Contract bridge - Knowledge

535:, meaning that there will be no trump suit). Players take turns to call in a clockwise order: each player in turn either passes, doubles – which increases the penalties for not making the contract specified by the opposing partnership's last bid, but also increases the reward for making it – or redoubles, or states a contract that their partnership will adopt, which must be higher than the previous highest bid (if any). Eventually, the player who bid the highest contract – which is determined by the contract's level as well as the trump suit or no trump – wins the contract for their partnership. 286: 1139:" are frequently used, as noted above. These avoid the possibility of players at other tables hearing any spoken bids. The bidding cards are laid out in sequence as the auction progresses. Although it is not a formal rule, many clubs adopt a protocol that the bidding cards stay revealed until the first playing card is tabled, after which point the bidding cards are put away. Bidding pads are an alternative to bidding boxes. A bidding pad is a block of 100mm square tear-off sheets. Players write their bids on the top sheet. When the first trick is complete the sheet is torn off and discarded. 1228:(artificial). A natural call carries a meaning that reflects the call; a natural bid intuitively showing hand or suit strength based on the level or suit of the bid, and a natural double expressing that the player believes that the opposing partnership will not make their contract. By contrast, a conventional (artificial) call offers and/or asks for information by means of pre-agreed coded interpretations, in which some calls convey very specific information or requests that are not part of the natural meaning of the call. Thus in response to 4NT, a 'natural' bid of 5 398: 480: 827:, stating that their side will win a specific number of the remaining tricks. The claiming player lays his cards down on the table and explains the order in which he intends to play the remaining cards. The opponents can either accept the claim and the round is scored accordingly, or dispute the claim. If the claim is disputed, play continues with the claiming player's cards face up in rubber games, or in duplicate games, play ceases and the tournament director is called to adjudicate the hand. 40: 856:, or tricks bid and made in excess of six. In both rubber and duplicate bridge, the declaring side is awarded 20 points per odd trick for a contract in clubs or diamonds, and 30 points per odd trick for a contract in hearts or spades. For a contract in notrump, the declaring side is awarded 40 points for the first odd trick and 30 points for the remaining odd tricks. Contract points are doubled or quadrupled if the contract is respectively doubled or redoubled. 7641: 626:

the player to the left of the dealer, before dealing. Players take turns to deal, in clockwise order. The dealer deals the cards clockwise, one card at a time. Normally, rubber bridge is played with two packs of cards and whilst one pack is being dealt, the dealer's partner shuffles the other pack. After shuffling the pack is placed on the right ready for the next dealer. Before dealing, the next dealer passes the cards to the previous dealer who cuts them.

1079:, or more exactly, a tactical game with inbuilt randomness, imperfect knowledge and restricted communication. The chance element is in the deal of the cards; in duplicate bridge some of the chance element is eliminated by comparing results of multiple pairs in identical situations. This is achievable when there are eight or more players, sitting at two or more tables, and the deals from each table are preserved and passed to the next table, thereby 613: 4191: 504:

a deal with a trump suit, cards of that suit are superior in rank to any of the cards of any other suit. If one or more players plays a trump to a trick when void in the suit led, the highest trump wins. For example, if the trump suit is spades and a player is void in the suit led and plays a spade card, they win the trick if no other player plays a higher spade. If a trump suit is led, the usual rule for trick-taking applies.

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required to follow suit if possible. Tricks are won by the highest trump, or if there were none played, the highest card of the led suit. The player who won the previous trick leads to the next trick. The declarer has control of the dummy's cards and tells his partner which card to play at dummy's turn. There also exist conventions that communicate further information between defenders about their hands during the play.

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redoubled, the declaring side receives 200 and 400 points respectively. Additional bonus points may apply depending on the variation played; for example, in duplicate bridge, the declaring side is awarded a game bonus for having won 100 or more contract points, which is 500 if vulnerable, for a total of 600 points (500 + 100), or 300 if not vulnerable, for a total of 400 points (300 + 100).

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utility, because the information it conveys is not valuable or because the desire to convey that information arises only rarely. The conventional meaning conveys more useful (or more frequently useful) information. There are a very large number of conventions from which players can choose; many books have been written detailing bidding conventions. Well-known conventions include

1201:(optional customizations incorporated into the main system for handling specific bidding situations) which are pre-chosen between the partners prior to play. The line between a well-known convention and a part of a system is not always clear-cut: some bidding systems include specified conventions by default. Bidding systems can be divided into mainly natural systems such as 1124: 245:, specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners use their bids to exchange information about their hands, including overall strength and distribution of the suits; no other means of conveying or implying any information is permitted. The cards are then 1749:

surface meaning into the bidding. Alternatively, many partnerships play this same bidding sequence as "Crawling Stayman" by which the responder shows a weak hand (less than eight high card points) with shortness in diamonds but at least four hearts and four spades; the opening bidder may correct to spades if that appears to be the better contract.

1099:, although they were not found eligible for the main Olympic program. In October 2017 the British High Court ruled against the English Bridge Union, finding that Bridge is not a sport under a definition of sport as involving physical activity, but did not rule on the "broad, somewhat philosophical question" as to whether or not bridge is a sport. 1262:

share, and they also consume substantial bidding space which prevents a possibly strong opposing pair from exchanging information on their cards. Several systems include the use of opening bids or other early bids with weak hands including long (usually six to eight card) suits at the 2, 3 or even 4 or 5 levels as preempts.

775:(the denomination), provided that it is higher than the last bid by any player, including their partner. All bids promise to take a number of tricks in excess of six, so a bid must be between one (seven tricks) and seven (thirteen tricks). A bid is higher than another bid if either the level is greater (e.g., 2 2178:) they will play the higher one first. West plays the card face down, to give their partner and the declarer (but not dummy) a chance to ask any last questions about the bidding or to object if they believe West is not the correct hand to lead. After that, North's cards are laid on the table and North becomes 542:; the auction concludes when there have been three successive passes. Note that six tricks are added to contract values, so the six-level contract is a contract of twelve tricks. In practice, establishing a contract without enough information on the other partner's hand is difficult, so there exist many 1337:

even if they have the bulk of the points. This hand is nearly valueless unless spades are trumps but it contains good enough spades that the penalty for being set should not be higher than the value of an opponent game. The high card weakness makes it likely that the opponents have enough strength to

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Much of the complexity in bridge arises from the difficulty of arriving at a good final contract in the auction (or deciding to let the opponents declare the contract). This is a difficult problem: the two players in a partnership must try to communicate enough information about their hands to arrive

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was developed, in which the players bid in a competitive auction to decide the contract and declarer. The object became to make at least as many tricks as were contracted for, and penalties were introduced for failing to do so. Auction bridge bidding beyond winning the auction is pointless. If taking

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Every call (including "pass", also sometimes called "no bid") serves two purposes. It confirms or passes some information to a partner, and, by implication, denies any other kind of hand which would have tended to support an alternative call. For example, a bid of 2NT immediately after partner's 1NT

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points wins the rubber. Duplicate bridge is scored comparatively, meaning that the score for the hand is compared to other tables playing the same cards and match points are scored according to the comparative results: usually either "matchpoint scoring", where each partnership receives 2 points (or

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Overtricks score the same number of points per odd trick, although their doubled and redoubled values differ. Bonuses vary between the two bridge variations both in score and in type (for example, rubber bridge awards a bonus for holding a certain combination of high cards), although some are common

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The dealer opens the auction and can make the first call, and the auction proceeds clockwise. When it is their turn to call, a player may pass – but can enter into the bidding later – or bid a contract, specifying the level of their contract and either the trump suit or

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In rubber bridge each player draws a card at the start of the game; the player who draws the highest card deals first. The second highest card becomes the dealer's partner and takes the chair on the opposite side of the table. They play against the other two. The deck is shuffled and cut, usually by

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is assigned to each seat, so that one partnership sits in North and South, while the other sits in West and East. The cards may be freshly dealt or, in duplicate bridge games, pre-dealt. All that is needed in basic games are the cards and a method of keeping score, but there is often other equipment

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The player who played the highest-ranked card wins the trick. Within a suit, the ace is ranked highest followed by the king, queen and jack and then the ten through to the two. In a deal where the auction has determined that there is no trump suit, the trick must be won by a card of the suit led. In

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and others. The most significant change was that only the tricks contracted for were scored below the line toward game or a slam bonus, a change that resulted in bidding becoming much more challenging and interesting. Also new was the concept of "vulnerability", making sacrifices to protect the lead

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Strong bridge playing programs such as Jack Bridge (World Champion in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2015) and Wbridge5 (World Champion in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2016, 2017 and 2018), probably rank among the top few thousand human pairs worldwide. A series of articles published

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In natural systems, a 1NT opening bid usually reflects a hand that has a relatively balanced shape (usually between two and four (or less often five) cards in each suit) and a sharply limited number of high card points, usually somewhere between 12 and 18 – the most common ranges use a span of

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as the basic evaluation of the strength of a hand, refining this by reference to shape and distribution if appropriate. In the most commonly used point count system, aces are counted as 4 points, kings as 3, queens as 2, and jacks as 1 point; therefore, the deck contains 40 points. In addition, the

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refers to a high-level tactical bid by a weak hand, relying upon a very long suit rather than high cards for tricks. Preemptive bids serve a double purpose – they allow players to indicate they are bidding on the basis of a long suit in an otherwise weak hand, which is important information to

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them for the other table(s) of players. At the end of a session, the scores for each deal are compared, and the most points are awarded to the players doing the best with each particular deal. This measures relative skill (but still with an element of luck) because each pair or team is being judged

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In rubber bridge, a partnership wins one game once it has accumulated 100 contract points; excess contract points do not carry over to the next game. A partnership that wins two games wins the rubber, receiving a bonus of 500 points if the opponents have won a game, and 700 points if they have not.

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starts when a player leads (i.e., plays the first card). The leader to the first trick is determined by the auction; the leader to each subsequent trick is the player who won the preceding trick. Each player, in clockwise order, plays one card on the trick. Players must play a card of the same suit

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denied a four card major, and with at least five hearts, a Stayman bid must have been justified by having exactly four spades, the other major (since Stayman (as used by this partnership) is not useful with anything except a four card major suit). Thus an astute partner can read much more than the

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Count signals cover the situation when a defender is following suit (usually to a suit that the declarer has led). In such circumstances the order in which a defender plays his spot cards will indicate whether an even or odd number of cards was originally held in that suit. This can help the other

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opening bid for all or almost all strong hands (but sets the threshold for "strong" rather lower than most other systems – usually 16 high card points) and may include other artificial calls to handle other situations (but it may contain natural calls as well). Many experts today use a system

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cover the situation when it is critical to show length in a side suit and it will be too late if defenders wait until that suit is played. Then, the play in the first declarer played suit is a count signal regarding the critical suit and not the trump suit itself. In fact, any signal made about a

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indicate how cards played within a suit are chosen – for example, playing a noticeably high card when this is unexpected can signal encouragement to continue playing the suit, and a low card can signal discouragement and a desire for partner to choose some other suit. (Some partnerships use

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A larger bonus is awarded if the declaring side makes a small slam or grand slam, a contract of 12 or 13 tricks respectively. If the declaring side is not vulnerable, a small slam gets 500 points, and a grand slam 1000 points. If the declaring side is vulnerable, a small slam is 750 points and a

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The player from the declaring side who first bid the denomination named in the final contract becomes declarer. The player left to the declarer leads to the first trick. Dummy then lays his or her cards face-up on the table, organized in columns by suit. Play proceeds clockwise, with each player

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If the declaring side makes a contract of 3NT and takes exactly nine tricks, fulfilling the contract (6 + 3), they receive 40 points for the first odd trick, and 60 (30 × 2) points for the remaining odd tricks, adding up to 100 contract points. If the contract was doubled or

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Since a partnership that has freedom to bid gradually at leisure can exchange more information, and since a partnership that can interfere with the opponents' bidding (as by raising the bidding level rapidly) can cause difficulties for their opponents, bidding systems are both informational and

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In addition to the basic rules of play, there are many additional rules covering playing conditions and the rectification of irregularities, which are primarily for use by tournament directors who act as referees and have overall control of procedures during competitions. But various details of

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Conventions are valuable in bridge because of the need to pass information beyond a simple like or dislike of a particular suit, and because the limited bidding space can be used more efficiently by adopting a conventional (artificial) meaning for a given call where a natural meaning has less

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OKbridge is the oldest extant internet bridge service: it was established as a commercial enterprise in 1994, but the program started to be used interactively in August 1990 by players of all standards. OKbridge is a subscription-based club, with services such as customer support and ethics

807:, which increases the penalties and rewards further. Players may not see their partner's hand during the auction, only their own. There exist many bidding conventions that assign agreed meanings to various calls to assist players in reaching an optimal contract (or obstruct the opponents). 2588:

In face-to-face games, a convenient table size is 32 to 40 inches (80 to 100 cm) square or a similarly-sized round table allowing each player to reach to the center of the table during the play of the cards. In online computer play, players from anywhere in the world sit at a virtual

2182:, as both the North and South hands will be controlled by the declarer. West turns the lead card face up, and the declarer studies the two hands to make a plan for the play. On this hand, the trump ace, a spade, and a diamond trick must be lost, so declarer must not lose a trick in clubs. 566:, and their goal is to stop the declarer from fulfilling his contract. Once all the cards have been played, the hand is scored: if the declaring side makes their contract, they receive points based on the level of the contract, with some trump suits being worth more points than others and 2333:

was a bad contract on this hand. The contract depends on the club finesse working, or a defense error. The bonus points awarded for making a game contract far outweigh the penalty for going one off, so it is best strategy in the long run to bid game contracts such as this one.

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at a makeable contract, but the information they can exchange is restricted – information may be passed only by the calls made and later by the cards played, not by other means; in addition, the agreed-upon meaning of each call and play must be available to the opponents.

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North-South score the required 10 tricks, and their opponents take the remaining three. The contract is fulfilled, and North enters the pair numbers, the contract, and the score of +420 for the winning side (North is in charge of bookkeeping in duplicate tournaments) on the

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the opponents' bid, increasing the penalties for undertricks, but also increasing the reward for making the contract. Doubling does not carry to future bids by the opponents unless future bids are doubled again. A player on the opposing partnership being doubled may also

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The auction ends when, after a player bids, doubles, or redoubles, every other player has passed, in which case the action proceeds to the play; or every player has passed and no bid has been made, in which case the round is considered to be "passed out" and not played.

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K is held by West, South will find it very hard to prevent it from making a trick (unless West leads a club). There is an almost equal chance that it is held by East, in which case it can be trapped against the ace, and will be beaten, using a tactic known as a

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The basic premise of duplicate bridge had previously been used for whist matches as early as 1857. Initially, bridge was not thought to be suitable for duplicate competition; it was not until the 1920s that (auction) bridge tournaments became popular.

1252:(a request by (usually) the weak hand for the partner to bid a particular suit first, and therefore to become the declarer), and the Blackwood convention (to ask for information on the number of aces and kings held, used in slam bidding situations). 1780:

playing for the opponents' high cards to be in a particular position (if their ace is to the right of your king, your king may be able to take a trick, especially if, when that suit is led, the player to your right has to play their card before you

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Opening bids of three or higher are preemptive bids, i.e., bids made with weak hands that especially favor a particular suit, opened at a high level in order to define the hand's value quickly and to frustrate the opposition. For example, a hand of

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cover the situation when a defender cannot follow suit and therefore has free choice what card to play or throw away. In such circumstances the thrown-away card can be used to indicate some aspect of the hand, or a desire for a specific suit to be

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As a rule, a natural suit bid indicates a holding of at least four (or more, depending on the situation and the system) cards in that suit as an opening bid, or a lesser number when supporting partner; a natural NT bid indicates a balanced hand.

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In 1925 when contract bridge first evolved, bridge tournaments were becoming popular, but the rules were somewhat in flux, and several different organizing bodies were involved in tournament sponsorship: the American Bridge League (formerly the

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were adjusted to produce a more balanced and interesting game. Vanderbilt set out his rules in 1925, and within a few years contract bridge had so supplanted other forms of the game that "bridge" became synonymous with "contract bridge".

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not only shows a balanced hand of a certain point range, but also almost always denies possession of a five-card major suit (otherwise the player would have bid it) or even a four card major suit (in that case, the player should use the

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or estimate how many tricks they can win, and the number of tricks bid by both players in a partnership are added. If a partnership takes at least that many tricks, they receive points for the round; otherwise, they lose penalty points.

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cover the situation where a defender is returning a suit which will be ruffed by his partner. If he plays a high card he is showing an entry in the higher side suit and vice versa. There are some other situations where this tool may be

1382:, opening hearts or spades usually promises a 5-card suit. Partnerships who agree to play 5-card majors open a minor suit with 4-card majors and then bid their major suit at the next opportunity. This means that an opening bid of 1 561:

After the contract is decided, and the first lead is made, the declarer's partner (dummy) lays their cards face up on the table, and the declarer plays the dummy's cards as well as their own. The opposing partnership is called the

442:. The number of people playing contract bridge has declined since its peak in the 1940s, when a survey found it was played in 44% of US households. The game is still widely played, especially amongst retirees, and in 2005 the 511:, the goal of bridge is not simply to take the most tricks in a deal. Instead, the goal is to successfully estimate how many tricks one's partnership can take. To illustrate this, the simpler partnership trick-taking game of 1752:

The situations detailed here are extremely simple examples; many instances of advanced bidding involve specific agreements related to very specific situations and subtle inferences regarding entire sequences of calls.

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initiated the official World Championships Computer Bridge, to be held annually along with a major bridge event. The first Computer Bridge Championship took place in 1997 at the North American Bridge Championships in

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the bidding, i.e., to make the first bid in the auction. A combination of two such hands (i.e., 25 or 26 points shared between partners) is often sufficient for a partnership to bid, and generally to make, game in a

633:, having slots designated for each player's cardinal direction seating position. After a deal has been played, players return their cards to the appropriate slot in the board, ready to be played by the next table. 301:, which had become the dominant such game and enjoyed a loyal following for centuries. The idea of a trick-taking, 52-card game has its first documented origins in Italy and France. The French physician and author 2412:(BBO) is the most active online bridge club in the world, with more than 100,000 daily connections and 500,000 hands played each day, in part because it is free to play regular games and volunteer-run tournaments. 316:

Bridge departed from whist with the creation of "Biritch" in the 19th century and evolved through the late 19th and early 20th centuries to form the present game. The first rule book for bridge, dated 1886, is

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as "The Laws of Duplicate Bridge 2017". The Laws Committee of the WBF, composed of world experts, updates the Laws every 10 years; it also issues a Laws Commentary advising on interpretations it has rendered.

1345:, artificial) or preemptive, depending on the system. Unusually strong bids communicate an especially high number of points (normally 20 or more) or a high trick-taking potential (normally 8 or more). Also 2 1743:

between partners (opponents passing throughout) explicitly shows five hearts but also confirms four cards in spades: the bidder must hold at least five hearts to make it worth looking for a heart fit after

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Nearly all trick-taking techniques in bridge can be reduced to one of these four methods. The optimum play of the cards can require much thought and experience and is the subject of whole books on bridge.

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Q. Not having anything better to do, East returns the remaining trump, taken in South's hand. The trumps now accounted for, South can now execute the finesse, perhaps trapping the king as planned. South

574:. If the declarer fails to fulfill the contract, the defenders receive points depending on the declaring side's undertricks (the number of tricks short of the contract) and whether the contract was 629:

In duplicate bridge the cards are pre-dealt, either by hand or by a computerized dealing machine, in order to allow for competitive scoring. Once dealt, the cards are placed in a device called a

2298:(The trick-by-trick notation used above can be also expressed in tabular form, but a textual explanation is usually preferred in practice, for reader's convenience. Plays of small cards or 2435:

was founded in November 2020. Its online platform includes built-in audio and video. It is primarily used for organised bridge, ranging from club level to national and zonal championships.

1111:, which changed its name in 1929), the American Whist League, and the United States Bridge Association. In 1935, the first officially recognized world championship was held. In 1958, the 2275:

J. (If East does not play the king, then South will play a low club from South's hand and the queen will win anyway, this being the essence of the finesse). The game is now safe: South

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SWAN Games was founded April 2000. In March 2004, announced a partnership to provide internet services to SBF members and is a competitor in subscription-based online bridge clubs.

1426:(enunciated as two over one game forcing), which amongst other features adds some complexity to the treatment of the one notrump response as used in Standard American. In the UK, 1044:

There are no universally accepted rules for rubber bridge, but some zonal organisations have published their own. An example for those wishing to abide by a published standard is

1146:" are used. These are placed diagonally across the table, preventing partners from seeing each other during the game; often the screen is removed after the auction is complete. 5283: 764:

East-West and North–South compete for the contract. East-West prevail, specifying the trump suit (spades) and the minimum number of tricks beyond six which they must win, six.

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point) for each tie; or IMPs (international matchpoint) scoring, where the number of IMPs varies (but less than proportionately) with the points difference between the teams.

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double, is one used to try to gain extra points when the defenders are confident of setting (defeating) the contract. The most common example of a conventional double is the

1095:, with which it is often compared for its complexity and the mental skills required for high-level competition. Bridge and chess are the only "mind sports" recognized by the 845:, increasing the rewards for making the contract, but also increasing the penalties for undertricks. In rubber bridge, if a side has won 100 contract points, they have won a 2082:, since he has a long spade suit of reasonable quality and 10 high card points (an overcall can be made on a hand that is not quite strong enough for an opening bid). North 3472: 3436: 386:", became popular in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1890s despite the long-established dominance of whist. Its breakthrough was its acceptance in 1894 by 4223: 1197:

is a set of partnership agreements on the meanings of bids. A partnership's bidding system is usually made up of a core system, modified and complemented by specific

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describes matches between Jack Bridge and seven top Dutch pairs. A total of 196 boards were played. Jack Bridge lost, but by a small margin (359 versus 385 IMPs).

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Whether doubling a contract at the 1, 2 and sometimes higher levels signifies a belief that the opponents' contract will fail and a desire to raise the stakes (a

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the remaining tricks by showing his or her hand, as it now contains only high trumps and there's no need to play the hand out to prove they are all winners.

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point count, (the 4-3-2-1 system detailed above) but this is sometimes modified in various ways, or either augmented or replaced by other approaches such as

271:, where the cards are not re-dealt on each occasion, but the same deal is played by two or more sets of players (or "tables") to enable comparative scoring. 347:(бирчий, бирич), an occupation of a diplomatic clerk or an announcer. Another theory is that British soldiers invented the game bridge while serving in the 4020: 3531: 1115:(WBF) was founded to promote bridge worldwide, coordinate periodic revision to the Laws (each ten years, next in 2027) and conduct world championships. 2423: 3994: 6346: 2170:. West chooses the spade king because spades is the suit the partnership has shown strength in, and because they have agreed that when they hold two 1430:

is the most common system; its main features are a weak one notrump opening with 12–14 high card points and several variations for 2-level openings.

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based on the number of tricks taken, the contract, and various other factors which depend to some extent on the variation of the game being played.

2147:(nine tricks at notrump, ten tricks in hearts or spades, 11 tricks in clubs or diamonds), which yields bonus points if bid and made. East-West are 1374:

Opening bids at the one level are made with hands containing 12–13 points or more and which are not suitable for one of the preceding bids. Using

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in the same situation would say nothing about the diamond suit, but would tell the partner that the hand in question contains exactly one ace.

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7. In a no-trump game, East wins the trick, having played the highest spade. If diamonds or hearts are trumps, South or West respectively win.

2310:. North asks East to check the score entered on the traveller. All players return their own cards to the board, and the next deal is played. 1021:

procedure are left to the discretion of the zonal bridge organisation for tournaments under their aegis and some (for example, the choice of

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would state a preference towards a diamond suit or a desire to play in five diamonds, whereas if the partners have agreed to use the common

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opening is used for either hands with a good 6-card suit or longer (max one losing card) and a total of 18 HCP up to 23 total points – or "

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The majority of rules mirror those of duplicate bridge in the bidding and play and differ primarily in procedures for dealing and scoring.

313:(Exercise in the Latin language) of 1539 has a dialogue on card games, where the characters play 'Triumphus hispanicus' (Spanish Triumph). 3556: 841:

At the end of the hand, points are awarded to the declaring side if they make the contract, or else to the defenders. Partnerships can be

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Sharkbridge founded in 2020 by Milen Milkovski (Canada), Plamen Panayotov (Canada), John Norris ( Denmark) and Michael Woywode (Germany).

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opening bid takes care of all hands with 24 points (HCP or with distribution points included) with the only exception of "Gambling 3NT".

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final bid, as the bonus for rubber, small slam or grand slam depends on the number of tricks taken rather than the number of tricks bid.

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strategic. It is this mixture of information exchange and evaluation, deduction, and tactics that is at the heart of bidding in bridge.

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and are vulnerable for the remaining rounds, but in duplicate bridge, vulnerability is predetermined based on the number of each board.

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has a similar mechanism: the usual trick-taking rules apply with the trump suit being spades, but in the beginning of the game, players

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as the strongest (by HCP and by DP+HCP) has become more common, perhaps especially at websites that offer duplicate bridge. Here the 2

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defender count out the entire original distribution of the cards in that suit. It is sometimes critical to know this when defending.

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Some national contract bridge organizations now offer online bridge play to their members, including the English Bridge Union, the

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contract would fail by one trick (unless West had led a club early in the play). The failure of the contract would not mean that 4

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is a mobile and web application where users can play deals against robots. The company was started in France and is now owned by

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establishing long suits (the last cards in a suit will take tricks if the opponents do not have the suit and are unable to trump)

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of a low-level suit bid, implying support for the unbid suits or the unbid major suits and asking partner to choose one of them.

218:(WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing it at the regional level. 3848: 3480: 3429: 2166:, having been first to bid hearts, and the player to South's left, West, has to choose the first card in the play, known as the 1087:

Duplicate bridge is played in clubs and tournaments, which can gather as many as several hundred players. Duplicate bridge is a

853: 842: 7723: 5682: 5439: 5384: 5344: 2554: 571: 563: 254: 804: 528: 242: 6339: 6172: 5618: 4140: 4107: 3614: 3413: 2821: 524: 238: 799: 471:, which enables comparative scoring in tournament play. Each player is dealt thirteen cards from a standard 52-card deck. A 7668: 7659: 6608: 1467: 824: 472: 374:(although 8 club odd tricks and 15 spade odd tricks were needed); the score could be doubled and redoubled; and there were 3550:"Review of the Olympic programme and the recommendations on the programme of the games of the XXIX Olympiad, Beijing 2008" 2603: 2599: 846: 226: 222: 6207: 6003: 4127: 4037: 2860: 1699: 3202:, p. 136: "The ACBL Board of Directors authorizes tournament organizers in ACBL sanctioned events to use bidding boxes." 6214: 6043: 5918: 4081: 2856: 2444:

BridgeClubLive is a subscription based club which was founded in 1994 with the Bridge Player Live Software for Windows.

531:, specifying how many tricks they will need to take in order to receive points, and also specifying the trump suit (or 2341:

K is in the west hand, but the west hand has no other clubs. In that case, declarer can succeed by simply cashing the

1413:, for instance, is a collection of conventions designed to bolster the accuracy and power of these basic ideas, while 6245: 4550: 4346: 4050: 2683: 2544: 7644: 6332: 5475: 4826: 1762: 1541:

Whether doubling or overcalling over opponents' 1NT is natural or conventional. One common artificial agreement is

1304:

exactly three points (for example, 12–14, 15–17 or 16–18), but some systems use a four-point range, usually 15–18.

871:

In rubber bridge, the rubber finishes when a partnership has won two games, but the partnership receiving the most

2405:

There are several free and subscription-based services available for playing bridge on the internet. For example:

7718: 7703: 6078: 5798: 5793: 5768: 5763: 5638: 5633: 5568: 5104: 4132: 4042: 4005: 3979: 2452:

and the Australian Bridge Federation. MSN and Yahoo! Games have several online rubber bridge rooms. In 2001, the

2376: 1542: 1096: 1029: 443: 7708: 7650: 6073: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5868: 5813: 5783: 5778: 5278: 4886: 2967: 2564: 2120:

with good club support and overall values. North complies, as North is at the higher end of the range for his 2

202:, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, 4009: 3524: 3403: 375: 6193: 6132: 5788: 4891: 4157: 3697: 2623:

e.g., if North is the dealer, they make a call, then the auction continues with East, South, West, and so on.

2229:

K. West decides there is no benefit to holding back, and so wins the trick with the ace, and then cashes the

1662:

Within play, it is also commonly agreed what systems of opening leads, signals and discards will be played:

7521: 7517: 5963: 5863: 5758: 3983: 476:

as the original card led, unless they have none (said to be "void"), in which case they may play any card.

319: 2750: 1532:), or an indication of strength but no biddable suit coupled with a request that partner bid something (a 267:

is the most popular variation for casual play, but most club and tournament play involves some variant of

7241: 7160: 6898: 6771: 6368: 6058: 5993: 5973: 5878: 5628: 5613: 5578: 5563: 5129: 4787: 3661: 1568:

is usually played in otherwise natural systems as conventional, signifying any exceptionally strong hand)

17: 3584: 7713: 7600: 6359: 6159: 6088: 5753: 5593: 5583: 5573: 4356: 4331: 4306: 426: 280: 3948: 6828: 6149: 5998: 5273: 4580: 4570: 3604: 2598:

The terms deal, hand, and board may be used interchangeably in bridge literature. More accurately, a

2456:

issued a special edition of the lawbook adapted for internet and other electronic forms of the game.

1393:

Doubles are sometimes given conventional meanings in otherwise mostly natural systems. A natural, or

425:

The modern game of contract bridge was the result of innovations to the scoring of auction bridge by

366:); dealer's partner's hand became dummy; points were scored above and below the line; game was 3NT, 4 779:

over 1NT) or the denomination is higher, with the order being in ascending (or alphabetical) order:

7698: 7140: 6179: 5883: 4361: 2813: 2559: 2143:

In the auction, north–south are trying to investigate whether their cards are sufficient to make a

1007: 285: 2775: 2199:

After considering the cards, the declarer directs dummy (North) to play a small spade. East plays

1283:

of the cards in a hand into suits may also contribute to the strength of a hand and be counted as

6740: 6680: 6453: 6093: 5913: 5873: 5773: 5643: 5598: 5532: 4661: 4321: 2453: 2449: 2381: 1798: 1112: 1060: 1013: 215: 129: 3549: 2060:

the bidding, they each pass, denying such strength. South, next in turn, opens with the bid of 1

1433:

There are also a variety of advanced techniques used for hand evaluation. The most basic is the

7404: 7090: 6221: 5953: 5738: 5713: 5608: 5542: 5144: 5089: 4630: 4016: 3990: 1477:

Point count required for 1 NT opening bid ('mini' 10–12, 'weak' 12–14, 'strong' 15–17 or 16–18)

1474:

How the partnership's bidding practices will be varied if their opponents intervene or compete.

391: 4070:

Hoyle's Modern Encyclopedia of Card Games: Rules of All the Basic Games and Popular Variations

1696:

that suit, thus not "wasting" a potentially useful intermediate card in the suit of interest.)

1287:. A better than average hand, containing 12 or 13 points, is usually considered sufficient to 7540: 7466: 7409: 6416: 6033: 6028: 5588: 5527: 5139: 5025: 4846: 4721: 4696: 4073: 2878: 2501: 195: 5718: 2805: 2357:

K. Therefore, the superior percentage play is to take the club finesse, as described above.

2235: 1866:

W E

7065: 7040: 6603: 6515: 6228: 6023: 6008: 5978: 5908: 5903: 5733: 5603: 5537: 4726: 4565: 4118: 4099: 2549: 2491: 1801:; North is the dealer and starts the auction which proceeds as shown in the bidding table. 1461: 1233: 2724: 2353:

Q as a winner. The chance of this is far lower than the chance that East started with the

2252:

the dummy (i.e. wins a trick in the dummy's hand) by leading a low diamond, using dummy's

302: 8: 6613: 6598: 6289: 5988: 5983: 5803: 5288: 5134: 5109: 5074: 4530: 4401: 4183: 2806: 1446: 1198: 596:

The four players sit in two partnerships with players sitting opposite their partners. A

2302:

are often omitted from such a description, unless they were important for the outcome).

1028:

Some zonal organisations of the WBF also publish editions of the Laws. For example, the

7487: 7424: 7373: 7338: 7284: 7000: 6702: 6545: 6468: 6258: 6200: 6137: 6083: 6038: 5517: 5501: 5491: 4771: 4590: 4535: 4455: 4406: 4391: 4301: 4281: 2516: 2409: 1721: 1481: 1438: 601:

on the table, such as a board containing the cards to be played (in duplicate bridge),

597: 512: 203: 6154: 4701: 3547: 2064:, which denotes a reasonable heart suit (at least 4 or 5 cards long, depending on the 7492: 7439: 7368: 7045: 6838: 6783: 6718: 6697: 6634: 6623: 6488: 6442: 6426: 6355: 6305: 6068: 5968: 5948: 5849: 5119: 5005: 4926: 4906: 4766: 4691: 4595: 4520: 4475: 4351: 4136: 4103: 4077: 4056: 4046: 3669: 3610: 3409: 2817: 2679: 1442: 1410: 1375: 1206: 1164: 547: 460: 294: 188: 2132:

queen of clubs to fit with partner's strength there. (North could instead have bid 3

1485:(together with Blackwood, described as "the two most famous conventions in Bridge".) 487:

10 so all players must play a spade unless they have none. East "follows suit" with

7379: 7328: 7231: 7105: 7080: 6868: 6823: 6813: 6798: 6750: 6639: 6560: 6499: 6410: 6404: 6272: 6013: 5923: 5204: 5183: 5099: 5069: 5059: 5054: 4871: 4866: 4666: 4585: 4495: 4341: 4336: 4326: 4296: 2611: 2511: 2481: 2471: 2243:

2 instead of another spade. Declarer plays low from the table, and East scores the

1677: 1561: 1423: 1379: 1334: 555: 468: 439: 268: 164: 2945: 397: 7311: 7289: 7261: 7197: 7176: 7075: 6910: 6707: 6655: 6576: 6565: 6398: 6393: 6324: 6265: 5893: 5888: 5748: 5229: 5199: 5010: 4995: 4985: 4921: 4876: 4525: 4515: 4485: 4386: 4376: 4311: 2466: 2372: 2366: 2307: 2264:

the queen with the king, and South takes the trick with the ace, and proceeds by

2069: 1684: 1573: 1284: 1275: 1249: 1143: 606: 479: 306: 7135: 7095: 4761: 7120: 6930: 6483: 6421: 6186: 5834: 5522: 5169: 5154: 5124: 5114: 5079: 5015: 5000: 4916: 4841: 4831: 4746: 4676: 4615: 4470: 4465: 4286: 4261: 2972: 2845: 2607: 2065: 1534: 1414: 1398: 1210: 1160: 1076: 836: 630: 617: 543: 431: 410: 402: 324: 258: 168: 6691: 4178: 3493:

A cross-referenced listing with additional documentation is also available at

7692: 7620: 7535: 7502: 7429: 7110: 7025: 6818: 6665: 6570: 5958: 5728: 5723: 5224: 5214: 5159: 5149: 5094: 5084: 5064: 5030: 5020: 4990: 4975: 4931: 4861: 4851: 4600: 4480: 4450: 4381: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4032: 3673: 2699: 2671: 2213: 2136:, indicating not enough strength for game, asking South to pass and so play 3 1767: 1182: 1178: 464: 359: 352: 264: 206:, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular 6863: 4060: 3495: 1670:

govern how the first card to be played will be chosen and what it will mean,

1333:, designed to make it difficult for the opposing team to bid and find their 1084:

only on the ability to bid with, and play, the same cards as other players.

7616: 7555: 7255: 7171: 6858: 6745: 6735: 6535: 6530: 5898: 5698: 5234: 5209: 5164: 4911: 4901: 4881: 4756: 4731: 4640: 4635: 4620: 4505: 4396: 4366: 4291: 4091: 3898: 2897: 2801: 2277: 1667: 1557: 383: 305:(1493–1553) mentions a game called "La Triomphe" in one of his works. Also 6712: 538:

In the example auction below, the east–west pair secures the contract of 6

362:

suit, or nominated his partner to do so; there was a call of "no trumps" (

77: 39: 7626: 7580: 7507: 7389: 7384: 7333: 6970: 6920: 6853: 6660: 6525: 6510: 5829: 5496: 5040: 4961: 4741: 4706: 4686: 4610: 4575: 4500: 4460: 4122: 3573: 1654: 1434: 1214: 1136: 1128: 602: 348: 103: 85: 6587: 6582: 1341:

Openings at the 2 level are either unusually strong (2NT, natural, and 2

358:

Biritch had many significant bridge-like developments: dealer chose the

7477: 7358: 7299: 7214: 7145: 7005: 6990: 6843: 6833: 6550: 6448: 5943: 5743: 5547: 5219: 5035: 4751: 4645: 4625: 4605: 4545: 4540: 4371: 2521: 2506: 2281:

a small club with a dummy's trump, then ruffs a diamond in hand for an

1450: 1297: 1293: 1088: 558:. Contrast with Spades, where players only have to bid their own hand. 463:

with thirteen tricks per deal. The dominant variations of the game are

379: 257:

trying to stop the declaring side from achieving its goal. The deal is

3548:

Franco Carraro (Olympic Programme Commission Chairman) (August 2002).

7570: 7482: 7450: 7445: 7419: 7394: 7343: 7225: 7219: 7085: 7070: 7015: 6995: 6945: 6925: 6593: 6555: 6437: 6018: 4980: 4836: 4681: 3873: 2486: 2287: 795:, and NT (no trump). Calls may be made orally or with a bidding box. 438:

The form of bridge mostly played in clubs, tournaments and online is

207: 199: 191: 6473: 4190: 2640:

and that becomes the final contract, then player A becomes declarer.

2217:, but for the purpose of this example, let us assume South wins the 1556:

Whether opening bids at the two level are 'strong' (20+ points) or '

852:

If the declaring side makes their contract, they receive points for

612: 7550: 7472: 7294: 7267: 7050: 7035: 7010: 6950: 6883: 6873: 6848: 6675: 6644: 6628: 6540: 6048: 4716: 4555: 4510: 2100: 2074: 323:

written by John Collinson, an English financier working in Ottoman

6975: 6793: 6431: 4201: 3923: 1510:, signifying an opening hand lacking a notable heart or spade suit 1456:

Common conventions and variations within natural systems include:

1409:

Bidding systems depart from these basic ideas in varying degrees.

1248:(to ask the opening 1NT bidder to show any four-card major suit), 1131:

containing all the possible calls a player can make in the auction

355:, which they crossed on their way to a coffeehouse to play cards. 7612: 7530: 7461: 7363: 7348: 7279: 7273: 7208: 7150: 7115: 7055: 7030: 7020: 6965: 6960: 6940: 6888: 6878: 6760: 6724: 6618: 6520: 6493: 4956: 4856: 4736: 4560: 4490: 4411: 4116: 3727: 2375:

made great progress at the end of the 20th century. In 1996, the

2285:

back, and ruffs the last club in dummy (sometimes described as a

2192: 1490: 1257: 1245: 337: 211: 7560: 6803: 6788: 2151:

in spades, hoping to play a contract in spades at a low level. 4

1036:

and additional documentation for club and tournament directors.

7565: 7545: 7434: 7414: 7399: 7353: 7322: 7317: 7202: 7181: 7130: 7125: 7060: 6985: 6980: 6935: 6915: 6729: 6670: 6650: 6504: 6463: 4896: 2476: 1072: 586: 81: 4173: 1593:

over 2NT respectively require the 1NT or 2NT bidder to rebid 2

1123: 1012:

The official rules of duplicate bridge are promulgated by the

798:

If the last bid was by the opposing partnership, one may also

7585: 7456: 7305: 7192: 7187: 7100: 6955: 6808: 6755: 6685: 6458: 6388: 6382: 3740: 2531: 2496: 1092: 508: 298: 172: 3783: 1091:, and its popularity gradually became comparable to that of 7608: 7590: 7575: 7497: 4711: 4671: 3952: 3758: 2526: 1553:

means both majors and a major shows that suit plus a minor.

1427: 1202: 551: 335:

as being the Russian community in Constantinople. The word

198:. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two 4188: 3849:"Qualifier for the 2021 World National Team Championships" 2846:"First Steps of Bridge in the West: Collinson's 'Biritch'" 1025:) to the sponsoring organisation (for example, the club). 414:

all 13 tricks, there is no difference in score between a 1

3289: 3253: 3024: 2678:. Teach Yourself Books. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 1. 4168: 3094: 3092: 3090: 2844:

Depaulis, Thierry; Fuchs, Jac (September–October 2003).

5466:

List of bridge people with Knowledge (English) articles

3823: 2968:"Turning Tricks – The rise and fall of contract bridge" 1688:"reverse" signals, meaning that a noticeably high card 1390:

will sometimes be made with only 3 cards in that suit.

876:

1 point) for each pair that they beat, and 1 point (or

546:

assigning meanings to bids, with common ones including

382:. This game, and variants of it known as "bridge" and " 341:

is thought to be a transliteration of the Russian word

4030: 3590: 2056:

As neither North nor East have sufficient strength to

1641:

respectively require the 1NT, or 2NT bidder to rebid 4

889:

Undertricks are scored in both variations as follows:

225:, each progressing through four phases. The cards are 3337: 3142: 3087: 1621:

over 1NT respectively require the 1NT bidder to bid 3

1549:

is a transfer to be passed or corrected to a major, 2

1048:

as published by the American Contract Bridge League.

2155:

is the final contract, 10 tricks being required for

2072:. On this hand, South has 14 high card points. West 1560:' (i.e., pre-emptive with a 6 card suit). (Note: an 3759:"Bridge Online Play Bridge Game On Line - OKbridge" 2606:is the four hands in one allocation of 52 cards; a 446:estimated there were 25 million players in the US. 6354: 289:John Collinson's "Biritch, or Russian Whist", 1886 154:Very low to moderate (depending on variant played) 3593:, p. 576. See World Bridge Federation (WBF). 3525:"The WBF Code of Laws for Electronic Bridge 2001" 2313:On the prior hand, it is quite possible that the 7690: 2337:Similarly, there is a minuscule chance that the 2317:K is held by West. For example, by swapping the 1521:requires a minimum of 4 or 5 cards in the suit ( 998:as promulgated by various bridge organizations. 2812:(2nd ed.). Wiley Publishing, Inc. p. 2776:"At the Bridge Table, Clues to a Lucid Old Age" 2748: 570:being the highest, as well as bonus points for 6115: 2895: 2393:in 2005 and 2006 in the Dutch bridge magazine 1367:NT", like 2NT but with 22–23 HCP. Whilst the 2 523:Bridge extends the concept of bidding into an 6340: 4217: 2876: 2843: 1777:playing a high card that no one else can beat 1710:suit in another suit might be called as such. 1181:in bridge bidding and play are summarized as 994:The rules of the game are referred to as the 378:bonuses. It has some features in common with 342: 5256: 3741:"Play bridge online for free with Funbridge" 3602: 3366: 3364: 2751:"Billionaires bank on bridge to trump poker" 1329:would be a candidate for an opening bid of 3 1209:, and mainly artificial systems such as the 1118: 5809:World Transnational Open Teams Championship 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3277: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 1727:Likewise, in some partnerships the bid of 2 1142:In top national and international events, " 1063:promulgated a set of laws for online play. 6347: 6333: 5845:European Universities Bridge Championships 5709:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games 5704:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games 4224: 4210: 3193: 2965: 1296:or notrump (more are usually needed for a 1220:Calls are usually considered to be either 1188: 331:dated 28 May 1906, document the origin of 6064:United States Bridge Championships - Open 5840:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships 3692: 3690: 3644: 3629: 3361: 3241: 3229: 2325:A between the defending hands. Then the 4 5624:List of contract bridge governing bodies 3659: 3574:"High Court rules bridge is not a sport" 3376: 3325: 3205: 3132: 3130: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3077: 3075: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2830: 2636:and player B, their partner, raises to 4 1265: 1122: 942: 933: 611: 585: 478: 430:in a rubber more expensive. The various 396: 284: 274: 253:trying to fulfill the contract, and the 3723: 3721: 3719: 3698:"Bridge-Bot World Championship History" 3349: 3313: 3181: 3169: 3159: 3157: 2997: 2995: 2602:is one player's holding of 13 cards; a 2387: 527:, where partnerships compete to take a 14: 7691: 5683:List of bridge competitions and awards 5284:List of nationality transfers in sport 4254: 4169:American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) 4090: 4067: 3828:USBF (United States Bridge Federation) 3687: 3343: 3295: 3259: 3148: 3098: 3036: 3030: 2857:The International Playing-Card Society 2800: 2555:List of bridge competitions and awards 1714: 1071:Bridge is a game of skill played with 246: 6328: 6173:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know 6114: 6054:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams 5664: 5619:International Mind Sports Association 5255: 4808: 4432: 4243: 4205: 4187: 3606:Bridge Maxims: Secrets of Better Play 3603:Grant, Audrey; Rodwell, Eric (1987). 3401: 3301: 3265: 3127: 3104: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3007: 2670: 2459: 2371:After many years of little progress, 2260:Q from dummy to the next trick. East 1938: 1925: 1858: 1824: 1806: 5857:North American bridge Championships: 4026:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3716: 3591:Francis, Truscott & Francis 2001 3562:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3537:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3217: 3154: 2992: 2980: 2866:from the original on 9 October 2022. 2749:Martha T. Moore (19 December 2005). 1797:The cards are dealt as shown in the 1692:that suit and a noticeably low card 581: 459:Bridge is a four-player partnership 293:Bridge is a member of the family of 6208:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 6004:North American Bridge Championships 4231: 4128:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 4038:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 4035:; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (2001). 3824:"2021 World Championship and USBCs" 3660:Truscott, Alan (13 December 1981). 3541: 3430:"The Laws of Duplicate Bridge 2017" 3286:, Part I ("Definitions"): Declarer. 2094:points. East supports spades with 2 1946:K Q 10 5 3 1840:A 10 7 6 5 1404: 1075:dealt cards, which makes it also a 24: 6215:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand 5919:Keohane North American Swiss Teams 4151: 4004: 4000:from the original on 6 April 2016. 3951:. 20 December 1996. Archived from 3702:World Computer-Bridge Championship 3555:. IOC Executive Board. p. 8. 3460: 3389: 3355: 3247: 3238:, Law 6B & 6E, pp. 9–10. 3235: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3175: 2256:A to win the trick, and leads the 2128:bid promised only three), and the 2124:bid, and has a fourth trump (the 2 2090:, showing heart support and about 1856:K Q 8 7 2 1756: 1571:Whether the partnership will play 1495:the partnership will play, if any. 1493:(e.g. bidding the opponents' suit) 467:, more common in social play; and 327:. It and his subsequent letter to 25: 7735: 6246:List of contract bridge magazines 5665: 4551:Optimum contract and par contract 4347:Glossary of contract bridge terms 4194:Topics related to Contract bridge 4162: 2877:Alan Truscott (2 February 1992). 2545:Glossary of contract bridge terms 2221:A at trick 1). South proceeds by 2203:(small card) and South takes the 1508:(also called 'phoney' or 'short') 591:Partners sit opposite each other. 229:to the players; then the players 221:The game consists of a number of 7640: 7639: 4189: 3442:from the original on 17 May 2017 2966:David Owen (17 September 2007). 2253: 2244: 2240: 1784:trumping an opponent's high card 1763:List of play techniques (bridge) 1745: 1736: 1634: 1626: 1586: 1578: 1550: 1503: 1465:(either the original version or 1387: 1368: 1346: 1320: 1237: 1229: 784: 733: 676: 492: 371: 38: 6044:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs 5799:World Senior Teams Championship 5794:World Senior Pairs Championship 5769:World Junior Teams Championship 5764:World Junior Pairs Championship 5639:United States Bridge Federation 5634:South African Bridge Federation 5569:American Contract Bridge League 5105:Non-simultaneous double squeeze 4133:American Contract Bridge League 4131:(7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS: 4043:American Contract Bridge League 4006:American Contract Bridge League 3980:American Contract Bridge League 3978: 3971: 3949:"Bridge Player LIVE! - /BPLIVE" 3941: 3916: 3891: 3866: 3841: 3816: 3801: 3776: 3751: 3733: 3653: 3638: 3623: 3596: 3566: 3517: 3512: 3506: 3465: 3454: 3422: 3402:Reese, Terence (17 June 2013). 3395: 3370: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3283: 3271: 3223: 3163: 3136: 3121: 3081: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3018: 3001: 2986: 2959: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2917:Elwell 1905 and Benedict 1900. 2911: 2889: 2870: 2643: 2632:For example, if player A bids 2 2626: 2617: 1300:game, as the level is higher). 1097:International Olympic Committee 1030:American Contract Bridge League 6074:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs 5939:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs 5929:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs 5869:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs 5814:World Women Pairs Championship 5784:World Mixed Teams Championship 5779:World Mixed Pairs Championship 5279:List of contract bridge people 4887:Principle of restricted choice 3784:"Real Bridge with Real People" 2896:John Collinson (9 July 1886). 2794: 2768: 2742: 2717: 2692: 2664: 2637: 2633: 2592: 2582: 2565:List of contract bridge people 2400: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2230: 2226: 2218: 2204: 2159:to make with hearts as trump. 2152: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2095: 2087: 2079: 2061: 2031: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1994: 1927: 1812: 1740: 1728: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1614: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1582: 1518: 1514: 1330: 1314: 1310: 1109:American Auction Bridge League 1066: 792: 788: 742: 716: 702: 690: 682: 539: 496: 488: 484: 419: 415: 367: 13: 1: 7724:Card games introduced in 1925 6194:Contract Bridge for Beginners 6133:List of contract bridge books 5789:World Open Pairs Championship 5471:List of bridge administrators 4809: 4174:World Bridge Federation (WBF) 4158:List of contract bridge books 4041:(6th ed.). Memphis, TN: 3373:, Law 72–74, pp. 34–35. 3045:, Law 72(a), pp. 34–35. 2610:is a term more applicable to 2570: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2318: 2314: 2272: 2257: 2186: 2105: 2020: 1803: 1732: 1622: 1618: 1565: 1546: 1499: 1418: 1383: 1350: 1342: 1324: 780: 776: 708: 696: 6079:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams 5964:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams 5864:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge 5759:World IMP Pairs Championship 4244: 4121:; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey; 3662:"Bridge – One for the Books" 3649:. Bridge Lessons. (Deal 14). 3473:"Basic Laws and Regulations" 2855:. Vol. 32, no. 2. 2657: 2360: 1506:) is 'natural' or 'suspect' 1274:Most systems use a count of 1001: 982: 979: 976: 973: 965: 962: 959: 956: 948: 945: 939: 936: 7: 7669:Tarot and Tarock card games 7660:Non trick-taking card games 6059:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams 5994:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams 5974:Nail Life Master Open Pairs 5934:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams 5879:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match 5629:Norwegian Bridge Federation 5614:Hungarian Bridge Federation 5579:Brazilian Bridge Federation 5564:American Bridge Association 5130:Simultaneous double squeeze 4788:List of bidding conventions 4433: 3634:. Bridge Lessons. (Deal 1). 3530:. World Bridge Federation. 3435:. World Bridge Federation. 3405:Bridge for Bright Beginners 3214:, Law 80, pp. 99–100. 2898:"Biritch, or Russian Whist" 2729:Baron Barclay Bridge Supply 2538: 2233:Q. For fear of conceding a 2211:. (South may also elect to 1879:10 9 5 4 1513:Whether an opening bid of 1 1417:is a system that uses the 1 1149: 454: 449: 10: 7740: 6160:Terence Reese bibliography 6116:Publications and resources 5754:World Bridge Championships 5594:Canadian Bridge Federation 5584:Bridge Federation of India 5574:Austrian Bridge Federation 4357:History of contract bridge 4332:Duplicate bridge movements 4155: 4068:Gibson, Walter B. (1974). 4010:"Laws of Duplicate Bridge" 3274:, Law 40, pp. 18–19. 3124:, Law 81, pp. 37–39. 3021:, Law 44, pp. 20–21. 2364: 1962:A J 8 5 1921:K 9 6 4 1832:J 8 7 4 1792: 1760: 1158: 1154: 1005: 834: 830: 823:At any time, a player may 643: 636: 427:Harold Stirling Vanderbilt 281:History of contract bridge 278: 113:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 7635: 7599: 7516: 7240: 7159: 6897: 6770: 6367: 6298: 6282: 6238: 6150:Edwin Kantar bibliography 6125: 6121: 6110: 5999:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs 5822: 5691: 5675: 5671: 5660: 5556: 5510: 5484: 5458: 5297: 5274:ACBL Youngest Life Master 5266: 5262: 5251: 5192: 4940: 4819: 4815: 4804: 4780: 4654: 4581:Quantitative notrump bids 4571:Principle of fast arrival 4443: 4439: 4428: 4250: 4239: 4199: 3250:, Law 7B & 7C, p. 11. 1119:Bidding boxes and screens 1054: 1046:The Laws of Rubber Bridge 1039: 905: 902: 897: 894: 483:In this trick, North led 351:, and named it after the 343: 320:Biritch, or Russian Whist 311:Linguae latinae exercitio 163: 158: 150: 125: 117: 109: 99: 91: 73: 65: 57: 49: 37: 6741:Twenty-five (Spoil Five) 6180:Bridge Squeezes Complete 6155:Hugh Kelsey bibliography 5884:Fall National Open Pairs 5257:People and organizations 4362:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3609:. Prentice-Hall Canada. 3461:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3390:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3356:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3248:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3236:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3212:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3200:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3188:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3178:, Law 6, pp. 9–10. 3176:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 2575: 2560:List of bridge magazines 1652:Which (if any) bids are 1034:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 1008:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 989: 971:4th and each subsequent 507:Unlike its predecessor, 6356:Trick-taking card games 6089:Whitehead Women's Pairs 5914:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams 5774:World Mind Sports Games 5644:World Bridge Federation 5599:Dutch Bridge Federation 5533:Galatasaray Bridge Team 4827:List of play techniques 4662:List of bidding systems 4322:Contract bridge diagram 3984:"Laws of Rubber Bridge" 3924:"Home - BridgeClubLive" 3812:: 54–59. February 2021. 3408:. Courier Corporation. 3334:, Law 68–71, pp. 82–86. 3322:, Law 68–71, pp. 32–34. 3166:, Law 8, pp. 5–6. 3004:, Law 3, pp. 3–4. 2907:– via Pagat.com . 2450:Dutch Bridge Federation 2382:Albuquerque, New Mexico 2112:the partner to bid the 1700:Suit preference signals 1658:and require a response. 1189:Systems and conventions 1113:World Bridge Federation 814: 297:and is a derivative of 216:World Bridge Federation 7719:French deck card games 7704:Four-player card games 6222:Right Through the Pack 5954:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs 5739:Triple crown of bridge 5714:Cavendish Invitational 5609:European Bridge League 5543:Portland Club (London) 5476:List of bridge writers 5145:Stepping-stone squeeze 5090:Entry-shifting squeeze 4727:Kaplan–Sheinwold 4631:Useful space principle 3928:www.bridgeclublive.com 3853:European Bridge League 3647:Stayman & Transfer 3632:Stayman & Transfer 2704:Kardwell International 1338:make game themselves. 1132: 898:Points per undertrick 622: 593: 500: 406: 392:London's Portland Club 290: 200:competing partnerships 7709:Games of mental skill 7651:Historical card games 7248:(except where stated) 6375:(except where stated) 6034:Senior Knockout Teams 6029:Roth Open Swiss Teams 5589:British Bridge League 4722:Highly unusual method 4697:Bridge World Standard 4156:Further information: 4100:John Wiley & Sons 3808:"RealBridge Review". 3513:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3371:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3332:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3320:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3308:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3284:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3272:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3224:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3164:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3137:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3122:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3082:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3067:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3055:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3043:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3019:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3002:Laws of Rubber Bridge 2987:Laws of Rubber Bridge 2614:and refers to a deal. 2349:K and setting up the 2086:partner's suit with 2 1731:in the sequence 1NT–2 1266:Basic natural systems 1126: 1032:(ACBL) publishes the 868:grand slam is 1,500. 615: 589: 482: 400: 288: 275:History and etymology 210:, particularly among 196:standard 52-card deck 6229:Tickets to the Devil 6024:Rockwell Mixed Pairs 6009:North American Pairs 5979:National 199er Pairs 5909:Hilliard Mixed Pairs 5904:Grand National Teams 5734:Senior Bowl (bridge) 5604:English Bridge Union 5538:Melville Bridge Club 4566:Prepared opening bid 2550:List of bridge books 2388:Stand-alone software 1666:Conventions for the 1611:minor suit transfers 1313: KQJ9872 1234:Blackwood convention 923: Doubled 914: Doubled 241:seeking to take the 44:Bridge declarer play 7405:Officers' Schafkopf 6290:Grand Slam (BBC TV) 6094:Young LM–1500 Pairs 5989:National 99er Pairs 5984:National 49er Pairs 5874:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs 5804:World Team Olympiad 5289:Bridge Headquarters 5135:Single-suit squeeze 5110:Progressive squeeze 5075:Criss-cross squeeze 4531:Law of total tricks 4402:Traveling scoreslip 4031:Francis, Henry G.; 3955:on 20 December 1996 3496:"Bridge Laws Index" 3298:, pp. 136–137. 3262:, pp. 135–136. 3033:, pp. 632–636. 1915:10 7 2 1799:bridge hand diagram 1715:Advanced techniques 1617:and either 2NT or 3 1447:law of total tricks 1285:distribution points 667: 329:The Saturday Review 132:tournament games = 34: 7601:Swiss German packs 7285:Bohemian Schneider 7232:Württemberg Tarock 6201:Design for Bidding 6138:Master Point Press 6084:Wernher Open Pairs 6039:Silodor Open Pairs 5823:National and Zonal 5518:Bridge Base Online 5298:Players by country 5177:Suit combinations: 5026:Morton's fork coup 4772:Strong club system 4591:Sacrifice (bridge) 4536:Losing-Trick Count 4456:Balancing (bridge) 4392:Singaporean bridge 4302:Cheating in bridge 4282:Bridge Murder case 4179:The Bridge Library 4096:Bridge for Dummies 3728:Manley et al. 2011 3666:The New York Times 3580:. 15 October 2015. 2883:The New York Times 2859:. pp. 67–76. 2808:Bridge for Dummies 2780:The New York Times 2460:Related card games 2410:Bridge Base Online 2291:). Finally, South 2098:. South inserts a 2068:) and at least 12 1907:K Q 9 1901:J 4 2 1722:Stayman convention 1523:4 or 5 card majors 1439:losing trick count 1177:A number of basic 1133: 954:2nd and 3rd, each 661: 623: 598:cardinal direction 594: 578:by the defenders. 501: 407: 295:trick-taking games 291: 32: 7714:Multiplayer games 7686: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7493:Wendish Schafkopf 7440:Russian Schnapsen 7249: 7165: 6904: 6777: 6376: 6322: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6306:Bridge Base Basic 6106: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6069:Vanderbilt Trophy 5969:Mott-Smith Trophy 5949:Master Individual 5850:Gold Cup (bridge) 5719:Computer Olympiad 5656: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5120:Saturated squeeze 5006:Deschapelles coup 4800: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4767:Standard American 4692:Bridge Base Basic 4596:Shooting (bridge) 4521:Honor point count 4476:Bridge convention 4424: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4352:High card by suit 4142:978-0-939460-99-1 4109:978-1-118-24083-0 4076:: Dolphin Books. 4033:Truscott, Alan F. 3745:www.funbridge.com 3704:. 19 January 2017 3616:978-0-13-081936-9 3415:978-0-486-31746-5 2823:978-0-471-92426-5 2422:which is part of 2239:, West plays the 2054: 2053: 1966: 1965: 1707:Surrogate signals 1443:honor point count 1411:Standard American 1376:Standard American 1207:Standard American 1165:Bridge convention 1135:In tournaments, " 987: 986: 864:between the two. 768: 767: 763: 762: 660: 582:Setup and dealing 548:Standard American 461:trick-taking game 178: 177: 80:, communication, 50:Alternative names 16:(Redirected from 7731: 7673: 7667: 7664: 7658: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7329:German Schafkopf 7245: 7163: 6902: 6775: 6614:Norseman's knock 6372: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6326: 6325: 6273:The Bridge World 6255: 6254: 6169: 6168: 6147: 6146: 6123: 6122: 6112: 6111: 6014:Red Ribbon Pairs 5924:Lebhar IMP Pairs 5859: 5858: 5673: 5672: 5662: 5661: 5557:Governing bodies 5264: 5263: 5253: 5252: 5205:Journalist leads 5184:Suit combination 5179: 5178: 5100:Knockout squeeze 5070:Compound squeeze 5060:Cannibal squeeze 5055:Backwash squeeze 5050: 5049: 4971: 4970: 4952: 4951: 4867:Grosvenor gambit 4817: 4816: 4806: 4805: 4667:2/1 game forcing 4586:Reverse (bridge) 4496:Five-card majors 4441: 4440: 4430: 4429: 4337:Five-suit bridge 4327:Duplicate bridge 4252: 4251: 4241: 4240: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4193: 4185: 4184: 4146: 4113: 4098:(3rd ed.). 4087: 4064: 4027: 4025: 4014: 4001: 3999: 3988: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3554: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3529: 3521: 3515: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3483:on 10 April 2017 3479:. Archived from 3469: 3463: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3441: 3434: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3399: 3393: 3392:, Law 77, p. 95. 3387: 3374: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3310:, Law 43, p. 20. 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3139:, Law 41, p. 19. 3134: 3125: 3119: 3102: 3096: 3085: 3084:, Law 22, p. 11. 3079: 3070: 3069:, Law 18, p. 10. 3064: 3058: 3057:, Law 19, p. 10. 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3005: 2999: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2946:"Auction bridge" 2942: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2853:The Playing-Card 2850: 2841: 2828: 2827: 2811: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2668: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612:duplicate bridge 2596: 2590: 2586: 2424:52 Entertainment 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2274: 2259: 2255: 2246: 2242: 2236:ruff and discard 2232: 2228: 2220: 2206: 2188: 2158: 2154: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2107: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2081: 2070:high card points 2063: 2033: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1996: 1968: 1967: 1929: 1814: 1804: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1574:Jacoby transfers 1567: 1552: 1548: 1520: 1516: 1505: 1502:(and sometimes 1 1501: 1424:2/1 game forcing 1420: 1405:Basic variations 1389: 1385: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1335:optimum contract 1332: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1276:high card points 1250:Jacoby transfers 1239: 1231: 892: 891: 885: 884: 880: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 744: 735: 718: 710: 704: 698: 692: 684: 678: 668: 645: 644: 641: 640: 618:Duplicate Boards 556:2/1 game forcing 541: 498: 495:J and West with 494: 490: 486: 469:duplicate bridge 440:duplicate bridge 421: 417: 373: 369: 346: 345: 269:duplicate bridge 165:Duplicate bridge 146:minutes per deal 145: 144: 140: 137: 42: 35: 31: 21: 7739: 7738: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7699:Contract bridge 7689: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7662: 7656: 7653: 7647: 7631: 7595: 7512: 7312:Dreierschnapsen 7290:Bohemian Watten 7262:Bauernschnapsen 7247: 7244: 7236: 7177:Bavarian Tarock 7155: 7006:Klaberjass/Bela 6901: 6893: 6774: 6766: 6566:Knock-out whist 6374: 6371: 6363: 6353: 6323: 6310: 6294: 6278: 6266:Bridge Magazine 6259:Bridge d'Italia 6252: 6251: 6234: 6166: 6165: 6145:Bibliographies: 6144: 6143: 6117: 6098: 5894:Fishbein Trophy 5889:Fast Open Pairs 5856: 5855: 5818: 5749:WBF Youth Award 5687: 5667: 5648: 5552: 5506: 5480: 5454: 5293: 5258: 5239: 5200:Forcing defense 5188: 5176: 5175: 5047: 5046: 4996:Coup en passant 4986:Belladonna coup 4968: 4967: 4949: 4948: 4936: 4922:Trump promotion 4877:Percentage play 4811: 4792: 4776: 4702:Canapé (bridge) 4650: 4526:Inverted minors 4516:Hand evaluation 4486:Convention card 4435: 4416: 4377:Neuberg formula 4317:Contract bridge 4312:Computer bridge 4246: 4235: 4233:Contract bridge 4230: 4195: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4152:Further reading 4149: 4143: 4125:, eds. (2011). 4117:Manley, Brent; 4110: 4084: 4074:Garden City, NY 4053: 4023: 4012: 3997: 3986: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3899:"Online Bridge" 3897: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3782: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3658: 3654: 3645:Andrew Robson. 3643: 3639: 3630:Andrew Robson. 3628: 3624: 3617: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3507: 3494: 3486: 3484: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3377: 3369: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3190:, Law 7, p. 11. 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3128: 3120: 3105: 3097: 3088: 3080: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3008: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2848: 2842: 2831: 2824: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2700:"Bridge Tables" 2698: 2697: 2693: 2686: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2648: 2644: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2541: 2536: 2462: 2403: 2390: 2373:computer bridge 2369: 2367:Computer bridge 2363: 2345:A, felling the 2308:traveling sheet 2207:A, gaining the 2176:adjacent honors 2172:touching honors 2156: 2091: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1816:Not Vulnerable 1815: 1810: 1808: 1795: 1765: 1759: 1757:Play techniques 1717: 1631:Texas transfers 1407: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1323: 42 1319: 1309: 1268: 1191: 1167: 1159:Main articles: 1157: 1152: 1144:bidding screens 1121: 1069: 1057: 1042: 1010: 1004: 992: 931:1st undertrick 906:Not vulnerable 882: 878: 877: 839: 833: 817: 666: 664:Example auction 639: 621: 592: 584: 544:bidding systems 457: 452: 401:Bridge club at 307:Juan Luis Vives 283: 277: 181:Contract bridge 142: 138: 135: 133: 110:Rank (high→low) 45: 33:Contract bridge 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7737: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7605: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7527: 7525: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7252: 7250: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7166: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7121:Tausendundeins 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7046:Officers' Skat 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6931:Bauernheinrich 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6907: 6905: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6727: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6497: 6491: 6486: 6484:Call-ace whist 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6424: 6422:Auction bridge 6419: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6379: 6377: 6365: 6364: 6352: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6329: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6302: 6300: 6299:External links 6296: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6248: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6204: 6197: 6190: 6187:The Cardturner 6183: 6176: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6140: 6135: 6129: 6127: 6119: 6118: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5835:Camrose Trophy 5832: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5679: 5677: 5669: 5668: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5523:Cavendish Club 5520: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5270: 5268: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5172: 5170:Winkle squeeze 5167: 5162: 5157: 5155:Triple squeeze 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5125:Simple squeeze 5122: 5117: 5115:Pseudo-squeeze 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5080:Double squeeze 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5016:Loser on loser 5013: 5008: 5003: 5001:Crocodile coup 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4832:Avoidance play 4829: 4823: 4821: 4813: 4812: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4747:Precision Club 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4677:Bidding system 4674: 4669: 4664: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4616:Takeout double 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4471:Board (bridge) 4468: 4466:Bidding system 4463: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4437: 4436: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4287:Bridge scoring 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4262:Auction bridge 4258: 4256: 4248: 4247: 4237: 4236: 4229: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4164: 4163:External links 4161: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4141: 4114: 4108: 4088: 4083:978-0385076807 4082: 4065: 4051: 4028: 4002: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3940: 3915: 3890: 3865: 3840: 3815: 3810:English Bridge 3800: 3775: 3750: 3732: 3715: 3686: 3652: 3637: 3622: 3615: 3595: 3583: 3565: 3540: 3516: 3505: 3464: 3453: 3421: 3414: 3394: 3375: 3360: 3358:, Law 2, p. 6. 3348: 3346:, p. 138. 3336: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3228: 3226:, Law 4, p. 4. 3216: 3204: 3192: 3180: 3168: 3153: 3151:, p. 134. 3141: 3126: 3103: 3101:, p. 135. 3086: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3006: 2991: 2989:, Law 1, p. 3. 2979: 2973:The New Yorker 2958: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2888: 2869: 2829: 2822: 2793: 2767: 2741: 2716: 2691: 2684: 2672:Reese, Terence 2662: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2642: 2625: 2616: 2591: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2426: 2413: 2402: 2399: 2389: 2386: 2365:Main article: 2362: 2359: 2268:the remaining 2225:, leading the 2066:bidding system 2052: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1761:Main article: 1758: 1755: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1704: 1697: 1682: 1675: 1671: 1660: 1659: 1650: 1569: 1554: 1539: 1535:takeout double 1530:penalty double 1526: 1511: 1496: 1488:What types of 1486: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1468:Roman Key Card 1415:Precision Club 1406: 1403: 1399:takeout double 1267: 1264: 1211:Precision Club 1195:bidding system 1190: 1187: 1179:rules of thumb 1161:Bidding system 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1120: 1117: 1077:game of chance 1068: 1065: 1056: 1053: 1041: 1038: 1006:Main article: 1003: 1000: 991: 988: 985: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 968: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 951: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 928: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 908: 907: 904: 900: 899: 896: 837:Bridge scoring 835:Main article: 832: 829: 816: 813: 766: 765: 761: 760: 758: 756: 753: 749: 748: 745: 739: 736: 729: 728: 725: 722: 719: 712: 711: 705: 699: 693: 686: 685: 679: 673: 671: 662: 659: 658: 655: 652: 649: 638: 635: 616: 590: 583: 580: 491:K, South with 456: 453: 451: 448: 411:auction bridge 403:Shimer College 325:Constantinople 279:Main article: 276: 273: 251:declaring side 176: 175: 169:auction bridge 161: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7736: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7670: 7661: 7652: 7646: 7638: 7637: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7621:Hindersi-Jass 7618: 7614: 7610: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7503:Unteransetzen 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7430:Rosbiratschka 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7380:Lusti-Kartl'n 7378: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7111:Slobberhannes 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026:Letzter Stich 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6896: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6819:Catch the ten 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6773: 6769: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6690: 6688:(Danish) (20) 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6571:Konter a Matt 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6345: 6343: 6338: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6113: 6109: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5959:Mini-Spingold 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5729:Rosenblum Cup 5727: 5725: 5724:McConnell Cup 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666:Championships 5663: 5659: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5450:United States 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5250: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5225:Rusinow leads 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5215:Rule of 10-12 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193:Defender play 5191: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5160:Trump squeeze 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5150:Strip squeeze 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5095:Guard squeeze 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5085:Entry squeeze 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5065:Clash squeeze 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5031:Scissors coup 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5021:Merrimac coup 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976:Alcatraz coup 4974: 4972: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941:Declarer play 4939: 4933: 4932:Vacant Places 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4892:Probabilities 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4803: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4601:Single suiter 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4481:Brown sticker 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4451:Balanced hand 4449: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4427: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4382:Rubber bridge 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4277:Bridge maxims 4275: 4273: 4272:Bridge-O-Rama 4270: 4268: 4267:Bridge ethics 4265: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4222: 4220: 4215: 4213: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092:Kantar, Eddie 4089: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4052:0-943855-44-6 4048: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4022: 4018: 4017:Horn Lake, MS 4011: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3992: 3991:Horn Lake, MS 3985: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3904: 3903:swangames.com 3900: 3894: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3730:, p. 597 3729: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3691: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3648: 3641: 3633: 3626: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3558: 3551: 3544: 3533: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3457: 3438: 3431: 3425: 3417: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3292: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3225: 3220: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3068: 3063: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2988: 2983: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2962: 2947: 2941: 2932: 2926:Melrose 1901. 2923: 2914: 2899: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2809: 2803: 2802:Kantar, Eddie 2797: 2782:. 22 May 2009 2781: 2777: 2771: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2687: 2685:0-340-32438-4 2681: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2646: 2629: 2620: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2585: 2581: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2398: 2396: 2385: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2358: 2335: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2251: 2238: 2237: 2224: 2223:drawing trump 2216: 2215: 2210: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162:South is the 2160: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2131: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2102: 2085: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1790: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1768:Terence Reese 1764: 1754: 1750: 1725: 1723: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1632: 1612: 1585:over 1NT or 3 1576: 1575: 1570: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1512: 1509: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1416: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1381: 1380:5-card majors 1377: 1372: 1339: 1336: 1305: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1235: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1183:bridge maxims 1180: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1137:bidding boxes 1130: 1125: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1059:In 2001, the 1052: 1049: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1018: 1015: 1009: 999: 997: 970: 969: 953: 952: 930: 929: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 909: 901: 893: 890: 887: 874: 869: 865: 861: 857: 855: 850: 848: 844: 838: 828: 826: 821: 812: 808: 806: 801: 796: 774: 759: 757: 754: 751: 750: 746: 740: 737: 731: 730: 726: 723: 720: 714: 713: 706: 700: 694: 688: 687: 680: 674: 672: 670: 669: 665: 656: 653: 650: 647: 646: 642: 634: 632: 627: 619: 614: 610: 608: 604: 603:bidding boxes 599: 588: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 536: 534: 530: 526: 521: 518: 514: 510: 505: 481: 477: 474: 470: 466: 465:rubber bridge 462: 447: 445: 441: 436: 433: 428: 423: 412: 404: 399: 395: 393: 389: 388:Lord Brougham 385: 381: 377: 365: 361: 356: 354: 353:Galata Bridge 350: 340: 339: 334: 330: 326: 322: 321: 314: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 287: 282: 272: 270: 266: 265:Rubber bridge 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 186: 182: 174: 170: 166: 162: 159:Related games 157: 153: 149: 131: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 83: 79: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 41: 36: 30: 19: 7672:}} 7666:{{ 7663:}} 7657:{{ 7654:}} 7648:{{ 7617:Schieberjass 7556:Calabresella 7256:Bauernfangen 7242:German packs 7198:Haferltarock 7172:Bauerntarock 7161:German packs 7141:Twenty-eight 7096:Siebenschräm 6899:French packs 6859:Six-bid solo 6772:French packs 6746:Two-ten-jack 6736:Turkish King 6536:German whist 6531:French whist 6478: 6369:French packs 6283:TV and Radio 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6199: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6142: 5899:Goren Trophy 5854: 5699:Bermuda Bowl 5235:Smith signal 5210:Opening lead 5174: 5165:Vice squeeze 5140:Squeeze play 5045: 5011:Devil's coup 4966: 4947: 4912:Smother play 4882:Pin (bridge) 4847:Card reading 4762:Säffle Spade 4757:Romex system 4732:Little Major 4641:Weak two bid 4636:Void (cards) 4621:Three suiter 4506:Forcing pass 4367:Masterpoints 4316: 4292:Bridge whist 4232: 4126: 4123:Rigal, Barry 4119:Horton, Mark 4095: 4069: 4036: 3972:Bibliography 3957:. Retrieved 3953:the original 3943: 3931:. Retrieved 3927: 3918: 3906:. Retrieved 3902: 3893: 3881:. Retrieved 3878:Shark Bridge 3877: 3868: 3856:. Retrieved 3852: 3843: 3831:. Retrieved 3827: 3818: 3809: 3803: 3791:. Retrieved 3787: 3778: 3766:. Retrieved 3763:okbridge.com 3762: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3706:. Retrieved 3701: 3679:13 September 3677:. Retrieved 3665: 3655: 3646: 3640: 3631: 3625: 3605: 3598: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3543: 3519: 3508: 3499: 3485:. Retrieved 3481:the original 3477:ACBL website 3476: 3467: 3456: 3444:. Retrieved 3424: 3404: 3397: 3351: 3339: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3144: 3062: 3050: 3038: 3026: 2982: 2971: 2961: 2949:. Retrieved 2940: 2935:Foster 1889. 2931: 2922: 2913: 2901:. Retrieved 2891: 2882: 2872: 2852: 2807: 2796: 2784:. Retrieved 2779: 2770: 2758:. Retrieved 2754: 2744: 2732:. Retrieved 2728: 2719: 2707:. Retrieved 2703: 2694: 2675: 2666: 2645: 2628: 2619: 2594: 2584: 2447: 2404: 2391: 2370: 2336: 2312: 2304: 2299: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2249: 2234: 2222: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168:opening lead 2167: 2163: 2161: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2129: 2113: 2109: 2099: 2083: 2073: 2057: 2055: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1796: 1787: 1766: 1751: 1726: 1718: 1693: 1689: 1668:opening lead 1661: 1653: 1630: 1610: 1572: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1507: 1489: 1480: 1466: 1460: 1455: 1432: 1408: 1394: 1392: 1373: 1340: 1306: 1302: 1288: 1281:distribution 1280: 1273: 1269: 1256: 1254: 1242: 1236:, a bid of 5 1226:conventional 1225: 1221: 1219: 1194: 1192: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1141: 1134: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1086: 1080: 1070: 1058: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1019: 1011: 995: 993: 895:Undertricks 888: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 851: 840: 822: 818: 809: 797: 772: 769: 663: 628: 624: 595: 575: 567: 560: 537: 532: 522: 516: 506: 502: 458: 437: 424: 408: 384:bridge whist 363: 357: 336: 332: 328: 318: 315: 310: 292: 263: 234: 230: 220: 189:trick-taking 184: 183:, or simply 180: 179: 126:Playing time 61:Trick-taking 29: 7627:Kaiserspiel 7581:Truc y Flou 7508:Zehnerlegen 7390:Matzlfangen 7334:German Solo 6921:Bassadewitz 6854:Scharwenzel 6692:Skærvindsel 6681:Sixty-three 6661:Ristikontra 6609:Ninety-nine 6526:Forty-fives 6511:Court piece 6454:Black Maria 5830:Buffett Cup 5528:Crockford's 5497:Dallas Aces 5459:Other lists 5440:Switzerland 5410:New Zealand 5345:Netherlands 5041:Vienna coup 4962:Safety play 4781:Conventions 4742:Polish Club 4707:Carrot Club 4687:Boring Club 4611:Strong pass 4576:Psychic bid 4501:Forcing bid 4461:Bidding box 3883:15 November 3500:BridgeHands 3344:Gibson 1974 3296:Gibson 1974 3260:Gibson 1974 3149:Gibson 1974 3099:Gibson 1974 3031:Gibson 1974 2725:"Furniture" 2401:Online play 1809:Matchpoints 1690:discourages 1562:opening bid 1543:Cappelletti 1435:Milton Work 1215:Polish Club 1199:conventions 1129:bidding box 1081:duplicating 1067:Tournaments 903:Vulnerable 349:Crimean War 204:tournaments 86:probability 18:Bridge game 7693:Categories 7478:Trischettn 7359:Kein Stich 7300:Doppelkopf 7215:Mulatschak 7146:Zwanzig ab 7091:Sheepshead 7076:Préférence 6864:Svängknack 6844:Marjapussi 6834:Hindersche 6708:Spoil Five 6551:Hucklebuck 6449:Black lady 6253:Magazines: 5944:Marcus Cup 5744:Venice Cup 5548:Savoy Club 5220:Rule of 11 5036:Trump coup 4752:Roman Club 4646:Zar Points 4626:Two suiter 4606:Stolen bid 4546:Minor suit 4541:Major suit 4372:Minibridge 3788:RealBridge 3708:4 November 2571:References 2522:Spoil Five 2507:Rex Bridge 2433:RealBridge 2420:GOTO Games 1954:8 3 1936:A 6 1893:9 6 1887:A 2 1848:Q 3 1822:J 3 1811:South in 4 1694:encourages 1633:(bids of 4 1613:(bids of 2 1577:(bids of 2 1451:Zar Points 1327: 763 1298:minor suit 1294:major suit 1089:mind sport 926:Redoubled 920:Undoubled 917:Redoubled 911:Undoubled 854:odd tricks 843:vulnerable 620:with cards 572:overtricks 380:solo whist 208:card games 7571:Tressette 7541:Botifarra 7483:Wallachen 7467:Sixty-six 7451:Schnapsen 7446:Schafkopf 7420:Ramscheln 7410:Quodlibet 7395:Mauscheln 7344:Grasobern 7226:Schnalzen 7220:Perlaggen 7086:Schwimmen 7071:Preferans 7016:Klaverjas 6996:Herzblatt 6991:Fünf dazu 6946:Bierlachs 6926:Bauerchen 6713:Stýrivolt 6594:Lanterloo 6556:Kachufool 6438:Bid whist 6417:All fours 6239:Magazines 6019:Reisinger 5502:Four Aces 5492:Blue Team 5305:Australia 5048:Squeezes: 4981:Bath coup 4837:Beer card 4810:Card play 4682:Blue Club 4297:Bridgette 3674:0362-4331 2755:USA Today 2734:31 August 2709:31 August 2658:Citations 2502:Quadrille 2487:Lanterloo 2472:Bridgette 2416:Funbridge 2361:Computers 2288:crossruff 2149:competing 2130:doubleton 2075:overcalls 1930: K 1807:Example 1 1545:, where 2 1498:Whether 1 1462:Blackwood 1255:The term 1002:Duplicate 564:defenders 409:In 1904, 309:, in his 255:defenders 192:card game 121:Clockwise 27:Card game 7645:Category 7551:Briscola 7473:Sticheln 7295:Bolachen 7268:Bierkopf 7246:32 cards 7188:Brusbart 7164:36 cards 7066:Polignac 7051:Oma Skat 7041:Mistigri 7036:Marjolet 7011:Klammern 6951:Brandeln 6903:32 cards 6884:Viersche 6874:Tarabish 6849:Rutersju 6776:36 cards 6676:Sheng ji 6666:Rödskägg 6645:Polskpas 6629:Pinochle 6604:Napoleon 6588:Knüffeln 6583:Köpknack 6541:Gong Zhu 6516:Cucumber 6373:52 cards 6049:Spingold 5420:Pakistan 5325:Bulgaria 4927:Uppercut 4907:Shooting 4717:Fantunes 4556:Overcall 4511:Game try 4245:Overview 4094:(2012). 4061:49606900 4021:Archived 4008:(2016). 3995:Archived 3982:(2014). 3908:29 March 3768:29 March 3578:BBC News 3557:Archived 3532:Archived 3437:Archived 2879:"Bridge" 2861:Archived 2804:(2006). 2786:29 March 2760:29 March 2674:(1980). 2539:See also 2429:reviews. 2300:discards 2164:declarer 2110:inviting 2101:game try 2084:supports 1678:Discards 1491:cue bids 1317: 7 1150:Strategy 1073:randomly 1023:movement 805:redouble 773:no trump 568:no trump 533:no trump 529:contract 455:Overview 450:Gameplay 303:Rabelais 243:contract 237:) in an 194:using a 7613:Chratze 7531:Aluette 7522:Spanish 7518:Italian 7462:Sedmice 7364:Lampeln 7349:Herzeln 7280:Blattla 7274:Binokel 7209:Kratzen 7151:Zwicken 7116:Solo 66 7056:Pilotta 7031:Manille 7021:Letzter 6966:Coinche 6961:Chouine 6941:Bezique 6889:Voormsi 6879:Trekort 6761:Zwikken 6725:Tarneeb 6619:Oh hell 6599:Mizerka 6521:Femkort 6494:Clabber 5676:General 5385:Ireland 5375:Hungary 5370:Germany 5360:Fiction 5355:England 5340:Denmark 5320:Britain 5310:Austria 5267:General 4957:Finesse 4872:Hold up 4857:Endplay 4820:General 4737:Moscito 4655:Systems 4561:Preempt 4491:Cue bid 4444:General 4434:Bidding 4412:Vugraph 4342:Goulash 4307:Chicago 4255:General 3487:29 June 3446:29 July 2951:31 July 2903:29 July 2266:cashing 2193:finesse 2185:If the 1959:♣ 1951:♦ 1943:♥ 1933:♠ 1918:♣ 1912:♣ 1904:♦ 1898:♦ 1890:♥ 1884:♥ 1876:♠ 1853:♠ 1845:♣ 1837:♦ 1829:♥ 1819:♠ 1793:Example 1685:Signals 1681:played. 1655:forcing 1482:Stayman 1422:called 1395:penalty 1362:⁄ 1258:preempt 1246:Stayman 1222:natural 1155:Bidding 881:⁄ 873:overall 831:Scoring 637:Auction 631:"board" 607:screens 576:doubled 525:auction 418:and a 7 364:biritch 338:biritch 333:Biritch 239:auction 212:seniors 187:, is a 141:⁄ 78:tactics 66:Players 7566:Julepe 7546:Brisca 7536:Bestia 7488:Watten 7435:Rumpel 7425:Ramsen 7415:Ramsch 7400:Mucken 7385:Mariáš 7374:Lupfen 7354:Herzla 7339:Gilten 7325:(2x24) 7323:Gaigel 7318:Elfern 7302:(2x24) 7276:(2x24) 7203:Jaggln 7182:Bieten 7136:Tuppen 7131:Toepen 7126:Tippen 7061:Piquet 7001:Kaiser 6986:Fipsen 6981:Euchre 6971:Écarté 6936:Belote 6916:Baloot 6730:Thunee 6703:Spades 6671:Shelem 6651:Priffe 6631:(2x24) 6546:Hearts 6505:Chlust 6479:Bridge 6474:Bourré 6469:Boston 6464:Bonken 6167:Books: 5445:Taiwan 5435:Sweden 5430:Russia 5425:Poland 5415:Norway 5405:Monaco 5400:Mexico 5390:Israel 5365:France 5330:Canada 5315:Brazil 5230:Signal 4969:Coups: 4950:Basic: 4897:Revoke 4387:Screen 4139: 4106: 4080: 4059: 4049: 3959:27 May 3933:27 May 3874:"Home" 3858:27 May 3833:27 May 3793:27 May 3672: 3613: 3412: 2820: 2682: 2676:Bridge 2589:table. 2517:Spades 2477:Euchre 2321:K and 2293:claims 2270:master 2262:covers 2250:enters 2078:with 1 1980:South 1926:Lead: 1629:) and 1055:Online 1040:Rubber 800:double 657:South 554:, and 513:spades 432:scores 405:, 1942 259:scored 249:, the 247:played 214:. 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