54:
720:
40:
87:
241:
The condition is known under numerous names. The most commonly used name is clubbed thumb, or club thumb. American researcher R.A. Hefner used the terms "short thumb" and "brachymegalodactylism" in 1924, and "short thumb" has continued to be used in a few other studies since then, including the study
232:
ethnic individuals from their participation in various epidemiologic studies. Some studies included taking radiographs of hands and wrists to examine their skeletal structure. Of the studied sample (which included 2,130 participants; 1,161 female and 969 male), 3.55% were found to have brachydactyly
160:(1965). J.K. Breithenbecher (1923) found that distal phalanges of short thumbs were one-half the length of full-length thumbs, while R.M. Stecher (1957) claimed that it is approximately two-thirds. The condition may either be unilateral (affecting one thumb) or bilateral (affecting both).
791:
410:
Learman, Yaffa; Katznelson, Mariassa Bat-Miriam; Bonné-Tamir, BatSheva; Engel, Joel; Hertz, Marjorie; Goodman, Richard M.; Opitz, John M. (1981). "Symphalangism with multiple anomalies of the hands and feet: A new genetic trait".
744:
784:
777:
752:
769:
673:"Non-Syndromic Brachydactyly Type D and Type E Mapped to 7p15 in Healthy Children and Adults from the Jirel Ethnic Group in Eastern Nepal"
1371:
864:
33:
Clubbed thumb, thumb head, short thumb, potter's thumb, royal thumb, murderer's thumb, hammer thumb, stubbed thumb, stub thumb
282:
Rubinstein, Jack H. (1963-06-01). "Broad Thumbs and Toes and Facial
Abnormalities: A Possible Mental Retardation Syndrome".
1312:
247:
221:
clans living in a particular village, said percentage should be "considered with some reservation," according to
Goodman
180:
and is commonly developed or inherited independently of other hereditary traits. The condition is associated with the
799:
53:
1266:
985:
121:
of affected thumbs is approximately two-thirds the length of full-length thumbs. It is the most common type of
243:
1101:
804:
1271:
990:
820:
808:
250:
and was first used in a 1965 study. Stub thumbs have also been called murderer's thumb (allegedly among
1302:
327:"Inheritance of Glioma: The Genetic Aspects of Cerebral Glioma and Its Relation to Status Dysraphicus"
1356:
1276:
125:, or shortness of digits, affecting approximately 2–3% of the population, and is associated with the
1478:
1211:
854:
1248:
882:
859:
217:. However, as the survey's Arab test persons were mainly recruited from a handful of large and
64:
of a normal thumb (left) and a thumb with brachydactyly type D (right) showing distal phalange
1151:
816:
146:
type D is a skeletal condition which exhibits a 'partial fusion or premature closing of the
1366:
372:
388:
8:
1184:
800:
295:
209:
found that 3.05% of
Israeli Arabs had one or two short thumbs, compared with 1.57% among
177:
1046:
697:
672:
648:
613:
589:
554:
530:
505:
351:
326:
1381:
1361:
702:
653:
635:
594:
576:
535:
436:
428:
392:
338:
307:
299:
73:
1473:
1428:
1423:
1344:
1336:
1256:
1220:
1028:
980:
937:
692:
684:
643:
625:
584:
566:
525:
517:
420:
384:
346:
291:
78:
1444:
1179:
1009:
975:
928:
251:
187:
39:
373:"INHERITED ABNORMALITIES OF THE FINGERSII. Short Thumbs (Brachymegalodactylism)"
1307:
1238:
1202:
1174:
1096:
1000:
874:
210:
151:
118:
114:
65:
1467:
1317:
1261:
1228:
1111:
932:
639:
580:
432:
396:
342:
303:
173:
143:
122:
424:
1399:
1292:
1134:
1106:
892:
887:
706:
657:
630:
598:
571:
539:
311:
229:
193:
Various other studies supported an autosomal dominant pattern with reduced
132:
440:
246:
in 1963. "Stub thumb" is the common term preferred by the online database
1322:
1089:
1080:
965:
897:
61:
521:
1297:
1233:
1146:
1140:
1116:
1084:
1051:
1020:
970:
942:
688:
218:
194:
506:"A Genetic Study of Stub Thumbs Among Various Ethnic Groups in Israel"
1404:
1349:
1156:
1041:
1034:
1015:
947:
911:
147:
846:
842:
824:
169:
1414:
1072:
409:
156:
90:
Case of
Brachydactyly type D in both hands of a 16 year old male.
465:
228:
Cases of short thumbs have also been found in
Eastern Nepal for
206:
182:
127:
86:
110:
113:
being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider
957:
214:
1390:
920:
833:
503:
47:
Unilateral brachydactyly type D in a 15-year-old female
254:), hammer thumb, bohemian thumb, and potter's thumb.
466:"OMIM Entry - # 113200 - BRACHYDACTYLY, TYPE D; BDD"
16:
Abnormal shortening of the distal part of the thumb
1465:
109:, is a genetic trait clinically recognised by a
612:Temtamy, Samia A; Aglan, Mona S (2008-06-13).
553:Temtamy, Samia A; Aglan, Mona S (2008-06-13).
785:
611:
552:
792:
778:
281:
52:
38:
696:
647:
629:
588:
570:
529:
350:
670:
284:American Journal of Diseases of Children
85:
324:
1466:
370:
773:
389:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102395
1313:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
671:Williams, Kimberly D. (2013-09-10).
504:GOODMAN RM; ADAM A; SHEBA C (1965).
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
413:American Journal of Medical Genetics
366:
364:
362:
296:10.1001/archpedi.1963.02080040590010
277:
275:
273:
271:
269:
267:
154:of the thumb', according to Goodman
325:Macklin, Madge T. (December 1960).
248:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
200:
13:
803:malformations and deformations of
737:
713:
331:American Journal of Human Genetics
14:
1490:
677:American Journal of Human Biology
618:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
559:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
482:
447:
403:
359:
318:
264:
986:Congenital patellar dislocation
865:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
664:
605:
546:
236:
1:
257:
138:
371:Hefner, R. A. (1924-10-01).
7:
1272:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
1267:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
991:Congenital knee dislocation
809:musculoskeletal abnormality
510:Journal of Medical Genetics
205:A 1965 scientific study in
163:
10:
1495:
1303:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
186:gene, which is central in
1437:
1413:
1389:
1380:
1335:
1285:
1277:Treacher Collins syndrome
1247:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1167:
1128:reduction deficits / limb
1127:
1071:
1064:
999:
956:
919:
910:
873:
841:
832:
815:
244:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
213:as well as non-Ashkenazi
72:
60:
51:
46:
37:
29:
24:
1102:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
855:Cleidocranial dysostosis
1249:Craniofacial dysostosis
425:10.1002/ajmg.1320100308
805:musculoskeletal system
631:10.1186/1750-1172-3-15
572:10.1186/1750-1172-3-15
190:formation and growth.
91:
1357:Klippel–Feil syndrome
721:"Google Ngram Viewer"
89:
1367:Spina bifida occulta
883:Madelung's deformity
860:Sprengel's deformity
95:Brachydactyly type D
25:Brachydactyly type D
1185:RAPADILINO syndrome
522:10.1136/jmg.2.2.116
377:Journal of Heredity
337:(4 Pt 1): 448–449.
178:autosomal dominance
1047:Rocker bottom foot
689:10.1002/ajhb.22441
92:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1382:Thoracic skeleton
1362:Spondylolisthesis
1331:
1330:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1060:
1059:
906:
905:
131:gene, located on
84:
83:
19:Medical condition
1486:
1429:Pectus carinatum
1424:Pectus excavatum
1387:
1386:
1345:Spinal curvature
1337:Vertebral column
1257:Crouzon syndrome
1221:Craniosynostosis
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1073:fingers and toes
1069:
1068:
981:Discoid meniscus
938:Upington disease
917:
916:
839:
838:
830:
829:
794:
787:
780:
771:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
751:. Archived from
741:
735:
734:
732:
731:
725:books.google.com
717:
711:
710:
700:
668:
662:
661:
651:
633:
609:
603:
602:
592:
574:
550:
544:
543:
533:
501:
480:
479:
477:
476:
462:
445:
444:
407:
401:
400:
368:
357:
356:
354:
322:
316:
315:
279:
201:Hereditary trait
176:type D exhibits
97:, also known as
79:Medical genetics
56:
42:
22:
21:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1479:Irregular bones
1464:
1463:
1462:
1449:
1445:Poland syndrome
1433:
1409:
1376:
1327:
1281:
1243:
1189:
1180:Larsen syndrome
1168:multiple joints
1163:
1123:
1056:
995:
976:Genu recurvatum
952:
929:Hip dislocation
902:
869:
819:
811:
798:
768:
767:
758:
756:
745:"Google Trends"
743:
742:
738:
729:
727:
719:
718:
714:
669:
665:
614:"Brachydactyly"
610:
606:
555:"Brachydactyly"
551:
547:
502:
483:
474:
472:
464:
463:
448:
408:
404:
383:(10): 433–439.
369:
360:
323:
319:
280:
265:
260:
252:fortune tellers
239:
219:closely related
203:
166:
141:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Dolichocephaly
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1239:Trigonocephaly
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1212:Skull and face
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Arthrogryposis
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1097:Arachnodactyly
1094:
1093:
1092:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1005:
1003:
1001:foot deformity
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
962:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
925:
923:
914:
908:
907:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
875:hand deformity
871:
870:
868:
867:
862:
857:
851:
849:
836:
827:
813:
812:
797:
796:
789:
782:
774:
766:
765:
736:
712:
683:(6): 743–750.
663:
604:
545:
481:
446:
402:
358:
317:
290:(6): 588–608.
262:
261:
259:
256:
238:
235:
202:
199:
165:
162:
152:distal phalanx
140:
137:
119:distal phalanx
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
68:of said thumb.
66:brachyphalangy
58:
57:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1491:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1372:Sacralization
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Plagiocephaly
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Hypertelorism
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Scaphocephaly
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:Brachydactyly
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:Either / both
1063:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
959:
955:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
933:Hip dysplasia
930:
927:
926:
924:
922:
918:
915:
913:
909:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
837:
835:
831:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
776:
775:
772:
755:on 2021-10-31
754:
750:
749:Google Trends
746:
740:
726:
722:
716:
708:
704:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
659:
655:
650:
645:
641:
637:
632:
627:
623:
619:
615:
608:
600:
596:
591:
586:
582:
578:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
549:
541:
537:
532:
527:
523:
519:
516:(2): 116–21.
515:
511:
507:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
471:
467:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:(3): 245–55.
418:
414:
406:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
367:
365:
363:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
321:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
278:
276:
274:
272:
270:
268:
263:
255:
253:
249:
245:
242:that defined
234:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
198:
196:
191:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:brachydactyly
171:
161:
159:
158:
153:
149:
145:
144:Brachydactyly
136:
134:
133:chromosome 2q
130:
129:
124:
123:brachydactyly
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:clubbed thumb
104:
100:
96:
88:
80:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1293:Macrocephaly
1139:
1135:Acheiropodia
1107:Ectrodactyly
1027:
1008:
893:Oligodactyly
888:Clinodactyly
817:Appendicular
757:. Retrieved
753:the original
748:
739:
728:. Retrieved
724:
715:
680:
676:
666:
621:
617:
607:
562:
558:
548:
513:
509:
473:. Retrieved
469:
416:
412:
405:
380:
376:
334:
330:
320:
287:
283:
240:
227:
222:
204:
192:
181:
167:
155:
142:
126:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
1323:Saddle nose
1090:Webbed toes
1081:Polydactyly
966:Genu valgum
898:Polydactyly
237:Terminology
99:short thumb
30:Other names
1468:Categories
1298:Platybasia
1234:Oxycephaly
1147:Phocomelia
1141:Ectromelia
1117:Stub thumb
1085:Syndactyly
1052:Hammer toe
1021:Pigeon toe
971:Genu varum
943:Coxa valga
801:Congenital
759:2019-08-17
730:2019-08-17
475:2019-08-17
258:References
195:penetrance
139:Physiology
103:stub thumb
1350:Scoliosis
1157:Hemimelia
1042:Pes cavus
1035:Flat feet
1016:Club foot
948:Coxa vara
640:1750-1172
581:1750-1172
433:1096-8628
397:0022-1503
343:0002-9297
304:0002-922X
211:Ashkenazi
150:with the
148:epiphysis
117:bed. The
74:Specialty
1400:Cervical
847:shoulder
843:clavicle
825:dysmelia
707:24022874
658:18554391
599:18554391
540:14295653
470:omim.org
312:13983033
233:type D.
225:(1965).
164:Genetics
1474:Fingers
1415:sternum
698:3968259
649:2441618
590:2441618
531:1012845
441:6272576
352:1932168
188:digital
172:trait,
170:genetic
157:et alia
1438:other:
1152:Amelia
1029:valgus
705:
695:
656:
646:
638:
624:: 15.
597:
587:
579:
565:: 15.
538:
528:
439:
431:
395:
349:
341:
310:
302:
223:et al.
207:Israel
183:HOXD13
135:31.1.
128:HOXD13
1405:Bifid
1286:other
1203:Axial
1010:varus
230:Jirel
111:thumb
105:, or
62:X-ray
1391:ribs
958:knee
834:Arms
821:limb
703:PMID
654:PMID
636:ISSN
595:PMID
577:ISSN
536:PMID
437:PMID
429:ISSN
393:ISSN
339:ISSN
308:PMID
300:ISSN
215:Jews
115:nail
921:hip
912:Leg
693:PMC
685:doi
644:PMC
626:doi
585:PMC
567:doi
526:PMC
518:doi
421:doi
385:doi
347:PMC
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