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These should not be confused with the words for the parents of offspring (i.e. sire and dam) or with the words for male and female of the species (i.e. dog and bitch). These terms specifically apply only to animals bred intentionally by serious animal breeders.
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clubs do not except in exceptional circumstances, by permission. Most kennel clubs allow any registered individual to be bred from; the individual breed club may have additional, stricter criteria. The
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D’Arcy, J.B., Sheep
Management & Wool Technology, NSW University Press, 1986,
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290:: Bull (male) and heifer or cow (female)
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411:- The worldwide Community for Breeders
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