614:— for a "fact-finding" meeting with Pasquel; the raids on the Cardinals stopped, but Breadon was hit with a $ 5,000 fine and a 30-day suspension by Chandler, although both punishments were quickly rescinded. Lanier, Klein and Martin, meanwhile, were banned by Chandler from Organized Baseball for jumping their contracts; they would not be reinstated until June 5, 1949.
750:
49:
642:, but it had sympathizers across the league and widespread support among the Cardinals. Breadon flew to New York, conferred with NL president Frick, and then met with his team, where he read a strongly worded message from Frick vowing to suspend all the strikers from baseball. The threat then evaporated.
673:
Breadon died in St. Louis 18 months later at the age of 72. As it turned out, the ballpark fund nearly forced the
Cardinals out of town. When the tax dodge that made the purchase possible came to light, Saigh—who by this time was sole owner—was forced to put the Cardinals on the market. Just as it
654:
as tenants of the
American League Browns. By the 1940s, Breadon chafed at this arrangement, since the Cardinals had long since passed the Browns as St. Louis' favorite baseball team. He set aside $ 5 million to build a new park, but was unable to find any land. By November 1947, he was facing the
534:
After Rickey's departure, Breadon played an active role in the
Cardinals' baseball operations through World War II and into the postwar era. But, apart from winning the 1946 championship, Breadon's final two years as the Redbirds' owner were fraught with difficulty. The Cardinals remained pennant
501:
and two World Series titles — the
Cardinals treaded water in attendance, although exceeding the National League average, from 1942–1945. However, with their on-field success and the advent of radio in the 1930s, they would develop a fanatical regional following, their appeal extending beyond
436:'s Yankees in a Fall Classic, taking the series four games to one. That season marked the last year of the Breadon-Rickey tandem; their relationship had begun to fray during the late 1930s, when Breadon sold his automobile dealerships and became more involved in his baseball team, and
316:, and he would be elected to the Hall of Fame in 1962 for his credentials as a manager. (Hornsby and Frisch were elected to the Hall on the strength of their brilliant playing careers, and in 2008 Southworth would enter the Cooperstown shrine posthumously for his managerial success.)
242:
of the
Cardinals beginning in 1919; Breadon succeeded him as club president in 1920. Later that year, he bought enough stock to become the largest shareholder. Though it took him until 1922 to acquire controlling interest, from 1920 onward he was the head of the franchise.
291:
Rickey worked for
Breadon until the end of 1942. Breadon ceded Rickey wide-ranging authority in baseball matters, but Breadon always reserved the right to choose the team's field manager. In addition to Hornsby, he would select men such as
454:
Despite their success on the field, the 1931–1945 Cardinals were frequently plagued by low attendance. Although they were by far the dominant team, they shared St. Louis, the smallest, two-team market in the major leagues, with the
431:
era that won 106, 105 and 105 games in consecutive years, along with their three NL pennants and two World Series championships. The 1942 Cardinals were the only
National League champion to ever defeat
218:
In 1917, he also became a minority investor – for $ 2,000 – in the
Cardinals, then a struggling, second-division team chronically strapped for resources. But the club's enterprising young president,
447:. With Rickey's contract as general manager set to expire at the end of October 1942, Breadon notified him that he would have to take a cut in pay. Instead, Rickey moved to the
470:", one of the most memorable teams in MLB history—drawing only 325,000 fans. Breadon seriously explored selling the team in 1934; then, after his Cardinals had defeated the
663:—to sell the Cardinals to him, under the pretense of avoiding the potentially hefty tax bill. To ease Breadon's nerves, Saigh took on another prominent St. Louisan, former
599:, the league's founder, offered Musial (then making $ 11,500 a year) a $ 50,000 bonus to jump the Cardinals; the young superstar was tempted, but rejected Pasquel's offer.
670:, as a minority partner. Satisfied, Breadon sold the Cardinals to Saigh and Hannegan for $ 3 million–a handsome return on his original investment of 30 years earlier.
1328:
288:, the result of a heated confrontation between owner and player-manager in September 1926 over the playing of exhibition games during the late-season pennant race.
1220:
312:
to run the
Cardinals' bench. With one exception, all won world championships for St. Louis. The exception, McKechnie, was the Cards' losing skipper in the
1090:
551:
with another championship team and the postwar baseball boom, but the
Cardinals maintained their reputation for a tight-fisted control on player salaries.
1234:
1099:
876:
149:
226:
teams, from Class D to Class AA (then the highest-ranking minor league level), that it owned and controlled. This was the effective creation of the
1267:
1343:
485:
Both ideas came to nothing, however; the team remained in St. Louis and continued to struggle at the turnstiles, drawing only 291,000 fans in
1213:
272:, Hornsby's Redbirds won the franchise's first-ever National League pennant and World Series championship, a seven-game triumph over the
230:, perfected by the Cardinals and — when the Redbirds came to dominate the National League — eventually copied by the 15 other MLB teams.
1313:
222:, discovered that the team could compete successfully against richer opponents by developing its playing talent on an assembly line of
1333:
1083:
1348:
1323:
1206:
664:
173:
1318:
1057:
782:
1338:
1001:
971:
944:
910:
211:
by opening a repair garage. Transitioning into sales, he purchased the Western Automobile Company, prospered as the owner of
638:
to play in Major League Baseball since the 1880s. The idea of a strike had originated with Robinson's disaffected teammate,
427:
His Cardinals won more than 100 games four times: the 1931 world champions, and then the juggernaut 1942–43–44 teams of the
1353:
1076:
865:
1031:
836:
548:
536:
490:
486:
353:
349:
345:
877:
Ferkovich, Scott, "The Cardinals Briefly Considered Leaving St. Louis ... and Moving to Detroit". VintageDetroit.com
803:
165:
161:
539:(the year of Breadon's death and two years after he sold the club), but off-field issues dogged the franchise.
180:
1050:
489:
during a rare losing season, and not reaching pre-Depression attendance levels until the pennant-contending
1068:
655:
prospect of having to pay taxes on his fund unless he started construction on a park. When tax attorney
1023:
523:
251:
169:
1063:
716:
507:
437:
1247:
1140:
478:, Breadon, with his connections within the auto industry, openly pondered moving the Redbirds to
440:
17:
914:
755:
577:
433:
405:
559:
265:
223:
157:
100:
1308:
1303:
285:
187:
of any owner in franchise history at .570. His teams totaled 2,470 wins and 1,830 losses.
903:
148:) (July 26, 1876 – May 8, 1949) was an American executive who served as the president and
8:
1229:
1105:
651:
208:
204:
153:
88:
851:
250:, on May 31, Breadon moved Rickey into the front office full-time as business manager —
1186:
1154:
986:
929:
592:
239:
184:
829:
Dizzy and the Gas House Gang: The 1934 St. Louis Cardinals and Depression-Era Baseball
1122:
1027:
997:
967:
940:
832:
475:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
313:
269:
200:
908:
A. B. "Happy" Chandler: Desegregation of Major League Baseball Oral History Project,
635:
623:
567:
498:
463:
459:
448:
417:
297:
273:
247:
115:
451:, where he would make history as the club's president and top baseball executive.
1282:
1198:
1133:
960:
887:
866:
Retrosimba (March 19, 2015), "Why the Cardinals Considered Relocating to Detroit"
667:
660:
631:
595:
of 1.93. The Mexican League might have done even greater damage to the Redbirds.
456:
385:
356:. In addition to Hornsby and Frisch, they would feature such standout players as
728:
1179:
679:
675:
659:
learned of this, he persuaded Breadon—who by this time was terminally ill from
607:
581:
563:
555:
471:
421:
361:
305:
293:
258:
255:
1297:
1252:
1129:
627:
596:
588:
467:
393:
377:
369:
365:
357:
219:
196:
31:
988:
Rickey & Robinson: The True, Untold Story of the Integration of Baseball
931:
Rickey & Robinson: The True, Untold Story of the Integration of Baseball
1277:
1272:
1262:
1172:
993:
936:
683:
639:
519:
494:
428:
413:
389:
301:
212:
177:
1098:
603:
409:
401:
397:
381:
227:
48:
1165:
1158:
656:
611:
570:
444:
373:
309:
281:
168:. During that time, the Cardinals rose from languishing as one of the
584:
515:
277:
574:
511:
503:
479:
30:"Breadon" redirects here. For the ballpark in Pennsylvania, see
686:, stepped in to buy the team in 1953 and keep it in St. Louis.
324:
Under Breadon, the Cardinals ruled the baseball world in 1926,
183:. Breadon's teams also established the highest regular season
778:
818:
Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. Page 162
133:
127:
852:
BaseballAlmanac.com, "St. Louis Cardinals Attendance Data"
284:. But during the offseason, Breadon traded Hornsby to the
172:'s doormats to a premier power in baseball, winning nine
721:
650:
For his entire tenure as owner, the Cardinals played in
443:
cracked down on Rickey's farm system, making 74 players
1020:
The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball
699:
Lincoln, Neb.: The University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
626:, Breadon learned that some of his players planned to
729:"St. Louis Cardinals Team History & Encyclopedia"
606:— without the permission of Commissioner of Baseball
264:
The move was highly successful. Rickey would forge a
136:
462:. Their home attendance also was devastated by the
308:(obtained from the Giants in the Hornsby trade) and
130:
124:
121:
617:
497:interrupted the momentum and — despite their three
233:
195:Of Scottish and Irish descent, Breadon was born in
118:
1228:
985:
928:
215:dealerships, and became a self-made millionaire.
890:The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball,
587:. When Lanier defected in May, he had thrown six
190:
1329:Deaths from prostate cancer in the United States
1295:
566:, signed away three important Cardinal players:
207:at the turn of the 20th century and entered the
966:Jefferson, NC, McFarland & Company (2016).
904:"Interview with Stanley F. Musial, May 17, 1978
816:Branch Rickey: Baseball's Ferocious Gentleman.
697:Branch Rickey: Baseball's Ferocious Gentleman.
466:, with the 1934 world champions—the colorful "
1214:
1084:
645:
1221:
1207:
1091:
1077:
1053:St. Louis Cardinals Team Ownership History
254:in contemporary terms — and promoted star
861:
859:
199:and raised in a working-class family in
847:
845:
542:
268:career as a general manager, while, in
27:American baseball executive (1876–1949)
14:
1296:
1058:Society for American Baseball Research
963:Frick*: Baseball's Third Commissioner.
783:Society for American Baseball Research
1344:Major League Baseball team presidents
1202:
1072:
1017:
911:Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History
888:Gonzalez Echevarria, Roberto (2001),
856:
751:"Breakout selected from 1920 to 1947"
983:
926:
842:
1011:
717:State of Missouri Death Certificate
630:rather than take the field against
24:
776:
689:
25:
1365:
1314:Businesspeople from New York City
1064:Biography - Baseball Hall of Fame
1044:
591:victories in six starts, with an
547:Attendance was about to spike in
319:
1334:Major League Baseball executives
618:Abortive strike against Robinson
529:
234:President/owner of the Cardinals
114:
47:
977:
954:
920:
896:
881:
870:
634:of Rickey's Dodgers, the first
1349:St. Louis Cardinals executives
1324:Deaths from cancer in Missouri
821:
808:
797:
770:
743:
710:
610:and National League president
602:In June 1946, Breadon flew to
191:Successful Pierce-Arrow dealer
13:
1:
1319:Businesspeople from St. Louis
703:
674:appeared they were moving to
1339:Major League Baseball owners
344:, and earned NL pennants in
7:
10:
1370:
1354:St. Louis Cardinals owners
646:Sale to Saigh and Hannegan
554:That season, the "outlaw"
29:
1243:
1117:
506:and throughout the lower
96:
77:
58:
46:
39:
731:. Baseball-Reference.com
558:, operating outside the
476:that year's World Series
438:Commissioner of Baseball
1248:Helene Hathaway Britton
1141:Helene Hathaway Britton
827:Feldmann, Doug (2000).
522:states and much of the
441:Kenesaw Mountain Landis
1060:Team Ownership Project
1018:Purdy, Dennis (2006).
915:University of Kentucky
831:. McFarland & Co.
756:Baseball-Reference.com
238:Rickey also served as
902:William J. Marshall,
266:Baseball Hall of Fame
158:Major League Baseball
110:Samuel Wilson Breadon
101:Major League Baseball
984:Kahn, Roger (2014).
927:Kahn, Roger (2014).
560:"Organized Baseball"
543:Mexican League raids
261:to playing manager.
1231:St. Louis Cardinals
1108:St. Louis Cardinals
961:Carvalho, John P.,
682:and its president,
535:contenders through
209:automobile industry
154:St. Louis Cardinals
89:St. Louis, Missouri
1187:William DeWitt Jr.
1155:Robert E. Hannegan
665:Postmaster General
593:earned run average
562:structure and its
185:winning percentage
1291:
1290:
1196:
1195:
1123:Chris von der Ahe
1022:. New York City:
1003:978-1-62336-297-3
972:978-1-4766-2663-5
946:978-1-62336-297-3
785:Biography Project
314:1928 World Series
201:Greenwich Village
107:
106:
72:New York City, US
16:(Redirected from
1361:
1237:
1232:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1125:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:Principal owners
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1038:
1037:
1015:
1009:
1007:
991:
981:
975:
958:
952:
950:
934:
924:
918:
900:
894:
885:
879:
874:
868:
863:
854:
849:
840:
825:
819:
814:Lowenfish, Lee,
812:
806:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
747:
741:
740:
738:
736:
725:
719:
714:
695:Lowenfish, Lee,
652:Sportsman's Park
636:African-American
568:starting pitcher
464:Great Depression
449:Brooklyn Dodgers
418:Red Schoendienst
298:Billy Southworth
274:New York Yankees
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
84:
68:
66:
51:
37:
36:
21:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:Bill DeWitt III
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1134:Stanley Robison
1128:
1121:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1016:
1012:
1004:
982:
978:
959:
955:
947:
925:
921:
901:
897:
886:
882:
875:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
826:
822:
813:
809:
802:
798:
788:
786:
775:
771:
761:
759:
749:
748:
744:
734:
732:
727:
726:
722:
715:
711:
706:
692:
690:Further reading
668:Robert Hannegan
661:prostate cancer
648:
632:Jackie Robinson
620:
545:
532:
457:American League
386:Whitey Kurowski
322:
286:New York Giants
252:general manager
236:
193:
170:National League
150:principal owner
117:
113:
92:
86:
82:
73:
70:
64:
62:
54:
53:Breadon in 1941
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1180:Anheuser-Busch
1176:
1169:
1162:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1051:Stangl, Mark,
1046:
1045:External links
1043:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1010:
1002:
976:
953:
945:
919:
895:
880:
869:
855:
841:
820:
807:
804:Newspapers.com
796:
777:Armour, Mark.
769:
742:
720:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
691:
688:
680:Anheuser-Busch
676:Houston, Texas
647:
644:
619:
616:
608:Happy Chandler
582:second baseman
564:reserve clause
556:Mexican League
544:
541:
531:
528:
472:Detroit Tigers
422:Enos Slaughter
362:Harry Brecheen
321:
320:Built NL power
318:
306:Frankie Frisch
294:Bill McKechnie
259:Rogers Hornsby
256:second baseman
235:
232:
203:. He moved to
192:
189:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
87:
85:(aged 72)
79:
75:
74:
71:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1366:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:Fred Kuhlmann
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:Branch Rickey
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1035:
1033:0-7611-3943-5
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1008:Pages 253–264
1005:
999:
995:
990:
989:
980:
974:, pp. 111–112
973:
969:
965:
964:
957:
948:
942:
938:
933:
932:
923:
916:
912:
909:
905:
899:
893:
891:
884:
878:
873:
867:
862:
860:
853:
848:
846:
838:
837:9780786408580
834:
830:
824:
817:
811:
805:
800:
784:
780:
779:"Sam Breadon"
773:
758:
757:
752:
746:
730:
724:
718:
713:
709:
698:
694:
693:
687:
685:
681:
677:
671:
669:
666:
662:
658:
653:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
615:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
597:Jorge Pasquel
594:
590:
589:complete game
586:
583:
579:
576:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
540:
538:
530:Postwar years
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
496:
493:edition. But
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:Gashouse Gang
465:
461:
458:
452:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Pepper Martin
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Murry Dickson
375:
371:
370:Walker Cooper
367:
363:
359:
358:Jim Bottomley
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
257:
253:
249:
244:
241:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:Branch Rickey
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:New York City
188:
186:
182:
181:championships
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
111:
102:
99:
95:
90:
80:
76:
69:July 26, 1876
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
32:Breadon Field
19:
1278:Mark Lamping
1273:Stuart Meyer
1263:Gussie Busch
1257:
1173:Gussie Busch
1147:
1052:
1019:
1013:
992:. New York:
987:
979:
962:
956:
935:. New York:
930:
922:
907:
898:
889:
883:
872:
828:
823:
815:
810:
799:
787:. Retrieved
772:
760:. Retrieved
754:
745:
735:February 13,
733:. Retrieved
723:
712:
696:
684:Gussie Busch
672:
649:
640:Dixie Walker
621:
601:
553:
546:
533:
520:Great Plains
495:World War II
484:
453:
434:Joe McCarthy
429:World War II
426:
414:Howie Pollet
390:Marty Marion
323:
302:Gabby Street
290:
263:
245:
237:
224:minor league
217:
213:Pierce-Arrow
194:
178:World Series
145:
109:
108:
83:(1949-05-08)
1309:1949 deaths
1304:1876 births
1258:Sam Breadon
1148:Sam Breadon
604:Mexico City
578:Fred Martin
445:free agents
410:Stan Musial
406:Terry Moore
402:Johnny Mize
398:Joe Medwick
382:Chick Hafey
228:farm system
174:NL pennants
160:(MLB) from
81:May 8, 1949
41:Sam Breadon
1298:Categories
1236:presidents
1166:Fred Saigh
1159:Fred Saigh
917:Libraries.
762:October 6,
704:References
657:Fred Saigh
612:Ford Frick
571:Max Lanier
374:Dizzy Dean
310:Eddie Dyer
282:Lou Gehrig
103:team owner
97:Occupation
65:1876-07-26
1112:franchise
622:Then, in
585:Lou Klein
524:Southwest
516:Louisiana
278:Babe Ruth
205:St. Louis
951:Page 114
575:swingman
512:Arkansas
504:Missouri
499:pennants
176:and six
164:through
146:BRAY-din
1104:of the
1024:Workman
892:page 21
789:30 July
508:Midwest
480:Detroit
240:manager
152:of the
18:Breadon
1157:&
1132:&
1030:
1000:
994:Rodale
970:
943:
937:Rodale
835:
628:strike
518:, the
460:Browns
420:, and
1130:Frank
1028:ISBN
998:ISBN
968:ISBN
941:ISBN
833:ISBN
791:2018
764:2013
737:2013
624:1947
580:and
549:1946
537:1949
491:1941
487:1938
368:and
366:Mort
354:1943
352:and
350:1930
346:1928
342:1946
340:and
338:1944
334:1942
330:1934
326:1931
280:and
270:1926
248:1925
166:1947
162:1920
91:, US
78:Died
59:Born
474:in
276:of
246:In
156:of
1300::
1056:,
1026:.
996:.
939:.
913:,
906:,
858:^
844:^
781:.
753:.
678:,
573:,
526:.
514:,
510:,
482:.
424:.
416:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
400:,
396:,
392:,
388:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
372:,
364:,
360:,
348:,
336:,
332:,
328:,
304:,
300:,
296:,
144:;
128:eɪ
1222:e
1215:t
1208:v
1092:e
1085:t
1078:v
1036:.
1006:.
949:.
839:]
793:.
766:.
739:.
140:/
137:n
134:ə
131:d
125:r
122:b
119:ˈ
116:/
112:(
67:)
63:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
