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Brendan Bracken

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1973: 745:"stating that he was the closest confidant and personal agent of the President. I therefore arranged that he should be met by Mr. Brendan Bracken on his arrival." The suggestion was that Churchill had arranged, as is diplomatic custom, for Hopkins to be met by the person who was his closest counterpart in British government and that Bracken often played the role of confidant and personal agent to Churchill. After Bracken met Hopkins's flight on 9 January 1941, Churchill and Hopkins forged a close association. According to 2546: 43: 712:
When Bracken became aware of Churchill's agreement to nominate Halifax, he convinced Churchill that the Labour Party would indeed support him as Chamberlain's successor and Lord Halifax's appointment would hand certain victory to Hitler. Bracken advised Churchill tactically to say nothing when the
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three met to arrange the succession. After a deafening silence when Churchill was expected to nominate Halifax, the latter obligingly ruled himself out, and Churchill was put forward as Britain's wartime Prime Minister, having avoided any appearance of disloyalty to Chamberlain.
668:. He needed politicians for stories and they needed the publicity his publications gave. A supporter of Churchill from 1923, who was out of Parliament and in his political wilderness, Bracken was invited to join Churchill's " 2855: 610:. He then made a successful career from 1922 as a magazine publisher and newspaper editor in London. His initial success was based on selling advertising space to at least cover the cost of each number. In the 1611: 740:
An insight into the nature of the relationship between Churchill and Bracken is found in Churchill's history of the Second World War. Churchill wrote that he had received telegrams from Washington about
1071: 749:'s biography, Bracken and Hopkins had met in America in the late 1930s, and that personal tie helped speed the decision to assist Britain nearly a year before the US actually entered the war. 3888: 2848: 544:. Without fully believing the story, Sedbergh's headmaster, impressed by the young Bracken's depth of knowledge and eagerness to progress, accepted him. By the end of one term, his 3893: 2841: 3843: 3883: 1741: 3878: 709:
accept in the formation of a National Government. Churchill's view was that the Labour Party would not support him and so agreed with Chamberlain to nominate Halifax.
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Charles Lysaght & Trevor White. Churchill and the Irishman: The Unbelievable Life of Brendan Bracken; The Little Museum of Dublin 2016. ISBN 978-0957028630
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Note cremation was formally banned by the Catholic Church until 1963, and until 1966 Catholic priests were forbidden to officiate at cremation services.
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Many of his early magazine stories included a political flavour, and he commissioned articles from a wide range of politicians such as Churchill and
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in Dublin. Bracken denied that, but Dalton insisted that he remembered the smell of Bracken's corduroy trousers. A third example occurred during the
926:. The exhibit featured a collection of Bracken's letters to his mother. This was the first time that Bracken had been the subject of an exhibition. 2706: 1152: 3898: 1518: 3873: 730: 532:. He distanced himself from Ireland as well as his siblings, who were in revolt over their father's inheritance. He moved instead to settle in 414: 33: 1035:, updated by the producers including additional images, stories about Bracken's life and additional footage. The programme was transmitted on 2458: 2453: 3958: 3833: 3382: 3903: 2716: 2644: 2616: 1912: 1176: 3913: 2494: 2398: 2378: 2228: 1867: 1699: 1043:
on 24 January 2015 at 10pm, as part of the British History week, and coincided with the 50th anniversary of Churchill's death in 1965.
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features a regular column called "Bracken", focusing on providing views and perspectives on how to improve the
681:, and magazine and bankers still name their respected annual Bank of the Year awards "Brackens" in his honour. 579: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 2527: 2233: 2183: 2082: 2052: 2037: 1824: 944:, Bracken served as a model for the character of Rex Mottram. Bracken is featured in the 1981 TV mini series 706: 664:. Business and politics permanently overlapped in his life, like that of the career of his occasional friend 607: 697:
In two matters relating to Churchill, Bracken can be said to have played a key part behind the scenes. When
3504: 2942: 2734: 1715: 778: 475: 2833: 525:. The young man led a nomadic existence in Australia, moving often but reading avidly, as an auto-didact. 2572: 2479: 2148: 2107: 2097: 1883: 1806: 1631: 919: 774: 762: 479: 66: 2545: 1606: 1140: 3088: 2810: 2662: 1622: 1593:
Andrew Boyle. "Poor, Dear Brendan: The Quest for Brendan Bracken"; Hutchinson, 1974. SBN 978-0091208608
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heritage and his five formative years in Australia had blended with the elements and trappings of a
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in north London. His ashes were scattered behind the Cinque Ports by his chauffeur, Alex Aley, at
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in a November 1945 by-election. He was a relentless critic of the Labour government's policy of
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Widowed in 1904, Hannah Bracken had moved her family (including two stepdaughters) by 1908 to
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worked at the Ministry of Information under Bracken's term as Minister of Information.
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of the Church despite efforts by his nephew, Rev Kevin Bracken, a Cistercian monk at
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prepared to resign in May 1940, the candidates to succeed him were Churchill or
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campaign. In the fighting that occurred on the streets, Bracken was stabbed.
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Bracken and his relationship with Churchill were the focus of an exhibit at
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in 1940, despite his lack of ministerial experience, and became Churchill's
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In 1919, Bracken returned briefly to Ireland, finding his mother settled in
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Tomes, Jason. "Bracken, Brendan Rendall, Viscount Bracken (1901–1958)".
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and served until 1945. At the same time, he was one of the heads of the
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It has been theorized that Bracken may have been the inspiration for
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In 1945, after the end of the wartime coalition, Bracken was briefly
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of which "his master, Winston Churchill was the then Lord Warden".
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History Today – Brendan Bracken mini-biography by Charles Lysaght
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He might have had good reason to hide his Irish heritage, as the
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production company, Marbella Productions, in association with
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broadcast an hour-long TV documentary about his life entitled
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he used to good effect, Bracken was briefly a schoolmaster at
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Irish-born businessman and British politician (1901–1958)
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Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945
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on 8 August 1958, aged 57, in London. Although raised a
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Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
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Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
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His best-known business accomplishment was merging the
489:, where Brendan attended St Patrick's National School, 440:. He was also the founder of the modern version of the 3844:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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officer, turned IRA confidant, who was one of General
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Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945
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The Churchill Centre's review of Bracken's life, 2002
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is the 90-minute version of the previous documentary
857:. In 1951, with his love of history, he helped found 181:
Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
1513: 1511: 692: 649:described Bracken as Churchill's "faithful chela", 470:, the second son and third of the four children of 3879:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 1519:"Churchill's Irish fixer was the real Big Brother" 812:. In early 1952 he was elevated to the peerage as 1508: 3810: 1882: 1138: 716: 597: 725:in May 1940, Bracken helped in moving him into 582:'s right-hand men, recalled meeting Bracken at 1623:contributions in Parliament by Brendan Bracken 1120: 432:cabinet. He is best remembered for supporting 2849: 2495: 1868: 1226:"Brendan Bracken Press Conference" 1943 photo 757:In 1941, Bracken was promoted to the post of 493:, until 1910, when he was transferred to the 411:Brendan Rendall Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken 1094:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 843:in 1945. The latter had been published from 2645:Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 2856: 2842: 2502: 2488: 1875: 1861: 752: 517:to live with a cousin who was a priest in 417:(15 February 1901 – 8 August 1958) was an 257:15 November 1945 – 7 January 1952 1628:Newspaper clippings about Brendan Bracken 1445:"Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years" 1399:Churchill's Secret Son | Absolute History 1057: 1055: 824:, but never used the title or sat in the 618:'s unsuccessful attempt to be elected as 478:and was one of the seven founders of the 3864:Foreign Office personnel of World War II 3854:Deaths from esophageal cancer in England 3849:Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers 1256: 988:Bracken appears as a major character in 2753:Minister of Labour and National Service 2699:Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 1493: 1326:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1128:. Johnson Publications Ltd. p. 21. 1091:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 947:Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years 675:In 1926, he was the founding editor of 570:, a former senior commander in the new 3811: 2735:Secretary of State for India and Burma 1235:, life.com; accessed 26 February 2014. 1083: 1081: 1052: 1014:Brendan Bracken – Churchill's Irishman 1004:2010 and 2015 television documentaries 828:. He retired from publishing in 1956. 3874:Irish emigrants to the United Kingdom 2837: 2483: 1856: 1155:from the original on 10 December 2013 929: 1497:Creating the Role of O'Brien in 1984 1298: 1126:Sixty Minutes with Winston Churchill 458:Brendan Rendall Bracken was born in 421:-born businessman, politician and a 3959:20th-century British businesspeople 3899:People educated at O'Connell School 3834:Admiralty personnel of World War II 2681:Secretary of State for the Colonies 1742:Bournemouth East & Christchurch 1502:Minnesota State University, Mankato 1078: 810:general election the following year 633:Bracken himself was elected to the 141:20 July 1941 – 25 May 1945 79:25 May 1945 – 26 July 1945 13: 3904:People educated at Sedbergh School 1301:"Brendan Bracken, Founding Father" 628:1924 Westminster Abbey by-election 304:30 May 1929 – 5 July 1945 14: 3975: 3914:Politicians from County Tipperary 1600: 1278:"Viscount Bracken Letters Patent" 1087: 806:Bournemouth East and Christchurch 693:Assists in selection of Churchill 238:Bournemouth East and Christchurch 3964:20th-century British politicians 3949:UK MPs who were granted peerages 2544: 1971: 1908:William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln 1654:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1027:The 2015 television documentary 871:A heavy smoker, Bracken died of 768: 41: 2793:Secretary of State for Scotland 2775:President of the Board of Trade 1565: 1537: 1487: 1462: 1437: 1412: 1390: 1365: 1340: 1331: 1318: 1292: 1270: 1250: 1238: 735:parliamentary private secretary 641:for the London constituency of 3954:Viscounts created by George VI 1420:"Churchill & the Irishman" 1266:. 8 January 1952. p. 194. 1219: 1210: 1189: 1167: 1132: 1114: 1064: 717:Support from the US 1940–1941 1: 2528:Lord President of the Council 1825:Peerage of the United Kingdom 1641:The Papers of Brendan Bracken 1046: 797:and the retreat from empire. 729:. Bracken was sworn into the 598:Business and political career 453: 3859:First Lords of the Admiralty 1884:First Lords of the Admiralty 1174:The Bank of the Year Awards" 1108:UK public library membership 1016:. The programme was made by 924:Churchill & the Irishman 779:Churchill caretaker ministry 7: 3839:British publishers (people) 2627:First Lord of the Admiralty 2573:Chancellor of the Exchequer 2359:The Viscount Lee of Fareham 1807:First Lord of the Admiralty 1632:20th Century Press Archives 1424:The Little Museum of Dublin 920:The Little Museum of Dublin 808:, a seat he held until the 781:, but lost the post in the 775:First Lord of the Admiralty 763:Political Warfare Executive 67:First Lord of the Admiralty 10: 3980: 2811:Secretary of State for War 2663:Secretary of State for Air 2542: 2229:The Duke of Northumberland 1913:The Earl of Northumberland 1525:. Dublin. 12 December 2010 608:Bishop's Stortford College 536:. In 1920, he appeared at 3829:20th-century Irish people 3784: 3762: 3740: 3654: 3616: 3578: 3532: 3486: 3456: 3402: 3372: 3350: 3280: 3258: 3228: 3198: 3168: 3130: 3108: 3054: 3008: 2986: 2932: 2902: 2880: 2871: 2809: 2791: 2769: 2751: 2733: 2715: 2697: 2679: 2661: 2643: 2625: 2607: 2589: 2571: 2553: 2526: 2522: 2126: 1980: 1969: 1890: 1835: 1830: 1823: 1813: 1804: 1796: 1786: 1777: 1769: 1764: 1754: 1735: 1730: 1704: 1696: 1690:Sir Noel Mason-Macfarlane 1686: 1667: 1659: 1652: 1645:Churchill Archives Centre 1139:Lysaght, Charles (2002). 913: 904:Golders Green Crematorium 557:Irish War of Independence 404: 394: 386: 368: 341: 336: 332: 320: 308: 297: 285: 273: 261: 250: 231: 219: 207: 197: 186: 179: 167: 155: 145: 134: 127: 117: 105: 93: 83: 72: 65: 61: 40: 23: 2883:Henry Campbell-Bannerman 2214:The Earl of Ellenborough 1549:www.irishplayography.com 1494:Marinos, Andoni (2018). 1280:. Parliamentary Archives 1247:. Dublin. 9 August 2008. 960:(2002), he is played by 866: 574:, in London. The former 499:Irish Christian Brothers 2874:Prime Minister's Office 2379:The Viscount Chelmsford 2013:The Viscount Torrington 1958:The Earl of Bridgewater 1780:Minister of Information 1725:Constituency abolished 1352:History of Romney Marsh 1299:Lockhart, Robin Bruce. 1231:9 December 2010 at the 759:Minister of Information 753:Minister of Information 687:global financial system 448:Minister of Information 129:Minister of Information 3909:People from Templemore 3869:Former Roman Catholics 2771:Minister of Production 2394:Sir Austen Chamberlain 2384:The Viscount Bridgeman 2284:The Earl of Northbrook 2254:Sir John Pakington, Bt 2244:Sir John Pakington, Bt 2224:Sir Francis Baring, Bt 2209:The Earl of Haddington 2134:The Earl of St Vincent 2048:The Earl of Winchilsea 2023:The Earl of Winchilsea 1933:The Earl of Torrington 1928:The Earl of Nottingham 1100:10.1093/ref:odnb/32020 1029:Churchill's Secret Son 804:, he was returned for 721:When Churchill became 602:After Sedbergh, whose 47:Brendan Bracken, 1947. 2717:Minister of Education 2454:The Viscount Hailsham 2294:The Marquess of Ripon 2179:The Viscount Melville 2169:The Viscount Melville 2139:The Viscount Melville 2127:of the United Kingdom 1998:The Earl of Strafford 1948:The Viscount Falkland 1470:"The Gathering Storm" 1216:Lysaght, pp. 183–184. 1008:On 21 December 2010, 1000:originated the role. 822:County of Southampton 802:1950 general election 550:British public school 327:Noel Mason-MacFarlane 3022:1923–1924, 1924–1927 2962:1916–1918, 1919–1920 2801:The Earl of Rosebery 2617:Sir Donald Somervell 2404:Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt 2399:The Viscount Monsell 2314:The Earl of Selborne 2299:Lord George Hamilton 2289:Lord George Hamilton 2249:The Duke of Somerset 2239:Sir Charles Wood, Bt 2234:Sir James Graham, Bt 2219:The Earl of Auckland 2184:Sir James Graham, Bt 2174:The Duke of Clarence 2164:Charles Philip Yorke 2088:The Earl of Sandwich 2078:Sir Charles Saunders 2068:The Earl of Sandwich 2033:The Earl of Sandwich 2008:The Earl of Berkeley 1963:The Earl of Pembroke 1938:The Earl of Pembroke 1898:The Earl of Portland 1738:Member of Parliament 1707:Member of Parliament 1700:Sir Leonard Lyle, Bt 1670:Member of Parliament 1196:"The Bracken Column" 1179:23 June 2011 at the 1061:Lysaght, pp. 172–173 1033:Churchill's Irishman 978:Nineteen Eighty-Four 941:Brideshead Revisited 902:without ceremony at 620:Member of Parliament 472:Joseph Kevin Bracken 287:Member of Parliament 233:Member of Parliament 30:The Viscount Bracken 26:The Right Honourable 3111:Neville Chamberlain 2464:The Lord Carrington 2459:The Earl of Selkirk 2324:The Lord Tweedmouth 2279:William Henry Smith 2113:The Earl of Chatham 2103:The Viscount Keppel 2093:The Viscount Keppel 2058:The Earl of Halifax 2028:The Duke of Bedford 1943:The Lord Cornwallis 1918:The Lord Cottington 1903:The Earl of Lindsey 1817:Sir A. V. Alexander 1800:Sir A. V. Alexander 1663:Sir William Perring 1500:(Master's thesis). 1324:His article in the 1201:9 July 2011 at the 1074:. 22 February 2013. 957:The Gathering Storm 849:St Paul's Cathedral 699:Neville Chamberlain 657:word for disciple. 509:boarding school in 450:from 1941 to 1945. 2935:David Lloyd George 2707:Viscount Cranborne 2449:Viscount Cilcennin 2073:The Earl of Egmont 2003:The Earl of Orford 1988:The Earl of Orford 1953:The Earl of Orford 1765:Political offices 1263:The London Gazette 930:In popular culture 873:oesophageal cancer 542:Winchester College 226:George Harvie-Watt 3806: 3805: 3405:Margaret Thatcher 3261:Alec Douglas-Home 3133:Winston Churchill 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2591:Foreign Secretary 2581:Sir John Anderson 2515:Winston Churchill 2511:Caretaker Cabinet 2477: 2476: 2469:The Earl Jellicoe 2439:The Viscount Hall 2419:Winston Churchill 2414:The Earl Stanhope 2344:Sir Edward Carson 2334:Winston Churchill 2259:Henry Lowry-Corry 2204:The Earl of Minto 2199:The Lord Auckland 2189:The Lord Auckland 2159:The Lord Mulgrave 2108:The Viscount Howe 2098:The Viscount Howe 2018:Sir Charles Wager 1851: 1850: 1814:Succeeded by 1787:Succeeded by 1755:Succeeded by 1687:Succeeded by 1523:Irish Independent 1106:(Subscription or 879:, he refused the 727:10 Downing Street 616:Winston Churchill 434:Winston Churchill 408: 407: 203:Winston Churchill 151:Winston Churchill 100:Winston Churchill 3971: 3944:UK MPs 1951–1955 3939:UK MPs 1950–1951 3934:UK MPs 1945–1950 3929:UK MPs 1935–1945 3924:UK MPs 1931–1935 3919:UK MPs 1929–1931 3799: 3777: 3755: 3733: 3725: 3717: 3709: 3701: 3693: 3685: 3677: 3669: 3647: 3639: 3631: 3609: 3601: 3593: 3571: 3563: 3555: 3547: 3525: 3517: 3509: 3501: 3479: 3471: 3449: 3441: 3433: 3425: 3417: 3395: 3387: 3365: 3343: 3335: 3327: 3319: 3311: 3303: 3295: 3273: 3251: 3243: 3231:Harold Macmillan 3221: 3213: 3191: 3183: 3161: 3153: 3145: 3123: 3101: 3093: 3085: 3077: 3069: 3057:Ramsay MacDonald 3047: 3039: 3031: 3023: 3001: 2979: 2971: 2963: 2955: 2947: 2925: 2917: 2895: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2835: 2834: 2783:Oliver Lyttelton 2671:Harold Macmillan 2563:Lord Beaverbrook 2548: 2524: 2523: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2329:Reginald McKenna 2304:The Earl Spencer 2274:George Ward Hunt 2194:The Earl de Grey 2154:Thomas Grenville 2118:The Earl Spencer 2083:Sir Edward Hawke 2063:George Grenville 1981:of Great Britain 1975: 1974: 1923:Sir Henry Capell 1877: 1870: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1838:Viscount Bracken 1797:Preceded by 1770:Preceded by 1732:New constituency 1697:Preceded by 1674:Paddington North 1660:Preceded by 1650: 1649: 1572:Lysaght, Charles 1560: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1344: 1338: 1335: 1329: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1223: 1217: 1214: 1208: 1193: 1187: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1103: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1062: 1059: 952:Tim Pigott-Smith 814:Viscount Bracken 783:general election 666:Lord Beaverbrook 662:Benito Mussolini 643:North Paddington 635:House of Commons 588:Second World War 546:Irish republican 495:O'Connell School 464:County Tipperary 438:Second World War 379: 377: 359:County Tipperary 352: 350: 345:15 February 1901 337:Personal details 323: 311: 302: 292:Paddington North 276: 264: 255: 246: 222: 210: 200: 191: 170: 158: 148: 139: 120: 108: 96: 77: 45: 21: 20: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3780: 3775: 3758: 3753: 3736: 3731: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3699: 3691: 3683: 3675: 3667: 3650: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3612: 3607: 3599: 3591: 3574: 3569: 3561: 3553: 3545: 3528: 3523: 3515: 3507: 3499: 3482: 3477: 3469: 3452: 3447: 3439: 3431: 3423: 3415: 3398: 3393: 3385: 3375:James Callaghan 3368: 3363: 3346: 3341: 3333: 3325: 3317: 3309: 3301: 3293: 3276: 3271: 3254: 3249: 3241: 3224: 3219: 3211: 3194: 3189: 3181: 3164: 3159: 3151: 3143: 3126: 3121: 3104: 3099: 3091: 3083: 3075: 3068:1924, 1929–1931 3067: 3050: 3045: 3037: 3029: 3021: 3011:Stanley Baldwin 3004: 2999: 2982: 2977: 2969: 2961: 2953: 2945: 2928: 2923: 2915: 2898: 2893: 2876: 2867: 2862: 2832: 2823: 2819:Sir P. J. Grigg 2805: 2787: 2773: 2765: 2747: 2729: 2711: 2693: 2675: 2657: 2639: 2635:Brendan Bracken 2621: 2603: 2585: 2567: 2555:Lord Privy Seal 2549: 2540: 2518: 2517:(May–July 1945) 2508: 2478: 2473: 2434:A. V. Alexander 2429:Brendan Bracken 2424:A. V. Alexander 2389:A. V. Alexander 2349:Sir Eric Geddes 2319:The Earl Cawdor 2149:Viscount Howick 2144:The Lord Barham 2122: 2043:The Earl Temple 1976: 1972: 1967: 1886: 1881: 1841: 1819: 1810: 1802: 1792: 1783: 1775: 1773:Sir Duff Cooper 1760: 1745: 1714: 1702: 1692: 1677: 1665: 1603: 1576:Brendan Bracken 1568: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1517: 1516: 1509: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1453: 1451: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1381: 1379: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1255: 1251: 1243: 1239: 1233:Wayback Machine 1224: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1203:Wayback Machine 1194: 1190: 1181:Wayback Machine 1172: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1137: 1133: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1086: 1079: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1053: 1049: 1041:History Channel 1006: 950:, portrayed by 932: 922:in 2016 called 916: 885:Bethlehem Abbey 869: 840:Financial Times 795:nationalisation 771: 755: 747:Charles Lysaght 719: 695: 647:Stanley Baldwin 600: 584:national school 580:Michael Collins 538:Sedbergh School 511:County Limerick 503:Mungret College 456: 443:Financial Times 395:Political party 382:London, England 381: 375: 373: 353: 348: 346: 321: 315:William Perring 309: 303: 298: 289: 274: 262: 256: 251: 241: 240: 235: 220: 208: 198: 192: 187: 168: 156: 146: 140: 135: 123:A. V. Alexander 118: 112:A. V. Alexander 106: 94: 78: 73: 57: 48: 36: 31: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3977: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3791: 3789: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3726: 3718: 3710: 3702: 3694: 3686: 3678: 3670: 3661: 3659: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3623: 3621: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3602: 3594: 3585: 3583: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3564: 3556: 3548: 3539: 3537: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3510: 3502: 3493: 3491: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3472: 3463: 3461: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3442: 3434: 3426: 3418: 3409: 3407: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3388: 3379: 3377: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3357: 3355: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3336: 3328: 3320: 3312: 3304: 3296: 3287: 3285: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3265: 3263: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3244: 3235: 3233: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3214: 3205: 3203: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3184: 3175: 3173: 3171:Clement Attlee 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3154: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3115: 3113: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3094: 3086: 3078: 3070: 3061: 3059: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3040: 3035:Geoffery-Lloyd 3032: 3024: 3015: 3013: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2993: 2991: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2972: 2964: 2956: 2948: 2939: 2937: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2909: 2907: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2896: 2887: 2885: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2861: 2860: 2853: 2846: 2838: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2757: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2689:Oliver Stanley 2685: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2667: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2613: 2611: 2609:Home Secretary 2605: 2604: 2602: 2601: 2595: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2520: 2519: 2507: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2484: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2339:Arthur Balfour 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2309:George Goschen 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2269:George Goschen 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2053:The Lord Anson 2050: 2045: 2040: 2038:The Lord Anson 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1993:Sir John Leake 1990: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1857: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1812: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790:Geoffrey Lloyd 1788: 1785: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1758:Nigel Nicolson 1756: 1753: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1685: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1648: 1647: 1638: 1625: 1614: 1609: 1602: 1601:External links 1599: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1545:"Double Cross" 1536: 1507: 1486: 1461: 1436: 1411: 1389: 1364: 1348:"Cinque Ports" 1339: 1330: 1317: 1291: 1269: 1249: 1237: 1218: 1209: 1188: 1166: 1131: 1122:W. H. Thompson 1113: 1077: 1063: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1005: 1002: 962:Anthony Brophy 938:'s 1945 novel 931: 928: 915: 912: 908:Romney Marshes 868: 865: 834:Financial News 826:House of Lords 787:Clement Attlee 770: 767: 754: 751: 723:Prime Minister 718: 715: 694: 691: 624:Leicester West 614:, he assisted 599: 596: 455: 452: 406: 405: 402: 401: 396: 392: 391: 388: 384: 383: 380:(aged 57) 370: 366: 365: 343: 339: 338: 334: 333: 330: 329: 324: 318: 317: 312: 306: 305: 295: 294: 283: 282: 280:Nigel Nicolson 277: 271: 270: 265: 259: 258: 248: 247: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 211: 205: 204: 201: 199:Prime Minister 195: 194: 184: 183: 177: 176: 174:Geoffrey Lloyd 171: 165: 164: 159: 153: 152: 149: 147:Prime Minister 143: 142: 132: 131: 125: 124: 121: 115: 114: 109: 103: 102: 97: 95:Prime Minister 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 70: 69: 63: 62: 59: 58: 46: 38: 37: 32: 29: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3976: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3783: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3739: 3730: 3727: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3703: 3698: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3682: 3679: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3657:Boris Johnson 3653: 3644: 3641: 3636: 3633: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3615: 3606: 3603: 3598: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3581:David Cameron 3577: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3552: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3531: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3511: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3485: 3476: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3455: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3427: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3392: 3389: 3384: 3383:J. Cunningham 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3371: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3349: 3340: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3283:Harold Wilson 3279: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3257: 3248: 3247:K. Cunningham 3245: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3227: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3197: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3129: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3107: 3098: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3044: 3041: 3036: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3007: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2985: 2976: 2973: 2968: 2965: 2960: 2957: 2952: 2949: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2931: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2905:H. H. Asquith 2901: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2653:Robert Hudson 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2444:Lord Pakenham 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2264:Hugh Childers 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1809: 1808: 1801: 1795: 1791: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588:0-7139-0969-2 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1550: 1546: 1540: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1503: 1499: 1498: 1490: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1401: 1400: 1393: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1334: 1327: 1321: 1306: 1305:History Today 1302: 1295: 1279: 1273: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1253: 1246: 1241: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1222: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1170: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:History Today 1142: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1109: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1084: 1082: 1073: 1067: 1058: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1001: 999: 995: 992:'s 1986 play 991: 990:Thomas Kilroy 986: 984: 983:George Orwell 980: 979: 975:of the novel 974: 970: 965: 963: 959: 958: 953: 949: 948: 943: 942: 937: 927: 925: 921: 911: 909: 905: 901: 896: 894: 893:County Antrim 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 864: 862: 861: 860:History Today 856: 855: 854:The Economist 850: 846: 845:Bracken House 842: 841: 836: 835: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 769:Postwar years 766: 764: 760: 750: 748: 744: 743:Harry Hopkins 738: 736: 732: 731:Privy Council 728: 724: 714: 710: 708: 704: 700: 690: 688: 684: 680: 679: 673: 671: 667: 663: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 637:in 1929 as a 636: 631: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 612:1923 election 609: 605: 604:"old boy" tie 595: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 566: 565:Major-General 562: 561:Great Britain 558: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 497:, run by the 496: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 451: 449: 445: 444: 439: 435: 431: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 403: 400: 397: 393: 389: 385: 372:8 August 1958 371: 367: 364: 360: 356: 344: 340: 335: 331: 328: 325: 319: 316: 313: 307: 301: 296: 293: 288: 284: 281: 278: 272: 269: 266: 260: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 230: 227: 224: 218: 215: 214:Lord Dunglass 212: 206: 202: 196: 190: 185: 182: 178: 175: 172: 166: 163: 160: 154: 150: 144: 138: 133: 130: 126: 122: 116: 113: 110: 104: 101: 98: 92: 89: 86: 82: 76: 71: 68: 64: 60: 55: 51: 44: 39: 35: 27: 22: 19: 3787:Keir Starmer 3535:Gordon Brown 3353:Edward Heath 3201:Anthony Eden 3140: 3119:Douglas-Home 2634: 2599:Anthony Eden 2536:Lord Woolton 2428: 1845: 1836: 1832:New creation 1831: 1805: 1778: 1736: 1731: 1724: 1705: 1668: 1616: 1575: 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Index

The Right Honourable
PC

Yousuf Karsh
First Lord of the Admiralty
George VI
Winston Churchill
A. V. Alexander
Minister of Information
Duff Cooper
Geoffrey Lloyd
Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
Lord Dunglass
George Harvie-Watt
Member of Parliament
Bournemouth East and Christchurch
Bournemouth
Leonard Lyle
Nigel Nicolson
Member of Parliament
Paddington North
William Perring
Noel Mason-MacFarlane
Templemore
County Tipperary
Ireland
Conservative
PC
Irish
minister

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