:Multitude
1842:Lee Meng
1782:Lai Teck
1707:Min Yuen
1519:Malayan
1506:Thailand
955:ghettoes
915:Min Yuen
840:Category
660:Li Minqi
541:Concepts
483:Theories
458:a series
456:Part of
393:General
1837:Lau Yew
1496:Sarawak
1036:in the
882:of the
781:Related
449:History
437:to the
391:British
1903:Borneo
1724:CPM/ML
1372:
1338:
1313:
1281:
1254:
1229:
1204:
1143:
1118:
1093:
1065:
726:Empire
579:People
411:Malaya
58:Events
2045:MH653
712:Works
460:about
383:Malay
1763:and
1717:MPLF
1469:Wars
1436:and
1370:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1292:2013
1279:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1183:2020
1141:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1063:ISBN
973:and
377:The
1012:.
417:".
2225::
1077:^
1040:.
969:,
385::
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1378:.
1344:.
1319:.
1294:.
1260:.
1235:.
1210:.
1185:.
1149:.
1124:.
1099:.
1071:.
1019:)
1015:(
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366:e
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