Bribery - Knowledge

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are taken in the country. However, in reality, bribery cannot be addressed only by the "law-enforcement agencies and the courts". Bribery needs to be addressed by informal social norms that set cultural values for the society. Also, the research suggests that the severity of punishment for bribery does very little to prevent people from accepting bribes in Russia. Moreover, the research also revealed that a large number of Russians, approximately 70% to 77% have never given a bribe. Nevertheless, if a need arises to pay a bribe for a problem, the research found that an overwhelming majority of Russians knew both what the sum of the bribe should be and how to deliver the bribe. The Russian bribe problem reflects that unless there is an active change in all parts of society among both young and old, bribery will remain a major problem in Russian society, even when government officials label it as "marginal social phenomenon".

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increases because incentives are gained through bribery. Second, the home country's import decreases, because domestic firms lose interest in foreign markets, and minimize their import from other countries. Also, in another study, it was found that firms are willing to risk paying higher bribes if the returns are high, even if it involves "risk and consequences of detection and punishment". Additionally, other findings show that, in comparison to public firms, private firms pay most bribes abroad.

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private sectors. There should be "clear code of conducts and strong internal control systems" which would improve the overall public and private system. Furthermore, the research suggests that private and public sectors at home and abroad must work together to limit corruption in home firms and foreign firms. There will be greater transparency and less chances of bribery. Alongside, cross border monitoring should be enhanced to minimize bribery on international level.

3563: 7521: 3542: 3248: 2386: 1924: 1124:(a tip, gift, or gratuity) or "shay" (literally, "tea"). French-speaking countries often use the expressions "dessous-de-table" ("under-the-table" commissions), "pot-de-vin" (literally, "wine-pot"), or "commission occulte" ("secret commission" or "kickback"). While the last two expressions contain inherently a negative connotation, the expression "dessous-de-table" can be often understood as a commonly accepted business practice. In German, the common term is 3920: 3164: 2849: 2786: 2218: 1903: 2954: 2933: 3626: 3059: 2659: 2575: 1945: 3668: 3584: 3353: 3143: 2996: 2617: 2344: 2323: 2113: 3794: 3647: 3437: 3017: 2428: 2197: 2134: 2449: 3836: 3206: 3101: 2744: 2638: 2554: 2365: 2239: 2071: 1966: 1861: 1819: 4137: 3899: 3479: 3227: 3185: 2891: 2491: 2407: 2302: 1882: 1798: 1777: 3815: 3605: 3122: 2870: 2765: 2702: 2596: 2260: 2008: 3332: 3080: 2828: 2533: 2050: 3773: 3458: 3038: 2975: 2807: 2155: 2029: 2512: 3311: 3374: 2680: 3731: 3416: 3500: 2470: 2723: 3689: 1178:

of bribery offences easier since it can be very difficult to prove that two parties (the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker) have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal. Besides, there is often no such formal deal but only a mutual understanding, for instance when it is common knowledge in a municipality that to obtain a building permit one has to pay a "fee" to the decision maker to obtain a favourable decision.

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stalling other normal activities of a firm. The disruption may cause losses to the firm that exceed the amount of money to pay off the official. Bribing the officials is a common way to deal with this issue in countries where there exists no firm system of reporting these semi-illegal activities. A third party, known as a "white glove", may be involved to act as a clean middleman.

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appearance of greediness in the personality of the particular bribe-taker. Largely, it is possible to confine oneself to the motive of greediness only in case if a bribe-taker tries to satisfy the primary (physical) needs. Yet, if money serves to satisfy secondary – psychological – needs, we should search for deeper motives of bribe taking.

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to tackle bribery due to the existence of different societies in different countries. If severe punishment works in one country, it doesn't necessarily mean that severe punishment would work in another country to prevent bribery. Also, the research found that bribery plays a significant role in public and private firms around the world.

1235:. Since that time, the majority of the OECD countries which are signatories of the convention have revised their tax policies according to this recommendation and some have extended the measures to bribes paid to any official, sending the message that bribery will no longer be tolerated in the operations of the government. 1150:, a profit made by an agent, in the course of his employment, without the knowledge of his principal. Euphemisms abound for this (commission, sweetener, kick-back etc.) Bribers and recipients of bribery are likewise numerous although bribers have one common denominator and that is the financial ability to bribe. 1524:

condemns the same kind of offering, giving, or coercing a witness in a legal case to changing their story. Under the U.S Code § 1503, influencing or injuring officer or juror generally, it clearly states that any offense under the section means you can be imprisoned for the maximum of 10 years and/or fined.

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There is no federal statute under the U.S Law that prohibits or regulates any type of private or commercial bribery. There is a way for prosecutors to try people for bribery by using existing laws. Section 1346 of Title 18 can be used by prosecutors, to try people for 'a scheme or artifice to deprive

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contains an exception for "grease payments"; very basically, this allows payments to officials in order to obtain the performance of ministerial acts which they are legally required to do, but may delay in the absence of such payment. In some countries, this practice is the norm, often resulting from

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Society often goes through changes that bring long-lasting positive or negative complications. Similar has been the case with bribery, which brought negative changes to societal norms as well as to trade. The researchers found that when bribery becomes part of social norms, one approach is not enough

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There are also cases of successful prosecution of bribery in the case of international business. The DOJ has used the Travel Act, 18 USC Section 1952 to prosecute bribery. Under the Travel Act, it is against the law, domestically and internationally, to utilize'the mail or any facility in interstate

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and Yan Leung Cheung and Aris Stouraitis of the Hong Kong Baptist University examines 166 high-profile cases of bribery since 1971, covering payments made in 52 countries by firms listed on 20 different stockmarkets. Bribery offered an average return of 10 to 11 times the value of the bung paid out

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The reason for this dissociation is to make the early steps (offering, promising, requesting an advantage) of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus, to give a clear signal (from a criminal policy point of view) that bribery is not acceptable. Besides, such a dissociation makes the prosecution

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The research conducted in Russia reflects that "bribery is a marginal social phenomenon" in the view of professional jurists and state employees. The Russian law recognizes bribery as an official crime. Consequently, legal platforms such as public courts are the only place where anti-bribery steps

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norm (section 6.6.3) or TI Business Principles for Countering Bribery are used in external verification processes to measure and ensure that a program of bribery prevention works and is consistent with international standards. Another reason for businesses to undergo external verification of their

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Programs of prevention need to be properly designed and meet with international standards of best practice. To ensure respect for a program, whether it be on the part of employees or business partners, external verification is necessary. International best practices such as the Council for Further

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The research suggests that government should introduce training programs for public officials to help public officials from falling into the trap of bribery. Also, anti-bribery programs should be integrated into education programs. In addition, government should promote good culture in public and

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and is not bribery. For example, it is legal for an employee of a Public Utilities Commission involved in electric rate regulation to accept a rebate on electric service that reduces their cost of electricity, when the rebate is available to other residential electric customers. However, giving a

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According to researchers, bribery has a major impact on a country's trade system. The key findings suggest two possible outcomes when bribery becomes part of country's export system. First, when firms and government officials are involved in bribery in the home country, the home country's export

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When examining the fact of bribe taking, we primarily need to understand that any action is affected by various elements; in addition, all these elements are interrelated. For instance, it would be wrong to indicate that the bribe-taker's motive is greediness as such, without examining causes of

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The research conducted in Papua New Guinea reflects cultural norms as the key reason for corruption. Bribery is a pervasive way of carrying out public services in PNG. Papuans don't consider bribery as an illegal act, they considered bribery as a way of earning "quick money and sustain living".

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In some cases where the system of law is not well-implemented, bribes may be a way for companies to continue their businesses. In the case, for example, custom officials may harass a certain firm or production plant, officially stating they are checking for irregularities, halting production or

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in 2012 found that 15 percent of top financial executives are willing to pay bribes in order to keep or win business. Another 4 percent said they would be willing to misstate financial performance. This alarming indifference represents a huge risk to their business, given their responsibility.

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The tax status of bribes is an issue for governments since the bribery of government officials impedes the democratic process and may interfere with good government. In some countries, such bribes are considered tax-deductible payments. However, in 1996, in an effort to discourage bribery, the

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Under 18 U.S. Code § 201 – Bribery of public officials and witnesses, the law strictly prohibits any type of promising, giving, or offering of value to a public official. A public official is further defined as anyone who holds public or elected office. Another stipulation of the law in place

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The offence may be divided into two great classes: the one, where a person invested with power is induced by payment to use it unjustly; the other, where power is obtained by purchasing the suffrages of those who can impart it. Likewise, the briber might hold a powerful role and control the

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Moreover, the key findings reflect that when corruption becomes a cultural norm, illegal acts such as bribery are not viewed as bad, and the clear boundaries that once distinguished between legal and illegal acts, and decisions are minimized on opinion, rather than on a code of conduct.

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bribery prevention programs is that it means evidence can be provided to assert that all that was possible was done to prevent corruption. Companies are unable to guarantee corruption has never occurred; what they can do is provide evidence that they did their best to prevent it.

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As any monetary benefit received from an illegal activity such as bribery is generally considered part of one's taxable income, however, as it is criminal, some governments may refuse to accept it as income as it may mean they are a party to the activity.

1370:" in which politicians are offered highly-paid, often consultancy jobs upon their retirement from politics by the corporations they regulate while in office, in return for enacting legislation favourable to the corporation while they are in office, a 1279:

Dentists often receive samples of home dental care products such as toothpaste, which are of negligible value; somewhat ironically, dentists in a television commercial will often state that they get these samples but pay to use the sponsor's product.

1160:, efforts have been made in recent years by the international community to encourage countries to dissociate and incriminate as separate offences, active and passive bribery. From a legal point of view, active bribery can be defined for instance as 1374:. Convictions for this form of bribery are easier to obtain with hard evidence, a specific amount of money linked to a specific action by the recipient of the bribe. Such evidence is frequently obtained using undercover agents, since evidence of a 1271:

has published ethical guidelines for gifts from industry which include the tenet that physicians should not accept gifts if they are given in relation to the physician's prescribing practices. Doubtful cases include grants for traveling to medical

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veteran and former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 50th Congressional District resigned after pleading guilty to accepting at least $ 2.4 million in bribes and under-reporting his income for

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another of the intangible right to honest services,' under the mail and wire fraud statutes. Prosecutors have always successfully prosecuted private company employees for breaching a fiduciary duty and taking bribes, under Honest services fraud.

1351:. However, in many European countries, a politician accepting money from a corporation whose activities fall under the sector they currently (or are campaigning to be elected to) regulate would be considered a criminal offence, for instance the " 1171:

the request or receipt , directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage, for himself or herself or for anyone else, or the acceptance of an offer or a promise of such an advantage, to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her

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Following are the rates of reported bribery per 100,000 persons in last available year according to the United Nations. Comparisons between countries are difficult due to large differences in the fraction of unreported bribes.

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A grey area may exist when payments to smooth transactions are made. United States law is particularly strict in limiting the ability of businesses to pay for the awarding of contracts by foreign governments; however, the

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and scoring judges may be offered money, gifts, or other compensation to guarantee a specific outcome in an athletic or other sports competition. A well-known example of this manner of bribery in the sport would be the

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the promising, offering or giving by any person, directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage , for himself or herself or for anyone else, for him or her to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her

1520:. The International Organization for Standardization introduced an international anti-bribery management system standard in 2016. In recent years, cooperation in enforcement action between countries has increased. 978:

Gifts of money or other items of value that are otherwise available to everyone on an equivalent basis, and not for dishonest purposes, are not bribery. Offering a discount or a refund to all purchasers is a legal

1740:, but stopped in 2011. Spokesperson Shubham Kaushik said the organisation "decided to discontinue the survey due to funding issues and to focus on issues that are more in line with our advocacy goals". 1218:

Recent evidence suggests that the act of bribery can have political consequences- with citizens being asked for bribes becoming less likely to identify with their country, region and/or tribal unit.

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of any item of value to influence the actions of an official, or other person, in charge of a public or legal duty and to incline the individual to act contrary to their duty and the known rules of

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Krivins, A. (2018). "The motivational peculiarities of bribe-takers". SHS Web Conf. Volume 40, 2018 - 6th International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference SOCIETY. HEALTH. WELFARE

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One must be careful of differing social and cultural norms when examining bribery. Expectations of when a monetary transaction is appropriate can differ from place to place. Political

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to win a contract, measured by the jump in stockmarket value when the contract was won. America's Department of Justice found similarly high returns in cases it has prosecuted.

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or foreign commerce' with intent to 'promote, manage, establish, carry on, or facilitate the promotion, management, establishment or carrying on, of any unlawful activity'.

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a developing nation not having the tax structure to pay civil servants an adequate salary. Nevertheless, most economists regard bribery as a bad thing because it encourages

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in the form of cash, for example, are considered criminal acts of bribery in some countries, while in the United States, provided they adhere to election law, are legal.

1677:, Republican, former congressman from Arizona's 1st district, found guilty of 17 counts including wire fraud, conspiracy, extortion, racketeering, and money laundering. 1488:, where the French judge in the pairs competition voted for the Russian skaters in order to secure an advantage for the French skaters in the ice dancing competition. 1014:

has a target to substantially reduce corruption and bribery of all forms as part of an international effort aimed at ensuring peace, justice, and strong institutions.

1645:, clothing retailer, was found guilty of making illegal payments and giving gifts to foreign officials in an attempt to circumvent customs inspections and paperwork. 7329: 1568:, was arrested 6 October 2015 and charged, along with five others, in a criminal complaint involving receiving bribes from Macau casino and real estate developer 7268: 931: 1291:

it may be customary to offer expensive gifts to doctors and nurses for the delivery of service at any level of medical care in the non-private health sector.

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discount specifically to that employee to influence them to look favorably on the electric utility's rate increase applications would be considered bribery.

975:. With regard to governmental operations, essentially, bribery is "Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action." 1711:

house was on the trial for his part in the biggest bribery scandal in Ohio history on 24 January 2023. Prosecutors accused him of taking $ 60m in bribes as

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Contracts based on or involving the payment or transfer of bribes ("corruption money", "secret commissions", "pots-de-vin", "kickbacks") are void.

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may use bribery to solicit the standard expected level of medical care. For example, in many formerly Communist countries from what used to be the

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recommended that member countries cease to allow the tax-deductibility of bribes to foreign officials. This was followed by the signing of the

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Breslin, Brigid; Doron Ezickson; John Kocoras (2010). "The Bribery Act 2010: raising the bar above the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act".

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over others of comparable effectiveness. If the medicine is prescribed heavily, they may seek to reward the individual through gifts. The

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not to issue a ticket for speeding, a citizen seeking paperwork or utility line connections might bribe a functionary for faster service.

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Recent evidence suggests that demands for bribes can adversely impact citizen level of trust and engagement with the political process.

7224: 7120: 1665:, Republican, former congressman from Ohio's 8th district, charged with delinquency of a minor and convicted of bribery and conspiracy. 924: 5241: 4152: 5884: 5276: 4884: 1120:

In some Spanish-speaking countries, bribes are referred to as "mordida" (literally, "bite"). In Arab countries, bribes may be called

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Additionally, bribes may be offered by cities in order to secure athletic franchises, or even competitions, as happened with the

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transaction; or in other cases, a bribe may be effectively extracted from the person paying it, although this is better known as

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Employees, managers, or salespeople of a business may offer money or gifts to a potential client in exchange for business.

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A bribe is an illegal or unethical gift or lobbying effort bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be money,

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In countries offering state-subsidized or nationally funded healthcare where medical professionals are underpaid,

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Lewis, Mauree. (2000). Who is paying for healthcare in Eastern Europe and Central Asia? World Bank Publications.

4537: 4512: 4415:"Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports?: Does Bribery Promote or Dampen Firm Exports?" 7397: 7166: 7160: 6632: 6221: 6022: 5522: 1635:, Democrat, former congressman from South Carolina's 6th district, convicted of accepting a bribe in the FBI's 1620: 901: 682: 4598: 8264: 7274: 7172: 7132: 5953: 5879: 5401: 4002: 1599: 1565: 1513: 1340: 1203: 677: 672: 491: 8106: 7427: 7334: 7324: 7218: 7108: 6663: 5958: 5558: 5377:"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Corruption & Economic Crime, Category "Corruption: Bribery"" 1429: 1268: 1232: 8229: 8214: 6125: 5917: 5706: 5671: 5613: 5526: 4787: 4725: 4091: 235: 7796: 7537: 7029: 6087: 5753: 5688: 5677: 5301: 4096: 1733: 1662: 1432:

with a commitment to anti-corruption to trade more ethically and benefit from compliance with the law.

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Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, Annex 2; the

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investigations. At one point roughly half of members of parliament were under investigation.

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Giving money illegally or unethically to influence a person's behavior is a form of bribery.

8101: 8018: 8003: 7897: 6722: 6647: 6191: 6161: 5735: 5730: 5714: 5424: 5101:"TI Business Principles for Countering Bribery. Available Online. Accessed on May 23, 2012" 4906:"The perpetuation of bribery–prone relationships: A study from Vietnamese public officials" 4803: 4081: 3987: 3862: 1698: 1668: 1453: 1383: 1371: 1273: 1157: 1031: 960: 956: 840: 768: 763: 732: 712: 707: 692: 687: 647: 642: 617: 607: 526: 446: 441: 431: 396: 381: 376: 330: 325: 255: 180: 33: 4880: 1026: 8: 8191: 7567: 7455: 6829: 6590: 6551: 6216: 5974: 5933: 5826: 5582: 5518: 5513: 5277:"Prosecutors accuse Ohio Republicans of taking $ 60m in bribes as corruption trial opens" 4736: 1845: 1687:, which brought down the whole system of political parties, when it was uncovered by the 1328: 992: 845: 804: 727: 637: 546: 511: 476: 436: 411: 391: 310: 275: 240: 230: 210: 5376: 1448:

Bribery would be less of a problem if it wasn't also a solid investment. A new paper by

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Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action

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Corruption trials expose roles of the "white gloves" who manage the ill-gotten gains

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For example, in 2006, German prosecutors conducted a wide-ranging investigation of

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In 2007, bribery was thought to be worth around one trillion dollars worldwide.

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The forms that bribery take are numerous. For example, a motorist might bribe a

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Specialist consultancies have been set up to help multinational companies and

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Many types of payments or favors may be fairly or unfairly labeled as bribes:

8243: 7893: 7791: 7597: 7547: 6929: 6872: 6515: 6201: 5656: 5458: 5255: 4990: 4930: 4538:"The Tribes that Bind: Attitudes to the Tribe and Tribal Leader in the Sudan" 4381: 4356: 4313: 4148: 4143: 4076: 4041: 3883: 2917: 1648: 1632: 1616: 1583: 1440: 1095: 107: 67: 6333: 8201: 8136: 7741: 7632: 7617: 6970: 6922: 6917: 6877: 6777: 6747: 6698: 6561: 6454: 6408: 6383: 6288: 6274: 6097: 4086: 4051: 3946: 3568: 1680: 1642: 1475: 1375: 1288: 1208: 1004: 964: 8224: 5083:"18 U.S. Code § 1503 - Influencing or injuring officer or juror generally" 4203: 7905: 7901: 7811: 7562: 7476: 6934: 6892: 6887: 6852: 6819: 6702: 6495: 5552: 5135:"United States – the Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Review – Edition 6" 4829: 4685:

Ecomomist.com (from Print Edition). 02 Mar. 2013. Retrieved 02 Dec. 2014.

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to determine if Siemens employees paid bribes in exchange for business.

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Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia

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Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence

8166: 8146: 8131: 8066: 7972: 7967: 7936: 7926: 7888: 7826: 7806: 7746: 7723: 6824: 6752: 6712: 6693: 6423: 6284: 6231: 6062: 6057: 6027: 4922: 4654: 4431: 4305: 4021: 3631: 3064: 2938: 2664: 2580: 1534: 1260: 1133: 1121: 1034:'s freezer in the August 2005 raid was shown to jurors on 8 July 2009 972: 7520: 5183:"John Ashe, Ex-Diplomat Accused in U.N. Corruption Case, Dies at 61" 4638:"Who bribes? Evidence from the United Nations' oil-for-food program" 1174:(article 3 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173)). 8086: 8056: 7977: 7921: 7873: 7848: 7830: 7766: 7731: 7704: 7686: 7681: 7664: 7627: 7607: 6897: 6867: 6637: 6449: 6439: 6403: 6264: 6226: 6130: 6032: 5492: 4046: 4036: 3799: 3673: 3652: 3589: 3442: 3358: 3148: 3022: 3001: 2622: 2433: 2349: 2328: 2202: 2139: 2118: 1950: 1336: 1079: 1039: 117: 87: 52: 4784: 4142:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

8186: 8028: 7994: 7962: 7931: 7878: 7853: 7801: 7781: 7776: 7756: 7691: 7676: 7587: 7552: 7412: 6809: 6464: 6378: 6151: 6120: 6012: 5968: 5808: 5758: 5592: 4976: 4903:

Nguyen, Thang V.; Doan, Minh H.; Tran, Nhung H. (December 2021).

3967: 3904: 3841: 3484: 3232: 3211: 3190: 3106: 2896: 2749: 2643: 2559: 2517: 2454: 2412: 2370: 2307: 2244: 2076: 1992: 1971: 1887: 1866: 1824: 1803: 1782: 1652: 1595: 1591: 1480: 1284: 1075: 968: 5069:"18 U.S. Code § 201 - Bribery of public officials and witnesses" 8091: 7916: 7786: 7647: 7481: 7137: 5864: 4071: 3820: 3736: 3610: 3505: 3421: 3337: 3127: 3085: 2875: 2833: 2770: 2707: 2601: 2538: 2475: 2265: 2055: 2013: 1636: 1402: 1332: 1211:

behaviour. A state where bribery has become a way of life is a

1140: 1063: 102: 1078:, inflated sale of an object or property, lucrative contract, 7816: 7761: 7713: 7444: 7097: 6757: 6582: 6566: 6017: 5992: 5242:"Former South Korean President Lee Indicted on Graft Charges" 3778: 3694: 3463: 3043: 2980: 2812: 2728: 2181: 2160: 2034: 1684: 5201:"House speaker says Cunningham faces 'serious consequences'" 8141: 7868: 6742: 6269: 5938: 5854: 3379: 3316: 2685: 1708: 1655:

in exchange for a presidential pardon for Samsung Chairman

1228: 1043: 7133:

Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania

1671:, former U.S. federal judge convicted of accepting bribes. 1299: 4580:"OECD Anti-corruption and integrity in the public sector" 4285:

Tiki, Samson; Luke, Belinda; Mack, Janet (October 2021).

1066:

fee/ticket, free food, free ad, free trip, free tickets,

1047: 7330:

International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities

4774:, published 9 September 2013, accessed 17 September 2023 4446:"BBC NEWS – Business – African corruption 'on the wane'" 5223:"Ralph Lauren Corp. Agrees to Pay Fine in Bribery Case" 5129: 5127: 1701:

pleaded guilty to eight counts of attempted extortion.

7127:

Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program

7086:

Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

4750:"OECD work on Money in Politics & Policy Capture" 7516: 7068:

Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory

7269:

Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011

6187:

Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty

5774:

Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty

5124: 1378:relation can often be difficult to prove. See also 1366:

A grey area in these democracies is the so-called "

4904: 4636: 4413: 4355: 6182:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension 5769:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension 4635:Jeong, Yujin; Weiner, Robert J. (December 2012). 4412:Lee, Seung-Hyun; Weng, David H. (December 2013). 1719: 1715:to pass a million-dollar bailout for Firstenergy 1461:In addition, a survey conducted by auditing firm 8241: 5039:. Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. January 2017. 4480:"The motivational peculiarities of bribe-takers" 1486:2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal 4676:"Let the Sunshine in." The Economist Newspaper. 4599:"Income from scams and bribes are also taxable" 7237:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption 7104:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption 7035:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations 4902: 4596: 4535: 4510: 7428: 6598: 6363: 6349: 5409: 925: 7340:United Nations Convention against Corruption 7320:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption 4284: 4161:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1347:, though it is sometimes referred to as the 1304:United Nations Convention against Corruption 156:United Nations Convention against Corruption 7378:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity 7213:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission 7057:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission 4634: 4518:. Bath Economic Research Papers, No 21/14. 4513:"Bribery and Identity: Evidence from Sudan" 4180:, Black's Law Dictionary, 4 November 2011, 7435: 7421: 7225:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine 7121:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau 6605: 6591: 6356: 6342: 5416: 5402: 932: 918: 4495: 4201: 4022:ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems 1594:found guilty of accepting bribes to bowl 7155:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission 5736:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm 5423: 5302:"Bribe Payers Index 2011 – Publications" 5180: 5063: 5061: 4147: 1576:Pakistan cricket spot-fixing controversy 1396: 1308: 1298: 1189: 1025: 943: 7197:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission 7062:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh) 5328:"World's Most Bribery-Prone Businesses" 4857: 4855: 4543:. Bath Economic Research Papers 31/14. 4477: 4411: 4353: 14: 8242: 7285:Freedom of information laws by country 7202:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau 5929:Preventing the lawful burial of a body 5741:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm 4719: 7416: 7149:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar 7091:Commission Against Corruption (Macau) 7020:International Anti-Corruption Academy 6586: 6337: 5897:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred 5397: 5274: 5239: 5058: 4911:Public Administration and Development 4898: 4896: 4894: 4836:. No. 2 June 2012. 2 June 2012. 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4609:from the original on 14 February 2018 4294:Public Administration and Development 1169:). Passive bribery can be defined as 1156:As indicated on the pages devoted to 146:International Anti-Corruption Academy 7368:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement 7363:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement 7144:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission 7074:National Anti-Corruption Observatory 5804:Offences Against the Person Act 1861 5369: 5325: 4852: 4796: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4184:from the original on October 1, 2015 1566:Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1549: 1146:Bribery may also take the form of a 7290:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 7185:National Anticorruption Directorate 7179:Anti-Corruption General Directorate 4706:from the original on 16 April 2018. 1469: 1030:Photo of cash found in Congressman 136:International Anti-Corruption Court 24: 7442: 7015:Group of States Against Corruption 5181:Sengupta, Somini (June 23, 2016). 4891: 4621: 4259:United Nations and the Rule of Law 4121:Bung is British slang for a bribe. 4008:Group of States Against Corruption 1732:For comparison amongst countries, 1329:payoffs from powerful corporations 141:Group of States Against Corruption 25: 8281: 7191:Investigative Committee of Russia 5087:LII / Legal Information Institute 4597:PinoyMoneyTalk (8 January 2007). 4536:Hamilton, A.; Hudson, J. (2014). 4511:Hamilton, A.; Hudson, J. (2014). 4396: 4328: 4271: 4255:"Sustainable Development Goal 16" 4214:from the original on 8 March 2018 4208:LII / Legal Information Institute 151:International Anti-Corruption Day 8034:Perverting the course of justice 7519: 7510: 7458:. Not all types are listed here. 7383:Russian anti-corruption campaign 7373:Anti-austerity movement in Spain 7280:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act 6197:Encouraging or assisting a crime 6157:Perverting the course of justice 5578:Encouraging or assisting a crime 5275:Ariza, Mario (24 January 2023). 4985:(11). Sweet & Maxwell: 362. 4887:from the original on 2018-03-08. 4869:from the original on 2015-09-05. 4840:from the original on 2 June 2012 4756:from the original on 2018-03-14. 4726:Bribes for basic care in Romania 4586:from the original on 2018-03-05. 4568:from the original on 2015-09-05. 4550:from the original on 2015-02-06. 4525:from the original on 2014-05-02. 4456:from the original on 2009-04-22. 4354:Rimskii, Vladimir (2013-07-01). 4252: 4135: 3939: 3918: 3897: 3876: 3855: 3834: 3813: 3792: 3771: 3750: 3729: 3708: 3687: 3666: 3645: 3624: 3603: 3582: 3561: 3540: 3519: 3498: 3477: 3456: 3435: 3414: 3393: 3372: 3351: 3330: 3309: 3288: 3267: 3246: 3225: 3204: 3183: 3162: 3141: 3120: 3099: 3078: 3057: 3036: 3015: 2994: 2973: 2952: 2931: 2910: 2889: 2868: 2847: 2826: 2805: 2784: 2763: 2742: 2721: 2700: 2678: 2657: 2636: 2615: 2594: 2573: 2552: 2531: 2510: 2489: 2468: 2447: 2426: 2405: 2384: 2363: 2342: 2321: 2300: 2279: 2258: 2237: 2216: 2195: 2174: 2153: 2132: 2111: 2090: 2069: 2048: 2027: 2006: 1985: 1964: 1943: 1922: 1901: 1880: 1859: 1838: 1817: 1796: 1775: 1401:A campaign to prevent bribes in 1341:not illegal in the United States 1221: 206:Democratic Republic of the Congo 7772:Intellectual property violation 7219:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera 7080:National Supervisory Commission 6321:History of English criminal law 6212:Obstruction of a police officer 5875:Fear or provocation of violence 5344: 5319: 5294: 5268: 5233: 5215: 5193: 5174: 5156: 5093: 5075: 5046:from the original on 2017-09-05 5026: 5015:from the original on 2018-05-08 4997: 4970: 4959:from the original on 2018-03-09 4945: 4873: 4822: 4783:International principle of law 4777: 4760: 4742: 4710: 4688: 4669: 4590: 4572: 4554: 4529: 4504: 4471: 4115: 1012:Sustainable Development Goal 16 7167:Investigation Task Force Sweep 7161:National Accountability Bureau 6633:Corruption in local government 6621:Corruption in different fields 6612: 6222:Refusing to assist a constable 6038:Taking without owner's consent 4863:"OECD Anti-Bribery Convention" 4696:"About the House of Delegates" 4562:"OECD Anti Bribery Convention" 4460: 4438: 4246: 4232:See generally T. Markus Funk, 4226: 4195: 4168: 1720:Bribery in different countries 1621:New York Supreme Court Justice 1507: 1276:that double as tourist trips. 13: 1: 7275:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 7173:Central Anticorruption Bureau 6242:Fabrication of false evidence 5954:Misconduct in a public office 5880:Harassment, alarm or distress 5454:Regulatory (lowered mens rea) 4128: 4003:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1743: 1527: 1514:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1498: 1204:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1194:Article II, Section 4 of the 1185: 1094:/backing, higher paying job, 7335:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention 7325:International asset recovery 7109:Central Vigilance Commission 6664:Corruption Perceptions Index 5959:Misfeasance in public office 5559:Ignorantia juris non excusat 5240:Jeong, Andrew (2018-04-09). 4643:Strategic Management Journal 4420:Strategic Management Journal 4108: 1430:small and medium enterprises 1269:American Medical Association 7: 7393:2017–2019 Romanian protests 6530:Related manipulation topics 6126:Cheating the public revenue 5918:Effecting a public mischief 5764:Assault with intent to rape 4497:10.1051/shsconf/20184001006 4202:LII Staff (6 August 2007). 3960: 1699:Massachusetts state senator 1392: 1294: 1263:to favor prescribing their 1257:Pharmaceutical corporations 1251: 10: 8286: 7797:Possessing stolen property 7398:2017–2018 Russian protests 7030:Transparency International 7005:Global Financial Integrity 6202:Escape from lawful custody 6088:Fraud by abuse of position 5754:Assault with intent to rob 5678:Category:Criminal defences 4374:10.2753/RUP1061-1940510401 4097:Transparency International 3716:St. Vincent and Grenadines 1747: 1734:Transparency International 1473: 1407: 1343:and forms a major part of 1196:United States Constitution 8211: 8176: 8076: 8043: 7992: 7946: 7840: 7702: 7536: 7508: 7464: 7451: 7358:2011 Azerbaijani protests 7348: 7308: 7259: 7250: 7043: 6997: 6988: 6943: 6845: 6835:Offshore financial centre 6686: 6677: 6656: 6638:Interest group corruption 6620: 6529: 6483: 6432: 6371: 6365:Manipulation (psychology) 6318:For obsolete aspects see 6307: 6255: 6139: 6111: 6053:Misappropriation of funds 5985:Offences against property 5983: 5845: 5817: 5687: 5667:Diminished responsibility 5606: 5568: 5540: 5472: 5431: 5009:knowledge.freshfields.com 4830:"You get who you pay for" 1353:Cash-for-questions affair 1106:(rise of position/rank). 8260:Organized crime activity 7896:(such as prohibition of 7300:Whistleblower protection 6788:Cryptocurrency and crime 6140:Offences against justice 5913:Outraging public decency 5837:Sexual Offences Act 2003 5638:inc. participation in a 5548:Lesser included offences 5504:Intention in English law 5499:Intention (criminal law) 4772:South China Morning Post 4362:Russian Politics and Law 4057:Money trail – Money loop 3884:United States of America 1707:, Former speaker of the 1512:The U.S. introduced the 1242: 1021: 6669:Economics of corruption 6445:Character assassination 5247:The Wall Street Journal 4239:March 16, 2014, at the 4158:Encyclopædia Britannica 4092:Principal–agent problem 1764:Reported annual bribes 1233:Anti-Bribery Convention 58:Economics of corruption 8270:White-collar criminals 8014:Miscarriage of justice 7295:UK Bribery Act of 2010 7051:Oficina Anticorrupción 6800:Noble cause corruption 6657:Measures of corruption 6257:Other common law areas 6207:Obstruction of justice 5949:Accessory (legal term) 5711:Corporate manslaughter 4484:SHS Web of Conferences 3993:Consciousness of guilt 3983:Charbonneau Commission 2098:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1459: 1405: 1335:, also referred to as 1325:campaign contributions 1317: 1306: 1198: 1111:campaign contributions 1035: 949: 578:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8009:Malfeasance in office 7454:Note: Crimes vary by 7025:Mo Ibrahim Foundation 6805:Professional courtesy 6768:Honest services fraud 6547:Internet manipulation 6433:Negative manipulation 6372:Positive manipulation 6172:Misprision of treason 6093:Conspiracy to defraud 6048:Handling stolen goods 5892:Public Order Act 1986 5847:Public order offences 5170:. September 19, 1996. 3998:Corruption by country 3527:Saint Kitts and Nevis 1748:Further information: 1446: 1400: 1312: 1302: 1193: 1128:("smoothing money"). 1084:campaign contribution 1029: 947: 164:Corruption by country 113:State-corporate crime 93:Pyrrhic defeat theory 8265:Political corruption 8102:Cybersex trafficking 7864:Censorship violation 6989:Institutions dealing 6723:Conflict of interest 6648:Political corruption 6192:Harboring a fugitive 6162:Witness intimidation 6112:Forgery, personation 5731:Concealment of birth 5425:English criminal law 4808:Cambridge Dictionary 4478:Krivins, A. (2018). 4082:Political corruption 3988:Conflict of interest 3863:United Arab Emirates 1736:used to publish the 1669:Martin Thomas Manton 1493:2002 Winter Olympics 1454:Cambridge University 1384:political corruption 1372:conflict of interest 1158:political corruption 1032:William J. Jefferson 1010:The United Nations 34:Political corruption 7894:Illegal consumption 7568:Criminal negligence 6830:Offshore investment 6552:Market manipulation 6247:Rescuing a prisoner 6217:Wasting police time 5975:Dereliction of duty 5934:Breach of the peace 5652:Prevention of crime 5514:Criminal negligence 5326:Pentland, William. 4737:The Guardian Weekly 4102:UK Bribery Act 2010 1846:Antigua and Barbuda 1697:, Democrat, former 1663:Donald "Buz" Lukens 1259:may seek to entice 8097:Child sexual abuse 8062:Wildlife smuggling 8052:Cruelty to animals 7841:Against the public 7672:Negligent homicide 7583:False imprisonment 7538:Against the person 7231:Warioba Commission 7169:(Papua New Guinea) 6913:Regulatory capture 6718:Commercial bribery 6557:Media manipulation 6537:Crowd manipulation 6511:Influence-for-hire 6484:Other manipulation 6414:Predatory marriage 6313:English law portal 6299:Criminal procedure 5964:Abuse of authority 5794:False imprisonment 5645:Medical procedures 5473:Elements of crimes 5227:The New York Times 5187:The New York Times 5168:The New York Times 4790:2011-01-21 at the 4739:(March 26th 2008). 4731:2007-11-18 at the 4681:2017-10-22 at the 4603:pinoymoneytalk.com 4032:Kickback (bribery) 4017:Influence peddling 3978:Bribe Payers Index 1738:Bribe Payers Index 1610:United States Navy 1410:Commercial bribery 1406: 1380:influence peddling 1318: 1307: 1199: 1036: 950: 73:Influence peddling 40:Forms and concepts 8237: 8236: 8220:Wikimedia Commons 8178:Inchoate offenses 8122:Indecent exposure 7613:Human trafficking 7578:Domestic violence 7410: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7246: 7245: 6984: 6983: 6961:Election security 6908:Political scandal 6643:Police corruption 6580: 6579: 6521:Spin (propaganda) 6501:Good cop, bad cop 6331: 6330: 6237:Contempt of court 6167:Witness tampering 5885:intent aggravates 5870:Unlawful assembly 5726:Child destruction 5570:Inchoate offences 5432:Classes of crimes 5308:. 2 November 2011 5229:. April 22, 2013. 4810:. 7 February 2024 4702:. 15 April 2018. 4649:(12): 1363–1383. 4426:(12): 1472–1487. 4012:Council of Europe 3958: 3957: 1705:Larry Householder 1627:Andrew J. Hinshaw 1602:at certain times. 1562:John William Ashe 1550:Notable instances 1463:Ernst & Young 1316:in Washington, DC 1167:Council of Europe 1148:secret commission 1100:secret commission 942: 941: 909: 908: 216:Equatorial Guinea 16:(Redirected from 8277: 7884:Ethnic cleansing 7822:Trespass to land 7719:Arms trafficking 7529: 7524: 7523: 7514: 7437: 7430: 7423: 7414: 7413: 7257: 7256: 6995: 6994: 6976:Vote suppression 6863:Crony capitalism 6793:Hawala and crime 6783:Money laundering 6763:Graft (politics) 6743:Confidence trick 6684: 6683: 6678:Forms or aspects 6607: 6600: 6593: 6584: 6583: 6542:Confidence trick 6475:Social rejection 6358: 6351: 6344: 6335: 6334: 6103:Webcam blackmail 5924:disorderly house 5860:Violent disorder 5721:Unlawful killing 5689:Offences against 5527:Strict liability 5418: 5411: 5404: 5395: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5313: 5306:Transparency.org 5298: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5207:. Archived from 5197: 5191: 5190: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5141:. Archived from 5131: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5112: 5106:. Archived from 5105: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5045: 5038: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4923:10.1002/pad.1961 4908: 4900: 4889: 4888: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4859: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4800: 4794: 4781: 4775: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4746: 4740: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4655:10.1002/smj.1986 4640: 4632: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4542: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4517: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4475: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4452:. 10 July 2007. 4442: 4436: 4435: 4432:10.1002/smj.2075 4417: 4409: 4394: 4393: 4359: 4351: 4326: 4325: 4306:10.1002/pad.1913 4291: 4282: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4250: 4244: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4177:What is bribery? 4172: 4162: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4122: 4119: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3923: 3922: 3921: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3545: 3544: 3543: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3296:Northern Ireland 3293: 3292: 3291: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3062: 3061: 3060: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3020: 3019: 3018: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2011: 2010: 2009: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1758: 1757: 1750:Crime statistics 1695:Dianne Wilkerson 1518:Bribery Act 2010 1470:Sport corruption 1357:Cash for Honours 1345:campaign finance 1072:kickback/payback 993:rights in action 934: 927: 920: 902:Papua New Guinea 683:Northern Ireland 170: 169: 30: 29: 21: 8285: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8255:Corporate crime 8240: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8152:Sex trafficking 8078:Sexual offenses 8072: 8071: 8070: 8044:Against animals 8039: 8038: 8037: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7942: 7941: 7940: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7752:False pretenses 7698: 7697: 7696: 7660:Preterintention 7532: 7525: 7518: 7515: 7506: 7460: 7447: 7441: 7411: 7402: 7350: 7344: 7312: 7310: 7304: 7261: 7252:Anti-corruption 7242: 7039: 6991:with corruption 6990: 6980: 6956:Electoral fraud 6951:Ballot stuffing 6939: 6841: 6679: 6673: 6652: 6628:Corporate crime 6616: 6611: 6581: 6576: 6572:Undue influence 6525: 6479: 6428: 6367: 6362: 6332: 6327: 6303: 6251: 6135: 6113: 6107: 6023:Criminal damage 5979: 5908:Public nuisance 5841: 5819:Sexual offences 5813: 5789:Child abduction 5690: 5683: 5629:Loss of control 5602: 5564: 5536: 5468: 5427: 5422: 5392: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5361: 5359: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5336: 5334: 5324: 5320: 5311: 5309: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5283: 5273: 5269: 5260: 5258: 5238: 5234: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5179: 5175: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5148: 5146: 5139:The Law Reviews 5133: 5132: 5125: 5116: 5114: 5113:on June 2, 2013 5110: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5016: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4975: 4971: 4962: 4960: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4901: 4892: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4861: 4860: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4792:Wayback Machine 4782: 4778: 4766:Wang Xiangwei, 4765: 4761: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4733:Wayback Machine 4724: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4683:Wayback Machine 4674: 4670: 4633: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4595: 4591: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4547: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4461: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4410: 4397: 4352: 4329: 4289: 4283: 4272: 4263: 4261: 4251: 4247: 4241:Wayback Machine 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4200: 4196: 4187: 4185: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4151:, ed. (1911). " 4136: 4134: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4062:Organized crime 4010:(GRECO) of the 3963: 3940: 3938: 3919: 3917: 3898: 3896: 3877: 3875: 3856: 3854: 3835: 3833: 3814: 3812: 3793: 3791: 3772: 3770: 3751: 3749: 3730: 3728: 3709: 3707: 3688: 3686: 3667: 3665: 3646: 3644: 3625: 3623: 3604: 3602: 3583: 3581: 3562: 3560: 3541: 3539: 3520: 3518: 3499: 3497: 3478: 3476: 3457: 3455: 3436: 3434: 3415: 3413: 3394: 3392: 3373: 3371: 3352: 3350: 3331: 3329: 3310: 3308: 3289: 3287: 3275:North Macedonia 3268: 3266: 3247: 3245: 3226: 3224: 3205: 3203: 3184: 3182: 3163: 3161: 3142: 3140: 3121: 3119: 3100: 3098: 3079: 3077: 3058: 3056: 3037: 3035: 3016: 3014: 2995: 2993: 2974: 2972: 2953: 2951: 2932: 2930: 2911: 2909: 2890: 2888: 2869: 2867: 2848: 2846: 2827: 2825: 2806: 2804: 2785: 2783: 2764: 2762: 2743: 2741: 2722: 2720: 2701: 2699: 2679: 2677: 2658: 2656: 2637: 2635: 2616: 2614: 2595: 2593: 2574: 2572: 2553: 2551: 2532: 2530: 2511: 2509: 2490: 2488: 2469: 2467: 2448: 2446: 2427: 2425: 2406: 2404: 2385: 2383: 2364: 2362: 2343: 2341: 2322: 2320: 2301: 2299: 2280: 2278: 2259: 2257: 2238: 2236: 2217: 2215: 2196: 2194: 2175: 2173: 2154: 2152: 2133: 2131: 2112: 2110: 2091: 2089: 2070: 2068: 2049: 2047: 2028: 2026: 2007: 2005: 1986: 1984: 1965: 1963: 1944: 1942: 1923: 1921: 1902: 1900: 1881: 1879: 1860: 1858: 1839: 1837: 1818: 1816: 1797: 1795: 1776: 1774: 1765: 1752: 1746: 1722: 1606:Duke Cunningham 1552: 1530: 1510: 1501: 1478: 1472: 1450:Raghavendra Rau 1412: 1395: 1297: 1254: 1245: 1224: 1188: 1068:sweetheart deal 1024: 938: 782:Central America 678:North Macedonia 127:Anti-corruption 63:Electoral fraud 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8283: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8169: 8164: 8162:Sexual slavery 8159: 8157:Sexual assault 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7944: 7943: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7879:Hostage-taking 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7700: 7699: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7667: 7657: 7656: 7655: 7645: 7640: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7440: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7417: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7265: 7263: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7141: 7135: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7054: 7047: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7010:Global Witness 7007: 7001: 6999: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6966:Gerrymandering 6963: 6958: 6953: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6883:Ghost soldiers 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6832: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6696: 6690: 6688: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6610: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6506:Indoctrination 6503: 6498: 6493: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6470:Smear campaign 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6399:Disinformation 6396: 6394:Child grooming 6391: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6361: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6338: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6316: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6261: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6177:Jury tampering 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6117: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6083:Fraud Act 2006 6080: 6078:Theft Act 1978 6075: 6073:Theft Act 1968 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6003:Cheating (law) 6000: 5995: 5989: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5944:Forcible entry 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5832:Sexual assault 5829: 5823: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5748: 5746:Common assault 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5695: 5693: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5640:sporting event 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5598:Common purpose 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5574: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5484: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5368: 5343: 5318: 5293: 5267: 5232: 5214: 5211:on 2012-09-03. 5192: 5173: 5155: 5123: 5092: 5074: 5057: 5025: 4996: 4979:Company Lawyer 4969: 4944: 4917:(5): 244–256. 4890: 4872: 4851: 4821: 4795: 4776: 4759: 4741: 4718: 4709: 4687: 4668: 4620: 4589: 4571: 4553: 4528: 4503: 4470: 4459: 4437: 4395: 4327: 4300:(4): 217–227. 4270: 4245: 4225: 4194: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4149:Chisholm, Hugh 4130: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4027:Jury tampering 4024: 4019: 4014: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3935: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3914: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3893: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3662: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3004: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2948: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2287:Czech Republic 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1762: 1745: 1742: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1702: 1692: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1646: 1640: 1630: 1624: 1614: 1603: 1573: 1559: 1551: 1548: 1529: 1526: 1509: 1506: 1500: 1497: 1474:Main article: 1471: 1468: 1408:Main article: 1394: 1391: 1368:revolving door 1361:United Kingdom 1296: 1293: 1253: 1250: 1244: 1241: 1223: 1220: 1187: 1184: 1141:police officer 1023: 1020: 940: 939: 937: 936: 929: 922: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 905: 904: 899: 894: 886: 885: 881: 880: 879: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 825: 824: 820: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 784: 783: 779: 778: 777: 776: 771: 766: 758: 757: 753: 752: 751: 750: 748:United Kingdom 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 593:Czech Republic 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 557: 556: 552: 551: 550: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 346: 345: 341: 340: 339: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 175: 174: 166: 165: 161: 160: 159: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 130: 129: 123: 122: 121: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 42: 41: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8282: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8210: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112:Homosexuality 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8079: 8075: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 7998: 7996: 7991: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7952: 7950: 7945: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7912:Miscegenation 7910: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7832: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792:Pickpocketing 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7708: 7706: 7701: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7598:Home invasion 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7548:Assassination 7546: 7545: 7541: 7539: 7535: 7528: 7522: 7517: 7513: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7450: 7446: 7438: 7433: 7431: 7426: 7424: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7309:International 7307: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7215:(South Korea) 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7116: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998:International 6996: 6993: 6987: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6930:State capture 6928: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6873:Elite capture 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6680:of corruption 6676: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6603: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6589: 6588: 6585: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6516:Interrogation 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6359: 6354: 6352: 6347: 6345: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6324: 6322: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5657:Lawful excuse 5655: 5653: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5414: 5412: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5378: 5372: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5333: 5329: 5322: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5145:on 2018-04-16 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5109: 5102: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5042: 5035: 5029: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4973: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4839: 4835: 4834:The Economist 4831: 4825: 4809: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4785:Trans-Lex.org 4780: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4722: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4468: 4463: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4198: 4188:September 30, 4183: 4179: 4178: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4144:public domain 4133: 4132: 4118: 4114: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4077:Point shaving 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4042:Legal plunder 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3003: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2918:Liechtenstein 2908: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649:Lee Myung-Bak 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633:John Jenrette 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1617:Gerald Garson 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584:Mohammad Amir 1581: 1580:Mohammad Asif 1577: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1467: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1441:The Economist 1436: 1433: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1404: 1399: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1315: 1314:Demonstration 1311: 1305: 1301: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1249: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1222:Tax treatment 1219: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1197: 1192: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096:stock options 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1033: 1028: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 985: 982: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 946: 935: 930: 928: 923: 921: 916: 915: 913: 912: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 889: 888: 887: 883: 882: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826: 823:South America 822: 821: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 787: 786: 785: 781: 780: 775: 774:United States 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 760: 759: 756:North America 755: 754: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 559: 558: 554: 553: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 349: 348: 347: 343: 342: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 236:Guinea-Bissau 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 177: 176: 172: 171: 168: 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 132: 131: 128: 125: 124: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 108:State capture 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 68:Elite capture 66: 64: 61: 59: 56: 54: 51: 49: 46: 45: 44: 43: 39: 38: 35: 32: 31: 19: 8202:Solicitation 8137:Prostitution 8127:Masturbation 7958:Lèse-majesté 7947:Against the 7742:Embezzlement 7633:Manslaughter 7618:Intimidation 7456:jurisdiction 7453: 7140:(Madagascar) 7064:(Bangladesh) 6971:Vote pairing 6923:Rent-setting 6918:Rent-seeking 6878:Failed state 6778:Match fixing 6748:Embezzlement 6727:Corporation 6707: 6699:Black market 6562:Nudge theory 6455:Intimidation 6409:Love bombing 6388: 6384:Brainwashing 6319: 6311: 6146: 6114:and cheating 6098:Fare evasion 5707:Manslaughter 5676: 5672:Intoxication 5614:Self-defence 5557: 5509:Recklessness 5491: 5479: 5380:. Retrieved 5371: 5360:. Retrieved 5358:. 2022-07-26 5355: 5346: 5335:. Retrieved 5331: 5321: 5310:. Retrieved 5305: 5296: 5284:. Retrieved 5281:The Guardian 5280: 5270: 5259:. Retrieved 5245: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5209:the original 5204: 5195: 5186: 5176: 5167: 5158: 5147:. Retrieved 5143:the original 5138: 5115:. Retrieved 5108:the original 5095: 5086: 5077: 5048:. Retrieved 5028: 5017:. Retrieved 5008: 4999: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4961:. Retrieved 4947: 4914: 4910: 4875: 4842:. Retrieved 4833: 4824: 4812:. Retrieved 4807: 4798: 4779: 4771: 4762: 4744: 4721: 4712: 4700:ama-assn.org 4699: 4690: 4671: 4646: 4642: 4611:. Retrieved 4602: 4592: 4574: 4556: 4531: 4506: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4462: 4449: 4440: 4423: 4419: 4365: 4361: 4297: 4293: 4262:. Retrieved 4258: 4253:Doss, Eric. 4248: 4228: 4216:. Retrieved 4207: 4197: 4186:, retrieved 4176: 4170: 4156: 4117: 4087:Price fixing 4052:Match fixing 3947:Vatican City 3569:Saudi Arabia 1753: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1681:Tangentopoli 1643:Ralph Lauren 1590:, Pakistani 1544: 1540: 1531: 1522: 1511: 1502: 1490: 1479: 1476:Match fixing 1460: 1447: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1427: 1423: 1416: 1413: 1388: 1376:quid pro quo 1365: 1319: 1289:Eastern Bloc 1282: 1278: 1255: 1246: 1237: 1229:OECD Council 1225: 1217: 1209:rent seeking 1200: 1180: 1176: 1170: 1161: 1155: 1152: 1145: 1138: 1130: 1125: 1119: 1108: 1037: 1016: 1009: 995:, property, 986: 977: 952: 951: 532:Turkmenistan 301:South Africa 291:Sierra Leone 47: 8107:Fornication 8024:Obstruction 8004:Compounding 7812:Tax evasion 7563:Child abuse 7477:Misdemeanor 7313:and efforts 7311:instruments 7262:enforcement 7204:(Singapore) 7117:(Indonesia) 7053:(Argentina) 6935:State crime 6893:Mafia state 6888:Kleptocracy 6853:Clientelism 6820:Tax evasion 6703:Grey market 6496:Gaslighting 5715:Infanticide 5553:Concurrence 4814:13 February 4368:(4): 8–24. 4067:Pay to Play 3973:Bid rigging 3758:Switzerland 3548:Saint Lucia 3401:Philippines 3254:New Zealand 2392:El Salvador 1766:per 100,000 1689:Mani pulite 1657:Lee Kun-hee 1588:Salman Butt 1570:Ng Lap Seng 1556:Spiro Agnew 1508:Legislation 1321:Politicians 1274:conventions 1213:kleptocracy 1126:Schmiergeld 1092:sponsorship 897:New Zealand 800:El Salvador 790:Costa Rica 738:Switzerland 673:Netherlands 502:South Korea 492:Philippines 482:North Korea 352:Afghanistan 306:South Sudan 83:Mafia state 78:Kleptocracy 8244:Categories 8215:WikiSource 8197:Incitement 8192:Conspiracy 8067:Bestiality 8019:Misprision 7983:Subversion 7937:War crimes 7932:Usurpation 7859:Corruption 7737:Cybercrime 7623:Kidnapping 7603:Hate crime 7593:Harassment 7573:Defamation 7527:Law portal 7502:Corruption 7492:Indictable 7472:Infraction 7388:Yo Soy 132 7233:(Tanzania) 7163:(Pakistan) 7076:(Cameroon) 6903:Plutocracy 6858:Coronelism 6815:Slush fund 6614:Corruption 6491:Entrapment 6460:Mind games 6419:Propaganda 6068:Cybercrime 5998:Dishonesty 5922:Keeping a 5799:Harassment 5784:Kidnapping 5691:the person 5583:Conspiracy 5481:Actus reus 5464:Common law 5444:Either way 5439:Indictable 5362:2023-03-03 5356:Fact Check 5337:2023-03-03 5312:2023-03-03 5286:24 January 5261:2018-04-09 5149:2018-04-15 5117:2013-04-20 5019:2018-03-09 4963:2018-03-09 4264:2020-09-25 4129:References 3926:Uzbekistan 3170:Montenegro 2960:Luxembourg 2855:Kyrgyzstan 2792:Kazakhstan 2224:Costa Rica 1909:Azerbaijan 1744:Statistics 1713:corruption 1675:Rick Renzi 1639:operation. 1592:cricketers 1528:Businesses 1499:Prevention 1419:Siemens AG 1349:money loop 1339:. 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