481:
459:
232:
65:
40:
525:
1274:
503:
389:, based in part on an estimated divergence date of 50 million years ago (although more recent studies have revised this to about 35 million years ago), is that these species are the descendants of a more widespread but now extinct lineage of
397:
to Asia or
Australia, and then dispersed by some combination of continental drift, rafting and/or land bridges to their present remote location. However, no other fossil or extant species of this putative lineage have been found to date in
694:
287:, is derived from two Greek words: brachys (βραχύς) meaning "short" and lophos (λόφος) meaning "crest" or "plume", denoting the short spiny crests found along the backs of these species.
429:
may have been preadapted for such a journey by having water requirements that can be satisfied by food alone, as well as comparatively long egg incubation periods.
1118:(1989) A Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomy of Iguanian Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications
1158:
690:"Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history"
1764:
1138:(2001): Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of Polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania).
1725:
1751:
601:
in prehistoric times due to predation by humans and their domestic animals. An even larger extinct iguana of the separate genus
1835:
1756:
1188:
940:
800:
Noonan, B. P.; Sites, J. W. Jr. (2009-11-24). "Tracing the origins of iguanid lizards and boine snakes of the
Pacific".
554:
word for "healthy" or "flourishing") was described in the central regions of Fiji by a team led by a scientist from the
913:
744:"Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866)"
1717:
413:
A secondary hypothesis, and the more widely accepted one, is that these species evolved from New World iguanas that
1769:
386:
1085:
555:
293:
species are the most geographically isolated iguanas in the world. Their closest extant relatives (the genera
1476:
1069:
1830:
1461:
350:
960:
743:
64:
1023:
Pregill, G. K.; Steadman, D. W. (March 2004). "South
Pacific iguanas: Human impacts and a new species".
1491:
1436:
1825:
1399:
422:
1586:
1561:
1409:
1181:
802:
1070:"A new iguanid lizard (Squamata, Iguanidae) from the Late Quaternary of Fiji, Southwest Pacific"
932:
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1146:
1699:
1673:
1430:
1419:
1404:
1384:
755:
986:
Pregill, Gregory K.; Dye, Tom (1989). "Prehistoric extinction of giant iguanas in Tonga".
687:
338:
8:
1601:
1424:
1414:
1364:
1309:
688:
Keogh, J. Scott; Edwards, Danielle L.; Fisher, Robert N.; Harlow, Peter S. (2008-10-27).
425:. While a rafting voyage of four months or more might seem implausible, the ancestors of
759:
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20:
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378:, so distant from all other known extant or extinct iguanids, has long presented a
346:
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342:
767:
558:
in 2008. Detailed genetic and morphological analyses were made to conclude that
231:
1712:
1649:
1506:
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399:
275:, is also present on Tonga, where it has apparently been introduced by humans.
176:
153:
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Malone, Catherine L.; Reynoso, Víctor Hugo; Buckley, Larry (2017-10-01).
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590:
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403:
39:
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1345:
1304:
1242:
1046:
1009:
899:
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Cuvier 1829 (Sauria: Iguania: Iguanidae) from Gau Island, Fiji
Islands"
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325:
307:
301:
217:
695:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1743:
1197:
594:
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76:
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1001:
891:
1643:
1227:
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1038:
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lineage to have diverged from the rest of
Iguanidae in the latest
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1320:
1221:
598:
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256:
253:
185:
106:
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Fisher, R. N.; Niukula, J.; Watling, D.; Harlow, P. S. (2017).
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502:
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241:
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Northwestern islands of Fiji (Ovalau, Kadavu and Viti Levu)
1086:
10.1655/0018-0831(2003)059[0057:ANILSI]2.0.CO;2
964:
260:
1136:
Frost, D.R.; Etheridge, R.E.; Janies, D. & Titus, T.A.
627:
874:(Iguanidae) including the description of a new species,
364:, about 35 million years ago. They are the second most
1022:
579:, similar in size and build to an iguana of the genus
546:
Historically, only the first two were recognized, but
870:
Gibbons, J. R. H. (1981-07-31). "The biogeography of
1067:
741:
1061:
961:"Scientists Discover New Species of Fijian Iguana"
1807:
540:Northwestern islands of the Fijiian archipelago
985:
417:10,000 km (6,200 mi) west across the
374:diverging earlier. The location of members of
1182:
933:"Hello, it's a new species of Pacific iguana"
1068:Pregill, G. K.; Worthy, T. H. (March 2003).
795:
793:
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621:
619:
799:
1189:
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501:
230:
38:
865:
863:
790:
715:
649:
616:
393:iguanids that migrated overland from the
349:. Several of these genera are adapted to
278:
1016:
869:
848:(1974). "Voyage of the Banded Iguana".
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
1808:
979:
953:
930:
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844:
368:extant genus in the family, with only
1625:
1624:
1240:
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838:
748:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
562:represents a third species. In 2017,
356:. Phylogenetic evidence supports the
924:
737:
735:
672:
566:was described as a new species from
941:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
385:One hypothesis to account for this
13:
1241:
906:
14:
1847:
1410:Honduran paleate spinytail iguana
1152:
1116:Frost, D.E. & Etheridge, R.E.
732:
432:
263:and a giant extinct species from
1272:
523:
479:
457:
63:
607:was formerly present on Fiji.
556:Australian National University
1:
1477:Northern Bahamian rock iguana
1385:Northeastern spinytail iguana
1196:
919:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
610:
271:. One of the extant species,
1836:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
1462:Turks and Caicos rock iguana
471:Central Fijian banded iguana
7:
1425:Guatemalan spinytail iguana
1400:Yellowback spinytail iguana
931:Cooper, Dani (2008-09-16).
768:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.010
410:outside of Fiji and Tonga.
329:) are present in primarily
10:
1852:
1360:Galapagos pink land iguana
18:
1633:
1570:
1545:
1520:
1450:
1373:
1343:
1330:Campeche spinytail iguana
1318:
1281:
1270:
1254:
1250:
1236:
1204:
1140:American Museum Novitates
921:. Accessed 23 March 2017.
850:Australia Natural History
651:10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.5
630:"A New Species of Iguana
259:native to the islands of
229:
191:
184:
168:
161:
60:Scientific classification
58:
46:
37:
30:
1482:Grand Cayman blue iguana
1415:Oaxacan spinytail iguana
1335:Yucatán spinytail iguana
573:A giant Tongan species,
437:The extant species are:
423:South Equatorial Current
1587:Angel Island chuckwalla
1562:Lesser Antillean iguana
1420:Roatán spinytail iguana
1128:10.5962/bhl.title.16288
803:The American Naturalist
496:Eastern Fijian islands
1597:San Esteban chuckwalla
1537:Catalina desert iguana
1442:Black spinytail iguana
1026:Journal of Herpetology
880:Journal of Herpetology
708:10.1098/rstb.2008.0120
532:Brachylophus vitiensis
488:Brachylophus fasciatus
387:biogeographical puzzle
279:Etymology and taxonomy
213:Brachylophus vitiensis
201:Brachylophus fasciatus
171:Brachylophus fasciatus
19:For the dinosaur, see
1497:Anegada ground iguana
1492:Lesser Caymans iguana
1405:Cape spinytail iguana
1355:Galapagos land iguana
1294:Brachylophus bulabula
576:Brachylophus gibbonsi
466:Brachylophus bulabula
222:Brachylophus gibbonsi
195:Brachylophus bulabula
52:Brachylophus bulabula
1592:Monserrat chuckwalla
1431:Ctenosaura pectinata
1365:Santa Fe land iguana
421:with the aid of the
1831:Reptiles of Oceania
1507:San Salvador iguana
1395:Balsas armed lizard
1310:Fiji crested iguana
760:2017MolPE.115...27M
702:(1508): 3413–3426.
550:("bulabula" is the
537:Fiji crested iguana
337:and islands in the
1602:Spotted chuckwalla
1512:Mona ground iguana
269:South West Pacific
48:Fiji banded iguana
1803:
1802:
1778:Open Tree of Life
1627:Taxon identifiers
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1582:Common chuckwalla
1472:Rhinoceros iguana
1300:Lau banded iguana
589:, islands in the
544:
543:
493:Lau banded iguana
249:consists of four
238:
237:
157:
21:Brachylophosaurus
1843:
1826:Reptiles of Fiji
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1694:
1682:
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1621:
1437:Club tail iguana
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1237:
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1177:
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1096:. Archived from
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585:once existed on
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510:Brachylophus gau
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347:Greater Antilles
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207:Brachylophus gau
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27:
16:Genus of lizards
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1502:Ricord's iguana
1467:Jamaican iguana
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1002:10.2307/1445455
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446:Scientific name
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408:western Pacific
380:biogeographical
333:regions of the
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54:) in captivity
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1713:Fauna Europaea
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1153:External links
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1039:10.1670/73-03A
1015:
996:(2): 505–508.
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886:(3): 255–273.
878:, from Fiji".
859:
846:Cogger, Harold
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1256:Amblyrhynchus
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1100:on 2022-04-27
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1816:Brachylophus
1679:Brachylophus
1665:Brachylophus
1635:Brachylophus
1634:
1571:
1557:Green iguana
1546:
1521:
1487:Cuban iguana
1451:
1429:
1390:Utila iguana
1374:
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1319:
1292:
1284:Brachylophus
1283:
1282:
1255:
1160:
1147:PDF fulltext
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1131:PDF fulltext
1119:
1102:. Retrieved
1098:the original
1080:(1): 57–67.
1077:
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1033:(1): 15–21.
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969:. Retrieved
955:
944:. Retrieved
936:
926:
914:Brachylophus
912:
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883:
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876:B. vitiensis
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872:Brachylophus
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840:
810:(1): 61–72.
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663:. Retrieved
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273:B. fasciatus
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246:Brachylophus
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193:
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169:
163:Type species
148:Brachylophus
147:
146:
51:
32:Brachylophus
31:
25:
1739:iNaturalist
1659:Wikispecies
1523:Dipsosaurus
1161:B. bulabula
937:ABC Science
604:Lapitiguana
597:but became
560:B. bulabula
548:B. bulabula
518:Gau island
449:Common Name
404:Australasia
371:Dipsosaurus
1810:Categories
1573:Sauromalus
1376:Ctenosaura
1346:Conolophus
1305:Gau iguana
1159:Images of
1104:2017-12-13
946:2010-09-28
665:2018-08-14
611:References
593:group and
568:Gau Island
515:Gau iguana
326:Sauromalus
308:Ctenosaura
302:Conolophus
283:The name,
123:Suborder:
1208:Kingdom:
1198:Iguanidae
776:1055-7903
754:: 27–39.
595:Tongatapu
395:New World
391:Old World
382:enigma.
339:Galápagos
137:Iguanidae
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
1650:Q1411411
1644:Wikidata
1228:Squamata
1222:Reptilia
1216:Chordata
1214:Phylum:
1210:Animalia
1145:: 1-38.
1122:: 1-65.
1094:85804786
1055:85627049
824:19929634
784:28716742
726:18782726
660:28610241
335:Americas
331:tropical
133:Family:
117:Squamata
107:Reptilia
97:Chordata
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1793:5756301
1731:7672273
1453:Cyclura
1321:Cachryx
1245:species
1226:Order:
1220:Class:
1047:1566081
1010:1445455
917:at the
900:1563429
832:5882832
756:Bibcode
717:2607380
638:Zootaxa
599:extinct
591:Ha‘apai
582:Cyclura
406:or the
314:Cyclura
267:in the
257:species
254:iguanid
186:Species
143:Genus:
127:Iguania
113:Order:
103:Class:
1790:uBio:
1783:458469
1757:202154
1718:254426
1548:Iguana
1243:Extant
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989:Copeia
971:9 June
898:
830:
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724:
714:
658:
587:Lifuka
564:B. gau
552:Fijian
415:rafted
362:Eocene
354:biomes
343:Lesser
320:Iguana
251:extant
179:, 1829
177:Cuvier
156:, 1829
154:Cuvier
1770:46194
1744:35326
1705:83284
1692:62GNN
1090:S2CID
1051:S2CID
1043:JSTOR
1006:JSTOR
896:JSTOR
828:S2CID
443:Image
366:basal
351:xeric
265:Tonga
242:genus
1765:NCBI
1752:ITIS
1726:GBIF
1143:3343
994:1989
973:2017
965:USGS
820:PMID
780:PMID
772:ISSN
722:PMID
656:PMID
642:4273
345:and
341:and
323:and
261:Fiji
240:The
1700:EoL
1687:CoL
1674:ADW
1124:doi
1082:doi
1035:doi
998:doi
888:doi
812:doi
808:175
764:doi
752:115
712:PMC
704:doi
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646:doi
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