Breton language - Knowledge

446: 1366: 51: 15381: 8116: 10604: 570: 1797:. Since their establishment, Diwan schools have provided fully immersive primary school and partially immersive secondary school instruction in Breton for thousands of students across Brittany. This has directly contributed to the growing numbers of school-age speakers of Breton. The schools have also gained fame from their high level of results in school exams, including those on French language and literature. Breton-language schools do not receive funding from the national government, though the Brittany Region may fund them. 1763: 1645: 1713: 5457: 1250: 13631: 458: 12940: 2542:. All unstressed vowels are short; stressed vowels can be short or long (vowel lengths are not noted in usual orthographies as they are implicit in the phonology of particular dialects, and not all dialects pronounce stressed vowels as long). An emergence of a schwa sound occurs as a result of vowel neutralization in post-tonic position, among different dialects. 883: 3431:

varies nowadays: is used in the French-influenced standard language and, generally speaking, in the central parts of Lower Brittany (including the south of Trégor, the west of Vannetais and virtually all parts of Cornouaille) whereas is the common realisation in Léon and often in the Haut-Vannetais

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Bretons, and this rapid decline has continued, with likely no monolingual speakers left today. A statistical survey in 1997 found around 300,000 speakers in Lower Brittany, of whom about 190,000 were aged 60 or older. Few 15- to 19-year-olds spoke Breton. In 1993, parents were finally legally allowed

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in which the finite main clause verb is typically the second element in the sentence. That makes it perfectly possible to put the subject or the object at the beginning of the sentence, largely depending on the focus of the speaker. The following options are possible (all with a little difference in

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In the early 21st century, due to the political centralization of France, the influence of the media, and the increasing mobility of people, only about 200,000 people are active speakers of Breton, a dramatic decline from more than 1 million in 1950. The majority of today's speakers are more than 60

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intended for Brittany and the Breton culture and languages. In 2023, the Breton internet extension .bzh had more than 12,000 registrations. Alongside the promotion of the .bzh internet extension, the www.bzh association promotes other services to develop Brittany's image on the web: campaign for a

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is usually describes. Other linguists, however, did not draw that distinction, either because they identified the sound to actually be an interdental fricative (such as Roparz Hemon in his phonetic transcription of the dialect used in Pluméliau or Joseph Loth in his material about the dialect of

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for both mutations, which are regularly and more prominently pronounced in Léonais, Cornouaillais, Trégorrois and Bas-Vannetais. In traditional literature written in the Vannetais dialect, two different graphemes are employed for representing the dental fricative, depending on the scripture's

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As phonetic and phonological differences between the dialects began to magnify, many regions, particularly the Vannes country, began to devise their own orthographies. Many of these orthographies were more closely related to the French model, albeit with some modifications. Examples of these

1100:, was also the first French dictionary. Edited by Jehan Lagadec in 1464, it was a trilingual work containing Breton, French and Latin. Today bilingual dictionaries have been published for Breton and languages including English, Dutch, German, Spanish and Welsh. A monolingual dictionary, 2525:) offer some courses in Breton. In 2010, nearly 5,000 students in Brittany were reported to be taking this option. Additionally, the University of Rennes 2 has a Breton language department offering courses in the language along with a master's degree in Breton and Celtic Studies. 2505:

In addition to bilingual education (including Breton-medium education) the region has introduced the Breton language in primary education, mainly in the department of Finistère. These "initiation" sessions are generally one to three hours per week, and consist of songs and games.

940:. Since their establishment, Diwan schools have provided fully immersive primary school and partially immersive secondary school instruction in Breton for thousands of students across Brittany. This has directly contributed to the growing numbers of school-age speakers of Breton. 3753:

On top of this, the formation of plurals is complicated by two different pluralizing functions. The "default" plural formation is contrasted with another formation which is said to "emphasize variety or diversity" – thus two semantically different plurals can be formed out of

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Although modern Breton has lost its ancestral dual number marker, relics of its use are preserved in various nouns pertaining to body parts, including the words for eyes, ears, cheeks, legs, armpits, arms, hands, knees, thighs, and wings. This is seen in a prefix (formed in

11706:. Page 295: "Breton has also borrowed much more heavily from French throughout its history than any of the other British Celtic languages ever have from English, to the extent that two-fifths of the ordinary vocabulary is of French origin, according to some extents". 858:, the French government has attempted to stamp out minority languages—including Breton—in state schools, in an effort to build a national culture. Teachers humiliated students for using their regional languages, and such practices prevailed until the late 1960s. 1117:("Public Office for the Breton language") began a campaign to encourage daily use of Breton in the region by both businesses and local communes. Efforts include installing bilingual signs and posters for regional events, as well as encouraging the use of the 3670:) that is etymologically derived from the prefixation of the number two. The dual is no longer productive, and has merely been lexicalized in these cases rather than remaining a part of Breton grammar. The (etymologically) already dual words for eyes ( 914:

tried to raise the language to the level of a great international language. Its publication encouraged the creation of original literature in all genres, and proposed Breton translations of internationally recognized foreign works. In 1946,

1846:), who aimed to have 20,000 students in bilingual schools by 2010, and of "their recognition" for "their place in education, public schools, and public life"; nevertheless he describes being encouraged by the growth of the movement. 724:(in present-day Spain). Old Breton is attested from the 9th century. It was the language of the upper classes until the 12th century, after which it became the language of commoners in Lower Brittany. The nobility, followed by the 11249: 3772:"various different parks". Ball reports that the latter pluralizer is used only for inanimate nouns. Certain formations have been lexicalized to have meanings other than that which might be predicted solely from the morphology: 3529:

in Belle-Île) or due to the fact that they attached no importance to it and ascertained that their descriptions were not in need of a further clarification of the sound's phonetic realisation as it was a clearly distinguishable

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Breton nouns are marked for gender and number. While Breton gender is fairly typical of gender systems across western Europe (with the exception of Basque and modern English), Breton number markers demonstrate rarer behaviors.

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In addition, Peurunvan maintains the KLT convention, which distinguishes noun/adjective pairs by nouns written with a final voiced consonant and adjectives with a voiceless one. No distinction is made in pronunciation, e.g.

1736:, it is illegal for commercial signage to be in Breton alone. Signs must be bilingual or French only. Since commercial signage usually has limited physical space, most businesses have signs only in French. 5221:(but for rare words such the word "door": "dor" "an nor"), it also has a "hard" mutation, in which voiced stops become voiceless, and a "mixed" mutation, which is a mixture of hard and soft mutations. 571: 1782:

based on the 1994 amendment to the Constitution that establishes French as the language of the republic. Therefore, no other language may be used as a language of instruction in state schools. The

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dialect of central Morbihan (in and around the city of Vannes and the Pays de Pontivy), though in rapid speech mostly a tapped occurs. In the other regions of Trégor or even may be found.

5994:) was given official recognition by the French authorities as the "official orthography of Breton in French education." It was opposed in the region and today is used only by the magazine 11257: 3726:"mouse". However, Breton goes beyond Welsh in the complications of this system. Collectives can be pluralized to make forms which are different in meaning from the normal collective-- 668:

Having declined from more than one million speakers around 1950 to about 200,000 in the first decade of the 21st century, Breton is classified as "severely endangered" by the UNESCO

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campaign, to encourage enterprises, organisations and communes to promote the use of Breton, for example by installing bilingual signage or translating their websites into Breton.

11036: 3520:'s coast. Some scholars also used as the symbol for the sound to indicate that it was rather an "infra-dental" consonant than a clear interdental, which is the sound the symbol 14832: 11797: 3476:

is instead used, and this practice can be traced back to at least the end of the 17th century. The area this phenomenon has been found to be evident in encompasses the towns of

5845:, was published; as the first dictionary written for both French and Breton, it became a point of reference on how to transcribe the language. The orthography presented in the 10892: 5563:

the fifth, and originally least common, places the Subject in initial position (as in (5)), followed by an inflected verb, followed by the Object, just like in English (SVO).

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All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

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As seen elsewhere in many Celtic languages, the formation of the plural can be hard to predict, being determined by a mix of semantic, morphological and lexical factors.

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Following proposals made during the 1920s, the KLT and Vannetais orthographies were merged in 1941 to create an orthographic system to represent all four dialects. This

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which is to be found in certain varieties of Haut-Vannetais. Most of the Breton dialects do not inherit the sound and thus it is mostly not orthographically fixed. The

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In 2007, some 4,500 to 5,000 adults followed an evening or correspondence one Breton-language course. The transmission of Breton in 1999 was estimated to be 3 percent.

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Adkins, Madeleine; Davis, Jenny L. (September 2012). "The naïf, the sophisticate, and the party girl: Regional and gender stereotypes in Breton language web videos".

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Francis Favereau, "Anthologie de la littérature bretonne au XXe siècle : 1919–1944", "Tome 2 : Breiz Atao et les autres en littérature", Skol Vreizh, 2003,

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Regional and departmental authorities use Breton to a very limited extent. Some bilingual signage has also been installed, such as street name signs in Breton towns.

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before voiced sounds, are represented by a grapheme that indicates a voiceless sound. In OU they are written as voiced but represented as voiceless before suffixes:

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Dieub ha par en o dellezegezh hag o gwirioù eo ganet an holl dud. Poell ha skiant zo dezho ha dleout a reont bevañ an eil gant egile en ur spered a genvreudeuriezh.

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orthography was established in 1911. At the same time writers of the more divergent Vannetais dialect developed a phonetic system also based on that of Le Gonidec.

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Number in Breton is primarily based on an opposition between singular and plural. However, the system is full of complexities in how this distinction is realized.

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At the beginning of the 20th century, half of the population of Lower Brittany knew only Breton; the other half were bilingual. By 1950, there were only 100,000

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There are certain non-determinant factors that influence gender assignment. Biological sex is applied for animate referents. Metals, time divisions (except for

1672:. Supporters of Breton and other minority languages continue to argue for their recognition, and for their place in education, public schools, and public life. 5839:, Old- and Middle Breton orthography was at first not standardised, and the spelling of a particular word varied at authors' discretion. In 1499, however, the 5819:

Breton uses much more borrowed vocabulary than its relatives further north; by some estimates a full 40% of its core vocabulary consists of loans from French.

1705:, which obliges signatory states to recognize minority and regional languages, was signed by France in 1999 but has not been ratified. On 27 October 2015, the 10675: 11904: 1702: 10772: 15813: 1026: 2549:, which is noted by appending an 'n' letter after the base vowel, or by adding a combining tilde above the vowel (most commonly and easily done for 15839: 1746:, the Breton language agency, was set up in 1999 by the Brittany region to promote and develop the daily use of Breton. It helped to create the 15874: 1057: 10990: 2323:

The 10 communes of historic Brittany with the highest total population, listed with their percentages of pupils in bilingual primary education

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was largely similar to that of French, in particular with respect to the representation of vowels, as well as the use of both the Latinate

805:, spoken by the lower classes, and required the use of French for government business as part of its policy of national unity. During the 464: 12906: 12384: 929:. Other Breton-language periodicals have been published, which established a fairly large body of literature for a minority language. 15844: 15317: 13289: 13260: 11097: 3916:. However, in some dialects the use of this affix has become rare. Various masculine nouns including occupations as well as the word 5827:

The first extant Breton texts, contained in the Leyde manuscript, were written at the end of the 8th century: 50 years prior to the

602:, part of modern-day France. It is the only Celtic language still widely in use on the European mainland, albeit as a member of the 12328: 11972: 11949: 1770:

In the late 20th century, the French government considered incorporating the independent Breton-language immersion schools (called

1032: 1048:) have also been translated and broadcast in Breton. Poets, singers, linguists, and writers who have written in Breton, including 15337: 15327: 12311: 15879: 15777: 15357: 15342: 15332: 7417:

represents plural endings. Its pronunciation varies by dialect: rating geographically from Northwest Leon to Southeast Gwened.

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elaborated and reformed Le Gonidec's system. They made it more suitable as a super-dialectal representation of the dialects of

5492: 11079: 3744:, referring to a single fish out of a school of fish, and this singulative of the plural can then be pluralized again to make 15347: 13736: 12021: 12013: 11521: 11063: 10812: 10766: 8021: 3349: 1172: 1122: 1106:

was published in 1995. The first edition contained about 10,000 words, and the second edition of 2001 contains 20,000 words.

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the fourth option places the Object in initial position (as in (4)), followed by an inflected verb, followed by the Subject.

3907:; most nouns that use this marker are inanimates but collectives of both inanimate and animate nouns always use it as well. 1257:

Breton is spoken mainly in Lower Brittany, but also in a more dispersed way in Upper Brittany (where it is spoken alongside

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The 10 communes with the highest percentage of pupils in bilingual primary education, listed with their total population

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The four traditional dialects of Breton correspond to medieval bishoprics rather than to linguistic divisions. They are

809:, the government introduced policies favouring French over the regional languages, which it pejoratively referred to as 12347:, (extensive Breton grammar in French, with glossed examples and typological comparisons), IKER, CNRS, 2009 > 2017]. 12210: 12104: 11984: 11961: 11838: 11576: 11167: 5841: 3406: 1096: 17: 12357: 11316: 5178: 15407: 14815: 14628: 12921: 12078: 12059: 12040: 10973: 10951: 538: 7431:) it represents in KLT, in Gwenedeg and in Goëlo. The pronunciation is retained word-finally in verbs. In words 4107:

Another set of nouns have lexicalized plurals that bear little if any resemblance to their singulars. These include

12877: 12532: 3206: 2331: 1779: 670: 278: 169: 11793: 11119: 5174: 15808: 15679: 15492: 13222: 3180: 2669: 1655:, the Breton language agency, was set up in 1999 by the Brittany region to promote and develop the use of Breton. 683: 591: 475: 3592:) as has also occurred in the other Celtic languages as well as across the Romance languages. Certain suffixes ( 15767: 15517: 12377: 11630: 3790:

now has come to mean "running waters after a storm". Certain forms have lost the singular from their paradigm:

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Visitors to Brittany may encounter words and phrases (especially on signs and posters) such as the following:

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and scientific terms in Modern Breton come from Old Breton. The recognized stages of the Breton language are:

445: 15689: 14798: 11301: 10749: 10633: 3137: 2681: 1365: 318: 11224: 3501: 397: 384: 15869: 15859: 15854: 15782: 15734: 15604: 15599: 15400: 15071: 12914: 12420: 11979:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge; New York; Oakleigh: Cambridge University Press. pp. 371–452. 10702: 3194: 3095: 2728: 2697: 1843: 1238: 1230: 1222: 1198: 1180: 1152: 1044: 607: 422: 336: 7908: 6704: 6633: 6554: 6513: 6501: 5968: 5964: 5901: 5893: 5889: 5873: 5861: 5857: 3538: 3521: 3456: 3452: 3448: 2792: 1289: 234: 14271: 13536: 12936: 12729: 12555: 11717: 3711:, for which the morphologically less complex form is the plural. Thus, the singulative of the collective 3324: 3242: 2744: 2622: 646: 288: 5912: 3537:

represents a variable sound that may exhibit as /s/, /z/, or /h/, and descends from a now-extinct sound

674:. However, the number of children attending bilingual classes rose 33% between 2006 and 2012 to 14,709. 15739: 15564: 14842: 14717: 14322: 14291: 13676: 11811: 11358:"The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA):Articulation of Language Instruction" 10463:

have been borrowed from French, which took them from Breton. However, this is uncertain: for instance,

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are used for a few nouns. When they are appended, they also trigger a change in the vowel of the root:

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These figures include some cities in the department of Loire-Atlantique, which is now included in the

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represents when it follows a vowel, after a consonant it represents . But before a vowel other than

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Differences between the two systems are particularly noticeable in word endings. In Peurunvan, final

3436: 3404: 3390: 3361: 3347: 3335: 3322: 3286: 3263: 3240: 3222: 3220: 3204: 3192: 3178: 3151: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3106: 3093: 3063: 3047: 3029: 3015: 2990: 2974: 2956: 2942: 2906: 2892: 2878: 2779: 2777: 2765: 2742: 2726: 2714: 2695: 2679: 2667: 2648: 2634: 2632: 2620: 1639: 14603: 12270: 12242: 11357: 11205: 3637:"week") and mountains tend to be masculine, while rivers, cities and countries tend to be feminine. 957:, which is now Brittany. Some other popular comics have also been translated into Breton, including 15834: 15664: 15143: 14577: 14553: 13879: 12766: 12709: 12494: 12453: 12179: 11397: 11228: 10996: 10710: 7257:

is realized as when it precedes or follows a vowel (or when between vowels), but in words such as

5495:(verb-subject-object), which is most apparent in embedded clauses. However, Breton finite verbs in 5488: 2650: 1741: 1650: 1112: 959: 603: 434: 295: 159: 15634: 15594: 15574: 15554: 15457: 14854: 14502: 14048: 13767: 13586: 13476: 13128: 13118: 7907:

varies by dialect, nowadays uvular (or ) is standard; occurs in Leoneg, or in Tregerieg, and

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Ar Bibl Santel (Jenkins) 1897 (JEN1897). History of Bible translation in Breton and Breton Bible

11854: 11469: 15772: 15569: 15322: 15241: 15204: 14276: 13566: 13561: 12882: 12114: 11487: 10848: 5975: 3153: 2823: 2558: 1681: 1014: 851: 11183: 1194: 15792: 15724: 15694: 15649: 15644: 15619: 15477: 15088: 14903: 14648: 14548: 13919: 13762: 13741: 12859: 12408: 11133: 5850: 4290: 3300: 3265: 2894: 2880: 2191: 855: 847: 15762: 12231: 2411: 979: 621:(the ancient name for the coastal region that includes the Brittany peninsula) by migrating 15684: 15674: 15624: 15584: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15522: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15482: 15467: 15462: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15231: 15103: 14837: 14487: 13884: 13807: 13616: 13541: 13060: 13032: 12460: 12343: 11956:. Routledge language family descriptions. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. pp. 349–409. 2976: 2908: 1749: 1077: 13072: 11105: 1277: 1049: 8: 15787: 15729: 15669: 15659: 15639: 15629: 15614: 15609: 15589: 15559: 15527: 15512: 15487: 15423: 15380: 15118: 14987: 14917: 14898: 14877: 14810: 14633: 14507: 14327: 14312: 14307: 14261: 14236: 13909: 13802: 13787: 13601: 13420: 13215: 13042: 12944: 12871: 12761: 12754: 12737: 12503: 12467: 12317:

A multilingual dictionary containing many Breton words alongside those of other languages

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Le système consonantique du breton avec une étude comparative de phonétique expérimentale

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is mainly pronounced although in certain regions (especially for the spirantization of

5141: 3447:(or the "spirant mutation" in cases where the phenomenon originates from the mutation of 3078: 1218: 1038: 1020: 863: 802: 716:). It comes from a Brittonic language community that once extended from Great Britain to 164: 14517: 13027: 10676:"Enquête socio-linguistique : qui parle les langues de bretagne aujourd'hui ?" 7059:

represent in Leoneg but in the other dialects. The realisations appear mainly before

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and the group Emgleo Breiz proposed a new orthography. It was designed to use a set of

5214: 5133: 4171: 2818: 1839: 1794: 1691: 1362:, however, requires a little study to be intelligible with most of the other dialects. 1061: 966: 937: 650: 3512:. The only known place where the mutation occurs outside of the Vannes country is the 1786:

implemented the amendment, asserting that French is the language of public education.

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started, which counts more than 85,000 articles as of August 2024. In March 2007, the

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for the consideration of the Breton language in Microsoft products. In October 2014,

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that is not recognized by a national government as an official or regional language.

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when preceded or followed by a vowel (or when between vowels), but in words such as

5530:'to be' in initial position (as in (2)), followed the Subject, and the construction 3812:

Meanwhile, certain nouns can form doubly marked plurals with lexicalized meanings –

665:) have a slight connection due to both of their origins being from Insular Celtic. 481: 15177: 15138: 15093: 15080: 15000: 14979: 14882: 14827: 14512: 14332: 14251: 14063: 13843: 13782: 13672: 13551: 13546: 13516: 13486: 13440: 13402: 13268: 13163: 13133: 13113: 13064: 13052: 13009: 13005: 12994: 12979: 12974: 12742: 12717: 12685: 12666: 12627: 12603: 12545: 12521: 12393: 12199: 12031:

Schrijver, Peter (2011). "Middle and early modern Breton". In Ternes, Elmar (ed.).

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also has the somewhat unusual property of triggering double marking of the plural:

3708: 3497: 2863: 2855: 2840: 2813: 2808: 2327: 2132: 1812:("Awakening") was created in 1990 for bilingual education in the Catholic schools. 1226: 1210: 1138: 1088: 709: 642: 634: 595: 508: 154: 13098: 12830: 10523:

is). The Cornish surnames Mennear, Minear and Manhire all derive from the Cornish

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Breton site with learners' forum and lessons (mostly in French with some English)

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Brythonic Celtic – Britannisches Keltisch: From medieval British to modern Breton

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Brythonic Celtic – Britannisches Keltisch: From medieval British to modern Breton

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Brythonic Celtic – Britannisches Keltisch: From medieval British to modern Breton

11509: 11049: 10603: 5832: 4306: 3251: 2870: 2835: 2659: 2205: 2122: 1706: 729: 721: 662: 580: 564: 551: 141: 75: 69: 5959:("wholly unified") orthography was significant for the inclusion of the digraph 5539:. At the end comes the Object. This construction is an exception to verb-second. 1163:

added Breton as one of its 121 languages after three years of talks between the

1148: 427: 15259: 15249: 15225: 15172: 15128: 15043: 15023: 15005: 14950: 14945: 14913: 14758: 14738: 14563: 14464: 14443: 14438: 14075: 14009: 14004: 13993: 13974: 13968: 13964: 13777: 13772: 13731: 13658: 13644: 13556: 13531: 13496: 13455: 13445: 13381: 13368: 13308: 13252: 13244: 13235: 13208: 13123: 13103: 13056: 13037: 13021: 12897: 12853: 12806: 12777: 12633: 12570: 12483: 11815: 10627: 10621: 10511:

can be directly translated from Welsh as "long stone" (which is exactly what a

8120: 5513: 5218: 4302: 4298: 3555: 3485: 3481: 2706: 2481: 1790: 1773: 1762: 1258: 1069: 933: 870: 740:, switching to French in the 15th century. There exists a limited tradition of 689: 654: 638: 245: 101: 11318:

La Loi Toubon: Language Policy and Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in France

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schools, and their number has increased yearly. This was short of the goal of

15828: 15056: 15028: 14935: 14927: 14669: 14621: 14407: 14355: 14084: 14024: 14014: 13914: 13889: 13680: 13148: 13076: 12836: 12674: 12333: 12289: 11741: 11252:[The Senate says no to the European Charter for Regional Languages]. 10800: 5500: 4310: 4289:, Breton pronouns are fused into preceding prepositions to produce a sort of 3986: 3489: 3169: 3065: 3006: 2992: 2578: 2397: 2383: 658: 614: 377: 12216: 11733: 10874: 6042:

a, b, ch, cʼh, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, y, z

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In compound nouns, the head noun, which usually comes first, is pluralized.

1644: 15374: 15167: 14955: 14479: 14433: 14372: 14281: 14058: 14036: 14029: 13471: 13396: 13386: 13318: 12653: 12583: 12136:, 3rd edn. Trans. & rev'd by Michael Everson. Westport: Evertype, 2011. 11505: 11302:"La charte "Ya d'ar Brezhoneg" / Ar garta "Ya d'ar Brezhoneg" | KLEG INFOS" 10925: 8416: 6051: 6031: 3640:

However, gender assignment to certain words often varies between dialects.

2546: 2539: 2467: 2177: 1347: 1081: 1053: 897: 705: 252: 13663: 11625:. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. London: Routledge. p. 379. 11450: 11031: 7485:

it represents in KLT, in Gwenedeg and in Goëlo. Word-finally following

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comic series has been translated into Breton. According to the comic, the

368: 362: 355: 15289: 15274: 14675: 14594: 14402: 14387: 14377: 14350: 14176: 14129: 14041: 13792: 13409: 13313: 13200: 10966:

Minority Literatures and Modernism: Scots, Breton, and Occitan, 1920–1990

6038:, the most commonly used orthography, consists of the following letters: 5925: 5836: 5496: 3704: 2612: 2573: 1778:) into the state education system. This action was blocked by the French 1350:. There are no clear boundaries between the dialects because they form a 1313: 1190: 1005: 818: 725: 13944: 13715: 11424:"Interview with Jean-Yves Le Drian, the president of the Region Council" 5918:

During the early years of the 20th century, a group of writers known as

5456: 2565:

letter after the base vowel (this depends on the orthographic variant).

1343: 882: 15212: 15200: 14653: 14617: 14417: 14382: 14342: 13934: 13701: 13692: 11621:

Stephens, Janig (2002). "Breton". In Ball, Martin; Fife, James (eds.).

11162:. Peter Lang AG, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. p. 3. 10616: 7782:

is generally silent in Kerneweg, Tregerieg and Gwenedeg, but in Leoneg

6047: 5509: 2753: 2583: 2453: 1820:

In 2018, 18,337 pupils (about 2% of all students in Brittany) attended

1783: 1733: 1261:

and French), and in areas around the world that have Breton emigrants.

1118: 745: 15392: 7861:

In northern dialects (mainly in Leoneg), there is a tendency to voice

2512: 1249: 50: 14612: 13724: 13179: 12865: 12818: 12646: 12576: 11939:

Press, Ian (2010). "Breton". In Ball, Martin J.; Fife, James (eds.).

11055: 10732:

Parler breton au XXIe siècle : Le nouveau sondage de TMO Régions

6104: 6063: 5979: 3505: 2247: 1156: 407: 346: 328: 310: 13924: 13630: 5551:

in the initial position (as in (3)), followed by the Auxiliary verb

2261: 1342:

was spoken up to the beginning of the 20th century in the region of

1295: 1217:. These are two of five times France has chosen songs in one of its 457: 15269: 14733: 14186: 14141: 14105: 14093: 13939: 13899: 13719: 13711: 13706: 13688: 13611: 13348: 13343: 13328: 12812: 12362: 11905:"Postel.bzh, la messagerie créée par des Bretons, pour les Bretons" 11779: 10995:(Web videos) (in Breton). An Oriant, Breizh: Dizale. Archived from 8375: 8306: 7896:

in Cornouaille) and (in some Haut-Vannetais varieties) also occur.

3444: 2275: 2102: 1357: 1321: 1160: 954: 918: 822: 717: 618: 599: 586: 493: 214: 86: 56: 13954: 11541:. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. pp. x, xxvi. 2520: 843:

in which he said that "federalism and superstition speak Breton".

15279: 15254: 15133: 15108: 14743: 14708: 14681: 14608: 14590: 14181: 14117: 13746: 13376: 13353: 12749: 12722: 12564: 12437: 11556:. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. pp. 661 ff. 3477: 2425: 2303: 2219: 1370: 1130: 1073: 985: 945: 903: 556: 489: 111: 12050:

Schrijver, Peter (2011). "Old British". In Ternes, Elmar (ed.).

11250:"Le Sénat dit non à la Charte européenne des langues régionales" 11160:

Breton Orthographies and Dialects: The Twentieth-century, Vol. 2

11098:"Microsoft au secours des langues celtiques y compris du breton" 6074: 6022:, and it is the version taught in most Breton-language schools. 1121:

to let speakers identify each other. The office also started an

15264: 15051: 14833:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

14753: 14728: 14692: 14686: 14599: 14522: 14448: 14367: 13869: 13358: 13303: 12939: 12790: 12189: 12069:

Ternes, Elmar (2011). "Neubretonisch". In Ternes, Elmar (ed.).

11798:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

10758: 10458: 6108: 5136:(Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx) use the preposition meaning 4047: 3526: 3472:

was used to transcribe the sound, but today mostly the regular

2439: 2369: 2355: 1717: 1695: 1687:

les langues régionales appartiennent au patrimoine de la France

1669: 1333: 1204: 1126: 991: 973: 812: 713: 701: 450:

Percentage of Breton speakers in each country of Brittany, 2018

273: 90: 6107:, which are devoiced in absolute final position and voiced in 14153: 13959: 13904: 13797: 13391: 13333: 13323: 13281: 13231: 12316: 9546: 8289: 6059: 737: 720:(present-day Brittany) and had even established a toehold in 11718:"Non-Negative Word Order in Breton: Maintaining Verb-Second" 11571:. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. 5. 10487:("straight stone") (two words: noun + adjective) in Breton. 7427:

usually represents , but word-finally (except in word-final

4170:, a variety of verbal constructions is available to express 14412: 13949: 13929: 13864: 13697: 12182: 11767:. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. 5. 10593: 10549:("to jabber in a foreign language") is derived from Breton 10444: 8383: 6003:

In the 1970s, a new standard orthography was devised – the

3989:

effect whereby some or all preceding vowels are changed to

2289: 2077:

Percentage of pupils in bilingual education per department

1709:

rejected a draft constitutional law ratifying the charter.

1214: 1134: 950: 829:

to try to keep the peasant masses under-informed. In 1794,

526: 520: 11279: 10501:). Some studies state that these words were borrowed from 5148:. The Goidelic languages, however, do use the preposition 1857:

Growth of the percentage of pupils in bilingual education

492:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

463:

Breton is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO

12250: 1806:("Two Languages") in the State schools, created in 1979. 12334:

Audio CD, workbooks, software in English to learn Breton

11401: 11383: 11051:

Publishing Networks in France in the Early Era of Print

10748:

Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010).

6412: 6015:. This system is based on the derivation of the words. 3809:

has become the regular plural, 'different news items'.

1244: 998:

Some original media are created in Breton. The sitcom,

12206:: an essay about the situation of the Breton language. 12004:. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1975. 10573:, which shares the same root as English "gull" (Welsh 8002:

A conservative realisation of the initial mutation of

3910:

Most animate nouns, including trees, take a plural in

3876:, thus its diminutive plural is the doubly pluralized 1354:, varying only slightly from one village to the next. 14145: 10427: 10380: 10333: 10279: 10224: 10218: 10163: 10157: 10107: 10052: 10046: 9999: 9952: 9905: 9858: 9811: 9764: 9717: 9662: 9656: 9601: 9595: 9543: 9496: 9442: 9395: 9348: 9293: 9287: 9233: 9185: 9179: 9132: 9077: 9071: 9016: 9010: 8955: 8949: 8895: 8841: 8794: 8747: 8693: 8646: 8592: 8545: 8491: 5880:

modifications include the replacement of Old Breton -

5159: 5106: 4991: 4879: 4756: 4647: 4538: 4426: 3824:"children" and then pluralized a second time to make 3784:

which means not "waters" but instead "rivers", while

539: 529: 14531: 12167:

Colloquial Breton: the complete course for beginners

10912:

Qui parle breton aujourd'hui? Qui le parlera demain?

7362:

Word-finally after a cluster of unvoiced consonants.

6090:

Both orthographies use the above alphabet, although

4046:

Various nouns instead form their plural merely with

2561:), or more commonly by non-ambiguously appending an 1793:

were founded in Brittany in 1977 to teach Breton by

1137:

to develop their interfaces in Breton. In 2004, the

523: 517: 514: 10743: 10741: 7933:

may appear word-initially in case of soft mutation.

5915:created a modern phonetic system for the language. 5177:. The order and preposition may differ slightly in 1800:Another teaching method is a bilingual approach by 1703:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1012:, has exclusively Breton programming. Some movies ( 511: 11943:. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. pp. 427–487. 7067:), semivowels , consonant clusters beginning with 6018:Today the majority of writers continue to use the 5217:: though modern Breton lost the nasal mutation of 11437: 11435: 11433: 10703:Diagnostic de la langue bretonne en Île-de-France 7865:between vowels. also appears as the lenition of 5512:in initial position (as in (1)), followed by the 134:(Number includes students in bilingual education) 15826: 12312:English online dictionary and grammar for Breton 10988: 10738: 3845:means "little child", but the doubly pluralized 11539:Christmas Hymns in the Vannes Dialect of Breton 11120:"Facebook. Et maintenant une version en breton" 798:The French monarchy was not concerned with the 12265:: Brittany information, articles about Breton. 11674: 11670: 11668: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11600: 11430: 11225:"France a 'rogue state' on regional languages" 10989:an Henaff, Goulwena; Strubel, Etienne (2008). 10747: 8110: 8080:Ra vo graet ho youl war an douar evel en neñv. 8010:, used in certain parts of the Vannes country. 5988:("University Orthography", known in Breton as 5790: 5733: 5684: 5627: 5594: 5202: 3594:-ach/-aj, -(a)dur, -er, -lecʼh, -our, -ti, -va 3468:historical period. There once was a time when 862:years old, and Breton is now classified as an 15408: 14109: 13216: 12922: 12733:? (possibly independent or pre-Indo-European) 12378: 12169:. London: Routledge, 2004 (repr. 2007, 2015). 11880:"The struggle to give Brittany its own emoji" 11660: 11658: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11324:(Thesis thesis). Carnegie Mellon University. 10725: 10723: 10721: 10580: 10535: 10529: 10524: 10512: 10464: 10456: 10450: 10413: 10366: 10319: 10265: 10204: 10136: 10093: 10032: 9985: 9938: 9891: 9844: 9797: 9750: 9703: 9642: 9581: 9529: 9482: 9428: 9381: 9334: 9266: 9219: 9165: 9118: 9057: 8996: 8935: 8881: 8827: 8780: 8733: 8679: 8631: 8625: 8578: 8531: 8477: 8100:Ha n'hon lezit ket da vont gant an temptadur, 8095:evel m'hor bo ivez distaolet d'hon dleourion. 5076: 4961: 4849: 4726: 4617: 4508: 4396: 4249: 4209: 4174:, for example: showing a distinction between 3707:suffix that is used to form singulars out of 3703:Like other Brythonic languages, Breton has a 14097: 12152:. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1988 (repr. 2015). 12002:A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton 11765:A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton 11569:A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton 11504: 11451: 11444: 11256:(in French). 27 October 2015. Archived from 11222: 10708: 10700: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10638: 10568: 10562: 10556: 10550: 10544: 10518: 10492: 10482: 10476: 10470: 10406: 10399: 10359: 10352: 10312: 10305: 10258: 10251: 10197: 10190: 10129: 10122: 10086: 10079: 10025: 10018: 9978: 9971: 9931: 9924: 9884: 9877: 9837: 9830: 9790: 9783: 9743: 9736: 9696: 9689: 9635: 9628: 9574: 9567: 9522: 9515: 9475: 9468: 9421: 9414: 9374: 9367: 9327: 9320: 9259: 9252: 9212: 9205: 9158: 9151: 9111: 9104: 9050: 9043: 8989: 8982: 8928: 8921: 8874: 8867: 8820: 8813: 8773: 8766: 8726: 8719: 8672: 8665: 8618: 8611: 8571: 8564: 8523: 8517: 8510: 8470: 8463: 8414: 8402: 8390: 8373: 8361: 8348: 8336: 8324: 8314: 8304: 8287: 8275: 8263: 8251: 8239: 8227: 8214: 8199: 8187: 8175: 8163: 8136: 8035: 7849: 7843: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7769: 7760: 7751: 7742: 7733: 7724: 7715: 7705: 7695: 7686: 7677: 7668: 7659: 7650: 7641: 7632: 7624: 7619: 7610: 7601: 7593: 7583: 7573: 7563: 7553: 7543: 7534: 7524: 7515: 7506: 7497: 7477: 7468: 7459: 7450: 7441: 7432: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7355:. In some regions may be heard instead of . 7350: 7344: 7338: 7332: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7278: 7268: 7258: 7239: 7230: 7221: 7212: 7203: 7194: 7185: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7010: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6295: 6288: 6281: 6269: 6262: 6255: 6243: 6236: 6229: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6164: 6156: 6148: 6134: 6128: 6118: 6112: 6095: 6082: 6076: 6010: 6004: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5954: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5919: 5552: 5543: 5531: 5525: 5516: 5048: 4821: 4238: 4198: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3902: 3896: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3718: 3712: 3692: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3587: 3586:), having largely lost its historic neuter ( 3581: 3575: 2518: 2510: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1807: 1801: 1771: 1747: 1739: 1685: 1648: 1355: 1337: 1327: 1319: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1287: 1281: 1271: 1265: 1202: 1184: 1164: 1142: 1110: 1101: 999: 964: 924: 916: 909: 901: 887: 834: 810: 293: 232: 226: 220: 212: 126: 40: 14157: 14121: 12073:. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. pp. 431–530. 12035:. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. pp. 359–430. 11616: 11614: 11612: 11017: 10893:"Breton – An Endangered Language of Europe" 10630:, 17th-century Breton language orthographer 10574: 10506: 10434: 10420: 10387: 10373: 10340: 10326: 10292: 10286: 10272: 10238: 10232: 10211: 10177: 10171: 10149: 10143: 10100: 10066: 10060: 10039: 10006: 9992: 9959: 9945: 9912: 9898: 9865: 9851: 9818: 9804: 9771: 9757: 9724: 9710: 9676: 9670: 9649: 9615: 9609: 9588: 9554: 9536: 9503: 9489: 9455: 9449: 9435: 9402: 9388: 9355: 9341: 9307: 9301: 9279: 9273: 9240: 9226: 9193: 9172: 9139: 9125: 9091: 9085: 9064: 9030: 9024: 9003: 8969: 8963: 8942: 8908: 8902: 8888: 8854: 8848: 8834: 8801: 8787: 8754: 8740: 8706: 8700: 8686: 8653: 8639: 8599: 8585: 8552: 8538: 8498: 8484: 5831:, considered to be the earliest example of 5194: 5188: 5182: 5153: 5096: 5086: 4981: 4971: 4869: 4859: 4746: 4736: 4637: 4627: 4528: 4518: 4416: 4406: 4260: 4219: 4031:"partridges"); the changes associated with 2500: 637:, another Southwestern Brittonic language. 15415: 15401: 14133: 13230: 13223: 13209: 12929: 12915: 12385: 12371: 11952:. In Ball, Martin J.; Fife, James (eds.). 11698: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11639: 11585: 10718: 10602: 7086:In Gwenedeg velars are palatalized before 5982:closer to the conventions of French. This 5908:). and thus needed another transcription. 5467: with: V2 word order. You can help by 5165: 5116: 5001: 4889: 4766: 4657: 4548: 4436: 1680:In July 2008, the legislature amended the 1377:Distribution of Breton speakers by region 456: 444: 49: 12094: 12049: 12030: 10886: 10884: 10867:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 10661: 10567:("large seagull") is derived from Breton 4280: 700:), roughly to the west of a line linking 12139: 12113: 12054:. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. pp. 1–84. 11947: 11722:Transactions of the Philological Society 11620: 11609: 11464: 11462: 10751:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 10445:Borrowing from Breton by other languages 8114: 4166:As in other Celtic languages as well as 1761: 1711: 1643: 1364: 1248: 881: 671:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 465:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 15840:Languages attested from the 9th century 15422: 12007: 11812:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 11794:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 11715: 11683: 11551: 11492:Studi: enseigner le breton et en breton 11176: 10909: 10869:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 10729: 10491:is a misconstructed word (it should be 7247:. Always silent in Gwenedeg and Leoneg. 6000:and the publishing house Emgléo Breiz. 4485: 3443:) is a conservative realisation of the 1369:Electronic information sign in Breton, 486:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 15827: 14074: 12068: 11970: 11828: 11314: 11216: 11157: 11047: 10881: 8429: 7122:represent . In the case of word-final 6143:Camparison of different orthographies 5225:Initial consonant mutations in Breton 3484:and surrounding smaller villages like 953:village where Asterix lives is in the 649:, are more distantly related, and the 439:50-ABB-b (varieties: 50-ABB-ba to -be) 15396: 15306: 15198: 14977: 14779: 14211: 13991: 13642: 13279: 13204: 12910: 12366: 12155: 12014:Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 11938: 11762: 11716:Kennard, Holly J. (12 January 2018). 11566: 11536: 11459: 10963: 10890: 10785: 10645:an association promoting the language 8022:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 7130:palatalization to also occurs after 5524:the second places the Auxiliary verb 5234: 5229: 4938: 4293:. Below are some examples in Breton, 3934:, with a range of variants including 2805: 1221:for the contest, the others being in 1123:Internationalization and localization 874:to give their children Breton names. 677: 579: 563: 550: 74: 68: 12392: 12329:Breton site including online lessons 11381: 11331:from the original on 9 October 2022. 10864: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7973: 7958: 7943: 7936: 7925: 7914: 7899: 7876: 7857: 7838: 7789: 7492: 7420: 7409: 7376: 7365: 7358: 7312: 6413:Pronunciation of the Breton alphabet 5451: 3682:) can be pluralized "again" to form 3541:, which is still extant in Welsh as 1245:Geographic distribution and dialects 633:. Breton is most closely related to 15199: 12815:(Chubut Province, Argentina; Welsh) 12271:"Labara 6: a taste of Breton verse" 12268: 11210:Office Public de la Langue Bretonne 7250: 7180: 7137: 7082: 7051: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7005: 5896:in the Vannes dialect) and use of - 4313:, along with English translations. 3732:"fish" (singular) is pluralized to 3574:Breton has two genders: masculine ( 900:founded the Breton-language review 817:. The revolutionaries assumed that 24: 12150:A handbook of modern spoken Breton 12099:. Lesneven: Mouladurioù Hor Yezh. 12097:Petite grammaire du breton moderne 11780:"Background information on Breton" 11777: 11709: 11704:Indo-European Language and Culture 11048:Booton, Diane E. (17 April 2018). 10936:from the original on 21 July 2021. 10853:Indo European Language and Culture 10775:from the original on 23 July 2022. 7793:Used to distinguish words such as 5967:in Vannetais and corresponds to a 5900:to denote the initial mutation of 5542:the third places the construction 5487:Normal word order, like the other 3451:, respectively) of the consonants 1633: 877: 846:Since the 19th century, under the 25: 15891: 15814:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 14629:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 12212:100 Breton Internet-related words 12173: 12165:Press, Ian & Hervé Le Bihan. 11941:The Celtic languages, 2nd Edition 11516:(2 ed.). Evertype/Al Liamm. 11453:Teul ar c'helenn divyezhek e 2022 11203: 10788:The Linguistic Student's Handbook 5928:, Leon and Trégor (known as from 5583: 3895:The most common plural marker is 2147: 1094:The first Breton dictionary, the 1087:Today, Breton is the only living 15845:Southwestern Brittonic languages 15379: 13992: 13629: 12938: 12878:Scottish Gaelic-medium education 12127:Grammaire du breton contemporain 12010:A historical phonology of Breton 11554:A Historical Phonology of Breton 11488:"L'option de breton: que faire?" 10540:"settlement by the long stone". 8085:Roit dimp hiziv bara hor bevañs. 8053: 7995:Forms of the indefinite article. 5904:(today this mutation is written 5455: 5140:to show possession, whereas the 4274:to my neighbour (every morning) 4161: 3818:"child" is pluralized once into 3598:-enti, -er, -ez, -ezh, -ezon, -i 3427:The pronunciation of the letter 2509:Schools in secondary education ( 2332:Brittany (administrative region) 936:were founded to teach Breton by 886:1911 poster with Breton slogan, 507: 27:Celtic language spoken in France 12195:, the public Breton TV channel. 11897: 11872: 11847: 11822: 11804: 11786: 11771: 11756: 11560: 11545: 11530: 11498: 11480: 11416: 11390: 11375: 11350: 11335: 11315:Devine, Mary Catherine (2017). 11308: 11294: 11272: 11242: 11197: 11151: 11126: 11112: 11090: 11072: 11041: 11011: 10982: 10968:. University of Toronto Press. 10957: 10940: 10918: 10914:(in French). Brest: Brud Nevez. 10903: 8014: 7940:In Leoneg in front of a nasal. 7287:it represents (in orthography 6066:are used in the following way: 5856:—a remnant of the sound change 3864:boat has a singular diminutive 3596:) are masculine, while others ( 1675: 1109:In the early 21st century, the 1084:are now known internationally. 684:Linguistic boundary of Brittany 592:Southwestern Brittonic language 123:210,000 in Brittany (2018) 12827:(Nova Scotia; Scottish Gaelic) 11911:(in French). 21 September 2021 11223:Simon Hooper (30 March 2012). 10858: 10842: 10817: 10794: 10779: 10694: 8319:or "day festival" also exists 6062:appear on some letters. These 5822: 5557:, the Subject, and the Object. 5152:to express "belong to" (Irish 4255:orth ow hentrevek (pub myttin) 3961:The rare pluralizing suffixes 3616:can be masculine or feminine. 1732:Under the French law known as 1179:with songs in Breton; once in 1175:has twice chosen to enter the 732:. The written language of the 13: 1: 15880:Severely endangered languages 15875:Verb–subject–object languages 15348:Celtic place names in Galicia 14978: 12898:extinct or ancestor languages 12129:. Morlaix: Skol Vreizh, 1997. 11975:. In MacAulay, Donald (ed.). 11829:Strang, Barbara M. H (2015). 10790:. Edinburgh University Press. 10649: 10634:List of Celtic-language media 8105:met hon dieubit eus an Droug. 7038:⟨ch, cʼh, f, s⟩ 5814: 5447: 4265:le mo chomharsa (gach maidin) 4062:in the stem being changed to 3435:The voiced dental fricative ( 2798: 1815: 833:submitted his "report on the 789: 778: 771: 760: 753: 14780: 13290:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 12160:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 12008:Jackson, Kenneth H. (1967). 11552:Jackson, Kenneth H. (1968). 11426:. angencebretagnepresse.com. 10930:Endangered Language Alliance 7496:But silent in words such as 5892:(an evolution of Old Breton 5508:the first places the verbal 5499:are additionally subject to 2528: 1757: 1153:Regional Council of Brittany 7: 15865:Endangered Celtic languages 14272:Welsh literature in English 14212: 13643: 13369:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 13280: 11702:Fortson, Benjamin W. 2005. 11537:Hemon, Roparz, ed. (1956). 10610: 8423:rich butter and sugar cake 8123:. Note the use of the word 8111:Words and phrases in Breton 6025: 5706:{O lenn} ema Yann brezhoneg 5657:Ema Yann {o lenn} brezhoneg 5203:Initial consonant mutations 5170:, The book belongs to me). 4244:gant ma amezeg (bep mintin) 3612:) are feminine. The suffix 647:Western Brittonic languages 10: 15896: 14292:Scottish Gaelic literature 13677:Brigantia (ancient region) 12288:, Omniglot, archived from 12158:A grammar of modern Breton 12142:Yezhadur bras ar brezhoneg 12140:Kervella, Frañsez (1947). 11470:"Populations légales 2007" 11386:(in French). div-yezh.org. 10855:, chapter 14 paragraph 63. 10734:(in French). Emgleo Breiz. 10561:("wine"). The French word 8070:ra vo santelaet hocʼh anv. 7918:In Gwenedeg an unstressed 7884:and the spirantization of 7487:⟨r, l, n, z⟩ 7141:Before a vowel other than 7108:⟨cʼhw/cʼhou⟩ 5709:reading be.3SG Yann Breton 5660:be.3SG Yann reading Breton 5206: 5173:The Welsh examples are in 5132:In the examples above the 3553: 3549: 2154: 2074: 1694:belong to the heritage of 1637: 1103:Geriadur Brezhoneg an Here 908:. During its 19-year run, 841:Committee of Public Safety 681: 359: – Modern Breton 15801: 15753: 15715: 15430: 15370: 15313: 15307: 15302: 15240: 15211: 15194: 15157: 15079: 15070: 15042: 15014: 14986: 14973: 14926: 14891: 14865: 14786: 14775: 14662: 14639:Hebridean Celtic Festival 14576: 14478: 14457: 14426: 14341: 14300: 14267:Welsh-language literature 14222: 14218: 14207: 14169: 14083: 14000: 13987: 13857: 13816: 13755: 13651: 13638: 13627: 13464: 13433: 13367: 13288: 13275: 13242: 13192:Language policy in France 13188: 13172: 13091: 12991:Navarro-Lapurdian dialect 12967: 12951: 12891: 12846: 12799: 12776: 12713:? (possibly hypothetical) 12701: 12617: 12595: 12554: 12531: 12513: 12502: 12493: 12418: 12400: 11833:. Routledge. p. 94. 10807:New York: Viking. p.399. 10805:The World Until Yesterday 10598:generic top-level domains 10513: 10465: 10457: 10451: 8313:lit. "night festival", a 6991: 6966: 6955: 6946: 6939: 6917: 6910: 6901: 6890: 6881: 6872: 6865: 6855: 6846: 6837: 6826: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6769: 6760: 6753: 6745: 6736: 6726: 6715: 6703: 6694: 6687: 6678: 6667: 6660: 6651: 6642: 6632: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6567: 6565: 6553: 6542: 6512: 6500: 6491: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6448: 6441: 6030:Breton is written in the 5985:Orthographe universitaire 5712:'Yann is reading Breton.' 5663:'Yann is reading Breton.' 5349: 5324: 5301: 5276: 5253: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5239: 3858:means "little children"; 3778:"water" pluralized forms 3643: 3569: 3299: 3250: 3077: 2926: 2869: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2570: 2533: 1724: 1659: 1640:Language policy of France 1617: 1603: 1591: 1577: 1563: 1549: 1535: 1521: 1507: 1493: 1479: 1465: 1451: 1437: 1423: 1409: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1193:and the fifty piece band 472: 455: 443: 433: 421: 405: 392: 375: 344: 326: 308: 303: 287: 264: 259: 242: 208: 191: 138: 117: 107: 97: 82: 64: 48: 39: 34: 15072:Ancient Celtic languages 12236:, Agence bretagne presse 12215:, Breizh, archived from 12180:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 12095:Desbordes, Yann (1990). 11948:Stephens, Janig (1993). 11446:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 11398:"Dihun – Dihun Language" 11206:"Situation de la langue" 11102:agencebretagnepresse.com 11080:"Firefox ha Thunderbird" 10891:Kuter, Lois (May 2004). 10711:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 10624:, Irish language revival 10596:is an approved Internet 10534:("long stone"), as does 8090:Distaolit dimp hon dleoù 8075:Ra zeuio ho Rouantelezh. 7888:are both represented by 7184:Silent in words such as 7077:⟨e, eu, o⟩ 7063:(also less often before 7057:⟨e, eu, o⟩ 5913:Jean-François Le Gonidec 5489:Insular Celtic languages 5213:Breton has four initial 3560: 3516:, an island located off 2538:Vowels in Breton may be 2501:Other forms of education 2330:region. See for example 1742:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 1651:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 1113:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 960:The Adventures of Tintin 613:Breton was brought from 296:Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg 15343:Gaulish words in French 15328:Celtic words in English 13587:Scottish New Zealanders 13477:Anglo-Celtic Australian 12721:? (possibly related to 11734:10.1111/1467-968x.12119 11675:Martin J. Ball (1993). 11601:Martin J. Ball (1993). 11138:Encyclopædia Britannica 10964:Calin, William (2000). 10910:Broudic, Fañch (1999). 10829:Encyclopædia Britannica 10757:(3rd ed.). Paris: 10730:Broudic, Fañch (2009). 10588: 8065:cʼhwi hag a zo en Neñv, 7966:represents or before 7931:⟨r, l, n⟩ 5864:in Latin—and Brittonic 2545:All vowels can also be 1684:, adding article 75-1: 1391:Percentage of speakers 1197:, and most recently in 1177:Eurovision Song Contest 631:Insular Celtic language 15473:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14277:Early Irish literature 14158: 14146: 14134: 14122: 14110: 14098: 13567:Scotch-Irish Canadians 13562:Scotch-Irish Americans 12883:Welsh-medium education 12533:Southwestern Brittonic 12089:Grammars and handbooks 11995:Historical development 11971:Ternes, Elmar (1992). 11763:Hemon, Roparz (1975). 11567:Hemon, Roparz (1975). 11452: 11445: 10865:Koch, John T. (2006). 10849:Benjamin W. Fortson IV 10786:Bauer, Laurie (2007). 10709: 10701: 10639: 10607:), and email service. 10581: 10575: 10569: 10563: 10557: 10551: 10545: 10536: 10530: 10525: 10519: 10507: 10493: 10483: 10477: 10471: 10435: 10428: 10421: 10414: 10407: 10400: 10388: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10341: 10334: 10327: 10320: 10313: 10306: 10293: 10287: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10252: 10239: 10233: 10225: 10219: 10212: 10205: 10198: 10191: 10178: 10172: 10164: 10158: 10150: 10144: 10137: 10130: 10123: 10108: 10101: 10094: 10087: 10080: 10067: 10061: 10053: 10047: 10040: 10033: 10026: 10019: 10007: 10000: 9993: 9986: 9979: 9972: 9960: 9953: 9946: 9939: 9932: 9925: 9913: 9906: 9899: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9866: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9831: 9819: 9812: 9805: 9798: 9791: 9784: 9772: 9765: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9737: 9725: 9718: 9711: 9704: 9697: 9690: 9677: 9671: 9663: 9657: 9650: 9643: 9636: 9629: 9616: 9610: 9602: 9596: 9589: 9582: 9575: 9568: 9555: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9516: 9504: 9497: 9490: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9460:in names of weekdays) 9456: 9450: 9443: 9436: 9429: 9422: 9415: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9382: 9375: 9368: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9335: 9328: 9321: 9308: 9302: 9294: 9288: 9280: 9274: 9267: 9260: 9253: 9241: 9234: 9227: 9220: 9213: 9206: 9194: 9186: 9180: 9173: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9140: 9133: 9126: 9119: 9112: 9105: 9092: 9086: 9078: 9072: 9065: 9058: 9051: 9044: 9031: 9025: 9017: 9011: 9004: 8997: 8990: 8983: 8970: 8964: 8956: 8950: 8943: 8936: 8929: 8922: 8909: 8903: 8896: 8889: 8882: 8875: 8868: 8855: 8849: 8842: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8814: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8707: 8701: 8694: 8687: 8680: 8673: 8666: 8654: 8647: 8640: 8632: 8626: 8619: 8612: 8600: 8593: 8586: 8579: 8572: 8565: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8524: 8518: 8511: 8499: 8492: 8485: 8478: 8471: 8464: 8415: 8403: 8391: 8374: 8362: 8349: 8337: 8325: 8315: 8305: 8288: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8240: 8228: 8215: 8200: 8188: 8176: 8164: 8146: 8137: 8036: 7869:and mixed mutation of 7867:⟨g, cʼh⟩ 7850: 7844: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7801: 7795: 7770: 7761: 7752: 7743: 7734: 7725: 7716: 7706: 7696: 7687: 7678: 7669: 7660: 7651: 7642: 7633: 7625: 7620: 7611: 7602: 7594: 7584: 7574: 7564: 7554: 7544: 7535: 7525: 7516: 7507: 7498: 7478: 7469: 7460: 7451: 7442: 7433: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327:is written instead of 7305: 7299: 7293: 7279: 7269: 7259: 7240: 7231: 7222: 7213: 7204: 7195: 7186: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149:is written instead of 7112:⟨gw/gou⟩ 7104:⟨kw/kou⟩ 7040:and spirantization of 7036:Unwritten lenition of 7011: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6296: 6289: 6282: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6218: 6211: 6204: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6165: 6157: 6149: 6135: 6133:"Breton language" vs. 6129: 6119: 6113: 6096: 6083: 6077: 6070:â, ê, î, ô, û, ù, ü, ñ 6011: 6005: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5955: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5921:Emglev ar Skrivanerien 5920: 5614:'He/she reads Breton.' 5611:read PRT do.3SG Breton 5553: 5544: 5532: 5526: 5517: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5117: 5107: 5097: 5087: 5077: 5049: 5034: 5026: 5018: 5002: 4992: 4982: 4972: 4962: 4930: 4922: 4914: 4906: 4890: 4880: 4870: 4860: 4850: 4822: 4807: 4799: 4791: 4783: 4767: 4757: 4747: 4737: 4727: 4698: 4690: 4682: 4674: 4658: 4648: 4638: 4628: 4618: 4589: 4581: 4573: 4565: 4549: 4539: 4529: 4519: 4509: 4477: 4469: 4461: 4453: 4437: 4427: 4417: 4407: 4397: 4368: 4360: 4352: 4344: 4281:Inflected prepositions 4261: 4250: 4239: 4220: 4210: 4199: 4178:and habitual actions: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4043:are less predictable. 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3922:("Englishman", plural 3918: 3912: 3903: 3897: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3833:The diminutive suffix 3830:"groups of children". 3826: 3820: 3814: 3805: 3799: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3719: 3713: 3693: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3608:, and the singulative 3588: 3582: 3576: 2519: 2511: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1808: 1802: 1780:Constitutional Council 1772: 1767: 1748: 1740: 1721: 1686: 1656: 1649: 1410:Centre Ouest Bretagne 1373: 1356: 1338: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1288: 1282: 1272: 1266: 1254: 1233:(bilingual French and 1225:(bilingual French and 1203: 1185: 1165: 1143: 1111: 1102: 1000: 965: 925: 917: 910: 902: 893: 888: 835: 811: 697: 606:branch instead of the 560: 474:This article contains 294: 233: 227: 221: 213: 170:Southwestern Brittonic 127: 41: 14904:Scottish independence 14649:Celtic Media Festival 14532:National music scenes 13763:Proto-Celtic religion 13465:Related ethnic groups 12860:Skol Veythrin Karenza 12800:Celtic-speaking areas 12725:or pre-Indo-European) 11973:"The Breton language" 11728:(2). Wiley: 153–178. 11382:Rostrenn, Yannick /. 11184:"Breton Dialects" in 11158:Wmffre, Iwan (2008). 11032:10.1558/genl.v6i2.291 8119:Bilingual signage in 8118: 7929:Lenited varieties of 7903:The pronunciation of 7811:"town" (also written 7786:is always pronounced. 7337:"to follow", radical 6020:Peurunvan orthography 5971:in the KLT dialects. 5963:, which represents a 5888:to denote word-final 5876:before front vowels. 5835:. Like many medieval 5807:the story be.3SG good 5758:good be.3SG the story 4871:tá gluaisteán / carr 4291:inflected preposition 3463:, for instance, uses 1765: 1715: 1647: 1368: 1252: 885: 596:Celtic language group 565:[bʁeˈzɔ̃ːnɛk] 70:[bʁeˈzɔ̃ːnɛk] 15424:Languages of Europe 15228:(Medieval Welsh law) 14838:Scottish nationalism 14488:Ancient Celtic music 13808:Romano-Celtic temple 13617:Welsh New Zealanders 13542:Irish New Zealanders 13033:French Sign Language 11977:The Celtic languages 11954:The Celtic languages 11831:A History of English 11677:The Celtic Languages 11623:The Celtic Languages 11603:The Celtic Languages 7964:⟨z(h)⟩ 7953:⟨e, i⟩ 7848:"circuit/tour" from 7842:Used to distinguish 7784:⟨z(h)⟩ 7371:⟨k, g⟩ 7159:"to drive", radical 7116:⟨w/ou⟩ 6075:Differences between 5866:⟨cou-⟩ 5810:'The story is good.' 5761:'The story is good.' 4891:ta gleashtan / carr 4212:Yth eso'vy ow kewsel 3870:and a simple plural 3738:, singulativized to 1452:Pays de Cornouaille 1149:tripartite agreement 1078:Vefa de Saint-Pierre 1008:, broadcasting from 892:("It's miraculous!") 688:Breton is spoken in 581:[bɾəhɔ̃ˈnek] 76:[brəhɔ̃ˈnek] 15870:Languages of France 15860:History of Brittany 15855:Culture of Brittany 15716:States with limited 14918:Irish republicanism 14899:Breton independence 14878:Scottish devolution 14811:Cornish nationalism 14634:Pan Celtic Festival 14508:Scottish folk music 14262:Scottish literature 13788:Celtic Christianity 13592:Scottish Travellers 13577:Scottish Argentines 13421:Scottish Travellers 13043:Lorraine Franconian 12945:Languages of France 12872:Bunscoill Ghaelgagh 12847:Immersive education 12344:Grammaire du breton 12292:on 15 February 2008 12269:Richard, Meredith, 12219:on 12 December 2007 12156:Press, Ian (1986). 12125:Favereau, Francis. 11855:"Delegated Strings" 11679:. pp. 365–369. 11280:"Ofis ar Brezhoneg" 11108:on 19 October 2014. 11020:Gender and Language 10641:Stourm ar Brezhoneg 10601:Breton flag emoji ( 9556:leann, beoir, coirm 8430:Language comparison 7979:⟨gwr⟩ 7951:represents before 7863:⟨cʼh⟩ 7329:⟨ilh⟩ 7317:⟨ilh⟩ 7065:⟨cʼh⟩ 7009:Vocative particle: 6144: 5906:⟨cʼh⟩ 5870:⟨cu-⟩ 5608:Lenn a ra brezhoneg 5226: 5215:consonant mutations 5142:Brittonic languages 4285:As in other modern 3901:, with its variant 3803:is not used, while 2336: 2158: 2078: 1870:pupils in Brittany 1858: 1682:French Constitution 1664:French is the sole 1388:Number of speakers 1378: 1211:Alvan Morvan Rosius 1195:Héritage des Celtes 1021:Shakespeare in Love 896:In 1925, Professor 864:endangered language 803:languages of France 266:Recognised minority 14909:Welsh independence 14873:Cornish devolution 14794:Breton nationalism 14644:Celtic Connections 14247:Cornish literature 13597:Ulster Protestants 13582:Scottish Canadians 13572:Scottish Americans 13482:Anglo-Irish people 13092:Overseas languages 12968:Regional languages 12825:Cape Breton Island 12661:Early Modern Irish 12421:Continental Celtic 12148:McKenna, Malachy. 12144:. Brest: Al Liamm. 12115:Falcʼhun, François 11260:on 6 December 2015 11134:"Celtic languages" 10999:on 11 October 2017 10449:The English words 9221:gwer, gwyrdh, glas 8147: 8127:in the Breton for 7922:often represents . 7429:⟨ñv⟩ 7415:⟨où⟩ 7382:⟨ou⟩ 7325:⟨li⟩ 7151:⟨gn⟩ 7147:⟨ni⟩ 7120:⟨sk⟩ 7061:⟨rr⟩ 6142: 5961:⟨zh⟩ 5854:⟨qu⟩ 5224: 5161:is leam an leabhar 5155:is liom an leabhar 5134:Goidelic languages 4667:he has a computer 4172:grammatical aspect 3928:) take the suffix 3508:and also parts of 2559:Portuguese letters 2484:(Loire-Atlantique) 2400:(Loire-Atlantique) 2358:(Loire-Atlantique) 2322: 2156: 2076: 1856: 1842:(president of the 1840:Jean-Yves Le Drian 1768: 1722: 1716:Bilingual sign in 1692:regional languages 1657: 1522:Pays de St Brieuc 1376: 1374: 1255: 1253:Dialects of Breton 1219:minority languages 1062:Xavier de Langlais 980:Hägar the Horrible 955:Armorica peninsula 894: 827:regional languages 678:History and status 651:Goidelic languages 55:Bilingual sign in 18:Breton orthography 15822: 15821: 15390: 15389: 15366: 15365: 15298: 15297: 15190: 15189: 15186: 15185: 15149:Cisalpine Gaulish 14969: 14968: 14855:national identity 14850:Welsh nationalism 14843:national identity 14823:Irish nationalism 14771: 14770: 14767: 14766: 14704:Cornish wrestling 14572: 14571: 14493:Breton Folk music 14458:Regional cultures 14301:National cultures 14287:Gaelic literature 14242:Breton literature 14203: 14202: 14199: 14198: 14195: 14194: 13983: 13982: 13895:Chief of the Name 13768:Celtic polytheism 13685:Sub-Roman Britain 13625: 13624: 13512:Irish Australians 13492:Cornish Americans 13451:Scottish diaspora 13198: 13197: 12952:Official language 12904: 12903: 12697: 12696: 12613: 12612: 12556:Western Brittonic 12445:Cisalpine Gaulish 12238:: news in Breton. 12233:Amsez Wask Breizh 12121:. Rennes: Plihon. 12023:978-0-901282-53-8 11523:978-1-904808-11-4 11182:Kergoat, Lukian. 11122:. 2 October 2014. 11065:978-1-351-77805-3 10825:"Breton language" 10813:978-0-670-02481-0 10768:978-92-3-104096-2 10442: 10441: 8427: 8426: 8051: 8050: 8020:Article 1 of the 8008:⟨t⟩ 8004:⟨d⟩ 7968:⟨i⟩ 7949:⟨w⟩ 7920:⟨e⟩ 7905:⟨r⟩ 7894:⟨t⟩ 7890:⟨z⟩ 7886:⟨t⟩ 7882:⟨d⟩ 7871:⟨g⟩ 7780:⟨z⟩ 7425:⟨v⟩ 7386:⟨w⟩ 7384:is realized like 7321:⟨i⟩ 7289:⟨ï⟩ 7255:⟨i⟩ 7143:⟨i⟩ 7132:⟨i⟩ 7128:⟨k⟩ 7124:⟨g⟩ 7100:⟨g⟩ 7096:⟨k⟩ 7092:⟨i⟩ 7088:⟨e⟩ 7073:⟨l⟩ 7069:⟨r⟩ 7046:⟨f⟩ 7042:⟨p⟩ 6997: 6996: 6410: 6409: 6092:⟨é⟩ 5976:François Falcʼhun 5946:in Breton). This 5898:⟨h⟩ 5886:⟨h⟩ 5882:⟨z⟩ 5491:, is at its core 5485: 5484: 5445: 5444: 5190:mae gynnon ni gar 5167:s'lhiams yn lioar 5130: 5129: 5011:you have a house 4619:yma jynn-amontya 4601:un urzhiataer zo 4558:you have a drink 4278: 4277: 4214:orth ow hentrevek 3796:means "news" and 3474:⟨z⟩ 3470:⟨d⟩ 3465:⟨z⟩ 3429:⟨r⟩ 3424: 3423: 2789: 2788: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2563:⟨ñ⟩ 2498: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2456:(Ille-et-Vilaine) 2372:(Ille-et-Vilaine) 2316: 2315: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2085:Primary education 2072: 2071: 1868:Percentage of all 1750:Ya d'ar brezhoneg 1666:official language 1631: 1630: 1592:Loire-Atlantique 1494:Pays de Guingamp 1352:dialect continuum 1144:Ofis ar Brezhoneg 1050:Yann-Ber Kallocʼh 1036:) and TV series ( 825:forces preferred 807:French Revolution 742:Breton literature 734:Duchy of Brittany 627:Early Middle Ages 589: 578: 500: 499: 482:rendering support 478:phonetic symbols. 289:Regulated by 255:(Breton alphabet) 16:(Redirected from 15887: 15754:Dependencies and 15690:Northern Ireland 15431:Sovereign states 15417: 15410: 15403: 15394: 15393: 15383: 15304: 15303: 15196: 15195: 15178:Galwegian Gaelic 15077: 15076: 14975: 14974: 14883:Welsh devolution 14777: 14776: 14529: 14528: 14518:Sean-nós singing 14513:Welsh folk music 14503:Irish folk music 14470:Highland culture 14252:Irish literature 14232:Arthurian Legend 14220: 14219: 14209: 14208: 14161: 14149: 14137: 14125: 14113: 14101: 14081: 14080: 14072: 14071: 14049:Neo-Christianity 13989: 13988: 13920:Gaelic astrology 13880:Celtic festivals 13783:Celtic mythology 13756:Ancient religion 13673:Iron Age Britain 13640: 13639: 13633: 13612:Welsh Argentines 13552:Irish Uruguayans 13547:Irish Travellers 13517:Irish Brazilians 13507:Irish Argentines 13487:Breton Americans 13441:Cornish diaspora 13403:Irish Travellers 13277: 13276: 13269:Celtic languages 13225: 13218: 13211: 13202: 13201: 13028:Franco-Provençal 13010:Northern Catalan 12995:Souletin dialect 12980:Alsatian dialect 12975:Alemannic German 12943: 12942: 12931: 12924: 12917: 12908: 12907: 12686:Galwegian Gaelic 12667:Classical Gaelic 12628:Classical Gaelic 12522:Common Brittonic 12511: 12510: 12500: 12499: 12394:Celtic languages 12387: 12380: 12373: 12364: 12363: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12278: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12255: 12249:, archived from 12237: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12205: 12194: 12183:official website 12161: 12145: 12122: 12110: 12084: 12065: 12046: 12027: 11990: 11967: 11944: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11901: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11876: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11851: 11845: 11844: 11826: 11820: 11819: 11808: 11802: 11801: 11790: 11784: 11783: 11775: 11769: 11768: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11713: 11707: 11700: 11681: 11680: 11672: 11637: 11636: 11618: 11607: 11606: 11598: 11583: 11582: 11564: 11558: 11557: 11549: 11543: 11542: 11534: 11528: 11527: 11510:Everson, Michael 11502: 11496: 11495: 11484: 11478: 11477: 11466: 11457: 11455: 11448: 11443: 11439: 11428: 11427: 11420: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11400:. Archived from 11394: 11388: 11387: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11354: 11348: 11343: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11323: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11298: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11287: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11267: 11265: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11220: 11214: 11213: 11201: 11195: 11180: 11174: 11173: 11155: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11116: 11110: 11109: 11104:. Archived from 11094: 11088: 11087: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11045: 11039: 11035: 11015: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11004: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10961: 10955: 10944: 10938: 10937: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10907: 10901: 10900: 10888: 10879: 10878: 10862: 10856: 10846: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10821: 10815: 10798: 10792: 10791: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10756: 10745: 10736: 10735: 10727: 10716: 10714: 10706: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10682:. 8 October 2018 10672: 10644: 10606: 10584: 10578: 10572: 10566: 10560: 10554: 10548: 10543:The French word 10539: 10533: 10528: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10510: 10500: 10486: 10481:("long stone"), 10480: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10462: 10461: 10454: 10453: 10438: 10431: 10424: 10417: 10410: 10403: 10391: 10384: 10377: 10370: 10363: 10356: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10323: 10316: 10309: 10296: 10290: 10283: 10276: 10269: 10262: 10255: 10242: 10236: 10228: 10222: 10215: 10208: 10201: 10194: 10181: 10175: 10167: 10161: 10153: 10147: 10140: 10133: 10126: 10111: 10104: 10097: 10090: 10088:gwell, gwellocʼh 10083: 10070: 10064: 10056: 10050: 10043: 10036: 10029: 10022: 10010: 10003: 9996: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9963: 9956: 9949: 9942: 9935: 9928: 9916: 9909: 9902: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9822: 9815: 9808: 9801: 9794: 9787: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9740: 9728: 9721: 9714: 9707: 9700: 9693: 9680: 9674: 9666: 9660: 9653: 9646: 9639: 9632: 9619: 9613: 9605: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9578: 9571: 9558: 9551: 9540: 9533: 9526: 9519: 9507: 9500: 9493: 9486: 9479: 9472: 9459: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9406: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9371: 9359: 9352: 9345: 9338: 9331: 9324: 9311: 9305: 9297: 9291: 9283: 9277: 9270: 9263: 9256: 9244: 9237: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9209: 9197: 9195:fionn, bán, geal 9189: 9183: 9176: 9169: 9162: 9155: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9095: 9089: 9081: 9075: 9068: 9061: 9054: 9047: 9034: 9028: 9020: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8973: 8967: 8959: 8953: 8946: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8912: 8906: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8871: 8858: 8852: 8845: 8838: 8831: 8824: 8817: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8770: 8758: 8751: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8723: 8710: 8704: 8697: 8690: 8683: 8676: 8669: 8657: 8650: 8643: 8635: 8629: 8622: 8615: 8603: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8527: 8521: 8514: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8434: 8433: 8420: 8406: 8394: 8379: 8365: 8355: 8340: 8328: 8318: 8310: 8293: 8279: 8267: 8255: 8243: 8231: 8218: 8203: 8191: 8179: 8167: 8152: 8151: 8140: 8039: 8027: 8026: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7976: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7917: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7880:The lenition of 7879: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7847: 7841: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7758: 7749: 7740: 7731: 7722: 7713: 7703: 7693: 7684: 7675: 7666: 7657: 7648: 7639: 7630: 7623: 7617: 7608: 7599: 7591: 7581: 7571: 7561: 7551: 7541: 7532: 7522: 7513: 7504: 7495: 7488: 7484: 7475: 7466: 7457: 7448: 7439: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7416: 7412: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7372: 7368: 7361: 7354: 7349:, 3PS preterite 7348: 7343:, 1PS preterite 7342: 7336: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7286: 7276: 7266: 7256: 7253: 7246: 7237: 7228: 7219: 7210: 7201: 7192: 7183: 7176: 7171:, 3PS preterite 7170: 7165:, 1PS preterite 7164: 7158: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7078: 7075:. Stressed long 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7008: 6706: 6635: 6556: 6515: 6503: 6417: 6416: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6299: 6292: 6285: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6168: 6160: 6152: 6145: 6141: 6139:"Breton (adj)". 6138: 6132: 6122: 6116: 6099: 6094:is used only in 6093: 6086: 6080: 6014: 6008: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5829:Strasbourg Oaths 5792: 5735: 5686: 5629: 5596: 5585: 5556: 5547: 5535: 5529: 5520: 5480: 5477: 5459: 5452: 5227: 5223: 5209:Breton mutations 5198: 5192: 5186: 5179:colloquial Welsh 5169: 5163: 5157: 5126:they have money 5123: 5113: 5103: 5093: 5083: 5052: 5008: 4998: 4988: 4978: 4968: 4940: 4896: 4886: 4876: 4866: 4856: 4825: 4776:she has a child 4773: 4763: 4753: 4743: 4733: 4664: 4659:ta co-earrooder 4654: 4649:tha coimpiutair 4644: 4634: 4629:mae cyfrifiadur 4624: 4555: 4545: 4535: 4525: 4515: 4487: 4443: 4433: 4423: 4413: 4403: 4331:Scottish Gaelic 4316: 4315: 4287:Celtic languages 4267: 4257: 4246: 4233:to my neighbour 4226: 4222:Táim ag labhairt 4216: 4206: 4181: 4180: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3906: 3900: 3888: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3844: 3838: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3808: 3802: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3716: 3709:collective nouns 3699: 3690: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3591: 3585: 3580:) and feminine ( 3579: 3540: 3523: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3430: 3410: 3396: 3380: 3367: 3353: 3341: 3328: 3309: 3292: 3269: 3246: 3226: 3210: 3198: 3184: 3172: 3157: 3141: 3129: 3112: 3099: 3087: 3069: 3053: 3035: 3021: 3009: 2996: 2980: 2962: 2948: 2936: 2912: 2898: 2884: 2803: 2802: 2794: 2783: 2771: 2748: 2732: 2720: 2701: 2685: 2673: 2654: 2638: 2626: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2524: 2516: 2337: 2328:Pays de la Loire 2321: 2192:Plounévez-Moëdec 2159: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2133:Loire-Atlantique 2079: 2075: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1844:Regional Council 1837: 1831: 1825: 1811: 1805: 1777: 1753: 1745: 1689: 1654: 1536:Pays de Pontivy 1508:Pays de Morlaix 1466:Pays de Lorient 1379: 1375: 1361: 1341: 1331: 1325: 1317: 1309: 1303: 1293: 1285: 1275: 1269: 1227:Antillean Creole 1208: 1188: 1168: 1146: 1139:Breton Knowledge 1116: 1105: 1066:Pêr-Jakez Helias 1027:Marion du Faouet 1004:, is in Breton. 1003: 970: 928: 922: 913: 907: 891: 838: 816: 794: 791: 783: 780: 776: 773: 765: 762: 758: 755: 710:La Roche-Bernard 641:and the extinct 584: 583: 576: 575: 574: 573: 567: 554: 552:[bʁətɔ̃] 549: 542: 536: 535: 532: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 460: 448: 417: 400: 387: 371: 365: 358: 349: 340: 339: 331: 322: 321: 313: 299: 268:language in 248: 238: 230: 224: 218: 144: 132: 78: 72: 53: 44: 32: 31: 21: 15895: 15894: 15890: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15885: 15884: 15835:Breton language 15825: 15824: 15823: 15818: 15797: 15755: 15749: 15735:Northern Cyprus 15717: 15711: 15605:North Macedonia 15426: 15421: 15391: 15386: 15362: 15309: 15294: 15236: 15232:Early Scots law 15221:Early Irish law 15207: 15182: 15159:Scottish Gaelic 15153: 15094:Proto-Brittonic 15066: 15062:Beurla Reagaird 15038: 15034:Scottish Gaelic 15010: 14982: 14965: 14961:Columba Project 14941:Celtic Congress 14922: 14887: 14861: 14782: 14763: 14724:Gaelic handball 14714:Gaelic football 14699:Cornish hurling 14658: 14568: 14527: 14474: 14453: 14439:Gaelic clothing 14422: 14337: 14296: 14257:Manx literature 14214: 14191: 14170:Other claimants 14165: 14070: 14020:Celtic Congress 13996: 13979: 13875:Celtic calendar 13853: 13812: 13751: 13647: 13634: 13621: 13607:Welsh Americans 13527:Irish Catholics 13522:Irish Canadians 13502:Irish Americans 13460: 13434:Celtic diaspora 13429: 13363: 13292: 13284: 13271: 13238: 13229: 13199: 13194: 13184: 13168: 13087: 12963: 12947: 12937: 12935: 12905: 12900: 12887: 12842: 12795: 12786:Beurla Reagaird 12772: 12710:Ancient Belgian 12693: 12680:Scottish Gaelic 12640:Primitive Irish 12609: 12591: 12550: 12527: 12506: 12489: 12414: 12396: 12391: 12295: 12293: 12282: 12259: 12257: 12256:on 12 June 2011 12253: 12241: 12230: 12222: 12220: 12209: 12198: 12191:France 3 breizh 12188: 12176: 12132:Hemon, Roparz. 12107: 12081: 12062: 12043: 12024: 12000:Hemon, Roparz. 11987: 11964: 11928:Further reading 11925: 11924: 11914: 11912: 11903: 11902: 11898: 11888: 11886: 11878: 11877: 11873: 11863: 11861: 11853: 11852: 11848: 11841: 11827: 11823: 11810: 11809: 11805: 11792: 11791: 11787: 11778:Hewitt, Steve. 11776: 11772: 11761: 11757: 11714: 11710: 11701: 11684: 11673: 11640: 11633: 11619: 11610: 11599: 11586: 11579: 11565: 11561: 11550: 11546: 11535: 11531: 11524: 11503: 11499: 11494:. 20 June 2010. 11486: 11485: 11481: 11468: 11467: 11460: 11441: 11440: 11431: 11422: 11421: 11417: 11407: 11405: 11404:on 15 June 2006 11396: 11395: 11391: 11380: 11376: 11366: 11364: 11356: 11355: 11351: 11341: 11340: 11336: 11328: 11321: 11313: 11309: 11300: 11299: 11295: 11285: 11283: 11278: 11277: 11273: 11263: 11261: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11233: 11231: 11221: 11217: 11202: 11198: 11181: 11177: 11170: 11156: 11152: 11142: 11140: 11132: 11131: 11127: 11118: 11117: 11113: 11096: 11095: 11091: 11078: 11077: 11073: 11066: 11046: 11042: 11016: 11012: 11002: 11000: 10987: 10983: 10976: 10962: 10958: 10945: 10941: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10908: 10904: 10889: 10882: 10863: 10859: 10847: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10823: 10822: 10818: 10799: 10795: 10784: 10780: 10769: 10754: 10746: 10739: 10728: 10719: 10699: 10695: 10685: 10683: 10680:Région Bretagne 10674: 10673: 10662: 10652: 10613: 10591: 10447: 9907:uisge (dobhair) 8768:personne, homme 8452:Scottish Gaelic 8432: 8258:all directions 8182:you're welcome 8113: 8056: 8046: 8034: 8017: 8007: 8003: 7988:Before a vowel. 7978: 7967: 7963: 7952: 7948: 7930: 7919: 7904: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7783: 7779: 7489:it represents . 7486: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7406:it represents . 7385: 7381: 7370: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7288: 7254: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7022:Word-initially. 6415: 6380:most beautiful 6091: 6088: 6028: 6012:interdialectale 5960: 5905: 5897: 5885: 5881: 5869: 5865: 5853: 5825: 5817: 5812: 5804:An istor zo mad 5802: 5794: 5783: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5755:Mad eo an istor 5753: 5745: 5737: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5696: 5688: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5598: 5587: 5577: 5569: 5481: 5475: 5472: 5465:needs expansion 5450: 5231: 5211: 5205: 5196:mae car gyda ni 5073: 5058: 5044: 5032: 5024: 4958: 4943: 4928: 4920: 4912: 4846: 4831: 4817: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4723: 4708: 4696: 4688: 4680: 4614: 4599: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4505: 4490: 4475: 4467: 4459: 4393: 4378: 4366: 4358: 4350: 4307:Scottish Gaelic 4283: 4224:le mo chomharsa 4164: 3646: 3572: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3428: 3376: 3305: 3168: 3083: 3005: 2932: 2825: 2801: 2791:Diphthongs are 2562: 2536: 2531: 2503: 2470:(Côtes-d'Armor) 2349: 2344: 2324: 2292:(Côtes-d'Armor) 2250:(Côtes-d'Armor) 2236:(Côtes-d'Armor) 2208:(Côtes-d'Armor) 2206:Bulat-Pestivien 2194:(Côtes-d'Armor) 2171: 2166: 2150: 2123:Ille-et-Vilaine 2086: 1869: 1818: 1760: 1727: 1678: 1662: 1642: 1636: 1634:Official status 1604:Pays de Nantes 1578:Pays de Rennes 1564:Haute Bretagne 1480:Pays de Vannes 1396:Basse Bretagne 1247: 1213:and vocal trio 1201:in Turin with " 1089:Celtic language 1015:Lancelot du Lac 880: 878:Revival efforts 856:Fifth Republics 831:Bertrand Barère 792: 781: 774: 763: 756: 686: 680: 663:Scottish Gaelic 629:, making it an 569: 568: 547: 540: 510: 506: 480:Without proper 468: 467: 451: 413: 396: 383: 380: 367: 366: 361: 360: 354: 353: 345: 335: 334: 327: 317: 316: 309: 283: 269: 267: 260:Official status 249: 244: 231: 225: 219: 204: 194: 187: 145: 142:Language family 140: 133: 124: 120: 119:Native speakers 60: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15893: 15883: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15816: 15811: 15809:European Union 15805: 15803: 15802:Other entities 15799: 15798: 15796: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15759: 15757: 15756:other entities 15751: 15750: 15748: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15721: 15719: 15713: 15712: 15710: 15709: 15704: 15703: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15680:United Kingdom 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15493:Czech Republic 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15434: 15432: 15428: 15427: 15420: 15419: 15412: 15405: 15397: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15384: 15377: 15371: 15368: 15367: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15314: 15311: 15310: 15300: 15299: 15296: 15295: 15293: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15250:Gaelic warfare 15246: 15244: 15238: 15237: 15235: 15234: 15229: 15226:Cyfraith Hywel 15223: 15217: 15215: 15209: 15208: 15192: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15180: 15175: 15173:Deeside Gaelic 15170: 15164: 15162: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15151: 15146: 15144:Hispano-Celtic 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15099:Proto-Goidelic 15096: 15091: 15085: 15083: 15074: 15068: 15067: 15065: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15048: 15046: 15040: 15039: 15037: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15020: 15018: 15012: 15011: 15009: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14992: 14990: 14984: 14983: 14971: 14970: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14951:Celtic society 14948: 14946:Celtic Revival 14943: 14938: 14932: 14930: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14920: 14914:United Ireland 14911: 14906: 14901: 14895: 14893: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14869: 14867: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14859: 14858: 14857: 14847: 14846: 14845: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14819: 14818: 14808: 14807: 14806: 14801: 14790: 14788: 14784: 14783: 14773: 14772: 14769: 14768: 14765: 14764: 14762: 14761: 14759:Welsh handball 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14739:Highland games 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14672: 14666: 14664: 14660: 14659: 14657: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14625: 14624: 14615: 14606: 14597: 14582: 14580: 14574: 14573: 14570: 14569: 14567: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14535: 14533: 14526: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14484: 14482: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14472: 14467: 14465:Gaelic culture 14461: 14459: 14455: 14454: 14452: 14451: 14446: 14444:Highland dress 14441: 14436: 14430: 14428: 14424: 14423: 14421: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14408:Pictish stones 14405: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14364: 14363: 14353: 14347: 14345: 14339: 14338: 14336: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14304: 14302: 14298: 14297: 14295: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14228: 14226: 14216: 14215: 14205: 14204: 14201: 14200: 14197: 14196: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14173: 14171: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14163: 14151: 14139: 14127: 14115: 14103: 14090: 14088: 14078: 14069: 14068: 14067: 14066: 14061: 14051: 14046: 14045: 14044: 14034: 14033: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14012: 14010:Celtic nations 14007: 14005:Celtic Revival 14001: 13998: 13997: 13985: 13984: 13981: 13980: 13978: 13977: 13972: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13861: 13859: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13820: 13818: 13814: 13813: 13811: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13778:Celtic Animism 13775: 13773:Celtic deities 13770: 13765: 13759: 13757: 13753: 13752: 13750: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13732:Cisalpine Gaul 13729: 13728: 13727: 13722: 13704: 13695: 13670: 13661: 13659:Gaelic Ireland 13655: 13653: 13649: 13648: 13636: 13635: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13557:Manx Americans 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13532:Irish Chileans 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13497:English people 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13468: 13466: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13458: 13456:Welsh diaspora 13453: 13448: 13446:Irish diaspora 13443: 13437: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13427: 13426: 13425: 13424: 13423: 13412: 13407: 13406: 13405: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13373: 13371: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13300: 13298: 13286: 13285: 13273: 13272: 13253:Celtic studies 13245:Celtic nations 13243: 13240: 13239: 13228: 13227: 13220: 13213: 13205: 13196: 13195: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13182: 13176: 13174: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13095: 13093: 13089: 13088: 13086: 13085: 13080: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13022:French Flemish 13018: 13013: 13003: 12998: 12984: 12983: 12982: 12971: 12969: 12965: 12964: 12962: 12961: 12955: 12953: 12949: 12948: 12934: 12933: 12926: 12919: 12911: 12902: 12901: 12892: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12869: 12863: 12857: 12850: 12848: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12834: 12828: 12822: 12816: 12810: 12807:Lower Brittany 12803: 12801: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12793: 12788: 12782: 12780: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12770: 12767:Paleo-Hispanic 12758: 12746: 12734: 12726: 12714: 12705: 12703: 12699: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12690: 12689: 12677: 12672: 12671: 12670: 12657: 12650: 12643: 12631: 12623: 12621: 12615: 12614: 12611: 12610: 12608: 12607: 12599: 12597: 12593: 12592: 12590: 12589: 12588: 12587: 12580: 12568: 12560: 12558: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12548: 12543: 12537: 12535: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12525: 12517: 12515: 12508: 12497: 12495:Insular Celtic 12491: 12490: 12488: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12472: 12471: 12464: 12454:Hispano-Celtic 12450: 12449: 12448: 12434: 12426: 12424: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12412: 12404: 12402: 12398: 12397: 12390: 12389: 12382: 12375: 12367: 12361: 12360: 12349: 12348: 12341:Jouitteau, M. 12339: 12336: 12331: 12320: 12319: 12314: 12303: 12302: 12280: 12275:Ogmios Project 12266: 12247:blog.breizh.bz 12239: 12228: 12207: 12196: 12186: 12175: 12174:External links 12172: 12171: 12170: 12163: 12153: 12146: 12137: 12134:Breton Grammar 12130: 12123: 12111: 12106:978-2868630520 12105: 12091: 12090: 12086: 12085: 12079: 12066: 12060: 12047: 12041: 12028: 12022: 12005: 11997: 11996: 11992: 11991: 11986:978-0521231275 11985: 11968: 11963:978-0415280808 11962: 11945: 11935: 11934: 11923: 11922: 11896: 11871: 11846: 11840:978-1317421917 11839: 11821: 11816:United Nations 11803: 11785: 11770: 11755: 11708: 11682: 11638: 11631: 11608: 11605:. p. 364. 11584: 11578:978-0901282637 11577: 11559: 11544: 11529: 11522: 11514:Breton Grammar 11497: 11479: 11458: 11429: 11415: 11389: 11374: 11349: 11334: 11307: 11293: 11282:. Ofis-bzh.org 11271: 11241: 11215: 11196: 11186:Celtic Culture 11175: 11169:978-3039113651 11168: 11150: 11125: 11111: 11089: 11071: 11064: 11040: 11026:(2): 291–308. 11010: 10981: 10974: 10956: 10939: 10917: 10902: 10880: 10857: 10841: 10816: 10801:Diamond, Jared 10793: 10778: 10767: 10737: 10717: 10693: 10659: 10658: 10651: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10636: 10631: 10628:Julian Maunoir 10625: 10622:Gaelic revival 10619: 10612: 10609: 10590: 10587: 10555:("bread") and 10446: 10443: 10440: 10439: 10432: 10425: 10418: 10411: 10404: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10385: 10378: 10371: 10364: 10357: 10350: 10346: 10345: 10338: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10310: 10303: 10299: 10298: 10284: 10277: 10270: 10263: 10256: 10249: 10245: 10244: 10230: 10216: 10209: 10202: 10195: 10188: 10184: 10183: 10169: 10155: 10141: 10134: 10127: 10120: 10116: 10115: 10112: 10105: 10098: 10091: 10084: 10077: 10073: 10072: 10065:'stag', 'ox'; 10058: 10057:'stag', 'ox';) 10044: 10037: 10030: 10023: 10020:mouton, brebis 10016: 10012: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9983: 9976: 9969: 9965: 9964: 9957: 9950: 9943: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9918: 9917: 9910: 9903: 9896: 9889: 9882: 9875: 9871: 9870: 9863: 9856: 9849: 9842: 9835: 9828: 9824: 9823: 9816: 9809: 9802: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9777: 9776: 9769: 9762: 9755: 9748: 9741: 9734: 9730: 9729: 9722: 9715: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9668: 9661:(verbal noun, 9654: 9647: 9640: 9633: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9614:(verbal noun, 9607: 9593: 9586: 9579: 9572: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9552: 9541: 9534: 9527: 9520: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9462: 9461: 9447: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9419: 9412: 9408: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9365: 9361: 9360: 9353: 9346: 9339: 9332: 9325: 9318: 9314: 9313: 9299: 9285: 9271: 9264: 9257: 9250: 9246: 9245: 9238: 9231: 9224: 9217: 9210: 9203: 9199: 9198: 9191: 9177: 9170: 9163: 9156: 9153:blanc, blanche 9149: 9145: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9123: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9098: 9097: 9083: 9069: 9062: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9037: 9036: 9022: 9008: 9001: 8994: 8987: 8980: 8976: 8975: 8961: 8947: 8940: 8933: 8926: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8900: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8872: 8865: 8861: 8860: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8815:chien, chienne 8811: 8807: 8806: 8799: 8792: 8785: 8778: 8771: 8764: 8760: 8759: 8752: 8745: 8738: 8731: 8724: 8717: 8713: 8712: 8698: 8691: 8684: 8677: 8670: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8651: 8644: 8637: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8597: 8590: 8583: 8576: 8569: 8562: 8558: 8557: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8515: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8496: 8489: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8457: 8456: 8453: 8450: 8447: 8444: 8441: 8438: 8431: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8421: 8411: 8410: 8409:always at sea 8407: 8399: 8398: 8395: 8387: 8386: 8380: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8358: 8357: 8341: 8333: 8332: 8329: 8321: 8320: 8311: 8301: 8300: 8294: 8284: 8283: 8280: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8260: 8259: 8256: 8248: 8247: 8244: 8236: 8235: 8232: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8211: 8210: 8204: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8184: 8183: 8180: 8177:deuet mat ocʼh 8172: 8171: 8168: 8160: 8159: 8156: 8143:all directions 8133:tourist office 8129:police station 8121:Quimper/Kemper 8112: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8040: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8011: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7971: 7956: 7941: 7934: 7923: 7912: 7897: 7874: 7855: 7836: 7787: 7643:enep(g)wirione 7490: 7418: 7407: 7374: 7363: 7356: 7310: 7248: 7178: 7135: 7080: 7049: 7030: 7023: 7016: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6738: 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6172:English gloss 6170: 6162: 6154: 6150:Etrerannyezhel 6087: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6044: 6043: 6027: 6024: 6006:etrerannyezhel 5824: 5821: 5816: 5813: 5795: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5746: 5738: 5727: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5697: 5689: 5678: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5648: 5640: 5632: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5599: 5588: 5578: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5540: 5522: 5483: 5482: 5462: 5460: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5207:Main article: 5204: 5201: 5193:, South Wales 5187:, North Wales 5184:mae car gennym 5175:literary Welsh 5128: 5127: 5124: 5114: 5104: 5094: 5084: 5074: 5045: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5009: 4999: 4989: 4979: 4969: 4959: 4929: 4921: 4913: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899:we have a car 4897: 4887: 4877: 4867: 4857: 4847: 4818: 4806: 4798: 4790: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4764: 4754: 4744: 4734: 4724: 4697: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4655: 4645: 4635: 4625: 4615: 4607:a computer is 4588: 4580: 4572: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4546: 4536: 4526: 4516: 4506: 4476: 4468: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4446:I have a book 4444: 4434: 4424: 4414: 4404: 4394: 4367: 4359: 4351: 4343: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4268: 4258: 4247: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4217: 4207: 4204:gant ma amezeg 4195: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4163: 4160: 4025:"partridge" → 3645: 3642: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3556:Breton grammar 3554:Main article: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3531: 3502:St. Barthélemy 3498:St. Allouestre 3433: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3399: 3397: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3356: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3185: 3173: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3130: 3114: 3100: 3088: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3054: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3024: 3022: 3010: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2981: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2951: 2949: 2937: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2901: 2899: 2887: 2885: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2721: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2627: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482:Saint-Herblain 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2387: 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1677: 1674: 1661: 1658: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1438:Pays de Brest 1435: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1278:county of Léon 1246: 1243: 1186:Diwanit bugale 1183:in Oslo with " 1169:and Facebook. 1125:policy asking 1070:Youenn Gwernig 879: 876: 690:Lower Brittany 679: 676: 498: 497: 484:, you may see 470: 469: 462: 461: 453: 452: 449: 441: 440: 437: 431: 430: 425: 419: 418: 411: 403: 402: 394: 390: 389: 381: 376: 373: 372: 350: 342: 341: 332: 324: 323: 314: 306: 305: 304:Language codes 301: 300: 291: 285: 284: 282: 281: 272: 270: 265: 262: 261: 257: 256: 250: 246:Writing system 243: 240: 239: 210: 206: 205: 203: 202: 201:Middle Breton 197: 195: 192: 189: 188: 186: 185: 184: 183: 182: 181: 180: 179: 178: 177: 160:Insular Celtic 148: 146: 139: 136: 135: 121: 118: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 102:Lower Brittany 99: 95: 94: 84: 83:Native to 80: 79: 66: 62: 61: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15892: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15832: 15830: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15806: 15804: 15800: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15768:Faroe Islands 15766: 15764: 15761: 15760: 15758: 15752: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15740:South Ossetia 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15722: 15720: 15714: 15708: 15705: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15682: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15565:Liechtenstein 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15435: 15433: 15429: 15425: 15418: 15413: 15411: 15406: 15404: 15399: 15398: 15395: 15382: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15369: 15359: 15358:– in Portugal 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15338:– in Galician 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15315: 15312: 15305: 15301: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15247: 15245: 15243: 15239: 15233: 15230: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15218: 15216: 15214: 15210: 15206: 15202: 15197: 15193: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15156: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15086: 15084: 15082: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15069: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15045: 15041: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15021: 15019: 15017: 15013: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14976: 14972: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14936:Celtic League 14934: 14933: 14931: 14929: 14928:Pan-Celticism 14925: 14919: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14896: 14894: 14890: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14870: 14868: 14864: 14856: 14853: 14852: 14851: 14848: 14844: 14841: 14840: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14817: 14814: 14813: 14812: 14809: 14805: 14804:reunification 14802: 14800: 14797: 14796: 14795: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14785: 14778: 14774: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14719: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14694: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14677: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14661: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14623: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14592: 14589: 14588: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14581: 14579: 14575: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14536: 14534: 14530: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14485: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14462: 14460: 14456: 14450: 14447: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14431: 14429: 14425: 14419: 14418:Triple spiral 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14362: 14359: 14358: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14348: 14346: 14344: 14340: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14305: 14303: 14299: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14237:Bardic Poetry 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14225: 14221: 14217: 14210: 14206: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14168: 14160: 14155: 14152: 14148: 14143: 14140: 14136: 14131: 14128: 14124: 14119: 14116: 14112: 14107: 14104: 14100: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14085:Celtic League 14082: 14079: 14077: 14073: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14056: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14043: 14040: 14039: 14038: 14035: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14025:Celtic League 14023: 14021: 14018: 14017: 14016: 14015:Pan-Celticism 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13990: 13986: 13976: 13973: 13970: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13915:Gaelicisation 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13890:Celticisation 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13856: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13819: 13815: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13760: 13758: 13754: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13699: 13698:Iron Age Gaul 13696: 13694: 13690: 13686: 13682: 13681:Roman Britain 13678: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13656: 13654: 13650: 13646: 13641: 13637: 13632: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13537:Irish Mexican 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13467: 13463: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13432: 13422: 13418: 13417: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13404: 13400: 13399: 13398: 13395: 13394: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13374: 13372: 13370: 13366: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13278: 13274: 13270: 13266: 13262: 13261:Celtic tribes 13258: 13254: 13250: 13246: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13226: 13221: 13219: 13214: 13212: 13207: 13206: 13203: 13193: 13187: 13181: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13171: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13090: 13084: 13081: 13078: 13077:Vivaro-Alpine 13074: 13070: 13066: 13062: 13058: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13023: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13011: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12985: 12981: 12978: 12977: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12966: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12941: 12932: 12927: 12925: 12920: 12918: 12913: 12912: 12909: 12899: 12895: 12890: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12873: 12870: 12867: 12864: 12861: 12858: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12845: 12838: 12837:Y Fro Gymraeg 12835: 12832: 12831:Gàidhealtachd 12829: 12826: 12823: 12820: 12817: 12814: 12811: 12808: 12805: 12804: 12802: 12798: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12775: 12768: 12764: 12763: 12759: 12756: 12752: 12751: 12747: 12744: 12740: 12739: 12735: 12732: 12731: 12727: 12724: 12720: 12719: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12707: 12706: 12704: 12700: 12688: 12687: 12683: 12682: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12669: 12668: 12663: 12662: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12644: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12636: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12629: 12625: 12624: 12622: 12620: 12616: 12606: 12605: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12594: 12586: 12585: 12581: 12579: 12578: 12574: 12573: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12566: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12553: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12530: 12524: 12523: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12514:Reconstructed 12512: 12509: 12505: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12492: 12486: 12485: 12481: 12479: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12469: 12465: 12463: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12456: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12446: 12442: 12441: 12440: 12439: 12435: 12433: 12432: 12428: 12427: 12425: 12423: 12422: 12417: 12411: 12410: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12401:Reconstructed 12399: 12395: 12388: 12383: 12381: 12376: 12374: 12369: 12368: 12365: 12359: 12356: 12355: 12354: 12353: 12346: 12345: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12324: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12308: 12307: 12291: 12287: 12286: 12281: 12277:, Summerlands 12276: 12272: 12267: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12243:"Blog Breizh" 12240: 12235: 12234: 12229: 12218: 12214: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12193: 12192: 12187: 12184: 12181: 12178: 12177: 12168: 12164: 12162:(repr. 2011). 12159: 12154: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12138: 12135: 12131: 12128: 12124: 12120: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12102: 12098: 12093: 12092: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12080:9783934106802 12076: 12072: 12067: 12063: 12061:9783934106802 12057: 12053: 12048: 12044: 12042:9783934106802 12038: 12034: 12029: 12025: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12006: 12003: 11999: 11998: 11994: 11993: 11988: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11969: 11965: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11946: 11942: 11937: 11936: 11932: 11931: 11930: 11929: 11910: 11906: 11900: 11885: 11884:The Economist 11881: 11875: 11860: 11856: 11850: 11842: 11836: 11832: 11825: 11817: 11813: 11807: 11799: 11795: 11789: 11781: 11774: 11766: 11759: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11739: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11719: 11712: 11705: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11678: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11663: 11661: 11659: 11657: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11643: 11634: 11628: 11624: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11604: 11597: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11589: 11580: 11574: 11570: 11563: 11555: 11548: 11540: 11533: 11525: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11507: 11506:Hemon, Roparz 11501: 11493: 11489: 11483: 11475: 11471: 11465: 11463: 11456: 11454: 11447: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11425: 11419: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11385: 11378: 11363: 11362:carla.umn.edu 11359: 11353: 11346: 11345:Diwan FAQ, #6 11338: 11327: 11320: 11319: 11311: 11303: 11297: 11281: 11275: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11245: 11230: 11226: 11219: 11211: 11207: 11200: 11193: 11189: 11187: 11179: 11171: 11165: 11161: 11154: 11139: 11135: 11129: 11121: 11115: 11107: 11103: 11099: 11093: 11085: 11081: 11075: 11067: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11052: 11044: 11038: 11033: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11014: 10998: 10994: 10993: 10985: 10977: 10975:9780802083654 10971: 10967: 10960: 10953: 10952:2-911447-94-8 10949: 10943: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10921: 10913: 10906: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10885: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10861: 10854: 10850: 10845: 10830: 10826: 10820: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10797: 10789: 10782: 10774: 10770: 10764: 10760: 10753: 10752: 10744: 10742: 10733: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10713: 10712: 10705: 10704: 10697: 10681: 10677: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10660: 10657: 10656: 10643: 10642: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10614: 10608: 10605: 10599: 10595: 10586: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10565: 10559: 10553: 10547: 10541: 10538: 10532: 10527: 10521: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10497: 10490: 10485: 10479: 10473: 10460: 10437: 10433: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10412: 10409: 10405: 10402: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10365: 10362: 10358: 10355: 10351: 10348: 10347: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10318: 10315: 10311: 10308: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10289: 10285: 10282: 10278: 10275: 10271: 10268: 10264: 10261: 10257: 10254: 10250: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10221: 10217: 10214: 10210: 10207: 10203: 10200: 10196: 10193: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10180: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10160: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10142: 10139: 10135: 10132: 10128: 10125: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10113: 10110: 10106: 10103: 10099: 10096: 10092: 10089: 10085: 10082: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10069: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10049: 10045: 10042: 10038: 10035: 10031: 10028: 10024: 10021: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9991: 9988: 9984: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9955: 9951: 9948: 9944: 9941: 9937: 9934: 9930: 9927: 9923: 9920: 9919: 9915: 9914:uisce, dobhar 9911: 9908: 9904: 9901: 9897: 9894: 9890: 9887: 9883: 9880: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9861: 9857: 9854: 9850: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9836: 9833: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9814: 9810: 9807: 9803: 9800: 9796: 9793: 9789: 9786: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9767: 9763: 9760: 9756: 9753: 9749: 9746: 9742: 9739: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9709: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9679: 9675:(participle, 9673: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9645: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9618: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9600:(verbal noun 9598: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9584: 9580: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9557: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9528: 9525: 9521: 9518: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9495: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9474: 9471: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9458: 9452: 9448: 9445: 9441: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9427: 9424: 9420: 9417: 9416:jour, journée 9413: 9410: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9398: 9394: 9391: 9387: 9384: 9380: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9366: 9363: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9351: 9347: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9310: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9258: 9255: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9236: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9218: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9178: 9175: 9171: 9168: 9164: 9161: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9124: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9094: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9002: 8999: 8995: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8981: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8948: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8927: 8924: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8911: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8851: 8850:gadhar, madra 8847: 8844: 8840: 8837: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8797: 8793: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8779: 8776: 8772: 8769: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8746: 8743: 8739: 8736: 8732: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8703: 8699: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8685: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8520: 8516: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8393: 8389: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8353: 8350:ur grampouezh 8346: 8342: 8339: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8278: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8174: 8173: 8169: 8166: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8150: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8054:Lord's Prayer 8044: 8041: 8038: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8000: 7997: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7975: 7972: 7960: 7957: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7935: 7927: 7924: 7916: 7913: 7901: 7898: 7878: 7875: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7788: 7776: 7774: 7766: 7765: 7757: 7756: 7748: 7747: 7739: 7738: 7730: 7729: 7721: 7720: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7700: 7692: 7691: 7683: 7682: 7674: 7673: 7665: 7664: 7656: 7655: 7647: 7646: 7638: 7637: 7629: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7607: 7606: 7598: 7597: 7590: 7588: 7580: 7578: 7570: 7568: 7560: 7558: 7550: 7548: 7540: 7539: 7531: 7529: 7521: 7520: 7512: 7511: 7503: 7502: 7494: 7491: 7483: 7482: 7474: 7473: 7465: 7464: 7456: 7455: 7447: 7446: 7438: 7437: 7422: 7419: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7378: 7375: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7314: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7291:may be used: 7285: 7283: 7275: 7273: 7265: 7263: 7252: 7249: 7245: 7243: 7236: 7234: 7227: 7225: 7218: 7216: 7209: 7207: 7200: 7198: 7191: 7189: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7139: 7136: 7084: 7081: 7053: 7050: 7034: 7031: 7029:Word-finally. 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7015:"O Brittany". 7013: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6993: 6988: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6823: 6822: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6800: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6664: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6190: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6131: 6124: 6121: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6098: 6085: 6079: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5972: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5911:In the 1830s 5909: 5877: 5872:to represent 5852: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5838: 5837:orthographies 5834: 5830: 5820: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5793: 5787: 5782: 5779: 5774: 5771: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5744: 5741: 5736: 5730: 5725: 5722: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5695: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5676: 5673: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5646: 5643: 5638: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5597: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5573: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501:V2 word order 5498: 5494: 5490: 5479: 5470: 5466: 5463:This section 5461: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5238: 5228: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4924: 4919: 4916: 4911: 4908: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4833:ur cʼharr zo 4830: 4827: 4824: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4796: 4793: 4788: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4687: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4639:tá ríomhaire 4636: 4633: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4578: 4575: 4570: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4481: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4466: 4463: 4458: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4349: 4346: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4162:Verbal aspect 4159: 4156: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3988: 3987:vowel harmony 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3751: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3649: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3567: 3557: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3490:Noyal-Pontivy 3487: 3483: 3479: 3462: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2796: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2540:short or long 2526: 2523: 2522: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398:Saint-Nazaire 2396: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2347: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2320: 2318: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2169: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2153: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2113:Côtes-d'Armor 2111: 2110: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1813: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791:Diwan schools 1787: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1775: 1764: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1730: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1653: 1652: 1646: 1641: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1550:Pays d'Auray 1548: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1424:Trégor-Goelo 1422: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1380: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1307:cornouaillais 1302: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1251: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1114: 1107: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 996: 994: 993: 988: 987: 982: 981: 976: 975: 969: 968: 962: 961: 956: 952: 948: 947: 941: 939: 935: 934:Diwan schools 930: 927: 921: 920: 912: 906: 905: 899: 890: 884: 875: 872: 867: 865: 859: 857: 853: 849: 844: 842: 837: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 814: 808: 804: 801: 796: 787: 786:Modern Breton 769: 768:Middle Breton 751: 747: 746:philosophical 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 685: 675: 673: 672: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 615:Great Britain 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 588: 582: 572: 566: 562: 558: 553: 545: 544: 534: 504: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 477: 471: 466: 459: 454: 447: 442: 438: 436: 432: 429: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 410: 409: 404: 399: 395: 391: 388:Middle Breton 386: 382: 379: 378:Linguist List 374: 370: 364: 357: 351: 348: 343: 338: 333: 330: 325: 320: 315: 312: 307: 302: 298: 297: 292: 290: 286: 280: 277: 276: 275: 271: 263: 258: 254: 251: 247: 241: 237: 236: 229: 223: 217: 216: 211: 207: 200: 199: 196: 190: 176: 173: 172: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 162: 161: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150:Indo-European 147: 143: 137: 131: 130: 129:Île-de-France 122: 116: 113: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 85: 81: 77: 71: 67: 65:Pronunciation 63: 58: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 15745:Transnistria 15707:Vatican City 15375:Celts portal 15333:– in Spanish 15168:Arran Gaelic 15089:Proto-Celtic 15057:Bungi Creole 14995: 14956:Celtic unity 14892:Independence 14691: 14674: 14498:Gaelic music 14434:Celtic Dress 14383:High crosses 14373:Celtic cross 14351:Bell shrines 14282:Irish annals 14064:Neo-Druidism 14059:Celtic Wicca 14030:Celtic union 13994:Modern Celts 13885:Celtic women 13793:Celtic Rites 13742:Transylvania 13602:Ulster Scots 13472:Anglo-Celtic 13319:Celtiberians 13264: 13256: 13248: 13236:modern Celts 13119:Guadeloupean 13061:Languedocian 13000: 12893: 12765:? (possibly 12760: 12753:? (possibly 12748: 12741:? (possibly 12736: 12728: 12716: 12708: 12684: 12665: 12659: 12654:Middle Irish 12652: 12645: 12638: 12626: 12602: 12584:Middle Welsh 12582: 12575: 12563: 12540: 12520: 12482: 12475: 12466: 12459: 12452: 12443: 12436: 12429: 12419: 12409:Proto-Celtic 12407: 12351: 12350: 12342: 12322: 12321: 12306:Dictionaries 12305: 12304: 12294:, retrieved 12290:the original 12284: 12274: 12258:, retrieved 12251:the original 12246: 12232: 12221:, retrieved 12217:the original 12211: 12204:, Breizh net 12200: 12190: 12166: 12157: 12149: 12141: 12133: 12126: 12118: 12096: 12070: 12051: 12032: 12009: 12001: 11976: 11953: 11940: 11927: 11926: 11913:. Retrieved 11909:Ouest-France 11908: 11899: 11887:. Retrieved 11883: 11874: 11862:. Retrieved 11858: 11849: 11830: 11824: 11806: 11788: 11773: 11764: 11758: 11725: 11721: 11711: 11703: 11676: 11622: 11602: 11568: 11562: 11553: 11547: 11538: 11532: 11513: 11500: 11491: 11482: 11476:(in French). 11473: 11418: 11406:. Retrieved 11402:the original 11392: 11384:"Actualités" 11377: 11367:18 September 11365:. Retrieved 11361: 11352: 11337: 11317: 11310: 11304:(in French). 11296: 11284:. Retrieved 11274: 11262:. Retrieved 11258:the original 11253: 11244: 11232:. Retrieved 11218: 11212:(in French). 11209: 11199: 11192:Sta. Barbara 11190:. ABC-CLIO ( 11188:, pp. 250 ff 11185: 11178: 11159: 11153: 11143:18 September 11141:. Retrieved 11137: 11128: 11114: 11106:the original 11101: 11092: 11084:drouizig.org 11083: 11074: 11050: 11043: 11023: 11019: 11013: 11001:. Retrieved 10997:the original 10991: 10984: 10965: 10959: 10942: 10929: 10920: 10911: 10905: 10896: 10866: 10860: 10852: 10844: 10834:18 September 10832:. Retrieved 10828: 10819: 10804: 10796: 10787: 10781: 10750: 10731: 10696: 10684:. Retrieved 10679: 10654: 10653: 10592: 10542: 10495: 10488: 10448: 9691:chat, chatte 9524:korev (bier) 9505:blian/bliain 9306:(hair, etc. 9292:(hair, etc. 9228:gwyrdd, glas 8417:kouign amann 8404:war vor atav 8351: 8344: 8297: 8253:da bep lecʼh 8246:town centre 8207: 8148: 8142: 8138:da bep lecʼh 8132: 8128: 8124: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8042: 8030: 8019: 8018: 8015:Sample texts 7999: 7992: 7985: 7981:represents . 7974: 7959: 7944: 7937: 7926: 7915: 7911:in Gwenedeg. 7900: 7877: 7858: 7839: 7790: 7772: 7763: 7754: 7745: 7736: 7727: 7718: 7708: 7698: 7689: 7680: 7671: 7662: 7653: 7644: 7635: 7626: 7613: 7604: 7595: 7586: 7576: 7566: 7556: 7546: 7537: 7527: 7518: 7509: 7500: 7493: 7480: 7471: 7462: 7453: 7444: 7435: 7421: 7413:The digraph 7410: 7380:The digraph 7377: 7369:In front of 7366: 7359: 7313: 7281: 7271: 7261: 7251: 7241: 7232: 7223: 7214: 7205: 7196: 7187: 7181: 7145:the digraph 7138: 7083: 7052: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7006: 6999: 6998: 6971: 6962: 6951: 6935: 6906: 6897: 6861: 6851: 6842: 6765: 6741: 6732: 6722: 6711: 6699: 6683: 6674: 6647: 6628: 6561: 6549: 6520: 6508: 6496: 6437: 6125: 6102: 6089: 6052:grave accent 6045: 6035: 6032:Latin script 6029: 6019: 6017: 6002: 5973: 5952: 5947: 5917: 5910: 5878: 5846: 5840: 5826: 5818: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5788: 5785: 5780: 5777: 5772: 5769: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5742: 5739: 5731: 5728: 5723: 5720: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5693: 5690: 5682: 5679: 5674: 5671: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5644: 5641: 5636: 5633: 5625: 5622: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5592: 5589: 5582: 5579: 5574: 5571: 5549:+ infinitive 5548: 5537:+ infinitive 5536: 5497:main clauses 5486: 5473: 5469:adding to it 5464: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5414: 5409: 5398: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5350: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5318: 5313: 5302: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5267: 5262: 5254: 5212: 5172: 5149: 5145: 5137: 5131: 5119: 5109: 5108:tha airgead 5099: 5089: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5060:arcʼhant zo 5059: 5055: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5021: 5004: 4994: 4984: 4974: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4944: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4917: 4909: 4892: 4882: 4872: 4862: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4786: 4769: 4768:ta lhiannoo 4759: 4758:tha leanabh 4749: 4739: 4738:mae plentyn 4729: 4721: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4710:ur bugel zo 4709: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4677: 4660: 4650: 4640: 4630: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4576: 4568: 4551: 4541: 4531: 4521: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4464: 4456: 4439: 4429: 4428:tha leabhar 4419: 4409: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4355: 4347: 4284: 4271: 4262: 4252: 4241: 4230: 4221: 4211: 4201: 4165: 4157: 4106: 4045: 3960: 3909: 3894: 3891: 3884: 3880: 3853: 3849: 3832: 3811: 3766:"parks" and 3752: 3721: 3702: 3695: 3686: 3676:) and ears ( 3650: 3647: 3639: 3631:"night" and 3618: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3573: 3564: 3542: 3534: 3533:The digraph 3460: 3401: 3387: 3358: 3344: 3332: 3319: 3283: 3260: 3237: 3233: 3217: 3201: 3189: 3175: 3148: 3132: 3120: 3116: 3103: 3090: 3060: 3056: 3044: 3026: 3012: 2987: 2983: 2971: 2953: 2939: 2903: 2889: 2875: 2790: 2774: 2762: 2739: 2723: 2711: 2692: 2676: 2664: 2645: 2629: 2617: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2537: 2508: 2504: 2468:Saint-Brieuc 2325: 2178:Saint-Rivoal 1848: 1819: 1799: 1788: 1769: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1700: 1679: 1676:Constitution 1663: 1348:Batz-sur-Mer 1263: 1256: 1241:(Corsican). 1171: 1108: 1095: 1093: 1086: 1082:Alan Stivell 1058:Anjela Duval 1054:Roparz Hemon 1043: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1019: 1013: 997: 990: 984: 978: 972: 958: 944: 942: 931: 898:Roparz Hemon 895: 889:Burzudus eo! 868: 860: 845: 797: 795:to present. 785: 767: 749: 706:Saint-Brieuc 693: 687: 669: 667: 612: 502: 501: 473: 435:Linguasphere 406: 253:Latin script 174: 29: 15783:Isle of Man 15718:recognition 15665:Switzerland 15600:Netherlands 15290:Trimarcisia 15275:Gallóglaigh 15104:Celtiberian 14828:Isle of Man 14787:Nationalism 14676:Bataireacht 14595:Calan Gaeaf 14554:Isle of Man 14398:Leaf-crowns 14388:Insular art 14361:Dragonesque 14323:Isle of Man 14177:Nova Scotia 14130:Isle of Man 14054:Neopaganism 13803:Monasticism 13314:Caledonians 13129:Martiniquan 12507:(Brythonic) 12461:Celtiberian 11442:(in Breton) 11342:(in French) 11254:France Info 11003:25 February 10546:baragouiner 10537:Tremenheere 10237:'tonight'; 10223:'tonight'; 10114:níos fearr 9926:vrai, vraie 9785:mort, morte 9583:mones (mos) 9242:uaine, glas 9235:uaine, glas 9207:vert, verte 9106:noir, noire 8803:duine, fear 8796:duine, fear 8763:person, man 8392:yecʼhed mat 8282:university 7306:rakdïazezañ 7079:represent . 7055:Unstressed 6922:ul, un, ur 6166:Skolveurieg 6097:Skolveurieg 6078:Skolveurieg 5991:Skolveurieg 5926:Cornouaille 5823:Orthography 5158:, Scottish 5098:tá airgead 4953:with-you.PL 4951:a house is 4716:a child is 4500:with-you.SG 4498:a drink is 4492:un died zo 4418:tá leabhar 4380:ul levr zo 4176:progressive 4007:"cousins"; 4001:"cousin" → 3985:triggers a 3747:peskedennoù 3705:singulative 3514:Île de Sein 3301:Approximant 2557:due to the 2414:(Finistère) 2386:(Finistère) 2278:(Finistère) 2222:(Finistère) 2180:(Finistère) 1385:Population 1314:Cornouaille 1191:Dan Ar Braz 1045:Perry Mason 1006:Radio Kerne 871:monolingual 819:reactionary 793: 1650 782: 1650 775: 1100 764: 1100 726:bourgeoisie 698:Breizh-Izel 625:during the 608:continental 488:instead of 198:Old Breton 193:Early forms 59:in Brittany 15829:Categories 15635:San Marino 15595:Montenegro 15575:Luxembourg 15555:Kazakhstan 15458:Azerbaijan 15353:– in Italy 15255:Ceathairne 15119:Gallaecian 14749:Road bowls 14654:Eisteddfod 14622:Calan Awst 14618:Lughnasadh 14224:Literature 14087:definition 13910:Clan chief 13702:Roman Gaul 13693:Hen Ogledd 13419:including 13401:including 13190:See also: 12833:(Scotland) 12809:(Brittany) 12762:Tartessian 12738:Lusitanian 12468:Gallaecian 12296:20 January 12223:15 October 12201:Endangered 12012:. Dublin: 11915:6 February 11889:6 February 11632:041528080X 11264:1 November 11229:Al Jazeera 10897:breizh.net 10650:References 10617:Armoricani 10579:, Cornish 10436:geimhreadh 9214:gwer, glas 8904:díol, reic 8613:nourriture 8347:pancake = 8343:pancakes ( 8338:krampouezh 8296:pipe band 8234:town hall 8208:(language) 7977:In Leoneg 7962:In Leoneg 7947:In Leoneg 7679:kengarante 6123:"bigger". 6105:obstruents 6064:diacritics 6048:circumflex 5997:Brud Nevez 5847:Catholicon 5842:Catholicon 5815:Vocabulary 5510:infinitive 5504:meaning): 5448:Word order 5235:Mutations 5232:consonant 5088:mae arian 4993:tha taigh 4748:tá leanbh 4728:yma flogh 4574:urzhiataer 4540:tha deoch 4510:yma diwes 4408:mae llyfr 4398:yma lyver 4386:a book is 4231:am talking 4086:"tooth" → 3750:"fishes". 3717:"mice" is 3679:divskouarn 2799:Consonants 2793:/ai,ei,ou/ 2454:Saint-Malo 2442:(Morbihan) 2428:(Morbihan) 2348:Population 2343:Percentage 2306:(Morbihan) 2264:(Morbihan) 2170:Population 2165:Percentage 2082:Department 1816:Statistics 1784:Toubon Law 1638:See also: 1621:4,560,000 1339:Guérandais 1290:trégorrois 1119:Spilhennig 1097:Catholicon 823:monarchist 757: 800 750:Old Breton 728:, adopted 682:See also: 610:grouping. 598:spoken in 401:Old Breton 352:Variously: 125:16,000 in 15773:Gibraltar 15570:Lithuania 15285:Redshanks 15260:Ceithearn 14988:Brittonic 14980:Languages 14613:Calan Mai 14604:Gŵyl Fair 14578:Festivals 14393:Interlace 13817:Mythology 13725:Gallaecia 13339:Galatians 13180:Guillemet 13159:Wallisian 13073:Provençal 13069:Auvergnat 12896:indicate 12866:Gaelscoil 12862:(Cornish) 12821:(Ireland) 12819:Gaeltacht 12755:Tyrsenian 12647:Old Irish 12577:Old Welsh 12504:Brittonic 11933:Overviews 11859:icann.org 11750:148910543 11742:0079-1636 11286:3 October 11056:Routledge 10992:Ken Tuch' 10686:9 October 10429:geamhradh 10291:, (south 10274:gwreiddyn 10267:gwreydhen 10260:gwrizienn 10051:'sheep' ( 9678:ag teacht 9470:an, année 9181:bàn, geal 9029:(archaic 9015:(archaic 8957:biadhaich 8782:den, gour 8775:den, gour 8376:chouchenn 8316:fest deiz 8277:skol-veur 8241:kreiz-kêr 8201:brezhoneg 8194:Brittany 8165:deuet mat 7823:"sense", 7799:"river", 7661:falsvonei 6432:Gwenedeg 6429:Tregiereg 6158:Peurunvan 6136:brezhonek 6130:brezhoneg 6084:Peurunvan 6036:Peurunvan 5980:graphemes 5956:Peurunvan 5699:brezhoneg 5650:brezhoneg 5601:brezhoneg 5514:auxiliary 5249:Aspirant 5230:Unmutated 5118:ta argid 5078:yma mona 5068:with-them 5066:money is 5041:with-them 4983:tá teach 4945:un ti zo 4937:with-you. 4851:yma karr 4839:a car is 4550:ta jough 4530:tá deoch 4520:mae diod 4484:with-you. 4438:ta lioar 4202:zo o komz 4122:porcʼhell 4113:"girl" → 4104:"ropes". 4098:"rope" → 4092:"teeth"; 4080:"wings"; 4074:"wing" → 4019:"crows"; 4013:"crow" → 3741:peskedenn 3694:diskouarn 3685:daoulagad 3673:daoulagad 3518:Finistère 3510:Belle-Île 3506:Pluvigner 3494:Pluméliau 3486:Cléguérec 3461:Peurunvan 3170:voiceless 3079:Fricative 3007:voiceless 2660:Close-mid 2601:unrounded 2591:unrounded 2547:nasalized 2529:Phonology 2248:Rostrenen 2093:Finistère 1795:immersion 1758:Education 1595:1,300,000 1567:1,900,000 1399:1,300,000 1329:vannetais 1283:tregerieg 1276:, of the 1157:Microsoft 1147:signed a 1010:Finistère 938:immersion 932:In 1977, 923:replaced 839:" to the 712:(east of 704:(west of 561:brezhoneg 408:Glottolog 347:ISO 639-3 329:ISO 639-2 311:ISO 639-1 235:Tregerieg 165:Brittonic 108:Ethnicity 42:brezhoneg 15850:Brittany 15793:Svalbard 15778:Guernsey 15725:Abkhazia 15695:Scotland 15650:Slovenia 15645:Slovakia 15620:Portugal 15478:Bulgaria 15270:Gaesatae 15161:dialects 15124:Lepontic 15114:Galatian 15016:Goidelic 14866:Autonomy 14781:Politics 14734:Rounders 14586:Calendar 14559:Scotland 14544:Cornwall 14539:Brittany 14427:Clothing 14378:Knotwork 14356:Brooches 14328:Scotland 14313:Cornwall 14308:Brittany 14187:Y Wladfa 14142:Scotland 14106:Cornwall 14094:Brittany 13945:Seanchaí 13940:Tanistry 13900:Derbfine 13829:Scottish 13720:Brittany 13716:Domnonée 13712:Armorica 13707:Britonia 13689:Dumnonia 13664:Dálriata 13349:Lepontii 13344:Helvetii 13329:Gallaeci 13173:See also 13154:Tahitian 13149:Shimaore 13109:Guianese 13065:Limousin 13024:dialect) 13016:Corsican 13012:dialect) 12856:(Breton) 12813:Y Wladfa 12730:Ligurian 12619:Goidelic 12477:Lepontic 12431:Galatian 12323:Learning 12117:(1951). 11950:"Breton" 11512:(2007). 11326:Archived 11234:30 March 11194:), 2006. 10934:Archived 10932:. 2012. 10926:"Breton" 10875:62381207 10773:Archived 10611:See also 10520:maen hir 10508:Maen hir 10484:maen sav 10478:maen hir 10389:samhradh 10382:samhradh 10243:'night' 10131:lavarout 10071:'sheep' 9498:bliadhna 9491:blwyddyn 8971:cothaigh 8876:gwerzhañ 8789:dyn, gŵr 8397:Cheers! 8331:goodbye 8307:fest-noz 8298:(nearly) 8170:welcome 8158:English 8060:Hon Tad, 7829:"bold", 7805:"heir", 7634:gwirione 7545:rakdïaze 7346:heuilhis 7012:â Vreizh 6423:Kerneveg 6342:ouzhpenn 6335:ouzhpenn 6120:brasocʼh 6026:Alphabet 5974:In 1955 5521:'to do'. 5476:May 2022 5181:(Formal 5090:ganddynt 5019:arcʼhant 5003:ta thie 4963:yma chi 4947:ganeocʼh 4932:ganeocʼh 4881:tha càr 4861:mae car 4718:with-her 4705:with-her 4609:with-him 4596:with-him 4577:computer 4337:English 4322:Cornish 4263:Labhraím 4193:English 4187:Cornish 4149:"dog" → 4137:"cow" → 4125:"pig" → 4116:mercʼhed 4004:kindirvi 3827:bugaleoù 3787:doureier 3769:parkeier 3625:"hour", 3589:nepreizh 3530:phoneme. 3445:lenition 2826:alveolar 2819:Alveolar 2707:Open-mid 2513:collèges 2392:146,519 2378:213,096 2364:290,943 2276:Lannilis 2103:Morbihan 1829:Div Yezh 1803:Div Yezh 1624:216,000 1358:Gwenedeg 1344:Guérande 1322:gwenedeg 1301:kerneveg 1235:Corsican 1161:Facebook 1001:Ken Tuch 919:Al Liamm 854:and now 800:minority 718:Armorica 619:Armorica 600:Brittany 587:Morbihan 494:Help:IPA 415:bret1244 279:Brittany 222:Kerneveg 215:Gwenedeg 209:Dialects 87:Brittany 57:Huelgoat 15685:England 15675:Ukraine 15625:Romania 15585:Moldova 15543:Ireland 15538:Iceland 15533:Hungary 15523:Germany 15518:Georgia 15508:Finland 15503:Estonia 15498:Denmark 15483:Croatia 15468:Belgium 15463:Belarus 15453:Austria 15448:Armenia 15443:Andorra 15438:Albania 15323:Deities 15280:Hobelar 15242:Warfare 15205:Warfare 15139:Pictish 15134:Cumbric 15109:Gaulish 15081:Extinct 15001:Cornish 14799:history 14744:Hurling 14718:Ladies' 14709:Curling 14682:Camogie 14609:Beltane 14591:Samhain 14549:Ireland 14318:Ireland 14213:Culture 14182:England 14118:Ireland 14076:Nations 13975:Coinage 13965:Warfare 13858:Society 13849:Cornish 13839:British 13747:Galatia 13737:Balkans 13645:Studies 13382:Cornish 13377:Bretons 13354:Noricum 13309:Britons 13282:Peoples 13164:Xaracuu 13144:Réunion 13134:Nengone 13124:Kibushi 13114:Futunan 13053:Occitan 13020:Dutch ( 13006:Catalan 12894:Italics 12868:(Irish) 12839:(Wales) 12750:Rhaetic 12723:Rhaetic 12718:Camunic 12702:Unknown 12604:Pictish 12596:Pictish 12565:Cumbric 12546:Cornish 12438:Gaulish 11204:EOLAS. 10803:(2012) 10582:goelann 10564:goéland 10503:Cornish 10472:peulvan 10229:'night' 10226:oidhche 10220:a-nochd 10182:speak) 10179:labhair 10165:labhair 10151:llefaru 10148:(also: 10138:leverel 9664:tighinn 9545:leann ( 9404:leabhar 9397:leabhar 9278:(also: 9190:'fair') 9090:(south 8907:trade, 8890:gwerthu 8883:gwertha 8859:hound) 8756:eaglais 8749:eaglais 8705:(south 8630:(older 8566:paradis 8522:(older 8446:Cornish 8437:English 8382:Breton 8270:school 8206:Breton 8135:, plus 8043:English 7854:"foot". 7835:"dear". 7817:) from 7762:morvlei 7717:abardae 7701:cʼhanet 7670:karante 7443:Gwiskri 7352:heulias 7334:heuliañ 7331:, e.g. 7174:blenias 7168:blegnis 7156:bleniañ 7153:, e.g. 7094:, i.e. 6521:Cʼh cʼh 6394:pelecʼh 6387:pelecʼh 6349:ouspenn 6328:of her 6169:(1956) 6117:"big", 5851:digraph 5675:reading 5645:reading 5441: 5406: 5403: 5393: 5345: 5297: 5272: 5164:, Manx 4975:gennych 4973:mae tŷ 4965:genowgh 4841:with-us 4823:ganeomp 4814:with-us 4388:with-me 4375:with-me 4319:Breton 4295:Cornish 4184:Breton 4168:English 4101:kerdenn 4095:kordenn 4028:klujiri 3998:kenderv 3842:bugelig 3806:keleier 3781:dourioù 3583:gwregel 3550:Grammar 3478:Pontivy 3378:lateral 3307:central 2928:Plosive 2846:Glottal 2831:Palatal 2606:rounded 2596:rounded 2579:Central 2490:44,364 2476:48,178 2462:50,206 2448:55,383 2434:59,805 2426:Lorient 2420:67,255 2412:Quimper 2406:71,046 2350:(2007) 2340:Commune 2304:Melrand 2220:Commana 2172:(2007) 2162:Commune 2087:(2022) 2068:± 2.3% 2057:± 2.2% 1914:± 1.4% 1720:/Vannes 1607:580,000 1581:450,000 1525:191,000 1511:126,000 1483:195,000 1469:212,000 1455:320,000 1441:370,000 1427:127,000 1413:112,000 1402:185,000 1382:Region 1371:Carhaix 1318:), and 1273:léonard 1237:), and 1131:Firefox 1074:Glenmor 1039:Columbo 986:Peanuts 951:Gaulish 946:Asterix 926:Gwalarn 911:Gwalarn 904:Gwalarn 744:. Some 722:Galicia 645:, both 643:Cumbric 635:Cornish 623:Britons 604:insular 594:of the 590:) is a 557:endonym 548:French: 490:Unicode 112:Bretons 15788:Jersey 15730:Kosovo 15670:Turkey 15660:Sweden 15640:Serbia 15630:Russia 15615:Poland 15610:Norway 15590:Monaco 15560:Latvia 15528:Greece 15513:France 15488:Cyprus 15318:Tribes 15265:Fianna 15052:Shelta 14996:Breton 14816:status 14754:Shinty 14729:Gouren 14693:Cnapan 14687:Cammag 14600:Imbolc 14523:Carnyx 14449:Tartan 14368:Carnyx 14135:Mannin 14111:Kernow 14099:Breizh 13969:Gaelic 13925:Fáinne 13870:Brehon 13844:Breton 13798:Druids 13652:Places 13359:Volcae 13304:Belgae 13265:· 13263: 13257:· 13255: 13249:· 13247: 13083:Picard 13057:Gascon 13048:Norman 13001:Breton 12987:Basque 12959:French 12874:(Manx) 12791:Shelta 12743:Italic 12541:Breton 12285:Breton 12260:7 July 12254:(blog) 12103: 12077: 12058: 12039: 12020: 11983: 11960: 11864:23 May 11837: 11748: 11740: 11629: 11575: 11520: 11408:9 July 11166: 11062: 10972: 10950: 10873: 10811: 10765: 10759:UNESCO 10576:gwylan 10570:gwelan 10514:menhir 10489:Dolmen 10466:menhir 10459:menhir 10452:dolmen 10396:winter 10349:summer 10342:iarann 10335:iarann 10328:haearn 10314:houarn 10294:préamh 10288:fréamh 10281:freumh 10253:racine 10234:anocht 10168:speak) 10145:siarad 10076:better 10027:dañvad 9994:gwraig 9484:bloodh 9454:(also 9350:buidhe 9317:yellow 9076:(fut. 9059:gweles 9052:gwelet 8974:feed) 8930:debriñ 8923:manger 8869:vendre 8742:eglwys 8721:église 8716:church 8667:maison 8561:heaven 8540:wybren 8500:talamh 8493:talamh 8455:Irish 8443:Breton 8440:French 8368:cider 8326:kenavo 8229:ti-kêr 8222:house 8219:, "ty" 8189:Breizh 8155:Breton 8031:Breton 7909:,,,and 7403:gouarn 7340:heuilh 7300:lïorzh 7284:azezañ 7208:o(cʼh) 7199:e(cʼh) 7000:Notes: 6984:, Ø, 6976:, Ø, 6426:Leoneg 6420:Letter 6406:where 6368:bravañ 6361:brawañ 6316:anezhi 6309:anezhi 6161:(1941) 6153:(1975) 6109:sandhi 5943:Treger 5931:Kernev 5884:with - 5833:French 5702:Breton 5672:O lenn 5653:Breton 5642:o lenn 5604:Breton 5545:o(cʼh) 5533:o(cʼh) 5358: 5355: 5310: 5307: 5259: 5243:Mixed 5056: 4995:agaibh 4985:agaibh 4883:againn 4873:againn 4863:gennym 4835:ganimp 4829: 4809:ganimp 4792:cʼharr 4740:ganddi 4631:ganddo 4603:gantañ 4591:gantañ 4522:gennyt 4410:gennyf 4328:Irish 4325:Welsh 4309:, and 4253:a gews 4242:a gomz 4190:Irish 4143:, and 4134:buocʼh 4110:placʼh 4077:eskell 4071:askell 4048:ablaut 4022:klujur 3925:Saozon 3821:bugale 3763:parkoù 3735:pesked 3644:Number 3634:sizhun 3577:gourel 3570:Gender 3527:Sauzon 3085:voiced 2934:voiced 2860:plain 2852:plain 2841:Uvular 2814:Dental 2809:Labial 2534:Vowels 2521:lycées 2440:Vannes 2370:Rennes 2356:Nantes 2345:(2008) 2312:1,558 2298:2,923 2295:32.46% 2284:5,121 2270:2,432 2262:Guégon 2256:3,655 2242:1,425 2228:1,061 2200:1,461 2167:(2008) 2065:19,765 2054:19,336 2046:2.00% 2043:19,165 2035:2.00% 2032:18,890 2024:2.00% 2021:18,337 2013:1.93% 2010:17,748 2002:1.86% 1999:17,024 1991:1.78% 1988:16,345 1980:1.73% 1977:15,840 1969:1.70% 1966:15,338 1958:1.63% 1955:14,709 1947:1.55% 1944:14,174 1936:1.48% 1933:13,493 1925:1.45% 1922:13,077 1911:12,333 1903:1.38% 1900:11,732 1892:1.30% 1889:11,092 1881:1.24% 1878:10,397 1865:Number 1734:Toubon 1725:Region 1718:Gwened 1707:Senate 1696:France 1670:France 1660:Nation 1618:TOTAL 1570:20,000 1553:85,000 1539:85,000 1514:15,000 1500:12,000 1497:76,000 1486:11,000 1472:15,000 1461:11.5% 1458:35,000 1444:40,000 1430:25,000 1416:20,000 1405:14.2% 1334:Vannes 1296:Trégor 1267:leoneg 1205:Fulenn 1173:France 1127:Google 1033:Sezneg 992:Yakari 974:Titeuf 967:Spirou 852:Fourth 836:patois 813:patois 730:French 714:Vannes 708:) and 702:Plouha 694:Breton 503:Breton 428:Breton 393: 274:France 228:Leoneg 175:Breton 155:Celtic 98:Region 91:France 35:Breton 15763:Åland 15700:Wales 15655:Spain 15580:Malta 15550:Italy 15308:Lists 15129:Noric 15044:Mixed 15024:Irish 15006:Welsh 14670:Bando 14663:Sport 14564:Wales 14480:Music 14413:Torcs 14403:Mazes 14333:Wales 14159:Cymru 14154:Wales 14037:Music 13960:Vates 13955:Túath 13905:Druid 13834:Welsh 13824:Irish 13415:Scots 13397:Irish 13392:Gaels 13387:Welsh 13334:Gauls 13324:Gaels 13295:Names 13267: 13259: 13251: 13232:Celts 13139:Paicî 13104:Drehu 13038:Gallo 12854:Diwan 12778:Mixed 12634:Irish 12571:Welsh 12484:Noric 12352:Bible 11746:S2CID 11474:Insee 11329:(PDF) 11322:(PDF) 10755:(PDF) 10655:Notes 10494:taol- 10422:gaeaf 10408:goañv 10401:hiver 10240:oíche 10187:night 10109:feàrr 10102:gwell 10095:gwell 10081:mieux 10068:caora 10048:caora 10041:dafad 10034:davas 10015:sheep 9987:gwreg 9980:gwreg 9973:femme 9874:water 9846:hanow 9820:marbh 9813:marbh 9799:marow 9745:bevañ 9738:vivre 9644:dones 9630:venir 9611:téigh 9569:aller 9547:cuirm 9531:korev 9517:bière 9477:bloaz 9444:latha 9390:llyfr 9383:lyver 9369:livre 9343:melyn 9336:melyn 9329:melen 9322:jaune 9303:dearg 9295:ruadh 9289:dearg 9281:rhudd 9254:rouge 9202:green 9187:fionn 9167:gwynn 9160:gwenn 9148:white 9101:black 9066:gweld 8984:boire 8979:drink 8960:feed) 8944:bwyta 8937:dybri 8735:eglos 8702:teach 8695:taigh 8662:house 8648:biadh 8620:boued 8601:neamh 8594:nèamh 8554:spéir 8547:speur 8533:ebron 8486:daear 8472:douar 8465:terre 8460:earth 8449:Welsh 8363:sistr 8290:bagad 7851:troad 7845:trôad 7735:bemde 7652:monei 7397:douar 7162:blegn 7044:> 6538:cʼhw 6528:, , 6509:Ch ch 6401:peleh 6375:brava 6323:anezi 6302:with 6250:book 6198:rain 6060:tilde 6056:trema 5890:/x~h/ 5860:> 5781:story 5778:istor 5751:story 5748:istor 5554:bezañ 5527:bezañ 5246:Soft 5240:Hard 5219:Welsh 5080:gansa 5062:ganto 5050:gante 5047:(or ' 5036:ganto 5022:money 4918:house 4853:genen 4820:(or ' 4730:gensi 4712:ganti 4700:ganti 4686:child 4683:bugel 4661:echey 4621:ganso 4512:genes 4494:ganit 4479:ganit 4465:drink 4400:genev 4382:ganin 4370:ganin 4334:Manx 4303:Irish 4299:Welsh 4140:saout 4128:mocʼh 4016:brini 3873:bagoù 3867:bagig 3815:bugel 3798:* 3793:keloù 3720:logod 3714:logod 3561:Nouns 3449:/t~θ/ 3252:Trill 2871:Nasal 2836:Velar 2824:Post- 2613:Close 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