192:
1537:
159:
1333:
1276:, the boyars had lost nearly all independent power. Instead of going to Moscow to gain more power, the boyars felt defeated, and felt compelled to go to Moscow to maintain a united and strong Russia. Second, the boyars lost their independent principalities, where they maintained all their power, and instead governed districts and regions under the grand prince of the time. Boyars also lost their advisory influence over the grand prince with tools such as the duma, and instead the grand prince no longer felt compelled to listen to the demands of the boyars. The tsar no longer feared losing their military support, and unification of Muscovy became paramount in importance. With
306:
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43:
1178:
1402:, which had suzerainty over the area. After the appearance of more advanced political structures in the area, their privileged status had to be confirmed by the central power, which used this prerogative to include in the boyar class individuals that distinguished themselves in the military or civilian functions they performed, by allocating them lands from the princely domains.
174:
1292:
who stated that the reforms Peter made helped destroy
Russian tradition, and created people that tried to "worm their way up, by flattering and humoring the monarch and the grandees in every way." Still, the reforms continued, as by this point, the tsar possessed too much power, and Russia became an absolute monarchy more and more with each ruler.
1504:
as chiefs of the ancient rural communities, had held land before the formation of the feudal states, such that the prince merely confirmed their preexisting status as landowners; and those who acquired their domain from a princely donation or who had inherited it from an ancestor who acquired it through such a donation (
1503:
Although functions could only be accorded by the prince and were not hereditary, land possession was hereditary. The prince could give land to somebody but could not take it from its possessor except for serious reasons such as treason. Therefore, there were two kinds of boyars: those whose families,
1221:
Instead of the grand prince personally overseeing his lands, he had to rely on his captains and close advisors to oversee day-to-day operations. Instead of the great voice the boyars had previously in their advisory roles, they now had less bargaining power and mobility. They answered questions posed
1197:
in
Muscovy. Because of Ivan III's expansionist policies, administrative changes were needed in order to ease the burden of governing Muscovy. Small principalities knew their loyal subjects by name, but after the consolidation of territories under Ivan, familial loyalty and friendship with the boyar's
1138:
From the 9th to 13th century, boyars wielded considerable power through their military support of the Rus's princes. Power and prestige of many of them, however, soon came to depend almost completely on service to the state, family history of service and, to a lesser extent, land ownership. Boyars of
1252:
terror purges. Land grants were also given to subjects that provided military service, and soon this type of land grant became the more common compared to inherited land among the boyars. Ivan IV consolidated his power, centralized royal power, and made every effort possible to curb the influence of
1217:
were ousted. What is interesting about the boyars is their implied duties. Because boyars were not constitutionally instituted, much of their powers and duties came from agreements signed between princes. Agreements, such as one between Ivan III and
Mikhail Borisovich in 1484 showed how allegiances
1168:
Boyars in
Novgorod and Pskov formed a sort of republic, where the power of princes (knyaz) was strongly limited until the conquest by Moscow. Boyars kept their influence in the Russian principalities of Vladimir, Tver and Moscow. Only after the centralization of power by Moscow was the power of the
1563:
The difference of condition was visible even in the vestimentation or physical aspect. Only the boyars of the first state had the right, for example, to grow a beard, the rest being entitled only to a mustache. Within the class of the boyars of the first state, there was the subclass of the "grand
1291:
Peter was driving out the conservative and religious faction of the boyars out of the courts, and instead using both foreign and
Russian officials to fill the administrative system. Several boyars, as well as other nobility, spoke out against these reforms, including historian Mikhail Shcherbatov,
1244:
Ivan IV became the grand prince of all
Muscovy in 1533 at the age of three, but various boyar factions tried to compete for control of the regency. When Ivan IV came to power in 1547, much more of the boyars' independent political power became obsolete. The independence and autonomy experienced by
1287:
regiments in 1698, Peter the Great returned to Russia, forcing government officials and those that were financially able to have clean shaven faces and wear
Western clothing. Peter also reformed the judicial system, and created a senate with members appointed by him, replacing the old council of
1237:. The boyars gained rewards and gifts as well. Some boyars were sent to regions as governors, and could “feed off” the locals in this way. Still, by the end of the 15th century, boyar membership had declined, and merit rather than family background decided who became a boyar. When
1245:
the princes of the regions in
Muscovy was abolished under Ivan IV by the end of the sixteenth century, making them "the prince's sons", or just simple boyars serving the Grand Prince. Ivan IV divided Muscovy into two parts in 1565, and in the private part, the terror began.
1556:: these functions began to be considered as noble titles, like in the Occident. In fact, this was not at all the case. Traditionally, the boyars were organized in three states: boyars of the first, second, and third states. For example, there was a first or a grand
1576:
Usually a prince was a boyar before his election or appointment as prince, but this was not an absolute condition. Initially, only princely descendants could be elected princes. During the
Phanariot epoch, however, any man could be a prince if appointed by the
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1453:). Being a boyar implied three things: being a land-owner, having serfs, and having a military and/or administrative function. A boyar could have a state function and/or a court function. These functions were called
1110:). The boyars of Serbia were literally "men for the battle" or the warrior class, in contrast to the peasants. They could own land but were obliged to defend it and fight for the king. With the rule of the
1268:
took over, the seventeenth century became one filled with administrative reform. A comprehensive legal code was introduced, and a merging of the boyars into the elite bureaucracy was beginning to form.
73:
823:
1248:
The boyars attempted to band together and resist, but instead of constitutionally establishing their role in government, Ivan IV ruthlessly crushed the boyar opposition with the use of the
1157:
After the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, the boyars from western and southern parts of Kievan Rus' (modern
Belarus and Ukraine) were incorporated into Lithuanian and Polish nobility (
668:
1264:
tried to proclaim himself tsar, but several boyar factions refused to recognize him. The chaos continued after the first False Dmitriy gained the throne, and civil war erupted. When the
1721:
2183:
2302:
1528:
régime, there were also boyars who had no land at all, but only a function. This way, the number of boyars could be increased, by selling functions to those who could afford them.
191:
97:
1201:
Boyar membership, until the 16th century, did not necessarily require one to be Russian, or even Orthodox, as historians note that many boyars came from places like
661:
1536:
654:
2293:
1409:, such as advancing the theory that the vast majority of the nobility in the medieval states that made up the territory of modern-day Romania was of
1161:). In the 16th and 17th centuries, many of those Rus boyars who failed to get the status of a nobleman actively participated in the formation of the
882:
Multiple different derivation theories of the word have been suggested by scholars and linguists, such as it having possible roots from old Turkic:
107:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1288:
boyars that originally advised the tsar. This move he made was one of many that dismantled the powers and status the boyars previously possessed.
1222:
by the grand prince, and Ivan III even made sure to get their approval on special events, such as his marriage to Zoe Paleologa, or the attack on
270:
2192:
1233:
also made sure that peasants could not leave the princes' lands, or from one place to another, in the mid-1400s, effectively establishing
1597:
hierarchy, and thus the ultimate form of boyardness. The title of Prince of Wallachia or Moldavia was equivalent in dignity to that of a
2281:
1748:
2323:
1283:
Peter the Great, who took power in 1697, took it upon himself to westernize Russia, and catch it up with the modern world. After the
1394:, who made their judicial and administrative attributions hereditary and gradually expanded them upon other communities. They were
2237:
1552:
The close alliance between the boyar condition and the military-administrative functions led to a confusion, aggravated by the
1280:, the final nail in the coffin happened for the boyar's power, and they would never recover from his administrative reforms.
2252:(in Romanian) Eugen Istodor, "Revoluția lui Djuvara: „Românii erau numiți cumanii negri" ", interview with Neagu Djuvara in
1829:
Bushkovitch, Paul (2004). "Princes Cherkaaskii or Circassian Murzas: The Kabardians in the Russian Boyar Elite, 1560–1700".
92:
2343:
1139:
Kievan Rus were visually very similar to knights, but after the Mongol invasion, their cultural links were mostly lost.
158:
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2063:
115:
263:
128:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1351:
709:
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1465:. Only the prince had the power to assign a boierie. Landowners with serfs but no function were categorized as
915:
1185:
During the 14th and 15th centuries, the boyars of Moscow had considerable influence that continued from the
1150:. They received extensive grants of land and, as members of the Boyars' Duma, were the major legislators of
256:
1564:
boyars". Those were great landowners who also had some very high functions, such as the function of great
1681:
Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary, Volume I, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences publishing house, 1971, p. 71
1198:
subjects turned those same subjects into administrative lists. The face of provincial rule disappeared.
2328:
2348:
1614:
1313:
123:
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1560:, a second postelnic, and a third postelnic, each one with his different obligations and rights.
1406:
1055:
1016:
990:. In support of this hypothesis is the 10th-century diplomatic protocol of the Byzantine Emperor
961:
780:
2353:
1006:
852:
721:
697:
17:
1086:; meaning "free warrior" (or "free man" in general), it was the first rank after the non-free
2318:
1305:
1186:
144:
1256:
After Ivan IV, a time of troubles began when his son Fedor died without an heir, ending the
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terms exchanged the Serbian one. Today, it is an archaic term representing the aristocracy (
55:
1752:
1477:, literally "of boyar bone"). Small landowners who possessed a domain without distinction (
1300:
The Galician nobility originally were called boyars. With the annexation of Galicia by the
595:
8:
974:, which denoted a high aristocratic status among the Bulgars. It was probably built from
717:
905:"boi" (oxen, cattle) to "Boier" (owner of cattle). The title entered Old East Slavic as
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2110:
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1983:
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1226:. This was to ensure the boyars and their military power remained loyal to the tsar.
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régime, the title of Prince became an administrative function within the imperial
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became the tsar, more radical changes were implemented to limit boyar influence.
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This article is about the title of nobility. For people with the surname, see
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1308:, local boyars were equated since 1430 in rights along with Polish nobility (
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1749:"Constantine Porphyrogenitus, de Cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae, II, 46–47"
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2010:
1975:
1937:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1142:
The boyars occupied the highest state offices and, through a council (
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aristocrats (mostly of regional governors and noble warriors) in the
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origin and not Romanian: "Romanians were called the black Cumans".
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needed to be earned and secured, rather than implied and enforced.
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1617:"), known in Norway as the signal tune for the radio programme
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Wallachian and Moldavian noblemen (late sixteenth century)
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Historian Djuvara explained the hypotheses concerning the
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to this template: there are already 930 articles in the
2024:
Gustave, Alef (1967). "Reflections on the Boyar Duma".
1997:
Alef, Gustave (1967). "Reflections on the Boyar Duma".
1924:
Gustave, Alef (1967). "Reflections on the Boyar Duma".
1897:
Gustave, Alef (1967). "Reflections on the Boyar Duma".
1802:
Gustave, Alef (1967). "Reflections on the Boyar Duma".
1360:
regions inhabited by present day Romanians, the boyar (
847:
word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the
1722:"Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary : Query result"
2298:
Boyars in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984).
2134:
2132:
1421:
The Romanian social hierarchy was composed of boyar,
1125:
1105:
1077:
785:
1689:
1687:
1489:, while the serfs (indentured servants) were called
901:("man, men"), proto-Slavic "boj" (fight, battle) or
843:
is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the
80:
76:
a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
1629:requests that this piece be played during his play
1581:, and rich enough to buy this appointment from the
1327:
2129:
1743:
1741:
1613:wrote a march entitled "Bojarenes inntogsmarsj" ("
960:)—dates from the 10th century, and it is found in
1684:
1548:. The higher hats indicated higher social status.
1524:and in its feudal successor regimes). During the
1471:but were still considered to be of noble origin (
1312:). A great number of boyars fled to the lands of
998:, while the 9th-century Bulgar sources call them
2310:
2139:Vernadsky, George (1939). "Feudalism in Russi".
2093:Vernadsky, George (1939). "Feudalism in Russi".
2044:
1954:Vernadsky, George (1939). "Feudalism in Russi".
1568:. Above those grand boyars was only the prince.
1390:south of the river) of rural communities in the
1094:. The etymology of the term comes from the word
2191:. New York: Russell and Russell. Archived from
1738:
955:
765:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1422:
1385:
1375:
1367:
1361:
122:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
1949:
1947:
1181:A mounted Russian boyar from the 17th century
1119:
1099:
1071:
1050:is used as a nickname for the inhabitants of
662:
264:
2181:
1189:period. However, starting with the reign of
2285:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). p. 352.
1828:
696:in many Eastern European states, including
1944:
1858:"The Duty to Denounce in Muscovite Russia"
669:
655:
271:
257:
2138:
2092:
1953:
1873:
177:Russian boyars in the 16th–17th centuries
1855:
1716:
1714:
1535:
1331:
1176:
994:, where the Bulgarian nobles are called
732:, Boyars were second only to the ruling
689:was a member of the highest rank of the
172:
157:
2023:
1923:
1896:
1801:
1695:"PB Language - the Preslav Inscription"
1366:) class emerged from the chiefs (named
1114:after 1450, the Ottoman as well as the
14:
2311:
2222:
1604:
1589:suzerainty, and especially during the
1416:
922:
756:; variants in other languages include
2227:. New York: St. Martin's. p. 29.
2070:. Library of Congress. Archived from
2026:The Slavonic and East European Review
1999:The Slavonic and East European Review
1926:The Slavonic and East European Review
1899:The Slavonic and East European Review
1804:The Slavonic and East European Review
1711:
815:
794:
744:from the 10th to the 17th centuries.
2269:
1996:
1380:("judge") in the areas north of the
1172:
1082:) was equivalent to the rank of the
1005:A member of the nobility during the
298:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
36:
1061:
800:
24:
2061:
25:
2365:
2263:
1346:, an indication of his boyar rank
1133:
1019:, the corresponding title became
2324:Nobility from the Russian Empire
1352:Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia
1328:Boyars in Moldavia and Wallachia
1046:Presently in Bulgaria, the word
446:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
304:
190:
41:
2246:
2231:
2225:Makers of the Western Tradition
2175:
2086:
2017:
1990:
1917:
855:(681–1018). The plural form of
1890:
1849:
1822:
1766:
1675:
1031:, as well as its predecessor,
952:
132:You may also add the template
13:
1:
2185:A History of Russia, Volume 2
1668:
1571:
1342:Șerban Grădișteanu wearing a
867:inscriptions and rendered as
2068:Sam Houston State University
1631:The Dance of Death, Part One
1625:arranged it for solo piano.
1531:
747:
431:Crown prince, Crown princess
7:
2182:Kliuchevskii, V.O. (1960).
1636:
1213:for a generation after the
1126:
1106:
1078:
916:The Tale of Igor's Campaign
786:
104:will aid in categorization.
10:
2370:
1349:
1295:
1070:, the rank of the boyars (
162:Portrait of Russian boyar
79:Machine translation, like
29:
2256:, retrieved June 19, 2007
1780:(in Romanian), 2017-05-13
1615:Entry March of the Boyars
1498:
1120:
1100:
1072:
1054:—once the capital of the
956:
948:
833:
775:
766:
761:
386:Grand duke, Grand duchess
56:the corresponding article
2305:(archived 17 April 2009)
1508:the distinction between
1314:Great Duchy of Lithuania
879:of Byzantine documents.
27:Feudal aristocratic rank
2282:Encyclopædia Britannica
2242:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1407:origin of the Romanians
1056:Second Bulgarian Empire
1017:Second Bulgarian Empire
296:Imperial, royal, noble,
143:For more guidance, see
134:{{Translated|ru|Бояре}}
2344:Society of Kievan Rus'
2334:Bulgarian noble titles
1856:Kleimola, A.M (1972).
1831:Cahiers du Monde Russe
1601:with two horse-tails.
1549:
1491:
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1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1423:
1386:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1347:
1285:revolt of the streltsy
1182:
1007:First Bulgarian Empire
964:, also popular as old
853:First Bulgarian Empire
808:
710:Moldavia and Wallachia
633:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
178:
170:
1539:
1335:
1306:Galicia-Volhynia wars
1304:as the result of the
1180:
913:, attested solely in
509:Viscount, Viscountess
457:Marquess, Marchioness
391:Archduke, Archduchess
333:High king, High queen
176:
161:
145:Knowledge:Translation
116:copyright attribution
1699:groznijat.tripod.com
1209:, and some remained
519:Burgrave, Burgravine
462:Margrave, Margravine
2271:Bain, Robert Nisbet
2223:Kelley, J. (1991).
1609:Norwegian composer
1605:Cultural references
1417:The boyar condition
1260:dynasty. The boyar
1169:boyars diminished.
988:bright, enlightened
923:Bolyars in Bulgaria
796:[bɐˈjærʲɪn]
586:Baronet, Baronetess
186:
183:Early Slavic status
2064:"Muscovite Period"
1550:
1348:
1272:By the end of the
1183:
181:
179:
171:
124:interlanguage link
2329:Romanian nobility
1726:starling.rinet.ru
1627:August Strindberg
1546:Andrei Ryabushkin
1544:in a painting by
1522:Holy Roman Empire
1392:early Middle Ages
1302:Kingdom of Poland
1173:Tsardom of Russia
784:
679:
678:
643:Lord of the Manor
607:Knight, Chevalier
281:
280:
248:
238:
228:
218:
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156:
155:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
2361:
2349:Serbian nobility
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2278:
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2015:
2014:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1951:
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1941:
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1826:
1820:
1819:
1799:
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1787:
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1785:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1751:. Archived from
1745:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1653:Russian nobility
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1441:yeoman, freedman
1438:
1428:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1274:Time of Troubles
1129:
1123:
1122:
1116:Austro-Hungarian
1109:
1103:
1102:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1062:Boyars in Serbia
959:
958:
954:
950:
886:("noble, rich";
835:
827:
826:
825:
819:
817:[boˈjer]
814:
802:
798:
793:
789:
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777:
769:
768:
763:
724:. Comparable to
671:
664:
657:
316:Emperor, Empress
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102:|topic=
100:, and specifying
85:Google Translate
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2087:
2077:
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2062:Curtis, Glenn.
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2045:
2022:
2018:
1995:
1991:
1968:10.2307/2848599
1952:
1945:
1922:
1918:
1895:
1891:
1875:10.2307/2493761
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1850:
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1810:(104): 76–123.
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1474:din os boieresc
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1278:Peter the Great
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1146:), advised the
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863:is attested in
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488:Count, Countess
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2074:on 21 May 2016
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1638:
1635:
1619:Ønskekonserten
1606:
1603:
1573:
1570:
1533:
1530:
1500:
1497:
1483:) were called
1431:turkish: mazul
1418:
1415:
1400:Ottoman Empire
1374:("leader") or
1350:Main article:
1329:
1326:
1297:
1294:
1174:
1171:
1135:
1134:Boyars in Rus'
1132:
1112:Ottoman Empire
1063:
1060:
1052:Veliko Tarnovo
1039:("great") and
924:
921:
752:Also known as
749:
746:
722:Baltic Germans
677:
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1862:Slavic Review
1859:
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1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
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1755:on 2002-03-20
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803: бояре;
797:
788:
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773:
759:
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745:
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739:
738:grand princes
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98:main category
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52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2319:Noble titles
2280:
2248:
2233:
2224:
2200:. Retrieved
2193:the original
2184:
2177:
2144:
2140:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2067:
2032:(104): 109.
2029:
2025:
2019:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1959:
1955:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1807:
1803:
1782:, retrieved
1777:
1768:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:the original
1729:. Retrieved
1725:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1677:
1630:
1623:Edvard Grieg
1618:
1608:
1583:grand vizier
1575:
1562:
1551:
1540:Boyars with
1515:
1509:
1505:
1502:
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1440:
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987:
984:yarin, yarki
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838:
753:
751:
686:
682:
680:
569:
467:Marcher lord
209:
120:edit summary
111:
91:
61:
53:
2005:(104): 79.
1932:(104): 79.
1905:(104): 78.
1837:(1/2): 10.
1152:Kievan Rus'
1043:("minor").
927:The oldest
859:("noble"),
730:Grand Dukes
712:(and later
704:(and later
702:Kievan Rus'
203:(sovereign)
2313:Categories
2254:Cotidianul
2202:2016-05-12
2147:(3): 319.
2101:(3): 318.
1962:(3): 315.
1868:(4): 762.
1784:2022-05-07
1759:2006-11-13
1731:2023-01-12
1704:2023-01-12
1669:References
1660:- similar
1572:The prince
1554:Phanariots
1480:devălmășie
1456:dregătorie
1358:Carpathian
1337:Wallachian
1250:oprichnina
1231:grand duke
1148:grand duke
986:- meaning
978:- meaning
839:The title
720:and among
617:Druzhinnik
227:(retainer)
224:Druzhinnik
58:in Russian
2169:162612902
2123:162612902
1984:162612902
1778:Wikționar
1648:Okolnichy
1591:Phanariot
1558:postelnic
1532:Hierarchy
1526:Phanariot
1517:Briefadel
1203:Lithuania
945:Bulgarian
845:Bulgarian
781:romanized
758:Bulgarian
748:Etymology
718:Lithuania
529:Advocatus
524:Landgrave
514:Castellan
498:Ealdorman
138:talk page
90:Consider
2273:(1911).
2238:Szlachta
2141:Speculum
2095:Speculum
1956:Speculum
1843:20174844
1664:in Reich
1658:Freiherr
1637:See also
1396:approved
1318:Volhynia
1310:szlachta
1266:Romanovs
1224:Novgorod
1191:Ivan III
1159:szlachta
1127:plemstvo
1121:племство
1088:peasants
1025:bolyarin
996:boliades
962:Bulgaria
937:bolyarin
931:form of
903:romanian
894:") plus
873:boliades
869:boilades
834:βογιάρος
805:Romanian
698:Bulgaria
694:nobility
560:Lendmann
539:Starosta
414:Princess
288:a series
286:Part of
214:Szlachta
114:provide
2161:2848599
2115:2848599
2038:4205832
2011:4205832
1976:2848599
1938:4205832
1911:4205832
1884:2493761
1816:4205832
1774:"boier"
1643:Magnate
1595:Ottoman
1587:Ottoman
1520:in the
1462:boierie
1398:by the
1356:In the
1322:Podolia
1296:Galicia
1239:Ivan IV
1235:serfdom
1215:Mongols
1211:Muslims
1205:or the
1187:Muscovy
1163:Cossack
1048:bolyari
949:болярин
941:bolyari
875:in the
861:bolyare
787:boyarin
783::
772:Russian
767:болярин
734:princes
714:Romania
628:Esquire
591:Fidalgo
477:Voivode
419:consort
407:consort
374:dowager
369:consort
364:regnant
354:dowager
349:consort
321:dowager
247:(slave)
217:(noble)
136:to the
118:in the
60:.
2167:
2159:
2121:
2113:
2078:12 May
2036:
2009:
1982:
1974:
1936:
1909:
1882:
1841:
1814:
1579:sultan
1566:vornic
1511:Uradel
1499:Origin
1492:rumâni
1443:) and
1387:celnic
1384:, and
1382:Danube
1344:kalpak
1340:vornic
1207:Nogais
1165:army.
1096:battle
1079:bojari
1073:Боjари
1037:veliki
1029:Bolyar
1021:bolyar
968:title
966:Bulgar
957:боляри
939:, pl.
929:Slavic
896:Turkic
865:Bulgar
849:Bulgar
828:; and
776:боярин
754:bolyar
706:Russia
691:feudal
687:bolyar
596:Nobile
581:Ritter
565:Primor
534:Vidame
436:Herzog
402:Prince
379:mother
360:Queen
244:Kholop
18:Boyars
2339:Dukes
2196:(PDF)
2189:(PDF)
2165:S2CID
2157:JSTOR
2119:S2CID
2111:JSTOR
2034:JSTOR
2007:JSTOR
1980:S2CID
1972:JSTOR
1934:JSTOR
1907:JSTOR
1880:JSTOR
1839:JSTOR
1812:JSTOR
1599:Pasha
1468:mazil
1446:rumân
1436:răzeș
1425:mazil
1411:Cuman
1370:cneaz
1363:boier
1258:Rurik
1195:tsars
1092:serfs
1084:baron
1041:malki
1033:boila
1012:boila
1000:boila
971:boila
933:boyar
911:bylya
877:Greek
857:boila
841:Boila
830:Greek
809:boier
762:боляр
742:tsars
726:Dukes
683:boyar
570:Boyar
555:Thane
234:Smerd
210:Boyar
200:Knyaz
81:DeepL
2080:2016
1514:and
1451:serf
1377:jude
1320:and
1229:The
1144:duma
982:and
980:many
907:быля
813:IPA:
792:IPA:
493:Earl
441:Jarl
344:King
112:must
110:You
74:View
2149:doi
2103:doi
1964:doi
1870:doi
1506:cf.
1459:or
1433:),
1316:in
1130:).
1107:boj
1101:бој
1090:or
1066:In
1023:or
976:bol
953:pl.
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892:bay
888:cf.
884:bai
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764:or
740:or
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708:),
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166:by
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2279:.
2240:.
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2145:14
2143:.
2131:^
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2028:.
2003:45
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1978:.
1970:.
1960:14
1958:.
1946:^
1930:45
1928:.
1903:45
1901:.
1878:.
1866:31
1864:.
1860:.
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1154:.
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1002:.
951:,
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832::
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212:/
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2082:.
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2013:.
1986:.
1966::
1940:.
1913:.
1886:.
1872::
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1818:.
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