Boron nitride - Knowledge

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be problematic. In internal combustion engines, where graphite could be oxidized and turn into carbon sludge, h-BN with its superior thermal stability can be added to engine lubricants. As with all nano-particle suspensions, Brownian-motion settlement is a problem. Settlement can clog engine oil filters, which limits solid lubricant applications in a combustion engine to automotive racing, where engine re-building is common. Since carbon has appreciable solubility in certain alloys (such as steels), which may lead to degradation of properties, BN is often superior for high temperature and/or high pressure applications. Another advantage of h-BN over graphite is that its lubricity does not require water or gas molecules trapped between the layers. Therefore, h-BN lubricants can be used in vacuum, such as space applications. The lubricating properties of fine-grained h-BN are used in

1203: 1223: 1245: 2768:, namely a long cylinder with diameter of several to hundred nanometers and length of many micrometers, except carbon atoms are alternately substituted by nitrogen and boron atoms. However, the properties of BN nanotubes are very different: whereas carbon nanotubes can be metallic or semiconducting depending on the rolling direction and radius, a BN nanotube is an electrical insulator with a bandgap of ~5.5 eV, basically independent of tube chirality and morphology. In addition, a layered BN structure is much more thermally and chemically stable than a graphitic carbon structure. 436: 301: 1128:. The interlayer "registry" of these sheets differs, however, from the pattern seen for graphite, because the atoms are eclipsed, with boron atoms lying over and above nitrogen atoms. This registry reflects the local polarity of the B–N bonds, as well as interlayer N-donor/B-acceptor characteristics. Likewise, many metastable forms consisting of differently stacked polytypes exist. Therefore, h-BN and graphite are very close neighbors, and the material can accommodate carbon as a substituent element to form BNCs. BC 2666:

other. Cai et al., therefore, conducted systematic experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the intrinsic Raman spectrum of atomically thin boron nitride. It reveals that atomically thin boron nitride without interaction with a substrate has a G band frequency similar to that of bulk hexagonal boron nitride, but strain induced by the substrate can cause Raman shifts. Nevertheless, the Raman intensity of G band of atomically thin boron nitride can be used to estimate layer thickness and sample quality.

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resistance than graphene. Monolayer boron nitride is not oxidized till 700 °C and can sustain up to 850 °C in air; bilayer and trilayer boron nitride nanosheets have slightly higher oxidation starting temperatures. The excellent thermal stability, high impermeability to gas and liquid, and electrical insulation make atomically thin boron nitride potential coating materials for preventing surface oxidation and corrosion of metals and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as

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can lower the required pressure to 4–7 GPa and temperature to 1500 °C. As in diamond synthesis, to further reduce the conversion pressures and temperatures, a catalyst is added, such as lithium, potassium, or magnesium, their nitrides, their fluoronitrides, water with ammonium compounds, or hydrazine. Other industrial synthesis methods, again borrowed from diamond growth, use crystal growth in a temperature gradient, or explosive

25: 127: 2234: 1196:. Earlier optimistic reports predicted that the wurtzite form was very strong, and was estimated by a simulation as potentially having a strength 18% stronger than that of diamond. Since only small amounts of the mineral exist in nature, this has not yet been experimentally verified. Its hardness is 46 GPa, slightly harder than commercial borides but softer than the cubic form of boron nitride. 980: 894: 2657:), and many other 2D material-based electronic and photonic devices. As shown by electric force microscopy (EFM) studies, the electric field screening in atomically thin boron nitride shows a weak dependence on thickness, which is in line with the smooth decay of electric field inside few-layer boron nitride revealed by the first-principles calculations. 2670: 896: 176: 2361:

Hexagonal BN (h-BN) is the most widely used polymorph. It is a good lubricant at both low and high temperatures (up to 900 °C, even in an oxidizing atmosphere). h-BN lubricant is particularly useful when the electrical conductivity or chemical reactivity of graphite (alternative lubricant) would

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Boron nitride can be doped p-type with beryllium and n-type with boron, sulfur, silicon or if co-doped with carbon and nitrogen. Both hexagonal and cubic BN are wide-gap semiconductors with a band-gap energy corresponding to the UV region. If voltage is applied to h-BN or c-BN, then it emits UV light

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Raman spectroscopy has been a useful tool to study a variety of 2D materials, and the Raman signature of high-quality atomically thin boron nitride was first reported by Gorbachev et al. in 2011. and Li et al. However, the two reported Raman results of monolayer boron nitride did not agree with each

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Hexagonal and cubic BN (and probably w-BN) show remarkable chemical and thermal stabilities. For example, h-BN is stable to decomposition at temperatures up to 1000 °C in air, 1400 °C in vacuum, and 2800 °C in an inert atmosphere. The reactivity of h-BN and c-BN is relatively similar,

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The air stability of graphene shows a clear thickness dependence: monolayer graphene is reactive to oxygen at 250 °C, strongly doped at 300 °C, and etched at 450 °C; in contrast, bulk graphite is not oxidized until 800 °C. Atomically thin boron nitride has much better oxidation

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Atomically thin boron nitride is one of the strongest electrically insulating materials. Monolayer boron nitride has an average Young's modulus of 0.865TPa and fracture strength of 70.5GPa, and in contrast to graphene, whose strength decreases dramatically with increased thickness, few-layer boron

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from graphite. Direct conversion of hexagonal boron nitride to the cubic form has been observed at pressures between 5 and 18 GPa and temperatures between 1730 and 3230 °C, that is similar parameters as for direct graphite-diamond conversion. The addition of a small amount of boron oxide

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Atomically thin boron nitride has been found to have better surface adsorption capabilities than bulk hexagonal boron nitride. According to theoretical and experimental studies, atomically thin boron nitride as an adsorbent experiences conformational changes upon surface adsorption of molecules,

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Kim, Keun Su; Jakubinek, Michael B.; Martinez-Rubi, Yadienka; Ashrafi, Behnam; Guan, Jingwen; O'Neill, K.; Plunkett, Mark; Hrdina, Amy; Lin, Shuqiong; Dénommée, Stéphane; Kingston, Christopher; Simard, Benoit (2015). "Polymer nanocomposites from free-standing, macroscopic boron nitride nanotube

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Pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) generally has a hexagonal structure similar to hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), though it can exhibit stacking faults or deviations from the ideal lattice. Pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) shows some remarkable attributes, including exceptional chemical inertness, high

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developed and currently produces a line of paintable h-BN coatings that are used by manufacturers of molten aluminium, non-ferrous metal, and glass. Because h-BN is nonwetting and lubricious to these molten materials, the coated surface (i.e. mold or crucible) does not stick to the material.

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Because of its excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics and coatings are used high-temperature equipment. h-BN can be included in ceramics, alloys, resins, plastics, rubbers, and other materials, giving them self-lubricating properties. Such materials are suitable for

2980:, NbN, and BNC) is generally considered to be non-toxic and does not exhibit chemical activity in biological systems. Due to its excellent safety profile and lubricious properties, boron nitride finds widespread use in various applications, including cosmetics and food processing equipment. 2536:

Contrary to diamond, large c-BN pellets can be produced in a simple process (called sintering) of annealing c-BN powders in nitrogen flow at temperatures slightly below the BN decomposition temperature. This ability of c-BN and h-BN powders to fuse allows cheap production of large BN parts.

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As cubic boron nitride consists of light atoms and is very robust chemically and mechanically, it is one of the popular materials for X-ray membranes: low mass results in small X-ray absorption, and good mechanical properties allow usage of thin membranes, further reducing the absorption.

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structure of BN layers in h-BN reduces covalency and electrical conductivity, whereas the interlayer interaction increases resulting in higher hardness of h-BN relative to graphite. The reduced electron-delocalization in hexagonal-BN is also indicated by its absence of color and a large

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comparable or higher than diamond. Because of much better stability to heat and transition metals, c-BN surpasses diamond in mechanical applications, such as machining steel. The thermal conductivity of BN is among the highest of all electric insulators (see table).

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Pan, Chengbin; Ji, Yanfeng; Xiao, Na; Hui, Fei; Tang, Kechao; Guo, Yuzheng; Xie, Xiaoming; Puglisi, Francesco M.; Larcher, Luca (2017-01-01). "Coexistence of Grain-Boundaries-Assisted Bipolar and Threshold Resistive Switching in Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride".

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Atomically thin boron nitride has one of the highest thermal conductivity coefficients (751 W/mK at room temperature) among semiconductors and electrical insulators, and its thermal conductivity increases with reduced thickness due to less intra-layer coupling.

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Low-pressure deposition of thin films of cubic boron nitride is possible. As in diamond growth, the major problem is to suppress the growth of hexagonal phases (h-BN or graphite, respectively). Whereas in diamond growth this is achieved by adding hydrogen gas,

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Wurtzite BN can be obtained via static high-pressure or dynamic shock methods. The limits of its stability are not well defined. Both c-BN and w-BN are formed by compressing h-BN, but formation of w-BN occurs at much lower temperatures close to 1700 °C.

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Boron nitride tubules were first made in 1989 by Shore and Dolan This work was patented in 1989 and published in 1989 thesis (Dolan) and then 1993 Science. The 1989 work was also the first preparation of amorphous BN by B-trichloroborazine and cesium metal.

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increasing adsorption energy and efficiency. The synergic effect of the atomic thickness, high flexibility, stronger surface adsorption capability, electrical insulation, impermeability, high thermal and chemical stability of BN nanosheets can increase the

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and can absorb up to 160 times their weight in oil. They are resistant to oxidation in air at temperatures up to 1200 °C, and hence can be reused after the absorbed oil is burned out by flame. BN aerogels can be prepared by template-assisted

2334:. The major producers and consumers of BN are located in the United States, Japan, China and Germany. In 2000, prices varied from about $ 75–120/kg for standard industrial-quality h-BN and were about up to $ 200–400/kg for high purity BN grades. 1136:, having a honeycomb lattice structure of nearly the same dimensions. Unlike graphene, which is black and an electrical conductor, h-BN monolayer is white and an insulator. It has been proposed for use as an atomic flat insulating substrate or a 2385:. Because of its high price, h-BN was abandoned for this application. Its use was revitalized in the late 1990s with the optimization h-BN production processes, and currently h-BN is used by nearly all leading producers of cosmetic products for 5869:

Cai, Qiran; Du, Aijun; Gao, Guoping; Mateti, Srikanth; Cowie, Bruce C. C.; Qian, Dong; Zhang, Shuang; Lu, Yuerui; Fu, Lan (2016-08-29). "Molecule-Induced Conformational Change in Boron Nitride Nanosheets with Enhanced Surface Adsorption".

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Gorbachev, Roman V.; Riaz, Ibtsam; Nair, Rahul R.; Jalil, Rashid; Britnell, Liam; Belle, Branson D.; Hill, Ernie W.; Novoselov, Kostya S.; Watanabe, Kenji (2011-01-07). "Hunting for Monolayer Boron Nitride: Optical and Raman Signatures".

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setup, over areas up to about 10 cm. Owing to their hexagonal atomic structure, small lattice mismatch with graphene (~2%), and high uniformity they are used as substrates for graphene-based devices. BN nanosheets are also excellent

1152:. Consistent with diamond being less stable than graphite, the cubic form is less stable than the hexagonal form, but the conversion rate between the two is negligible at room temperature, as it is for diamond. The cubic form has the 4152:

Falin, Aleksey; Cai, Qiran; Santos, Elton J. G.; Scullion, Declan; Qian, Dong; Zhang, Rui; Yang, Zhi; Huang, Shaoming; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Barnett, Matthew R.; Chen, Ying; Ruoff, Rodney S.; Li, Lu Hua (2017-06-22).

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coating, commonly referred to as "moly". It is claimed to increase effective barrel life, increase intervals between bore cleaning and decrease the deviation in point of impact between clean bore first shots and subsequent shots.

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Park, Ji-Hoon; Park, Jin Cheol; Yun, Seok Joon; Kim, Hyun; Luong, Dinh Hoa; Kim, Soo Min; Choi, Soo Ho; Yang, Woochul; Kong, Jing; Kim, Ki Kang; Lee, Young Hee (2014). "Large-Area Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Pt Foil".

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h-BN parts can be fabricated inexpensively by hot-pressing with subsequent machining. The parts are made from boron nitride powders adding boron oxide for better compressibility. Thin films of boron nitride can be obtained by

2886:, mechanical strength, and stability makes it suitable for various applications including cutting tools and wear-resistant coatings, thermal and electrical insulation, aerospace and defense, and high-temperature components. 1544:

Those materials are extremely hard, with the hardness of bulk c-BN being slightly smaller and w-BN even higher than that of diamond. Polycrystalline c-BN with grain sizes on the order of 10 nm is also reported to have

2731:. The nanomesh looks like an assembly of hexagonal pores. The distance between two pore centers is 3.2 nm and the pore diameter is ~2 nm. Other terms for this material are boronitrene or white graphene. 5966:

Cai, Qiran; Mateti, Srikanth; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Huang, Shaoming; Chen, Ying; Li, Lu Hua (2016-06-14). "Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Veiled Gold Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering".

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For example, the hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity are much higher within the planes than perpendicular to them. On the contrary, the properties of c-BN and w-BN are more homogeneous and isotropic.

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Li, Lu Hua; Santos, Elton J. G.; Xing, Tan; Cappelluti, Emmanuele; Roldán, Rafael; Chen, Ying; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi (2015). "Dielectric Screening in Atomically Thin Boron Nitride Nanosheets".

784: 2517:) abrasives are therefore used for machining steel, whereas diamond abrasives are preferred for aluminum alloys, ceramics, and stone. When in contact with oxygen at high temperatures, BN forms a 6083: 756: 3110:

Brazhkin, Vadim V.; Solozhenko, Vladimir L. (2019). "Myths about new ultrahard phases: Why materials that are significantly superior to diamond in elastic moduli and hardness are impossible".

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Boron nitride nanotubes were predicted in 1994 and experimentally discovered in 1995. They can be imagined as a rolled up sheet of h-boron nitride. Structurally, it is a close analog of the

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material characterized by exceptional chemical resistance and mechanical strength at high temperatures. Pyrolytic boron nitride is typically prepared through the thermal decomposition of

2529:. For grinding applications, softer binders such as resin, porous ceramics and soft metals are used. Ceramic binders can be used as well. Commercial products are known under names " 2521:

of boron oxide. Boron nitride binds well with metals due to formation of interlayers of metal borides or nitrides. Materials with cubic boron nitride crystals are often used in the

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Hexagonal boron nitride can be exfoliated to mono or few atomic layer sheets. Due to its analogous structure to that of graphene, atomically thin boron nitride is sometimes called

4436: 2354: 2442:; it is usable up to 550–850 °C in oxidizing atmosphere and up to 1600 °C in vacuum, but due to the boron oxide content is sensitive to water. Grade HBR uses a 850: 3908:

Taniguchi, T.; et al. (2002). "Ultraviolet Light Emission from Self-Organized p–n Domains in Cubic Boron Nitride Bulk Single Crystals Grown Under High Pressure".

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Tararan, Anna; di Sabatino, Stefano; Gatti, Matteo; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Reining, Lucia; Tizei, Luiz H. G.; Kociak, Mathieu; Zobelli, Alberto (2018).

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Li, Lu Hua; Cervenka, Jiri; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Chen, Ying (2014). "Strong Oxidation Resistance of Atomically Thin Boron Nitride Nanosheets".

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and in steelmaking. Many quantum devices use multilayer h-BN as a substrate material. It can also be used as a dielectric in resistive random access memories.

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Boron nitride exists in multiple forms that differ in the arrangement of the boron and nitrogen atoms, giving rise to varying bulk properties of the material.

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in order to achieve BN concentration >98%. Such annealing also crystallizes BN, the size of the crystallites increasing with the annealing temperature.

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Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Kanda, H. (2004). "Direct-Bandgap Properties and Evidence for Ultraviolet Lasing of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Single Crystal".

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The amorphous form of boron nitride (a-BN) is non-crystalline, lacking any long-distance regularity in the arrangement of its atoms. It is analogous to

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Ouyang, Tao; Chen, Yuanping; Xie, Yuee; Yang, Kaike; Bao, Zhigang; Zhong, Jianxin (2010). "Thermal Transport in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoribbons".

2790:. It can have a density as low as 0.6 mg/cm and a specific surface area as high as 1050 m/g, and therefore has potential applications as an 2326:

Whereas the production and consumption figures for the raw materials used for BN synthesis, namely boric acid and boron trioxide, are well known (see

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Cai, Qiran; Scullion, Declan; Gan, Wei; Falin, Alexey; Zhang, Shunying; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Chen, Ying; Santos, Elton J. G. (2019).

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Cai, Qiran; Mateti, Srikanth; Yang, Wenrong; Jones, Rob; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Huang, Shaoming; Chen, Ying; Li, Lu Hua (2016-05-20).

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Falin, Aleksey; Cai, Qiran; Santos, Elton J.G.; Scullion, Declan; Qian, Dong; Zhang, Rui; Yang, Zhi; Huang, Shaoming; Watanabe, Kenji (2017-06-22).

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Kawaguchi, M.; et al. (2008). "Electronic Structure and Intercalation Chemistry of Graphite-Like Layered Material with a Composition of BC6N".

8527: 8244: 8233: 1847: 2330:), the corresponding numbers for the boron nitride are not listed in statistical reports. An estimate for the 1999 world production is 300 to 350 1908:

BN nanosheets consist of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). They are stable up to 800°C in air. The structure of monolayer BN is similar to that of

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Gao, Shitao; Li, Bin (2018). "Micromorphology and structure of pyrolytic boron nitride synthesized by chemical vapor deposition from borazine".

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Liu, Zheng; Gong, Yongji; Zhou, Wu; Ma, Lulu; Yu, Jingjiang; Idrobo, Juan Carlos; Jung, Jeil; MacDonald, Allan H.; Vajtai, Robert (2013-10-04).

2575:, or by thermal chemical vapor deposition methods. Thermal CVD can be also used for deposition of h-BN layers, or at high temperatures, c-BN. 2424:

as a charge leakage barrier layer of the photo drum. In the automotive industry, h-BN mixed with a binder (boron oxide) is used for sealing

505: 2428:, which provide feedback for adjusting fuel flow. The binder utilizes the unique temperature stability and insulating properties of h-BN. 6290: 2228: 3485:

Landolt-Börnstein – Group VIII Advanced Materials and Technologies: Powder Metallurgy Data. Refractory, Hard and Intermetallic Materials

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Cai, Qiran; Scullion, Declan; Falin, Aleksey; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Chen, Ying; Santos, Elton J. G.; Li, Lu Hua (2017).

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is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products. The cubic (

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Hu J, Ruan X, Chen YP (2009). "Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Rectification in Graphene Nanoribbons: A Molecular Dynamics Study".

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N hybrids have been synthesized, where carbon substitutes for some B and N atoms. Hexagonal boron nitride monolayer is analogous to

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Komatsu, T.; et al. (1999). "Creation of Superhard B–C–N Heterodiamond Using an Advanced Shock Wave Compression Technology".

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h-BN has been used since the mid-2000s as a bullet and bore lubricant in precision target rifle applications as an alternative to

1947:-sized inclusions in chromium-rich rocks. In 2013, the International Mineralogical Association affirmed the mineral and the name. 1900:. The thermal conductivity of zigzag-edged BNNRs is about 20% larger than that of armchair-edged nanoribbons at room temperature. 1896:, and can be comparable to the theoretical calculations for graphene nanoribbons. Moreover, the thermal transport in the BNNRs is 8943: 5180: 3775: 5802:

Chen, Xiaolong; Wu, Yingying; Wu, Zefei; Han, Yu; Xu, Shuigang; Wang, Lin; Ye, Weiguang; Han, Tianyi; He, Yuheng (2015-06-23).

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by up to two orders, and in the meantime attain long-term stability and reusability not readily achievable by other materials.

1188:. In the wurtzite form, the boron and nitrogen atoms are grouped into 6-membered rings. In the cubic form all rings are in the 175: 8983: 8978: 5293: 4989: 4633: 3500: 3274: 3078: 703: 6860: 3483:

Leichtfried, G.; et al. (2002). "13.5 Properties of diamond and cubic boron nitride". In P. Beiss; et al. (eds.).

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Due to a highly ordered planar texture similar to pyrolytic graphite (PG), it exhibits anisotropic properties such as lower

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Studies of Boron Nitride Crystallization from BN Solutions in Supercritical N–H Fluid at High Pressures and Temperatures".

3291: 2348: 61: 4485: 3487:. Landolt-Börnstein - Group VIII Advanced Materials and Technologies. Vol. 2A2. Berlin: Springer. pp. 118–139. 988: 730: 4972:

Puglisi, F. M.; Larcher, L.; Pan, C.; Xiao, N.; Shi, Y.; Hui, F.; Lanza, M. (2016-12-01). "2D h-BN based RRAM devices".

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Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and

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Dreger, Lloyd H.; et al. (1962). "Sublimation and Decomposition Studies on Boron Nitride and Aluminum Nitride".

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Crane, T. P.; Cowan, B. P. (2000). "Magnetic Relaxation Properties of Helium-3 Adsorbed on Hexagonal Boron Nitride".

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Similar to diamond, the combination in c-BN of highest thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity is ideal for

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also has developed boron nitride coatings that may be painted on a surface. Combustion of boron powder in nitrogen

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Boron nitride is not attacked by the usual acids, but it is soluble in alkaline molten salts and nitrides, such as

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Little is known on melting behavior of boron nitride. It degrades at 2973 °C, but melts at elevated pressure.

1120:/mmc) has a layered structure similar to graphite. Within each layer, boron and nitrogen atoms are bound by strong 1035: 4861:

Soma, T.; et al. (1974). "Characterization of Wurtzite Type Boron Nitride Synthesized by Shock Compression".

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Pan, Z.; et al. (2009). "Harder than Diamond: Superior Indentation Strength of Wurtzite BN and Lonsdaleite".

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Weissmantel, S. (1999). "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited Boron Nitride Films".

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Lipp, A.; Schwetz, K.A.; Hunold, K. (1989). "Hexagonal boron nitride: Fabrication, properties and applications".

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Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride is an excellent dielectric substrate for graphene, molybdenum disulfide (

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Bosak, Alexey; Serrano, Jorge; Krisch, Michael; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Kanda, Hisao (2006-01-19).

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The theoretical thermal conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) can approach 1700–2000

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strength, excellent thermal shock resistance, non-wettability, non-toxicity, oxidation resistance, and minimal

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The boron nitride nanomesh is air-stable and compatible with some liquids. up to temperatures of 800 °C.

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binder and is usable at 1600 °C. Grades HBC and HBT contain no binder and can be used up to 3000 °C.

643: 75: 2465:. Their high proton transport rate, combined with the high electrical resistance, may lead to applications in 1757:

protective layer prevents further oxidation to ~1300 °C; no conversion to hexagonal form at 1400 °C.

8938: 7165: 6727:"Diverse Classification Factors of Boron Nitride and Their Correlation with PBN, HBN, CBN, and ZSBN Variants" 2674: 4764:

Vel, L.; et al. (1991). "Cubic Boron Nitride: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Applications".

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BN nanotubes are flame resistant, as shown in this comparative test of airplanes made of cellullose, carbon

1184:, a rare hexagonal polymorph of carbon. As in the cubic form, the boron and nitrogen atoms are grouped into 8958: 2193:

in low yield. Boron nitride reacts with nitrides of lithium, alkaline earth metals and lanthanides to form

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Moore, A.W. (1990). "Characterization of pyrolytic boron nitride for semiconductor materials processing".

6804: 6766: 57: 7242: 4511: 414: 1912:, which has exceptional strength., a high-temperature lubricant, and a substrate in electronic devices. 1062:

is called c-BN; it is softer than diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior. The rare

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Goriachko, A.; et al. (2007). "Self-Assembly of a Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomesh on Ru(0001)".

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Berner, S.; et al. (2007). "Boron Nitride Nanomesh: Functionality from a Corrugated Monolayer".

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Some properties of h-BN and graphite differ within the basal planes (∥) and perpendicular to them (⟂)

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Li, Lu Hua; Chen, Ying (2016). "Atomically Thin Boron Nitride: Unique Properties and Applications".

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Fukunaga, O. (2002). "Science and Technology in the Recent Development of Boron Nitride Materials".

4276: 344: 8973: 8963: 8923: 8054: 7898: 7815: 7158: 6767:"Fabrication, characteristics, and applications of boron nitride and their composite nanomaterials" 3580: 1210: 1047: 862: 639: 431: 338: 7716: 1533:(planes where boron and nitrogen atoms are covalently bonded) and weak between them – causes high 8948: 8781: 2958: 2787: 2589: 2449: 2298: 1491: 35: 7072: 5451:"Mechanical properties of atomically thin boron nitride and the role of interlayer interactions" 5206: 4155:"Mechanical properties of atomically thin boron nitride and the role of interlayer interactions" 3578: 2823:

resistance of the resulting material. For the same purpose, BN is added also to silicon nitride-

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3m), the same as that of diamond (with ordered B and N atoms), and is also called β-BN or c-BN.

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is a nanostructured two-dimensional material. It consists of a single BN layer, which forms by

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Blase, X.; et al. (1994). "Stability and Band Gap Constancy of Boron Nitride Nanotubes".

6308: 6287: 4277:"Directional anisotropy, finite size effect and elastic properties of hexagonal boron nitride" 2533:" (by Hyperion Materials & Technologies), and "Elbor" or "Cubonite" (by Russian vendors). 8881: 7885: 7554: 7275: 7263: 5518:"High thermal conductivity of high-quality monolayer boron nitride and its thermal expansion" 5334:

El Khakani, M. A.; Chaker, M. (1993). "Physical Properties of the X-Ray Membrane Materials".

3810:"Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure" 2777: 798: 768: 188: 4688:

Doll, G. L.; et al. (1989). "Intercalation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Potassium".

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Lan, J. H.; et al. (2009). "Thermal Transport in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoribbons".

3393: 858: 8840: 8756: 8081: 7911: 7590: 7562: 7096: 6992: 6898: 6666: 6631: 6569: 6518: 6475: 6436: 6320: 6211: 6155: 5986: 5889: 5825: 5766: 5722:"Nanosheets: Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Metal Protection (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 8/2014)" 5678: 5614: 5539: 5472: 5415: 5343: 5138: 5022: 4893:

Greim, Jochen; Schwetz, Karl A. (2005). "Boron Carbide, Boron Nitride, and Metal Borides".

4800: 4735: 4697: 4662: 4412: 4398:"Qingsongite, natural cubic boron nitride: The first boron mineral from the Earth's mantle" 4343: 4288: 4241: 4176: 4110: 4059: 4014: 3979: 3917: 3866: 3821: 3723: 3680: 3645: 3602: 3529: 3448: 3405: 3366: 3211: 3172: 3129: 2557: 2477: 2410: 1555: 1386: 402: 278: 214: 82: 2882:

resistance over a wide temperature range. Its unique combination of thermal conductivity,

2786:

made of highly porous BN. It typically consists of a mixture of deformed BN nanotubes and

854: 8: 8968: 8326: 7801: 6142:

Song, Yangxi; Li, Bin; Yang, Siwei; Ding, Guqiao; Zhang, Changrui; Xie, Xiaoming (2015).

5309: 5265: 4300: 4122: 3009: 2989: 2290: 2183: 2172: 1781: 1336: 1189: 1125: 1108:

The most stable crystalline form is the hexagonal one, also called h-BN, α-BN, g-BN, and

204: 6996: 6902: 6670: 6635: 6573: 6522: 6479: 6440: 6324: 6215: 6159: 5990: 5893: 5829: 5770: 5682: 5618: 5543: 5476: 5419: 5347: 5142: 5026: 4804: 4739: 4701: 4666: 4416: 4347: 4292: 4245: 4180: 4114: 4063: 4018: 3983: 3921: 3870: 3825: 3727: 3684: 3649: 3606: 3533: 3452: 3409: 3370: 3215: 3176: 3133: 2513:

at high temperatures, whereas diamond is soluble in these metals. Polycrystalline c-BN (

435: 300: 258: 238: 8953: 8791: 8766: 8488: 8409: 8041: 8037: 7298: 7237: 6820: 6682: 6585: 6542: 6235: 6176: 6143: 6121: 6095: 6064: 6038: 6010: 5976: 5905: 5879: 5846: 5815: 5804:"High-quality sandwiched black phosphorus heterostructure and its quantum oscillations" 5803: 5702: 5668: 5638: 5604: 5568: 5529: 5517: 5493: 5462: 5450: 5431: 5405: 5162: 5128: 4995: 4954: 4816: 4428: 4205: 4166: 4154: 4134: 4083: 4049: 3890: 3747: 3618: 3592: 3561: 3247: 3234: 3199: 3145: 3119: 2836: 2639: 2470: 2302: 1916: 1193: 7031: 4847: 4812: 4556: 4331: 4229: 3460: 8933: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8811: 8761: 8746: 8473: 8399: 8365: 8285: 8201: 8109: 7977: 7950: 7752: 7628: 7247: 7229: 7139: 7004: 6969: 6705: 6686: 6589: 6581: 6534: 6491: 6363: 6270: 6227: 6181: 6125: 6113: 6056: 6014: 6002: 5951: 5851: 5784: 5694: 5642: 5630: 5573: 5555: 5498: 5435: 5369:

Schmolla, W. (1985). "Positive Drift Effect of BN-InP Enhancement N-Channel MISFET".

5289: 5251: 5223: 5154: 5101: 5063: 5038: 4985: 4958: 4906: 4874: 4820: 4777: 4629: 4432: 4359: 4312: 4304: 4257: 4210: 4192: 4126: 4075: 3882: 3839: 3790: 3739: 3696: 3622: 3565: 3553: 3545: 3496: 3421: 3378: 3343: 3320: 3270: 3239: 3087: 2999: 2903: 2852: 2728: 2484:

h-BN is used as a release agent in molten metal and glass applications. For example,

2439: 2286: 2269: 2160: 1834: 1821: 1777: 1416: 633: 597: 6546: 6239: 6068: 5909: 5755:"Ultrathin high-temperature oxidation-resistant coatings of hexagonal boron nitride" 4999: 4570:

Paine, Robert T.; Narula, Chaitanya K. (1990). "Synthetic Routes to Boron Nitride".

4138: 3894: 3251: 3149: 2693:

red dye and is floating on water. Bottom: reuse of the aerogel after burning in air.

812: 8845: 8776: 8771: 8583: 8578: 8562: 8557: 8468: 8307: 8298: 8186: 8181: 8163: 8158: 8099: 8017: 7920: 7221: 7058: 7054: 7027: 7000: 6965: 6906: 6816: 6778: 6674: 6657:

Golberg, D.; Bando, Y.; Tang, C. C.; Zhi, C. Y. (2007). "Boron Nitride Nanotubes".

6639: 6577: 6526: 6483: 6444: 6401: 6355: 6328: 6262: 6219: 6171: 6163: 6144:"Ultralight boron nitride aerogels via template-assisted chemical vapor deposition" 6105: 6048: 5994: 5946: 5936: 5897: 5841: 5833: 5774: 5733: 5706: 5686: 5622: 5563: 5547: 5488: 5480: 5423: 5378: 5351: 5166: 5146: 5093: 5030: 4977: 4944: 4936: 4898: 4870: 4843: 4808: 4773: 4743: 4705: 4670: 4606: 4579: 4552: 4420: 4351: 4296: 4249: 4200: 4184: 4118: 4087: 4067: 4022: 3987: 3952: 3925: 3874: 3829: 3751: 3731: 3692: 3688: 3653: 3610: 3537: 3488: 3456: 3413: 3374: 3229: 3219: 3180: 3137: 2828: 2626: 2462: 2168: 1789: 1785: 1546: 1467: 1094: 1028: 608: 586: 528: 7018:

Rebillat, F.; Guette, A. (1997). "Highly ordered pyrolytic BN obtained by LPCVD".

4902: 4332:"Strong anisotropy in strength and toughness in defective hexagonal boron nitride" 3033:

Here wetting refers to the ability of a molten metal to keep contact with solid BN

366: 8824: 8806: 8796: 8786: 8643: 8616: 8446: 8404: 8394: 8378: 8280: 8129: 8119: 7995: 7982: 7963: 7765: 7732: 7699: 7693: 7606: 7574: 7416: 7318: 7255: 7205: 7181: 6782: 6530: 6405: 6294: 5283: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2816: 2765: 2122: 1919:

depends on the system size. h-BN also exhibits strongly anisotropic strength and

1811: 954: 327: 5224:"Wettability, Spreading, and Interfacial Phenomena in High-Temperature Coatings" 5119:

Hu, S.; et al. (2014). "Proton transport through one-atom-thick crystals".

4330:

Ahmed, Tousif; Procak, Allison; Hao, Tengyuan; Hossain, Zubaer M. (2019-04-17).

4230:"Elasticity of hexagonal boron nitride: Inelastic x-ray scattering measurements" 3714:

Tian, Yongjun; et al. (2013). "Ultrahard nanotwinned cubic boron nitride".

2831:-alumina ceramics. Other materials being reinforced with BN include alumina and 1892:), which has the same order of magnitude as the experimental measured value for 8876: 8801: 8751: 8669: 8507: 8460: 8435: 8355: 8090: 8067: 8022: 7930: 7875: 7855: 7829: 7689: 7582: 7520: 7496: 7487: 7464: 7440: 7428: 7404: 7380: 7195: 7120: 6332: 4355: 4253: 4026: 3614: 3541: 3184: 3004: 2681: 2443: 2436: 1924: 1802: 971: 959: 944: 826: 5382: 4981: 4497: 3657: 8917: 8517: 8336: 8217: 8142: 7783: 7742: 7540: 7508: 6487: 5559: 4467: 4363: 4308: 4261: 4196: 3794: 2946: 2840: 2820: 2712: 2541: 2425: 2421: 2371: 2278: 2194: 1121: 1039: 949: 834: 660: 575: 289: 6886: 6223: 5237: 3834: 3809: 3517: 2737: 8540: 8498: 8266: 7940: 7326: 6678: 6538: 6495: 6367: 6359: 6274: 6231: 6185: 6117: 6060: 6052: 6006: 5998: 5941: 5924: 5901: 5855: 5788: 5738: 5721: 5698: 5634: 5577: 5551: 5502: 5427: 5158: 5105: 4940: 4610: 4316: 4214: 4130: 4079: 3886: 3843: 3776:"Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) – Applications from Metallurgy to Cosmetics" 3743: 3700: 3557: 3425: 3243: 2870:, enhancing its thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength through a 2607:

nitride sheets have a strength similar to that of monolayer boron nitride.

2526: 2432: 1360: 1137: 5266:"INTERFACIAL REACTION WETTING IN THE BORON NITRIDE/MOLTEN ALUMINUM SYSTEM" 918: 7392: 7356: 4949: 4424: 3417: 2874:

process. It offers better performance characteristics including Superior

2795: 2686: 2331: 1940: 1897: 1530: 1258: 1181: 1067: 6805:"Boron nitride (BN) and BN composites for high-temperature applications" 6084:"Raman signature and phonon dispersion of atomically thin boron nitride" 5484: 5150: 4583: 4453: 4377:

Dobrzhinetskaya, L.F.; et al. (2013). "Qingsongite, IMA 2013-030".

4188: 3956: 3735: 3361:

Zedlitz, R. (1996). "Properties of Amorphous Boron Nitride Thin Films".

904: 7870: 7845: 7452: 7310: 6448: 6109: 5837: 5779: 5754: 4623: 3200:"Chemical and Bandgap Engineering in Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride" 2950: 2930: 2923: 2919: 2742: 2466: 2417: 2394: 2274: 1534: 1521: 1230: 1185: 1016: 911: 544: 309: 269: 6910: 6643: 6266: 6167: 5690: 5626: 5097: 5034: 4747: 4071: 3991: 3929: 3549: 3518:"Tuning colour centres at a twisted hexagonal boron nitride interface" 3224: 3141: 1554:

in the range 215–250 nm and therefore can potentially be used as

7676: 7650: 5355: 4709: 4674: 3878: 3083: 2942: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2720: 2398: 2363: 1920: 1760:

In nitrogen: some conversion to h-BN at 1525 °C after 12 h.

6463: 5013:

Schein, L. B. (1988). "Electrophotography and Development Physics".

4597:

Tornieporth-Oetting, I.; Klapötke, T. (1990). "Nitrogen Triiodide".

4569: 4540: 1960:

Hexagonal boron nitride is obtained by the treating boron trioxide (

970:

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their

24: 7368: 6100: 5981: 5884: 5609: 5534: 5467: 5410: 4596: 4171: 3597: 3492: 3124: 2911: 2863: 2832: 2804: 2724: 2708: 2703: 2690: 2568: 2522: 2498: 2453: 2402: 1909: 1893: 1526: 1441: 1214: 1133: 1051: 1024: 877: 7150: 6309:"Surface X-Ray Diffraction Study of Boron-Nitride Nanomesh in Air" 6043: 5820: 5673: 5133: 4054: 3856: 2794:, catalyst support and gas storage medium. BN aerogels are highly 2237:

Structure of hexagonal boron nitride intercalated with potassium (

870: 237: 7667: 7652: 7340: 6752:

New Steel: Mini & Integrated Mill Management and Technologies

2994: 2938: 2934: 2907: 2899: 2879: 2824: 2783: 2716: 2715:

a highly regular mesh after high-temperature exposure of a clean

2572: 2530: 2390: 1983: 1927:, showing that the anisotropy is independent to the defect type. 1619: 1276:

Properties of amorphous and crystalline BN, graphite and diamond.

1236: 1149: 1148:

Cubic boron nitride has a crystal structure analogous to that of

1059: 912: 830: 565: 353: 146:

parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.

6425: 2677:. The center of each ring corresponds to the center of the pores 2233: 7788: 7348: 3581:"Optical gap and optically active intragap defects in cubic BN" 2862:

Zirconia Stabilized Boron Nitride (ZSBN) is produced by adding

2561: 2506: 2375: 1944: 1889: 1043: 838: 6509:

Chopra, N. G.; et al. (1995). "Boron Nitride Nanotubes".

4726:(March 1961). "Synthesis of the Cubic Form of Boron Nitride". 4515: 808: 580:

2,973 °C (5,383 °F; 3,246 K) sublimates (c-BN)

6502: 4892: 2510: 2382: 2367: 2353: 2327: 2176: 1955: 1936: 1885: 1020: 377: 249: 227: 7121:"NSF International / Nonfood Compounds Registration Program" 419: 5658: 5333: 2954: 2502: 2277:. The shock wave method is used to produce material called 1994: 1881: 804: 5965: 5252:"Wear properties of squeeze cast in situ Mg2Si–A380 alloy" 4541:"Review of Advances in Cubic Boron Nitride Film Synthesis" 4227: 2669: 2556:

Layers of amorphous boron nitride (a-BN) are used in some

2435:

from four commercial grades of h-BN. Grade HBN contains a

1570:

and the data for c-BN are summarized in the table below.

6202:

Corso, M.; et al. (2004). "Boron Nitride Nanomesh".

3394:"Thermal Conductivities of Thin, Sputtered Optical Films" 16:

Refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with formula BN

6081: 4275:

Thomas, Siby; Ajith, K M; Valsakumar, M C (2016-07-27).

3635: 2381:

Hexagonal BN was first used in cosmetics around 1940 in

1742:

Thermal stability of c-BN can be summarized as follows:

4974:

2016 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

2497:

Cubic boron nitride (CBN or c-BN) is widely used as an

2281:, a superhard compound of boron, carbon, and nitrogen. 2253:

Various species intercalate into hexagonal BN, such as

6765:

Hayat, Asif; Sohail, Muhammad; Hamdy, Mohamed (2022).

6027: 5720:

Li, Lu Hua; Xing, Tan; Chen, Ying; Jones, Rob (2014).

5593: 5448: 5181:"Hexagonal Boron Nitride (HBN)—How Well Does It Work?" 4151: 3970:

Wentorf, R. H. (1957). "Cubic Form of Boron Nitride".

2452:(h-BN) can be deposited by catalytic decomposition of 1529:. Very different bonding – strong covalent within the 5281: 4971: 4395: 4376: 4329: 4274: 1077:. Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology. 5207:"colourdeverre.com/img/projects/advancedpriming.pdf" 3269:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 483. 3267:

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

2941:

plane. PBN material has been widely manufactured as

2564:. They can be prepared by chemical decomposition of 1192:, whereas in w-BN the rings between 'layers' are in 6656: 5515: 3198:Ba K, Jiang W, Cheng J, Bao J, et al. (2017). 2268:c-BN is prepared analogously to the preparation of 2147:can be evaporated in a second step at temperatures 6887:"Compression Annealing of Pyrolytic Boron Nitride" 5922: 5057: 4722: 4624:Housecroft, Catherine E.; Sharpe, Alan G. (2005). 4512:"Synthesis of Boron Nitride from Oxide Precursors" 3391: 3109: 1100:All other forms of boron nitride are crystalline. 7140:National Pollutant Inventory: Boron and Compounds 6955: 5654: 5652: 5310:"Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Abrasives" 4648: 4100: 3264: 2501:. Its usefulness arises from its insolubility in 8915: 6764: 4538: 3942: 2889: 2583: 2218: 365: 5719: 5589: 5587: 4628:(2d ed.). Pearson education. p. 318. 3482: 3438: 3197: 2953:rods of traveling-wave tubes, high-temperature 2578: 1943:proposed. The substance was found in dispersed 1124:, whereas the layers are held together by weak 893: 213: 7017: 6932:"An Overview of Pyrolytic Boron Nitride (PBN)" 6802: 6602: 6141: 5868: 5649: 5082: 4895:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 3969: 866: 7636: 7166: 6508: 6464:"Theory of Graphitic Boron Nitride Nanotubes" 6252: 5752: 5012: 4545:Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 3907: 3713: 3292:"Diamond no longer nature's hardest material" 3162: 2894:Pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN), also known as 2312: 5584: 5368: 4925: 4790: 4617: 3105: 3103: 2937:plane and higher bending strength along the 2632: 1172:form of boron nitride (w-BN; point group = C 570:2.1 g/cm (h-BN); 3.45 g/cm (c-BN) 6754:. Chilton Publishing. 1996. pp. 51–56. 6246: 5801: 4833: 4687: 4483: 4396:Dobrzhinetskaya, L.F.; et al. (2014). 3963: 3360: 3314: 2810: 2689:by BN aerogel. Cyclohexane is stained with 2229:Graphene boron nitride nanohybrid materials 1935:In 2009, cubic form (c-BN) was reported in 1767:): conversion to h-BN at 1550–1600 °C. 136:needs attention from an expert in Chemicals 7643: 7629: 7173: 7159: 6699: 6380: 6345: 6197: 6195: 5713: 5389: 5336:Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 5282:Todd RH, Allen DK, Dell KAlting L (1994). 5060:Handbook of Ceramics, Glasses and Diamonds 4836:Journal of Materials Processing Technology 4039: 4004: 3807: 3773: 3165:Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2749: 2601: 2263: 1956:Preparation and reactivity of hexagonal BN 1112:. Hexagonal boron nitride (point group = D 434: 299: 277: 6803:Eichler, Jens; Lesniak, Cristoph (2008). 6559: 6461: 6288:Graphene and Boronitrene (White Graphene) 6201: 6175: 6099: 6042: 5980: 5950: 5940: 5883: 5845: 5819: 5778: 5737: 5672: 5608: 5567: 5533: 5492: 5466: 5409: 5132: 4948: 4204: 4170: 4053: 3850: 3833: 3596: 3233: 3223: 3123: 3100: 2697: 2610: 2295:plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition 1070:but slightly softer than the cubic form. 401: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 7073:"EWG Skin Deep® | What is BORON NITRIDE" 6374: 6339: 6306: 5288:. Industrial Press Inc. pp. 43–48. 4860: 4649:Solozhenko, V. L.; et al. (2002). " 2898:Boron Nitride(CVD-BN), is a high-purity 2771: 2736: 2680: 2668: 2660: 2645: 2352: 2321: 2232: 1903: 1140:dielectric barrier in 2D electronics. . 1103: 1088: 1015:is a thermally and chemically resistant 7020:Journal of the European Ceramic Society 6958:Journal of the European Ceramic Society 6809:Journal of the European Ceramic Society 6650: 6419: 6348:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 6192: 5929:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 5285:Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide 4763: 4716: 4599:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 4479: 4477: 3670: 3338: 3336: 2125:) material contains 92–95% BN and 5–8% 1875: 1872:, which are therefore used to etch BN. 1163: 430: 343: 8916: 7711: 7651:Salts and covalent derivatives of the 6300: 6137: 6135: 5969:ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5395: 5118: 5021:(12). Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 66–68. 4759: 4757: 4539:Mirkarimi, P. B.; et al. (1997). 4534: 4532: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3515: 3289: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 2619: 2175:boron nitride used for lubricants and 1923:, and maintains these over a range of 1915:The anisotropy of Young's modulus and 290: 151:may be able to help recruit an expert. 45:Please improve this article by adding 8735: 7624: 7154: 7044: 6982: 6884: 5314:Hyperion Materials & Technologies 5017:. Springer Series in Electrophysics. 4888: 4886: 4884: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3079:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1930: 1771: 482:Key: WHDCVGLBMWOYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 472:Key: AMPXHBZZESCUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 462:Key: PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 257: 6702:Handbook of Composite Reinforcements 6603:Han, Wei-Qiang; et al. (2002). 5371:International Journal of Electronics 5275: 4793:Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 4766:Materials Science and Engineering: B 4474: 4281:Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3333: 2456:at a temperature ~1100 °C in a 2349:Synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride 1564: 1143: 120: 18: 7180: 6387:STM Investigation of h-BN-Nanomesh" 6132: 4754: 4655:Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 4529: 3758: 3062: 3046: 1056:zincblende aka sphalerite structure 492:Key: PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYAL 356: 13: 6821:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.09.005 5076: 4881: 4145: 3467: 889: 14: 9000: 7133: 4490:American Ceramic Society Bulletin 3945:The Journal of Physical Chemistry 3363:Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 3082:(92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: 7113: 7089: 7065: 7038: 7011: 6976: 6949: 6924: 6878: 6833: 6724: 6415:from the original on 2022-10-09. 6381:Widmer, R.; et al. (2007). 4442:from the original on 2022-10-09. 3808:Kubota, Y.; et al. (2007). 3076:Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). 2964: 2851:-boron nitride, titanium boride- 1243: 1221: 1201: 978: 774: 537: 174: 125: 23: 6861:"Pyrolytic Boron Nitride (PBN)" 6853: 6836:"About Pyrolytic Boron Nitride" 6827: 6796: 6758: 6744: 6718: 6693: 6617:Nanotubes to Pure BN Nanotubes" 6596: 6553: 6462:Rubio, A.; et al. (1994). 6455: 6281: 6075: 6021: 5959: 5916: 5862: 5795: 5746: 5509: 5442: 5362: 5327: 5302: 5258: 5244: 5230: 5216: 5199: 5173: 5112: 5051: 5006: 4965: 4919: 4854: 4827: 4784: 4681: 4642: 4590: 4563: 4504: 4460: 4446: 4389: 4370: 4323: 4268: 4221: 4094: 4033: 3998: 3972:The Journal of Chemical Physics 3936: 3901: 3801: 3707: 3664: 3629: 3572: 3509: 3432: 3385: 3354: 3027: 2551: 2342: 2337: 2260:intercalate or alkali metals. 2225:Graphite intercalation compound 1574:Reactivity of c-BN with solids 974:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 8944:Non-petroleum based lubricants 7059:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.201 6394:Electrochemical Communications 6307:Bunk, O.; et al. (2007). 4301:10.1088/0953-8984/28/29/295302 4123:10.1088/0957-4484/21/24/245701 3693:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.055503 3308: 3290:Griggs, Jessica (2014-05-13). 3283: 3258: 3191: 3156: 2847:, and composite ceramics with 1180:mc) has the same structure as 1066:BN modification is similar to 1: 7032:10.1016/S0955-2219(96)00244-0 5872:Advanced Functional Materials 5726:Advanced Materials Interfaces 5398:Advanced Functional Materials 4929:Advanced Functional Materials 4903:10.1002/14356007.a04_295.pub2 4848:10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00263-5 4557:10.1016/S0927-796X(97)00009-0 3461:10.1016/S0925-9635(98)00394-X 3441:Diamond and Related Materials 3040: 2949:crystals, output windows and 2890:Pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) 2815:Addition of boron nitride to 2675:scanning tunneling microscope 2584:Atomically thin boron nitride 2405:and other skincare products. 2219:Intercalation of hexagonal BN 1265: 534: 47:secondary or tertiary sources 8984:Zincblende crystal structure 7005:10.1016/0022-0248(90)90281-O 6970:10.1016/0955-2219(89)90003-4 6783:10.1016/j.surfin.2022.101725 6531:10.1126/science.269.5226.966 6406:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.07.019 4875:10.1016/0025-5408(74)90110-X 4778:10.1016/0921-5107(91)90121-B 3379:10.1016/0022-3093(95)00748-2 2859:-boron nitride composition. 2782:Boron nitride aerogel is an 2673:BN nanomesh observed with a 2579:Other forms of boron nitride 1950: 1537:of most properties of h-BN. 1154:sphalerite crystal structure 1080: 479:InChI=1S/B3N3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1 7: 7145:Materials Safety Data Sheet 6865:Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd 5058:Harper, Charles A. (2001). 4863:Materials Research Bulletin 4813:10.1088/0953-8984/14/44/413 4728:Journal of Chemical Physics 3392:Henager, C. H. Jr. (1993). 3015:Wide-bandgap semiconductors 2983: 2745:and BN nanotube buckypaper. 2492: 1677:Cu, Ag, Au, Ga, In, Ge, Sn 1588:Threshold temperature (°C) 1270: 10: 9005: 8737: 6582:10.1209/0295-5075/28/5/007 6333:10.1016/j.susc.2006.11.018 4976:. pp. 34.8.1–34.8.4. 4690:Journal of Applied Physics 4356:10.1103/PhysRevB.99.134105 4254:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.041402 4027:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.115401 3615:10.1103/PhysRevB.98.094106 3542:10.1038/s41563-022-01303-4 3265:Silberberg, M. S. (2009). 3185:10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.10.076 3112:Journal of Applied Physics 2969:Boron nitride (along with 2775: 2753: 2701: 2587: 2346: 2313:Preparation of wurtzite BN 2309:methods are used as well. 2222: 2182:Boron nitride reacts with 2121:The resulting disordered ( 2008:) in an inert atmosphere: 1042:to a similarly structured 7713: 7660: 7553: 7533: 7481:Boron oxides and sulfides 7480: 7339: 7291: 7214: 7188: 6985:Journal of Crystal Growth 6562:Europhysics Letters (EPL) 5383:10.1080/00207218508939000 4982:10.1109/IEDM.2016.7838544 3658:10.1103/PhysRevB.62.11359 3365:. 198–200 (Part 1): 403. 2933:constant vertical to the 2896:Chemical vapour-deposited 2801:chemical vapor deposition 2633:Better surface adsorption 2458:chemical vapor deposition 2307:physical vapor deposition 2163:and nitrogen precursors. 2157:chemical vapor deposition 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 968: 930: 755: 750: 653: 626: 602:200 cm/(V·s) (c-BN) 521: 501: 446: 197: 187: 182: 173: 8979:Boron–nitrogen compounds 6885:Moore, A. (1969-03-22). 6488:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5081 6297:. physik.uni-saarland.de 3348:Ioffe Institute Database 3020: 2811:Composites containing BN 2450:Boron nitride nanosheets 2416:Hexagonal BN is used in 821:Precautionary statements 469:InChI=1S/B2N2/c1-3-2-4-1 8989:Wurtzite structure type 7147:at University of Oxford 6771:Surfaces and Interfaces 6704:. John Wiley and Sons. 6624:Applied Physics Letters 6224:10.1126/science.1091979 4897:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 3910:Applied Physics Letters 3835:10.1126/science.1144216 3673:Physical Review Letters 3317:Graphite and Precursors 2750:Boron nitride nanotubes 2590:Boron nitride nanosheet 2299:pulsed laser deposition 2264:Preparation of cubic BN 2171:at 5500 °C yields 1492:Magnetic susceptibility 1110:graphitic boron nitride 1058:) variety analogous to 1034:. It exists in various 622:1.8 (h-BN); 2.1 (c-BN) 7047:Ceramics International 6679:10.1002/adma.200700179 6360:10.1002/anie.200700234 6053:10.1002/smll.201001628 5999:10.1021/acsami.6b04320 5942:10.1002/anie.201604295 5902:10.1002/adfm.201603160 5739:10.1002/admi.201470047 5552:10.1126/sciadv.aav0129 5428:10.1002/adfm.201504606 4941:10.1002/adfm.201604811 4611:10.1002/anie.199006771 2914:substrates at 1900°C. 2819:ceramics improves the 2756:Boron nitride nanotube 2746: 2709:Boron nitride nanomesh 2698:Boron nitride nanomesh 2694: 2678: 2358: 2250: 900: 34:relies excessively on 7555:Organoboron compounds 5952:10536/DRO/DU:30086239 5808:Nature Communications 5759:Nature Communications 5455:Nature Communications 4405:American Mineralogist 4159:Nature Communications 2778:Boron nitride aerogel 2772:Boron nitride aerogel 2740: 2684: 2672: 2661:Raman characteristics 2646:Dielectric properties 2602:Mechanical properties 2558:semiconductor devices 2431:Parts can be made by 2409:construction of e.g. 2356: 2322:Production statistics 2236: 1904:Mechanical properties 1652:Wetting and reaction 1556:light-emitting diodes 1208:Hexagonal form (h-BN) 1104:Hexagonal form (h-BN) 1089:Amorphous form (a-BN) 899: 149:WikiProject Chemicals 8939:III-V semiconductors 6605:"Transformation of B 4518:on December 12, 2007 4496:: 50. Archived from 4486:"Boron Nitride (BN)" 4484:Rudolph, S. (2000). 4425:10.2138/am.2014.4714 3418:10.1364/AO.32.000091 3344:"BN – Boron Nitride" 3315:Delhaes, P. (2001). 2855:-boron nitride, and 2837:borosilicate glasses 2611:Thermal conductivity 2478:molybdenum disulfide 1876:Thermal conductivity 1387:Thermal conductivity 1250:Wurtzite form (w-BN) 1164:Wurtzite form (w-BN) 1126:van der Waals forces 882:(fire diamond) 673:19.7 J/(K·mol) 8959:Superhard materials 7189:Boron pnictogenides 7097:"UNII - 2U4T60A6YD" 7053:(10): 11424–11430. 6997:1990JCrGr.106....6M 6903:1969Natur.221.1133M 6897:(5186): 1133–1135. 6700:Lee, S. M. (1992). 6671:2007AdM....19.2413G 6636:2002ApPhL..81.1110H 6574:1994EL.....28..335B 6523:1995Sci...269..966C 6480:1994PhRvB..49.5081R 6441:2015RSCAd...541186K 6325:2007SurSc.601L...7B 6216:2004Sci...303..217C 6160:2015NatSR...510337S 5991:2016arXiv160607183C 5975:(24): 15630–15636. 5894:2016arXiv161202883C 5830:2015NatCo...6.7315C 5771:2013NatCo...4.2541L 5683:2014arXiv1403.1002L 5619:2015NanoL..15..218L 5544:2019SciA....5..129C 5485:10.1038/ncomms15815 5477:2017NatCo...815815F 5420:2016arXiv160501136L 5348:1993JVSTB..11.2930E 5185:AccurateShooter.com 5151:10.1038/nature14015 5143:2014Natur.516..227H 5027:1989PhT....42l..66S 4805:2002JPCM...1410979F 4740:1961JChPh..34..809W 4702:1989JAP....66.2554D 4667:2002PCCP....4.5386S 4626:Inorganic Chemistry 4584:10.1021/cr00099a004 4417:2014AmMin..99..764D 4348:2019PhRvB..99m4105A 4293:2016JPCM...28C5302T 4246:2006PhRvB..73d1402B 4189:10.1038/ncomms15815 4181:2017NatCo...815815F 4115:2010Nanot..21x5701O 4064:2009NanoL...9.2730H 4019:2009PhRvB..79k5401L 3984:1957JChPh..26..956W 3957:10.1021/j100814a515 3922:2002ApPhL..81.4145T 3871:2004NatMa...3..404W 3826:2007Sci...317..932K 3774:Engler, M. (2007). 3736:10.1038/nature11728 3728:2013Natur.493..385T 3685:2009PhRvL.102e5503P 3650:2000PhRvB..6211359C 3607:2018PhRvB..98i4106T 3534:2022NatMa..21..896S 3453:1999DRM.....8..377W 3410:1993ApOpt..32...91H 3371:1996JNCS..198..403Z 3216:2017NatSR...745584B 3177:2008JPCS...69.1171K 3134:2019JAP...125m0901B 3010:Superhard materials 2990:Beta carbon nitride 2685:Top: absorption of 2418:xerographic process 2357:Ceramic BN crucible 2303:reactive sputtering 2291:Ion beam deposition 1575: 1288:Boron nitride (BN) 1281: 1190:chair configuration 746:−228.4 kJ/mol 724:−254.4 kJ/mol 587:Solubility in water 560:Colorless crystals 552: g/mol 170: 6659:Advanced Materials 6449:10.1039/C5RA02988K 6293:2018-05-28 at the 6148:Scientific Reports 6110:10.1039/c6nr09312d 5838:10.1038/ncomms8315 5780:10.1038/ncomms3541 5187:. 8 September 2014 4724:Wentorf, R. H. Jr. 4468:"List of Minerals" 3204:Scientific Reports 2747: 2695: 2679: 2471:water electrolysis 2359: 2289:is used for c-BN. 2251: 2117:> 1500 °C) 2091:> 1000 °C) 1931:Natural occurrence 1772:Chemical stability 1746:In air or oxygen: 1573: 1558:(LEDs) or lasers. 1275: 1194:boat configuration 1176:; space group = P6 1116:; space group = P6 1001:Infobox references 931:Related compounds 901: 697:14.8 J/K mol 168: 8929:Ceramic materials 8908: 8907: 8902: 8901: 7618: 7617: 7101:precision.fda.gov 7026:(12): 1403–1414. 6911:10.1038/2211133a0 6644:10.1063/1.1498494 6468:Physical Review B 6400:(10): 2484–2488. 6354:(27): 5115–5119. 6267:10.1021/la062990t 6210:(5655): 217–220. 6168:10.1038/srep10337 5878:(45): 8202–8210. 5691:10.1021/nn500059s 5627:10.1021/nl503411a 5404:(16): 2594–2608. 5295:978-0-8311-3049-7 5127:(7530): 227–230. 5098:10.1021/nn503140y 5035:10.1063/1.2811250 4991:978-1-5090-3902-9 4748:10.1063/1.1731679 4635:978-0-13-039913-7 4336:Physical Review B 4234:Physical Review B 4072:10.1021/nl901231s 4007:Physical Review B 3992:10.1063/1.1745964 3930:10.1063/1.1524295 3638:Physical Review B 3502:978-3-540-42961-6 3276:978-0-07-304859-8 3225:10.1038/srep45584 3142:10.1063/1.5082739 3000:Borocarbonitrides 2904:boron trichloride 2853:aluminium nitride 2807:as the feed gas. 2729:ultra-high vacuum 2640:Raman sensitivity 2620:Thermal stability 2519:passivation layer 2463:proton conductors 2287:boron trifluoride 2270:synthetic diamond 2161:boron trichloride 1971:) or boric acid ( 1740: 1739: 1565:Thermal stability 1518: 1517: 1417:Thermal expansion 1280: 1228:Cubic form (c-BN) 1144:Cubic form (c-BN) 1050:corresponding to 1036:crystalline forms 1009:Chemical compound 1007: 1006: 937:Related compounds 799:Hazard statements 731:Gibbs free energy 634:Crystal structure 598:Electron mobility 415:CompTox Dashboard 239:Interactive image 166: 165: 119: 118: 111: 93: 8996: 8856: 8850: 8835: 8829: 8679: 8637: 8626: 8599: 8593: 8574: 8550: 8537: 8523: 8504: 8495: 8483: 8456: 8442: 8417: 8388: 8375: 8361: 8342: 8333: 8322: 8295: 8276: 8262: 8251: 8240: 8228: 8222: 8212: 8206: 8197: 8177: 8152: 8139: 8125: 8116: 8096: 8087: 8077: 8064: 8051: 8033: 8027: 8014: 7992: 7973: 7960: 7946: 7937: 7917: 7908: 7895: 7882: 7866: 7860: 7851: 7840: 7834: 7826: 7812: 7798: 7775: 7762: 7748: 7739: 7726: 7706: 7696: 7686: 7673: 7664: 7663: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7622: 7621: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7015: 7009: 7008: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6815:(5): 1105–1109. 6800: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6731:Precise Ceramics 6722: 6716: 6715: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6621: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6474:(7): 5081–5084. 6459: 6453: 6452: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6391: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6304: 6298: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6261:(6): 2928–2931. 6250: 6244: 6243: 6199: 6190: 6189: 6179: 6139: 6130: 6129: 6103: 6094:(9): 3059–3067. 6079: 6073: 6072: 6046: 6025: 6019: 6018: 5984: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5944: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5887: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5849: 5823: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5782: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5676: 5667:(2): 1457–1462. 5656: 5647: 5646: 5612: 5591: 5582: 5581: 5571: 5537: 5522:Science Advances 5513: 5507: 5506: 5496: 5470: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5413: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5356:10.1116/1.586563 5342:(6): 2930–2937. 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5136: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4890: 4879: 4878: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4761: 4752: 4751: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4710:10.1063/1.344219 4685: 4679: 4678: 4675:10.1039/b206005a 4646: 4640: 4639: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4572:Chemical Reviews 4567: 4561: 4560: 4536: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4514:. Archived from 4508: 4502: 4501: 4481: 4472: 4471: 4470:. 21 March 2011. 4464: 4458: 4457: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4402: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4379:CNMNC Newsletter 4374: 4368: 4367: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4208: 4174: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4057: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3879:10.1038/nmat1134 3859:Nature Materials 3854: 3848: 3847: 3837: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3780: 3771: 3756: 3755: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3600: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3522:Nature Materials 3513: 3507: 3506: 3480: 3465: 3464: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3340: 3331: 3330: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3237: 3227: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3127: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3073: 3060: 3057: 3034: 3031: 2979: 2829:titanium nitride 2656: 2627:black phosphorus 2259: 2248: 2214: 2192: 2150: 2146: 2136:. The remaining 2135: 2112: 2086: 2052: 2030: 2007: 1992: 1981: 1970: 1870: 1857: 1844: 1831: 1818: 1808: 1799: 1766: 1756: 1729: 1724: 1682: 1665: 1648: 1615: 1598: 1576: 1572: 1547:Vickers hardness 1468:Refractive index 1282: 1278: 1274: 1247: 1225: 1205: 1159: 1156:(space group = F 1095:amorphous carbon 1029:chemical formula 991: 985: 982: 981: 921: 914: 907: 892: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 814: 810: 806: 778: 742: 720: 693: 669: 654:Thermochemistry 609:Refractive index 551: 539: 536: 529:Chemical formula 459:InChI=1S/BN/c1-2 439: 438: 423: 421: 405: 369: 358: 347: 328:Gmelin Reference 311: 303: 292: 281: 261: 241: 217: 178: 171: 167: 161: 158: 152: 138:. Please add a 129: 128: 121: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 9004: 9003: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8994: 8993: 8974:III-V compounds 8964:Neutron poisons 8924:Boron compounds 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8904: 8903: 8857: 8854: 8851: 8848: 8836: 8833: 8830: 8827: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8635: 8631: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8564: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8518: 8506: 8503: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8440: 8436: 8415: 8411: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8356: 8344: 8341: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8245: 8238: 8234: 8229: 8226: 8223: 8220: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8204: 8195: 8191: 8189: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8166: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8098: 8095: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8040: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8028: 8025: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8003: 7994: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7919: 7916: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7861: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7841: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7828: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7704: 7700: 7698: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7656: 7649: 7619: 7614: 7610: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7586: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7549: 7544: 7529: 7524: 7516: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7491: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7444: 7436: 7432: 7424: 7420: 7412: 7408: 7400: 7396: 7388: 7384: 7376: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7352: 7335: 7330: 7322: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7271: 7267: 7259: 7251: 7233: 7225: 7210: 7184: 7182:Boron compounds 7179: 7136: 7131: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7105: 7103: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7081: 7079: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7043: 7039: 7016: 7012: 6981: 6977: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6936:Sputter Targets 6930: 6929: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6844: 6842: 6840:Precise Ceramic 6832: 6828: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6763: 6759: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6698: 6694: 6655: 6651: 6619: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6597: 6558: 6554: 6517:(5226): 966–7. 6507: 6503: 6460: 6456: 6424: 6420: 6412: 6389: 6379: 6375: 6344: 6340: 6313:Surface Science 6305: 6301: 6295:Wayback Machine 6286: 6282: 6251: 6247: 6200: 6193: 6140: 6133: 6080: 6076: 6026: 6022: 5964: 5960: 5921: 5917: 5867: 5863: 5800: 5796: 5751: 5747: 5718: 5714: 5657: 5650: 5592: 5585: 5528:(6): eaav0129. 5514: 5510: 5447: 5443: 5394: 5390: 5367: 5363: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5259: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5117: 5113: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5062:. McGraw-Hill. 5056: 5052: 5045: 5011: 5007: 4992: 4970: 4966: 4935:(10): 1604811. 4924: 4920: 4913: 4891: 4882: 4859: 4855: 4832: 4828: 4789: 4785: 4762: 4755: 4721: 4717: 4686: 4682: 4647: 4643: 4636: 4622: 4618: 4595: 4591: 4568: 4564: 4537: 4530: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4482: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4400: 4394: 4390: 4375: 4371: 4328: 4324: 4273: 4269: 4226: 4222: 4150: 4146: 4099: 4095: 4038: 4034: 4003: 3999: 3968: 3964: 3941: 3937: 3906: 3902: 3855: 3851: 3820:(5840): 932–4. 3806: 3802: 3778: 3772: 3759: 3722:(7432): 385–8. 3712: 3708: 3669: 3665: 3634: 3630: 3577: 3573: 3516:Su, C. (2022). 3514: 3510: 3503: 3481: 3468: 3437: 3433: 3390: 3386: 3359: 3355: 3342: 3341: 3334: 3327: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3298: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3263: 3259: 3196: 3192: 3161: 3157: 3108: 3101: 3094: 3086:. p. 5.6. 3074: 3063: 3058: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3023: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2967: 2892: 2857:silicon carbide 2849:titanium boride 2817:silicon nitride 2813: 2780: 2774: 2766:carbon nanotube 2758: 2752: 2706: 2700: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2635: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2592: 2586: 2581: 2554: 2495: 2351: 2345: 2340: 2324: 2315: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2221: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197:. For example: 2191: 2187: 2184:iodine fluoride 2148: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2111:→ 20 BN + 3 CaO 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1939:, and the name 1933: 1925:vacancy defects 1917:Poisson's ratio 1906: 1878: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1774: 1764: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1680: 1663: 1646: 1613: 1596: 1567: 1510: 1509:−0.2 – −2.7 ∥, 1501: 1494: 1407: 1397: 1389: 1313:Density (g/cm) 1277: 1273: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1226: 1217: 1209: 1206: 1179: 1175: 1166: 1157: 1146: 1131: 1119: 1115: 1106: 1091: 1083: 1010: 1003: 998: 997: 996: ?) 987: 983: 979: 975: 964: 955:Boron phosphide 938: 926: 925: 924: 923: 916: 909: 902: 898: 890: 823: 801: 787: 771: 743: 737: 733: 721: 718: 712: 708: 705: 704:Std enthalpy of 694: 691: 684: 681: 670: 663: 636: 619: 617: 589: 549: 531: 517: 514: 509: 508: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489:InChI=1/BN/c1-2 484: 483: 480: 474: 473: 470: 464: 463: 460: 454: 453: 442: 424: 417: 408: 388: 372: 359: 330: 321: 284: 264: 244: 231: 220: 207: 193: 162: 156: 153: 147: 130: 126: 115: 104: 98: 95: 58:"Boron nitride" 52: 50: 44: 40:primary sources 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9002: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8949:Dry lubricants 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8887: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8843: 8838: 8832: 8826: 8822: 8819: 8815: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8723: 8720: 8717: 8714: 8711: 8708: 8705: 8702: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8648: 8639: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8619: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8555: 8552: 8547: 8543: 8534: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8510: 8501: 8491: 8486: 8480: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8390: 8385: 8381: 8372: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8348: 8339: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8315: 8310: 8301: 8292: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8269: 8264: 8258: 8253: 8247: 8242: 8236: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8170: 8161: 8156: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8136: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8093: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8061: 8057: 8048: 8044: 8030: 8024: 8020: 8011: 8007: 7998: 7989: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7966: 7957: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7914: 7905: 7901: 7892: 7888: 7878: 7873: 7863: 7857: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7791: 7786: 7777: 7772: 7768: 7759: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7719: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7702: 7683: 7679: 7670: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7648: 7647: 7640: 7633: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7559: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7185: 7178: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7142: 7135: 7134:External links 7132: 7130: 7129: 7112: 7088: 7064: 7037: 7010: 6975: 6948: 6923: 6877: 6852: 6826: 6795: 6757: 6743: 6717: 6711:978-0471188612 6710: 6692: 6649: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6595: 6552: 6501: 6454: 6418: 6383:"Electrolytic 6373: 6338: 6299: 6280: 6245: 6191: 6131: 6074: 6037:(4): 465–468. 6020: 5958: 5915: 5861: 5794: 5745: 5712: 5648: 5603:(1): 218–223. 5583: 5508: 5441: 5388: 5361: 5326: 5301: 5294: 5274: 5257: 5243: 5229: 5215: 5198: 5172: 5111: 5075: 5069:978-0070267121 5068: 5050: 5043: 5005: 4990: 4964: 4918: 4912:978-3527306732 4911: 4880: 4853: 4826: 4783: 4753: 4734:(3): 809–812. 4715: 4680: 4641: 4634: 4616: 4605:(6): 677–679. 4589: 4562: 4528: 4503: 4500:on 2012-03-06. 4473: 4459: 4445: 4411:(4): 764–772. 4388: 4369: 4342:(13): 134105. 4322: 4287:(29): 295302. 4267: 4220: 4144: 4109:(24): 245701. 4103:Nanotechnology 4093: 4032: 4013:(11): 115401. 3997: 3962: 3935: 3900: 3849: 3800: 3757: 3706: 3663: 3628: 3571: 3528:(8): 896–902. 3508: 3501: 3493:10.1007/b83029 3466: 3431: 3398:Applied Optics 3384: 3353: 3332: 3326:978-9056992286 3325: 3307: 3282: 3275: 3257: 3190: 3155: 3118:(13): 130901. 3099: 3092: 3061: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3005:Boron suboxide 3002: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2891: 2888: 2841:glass ceramics 2812: 2809: 2776:Main article: 2773: 2770: 2754:Main article: 2751: 2748: 2702:Main article: 2699: 2696: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2634: 2631: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2596:white graphene 2588:Main article: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2553: 2550: 2542:heat spreaders 2509:, and related 2494: 2491: 2444:calcium borate 2426:oxygen sensors 2422:laser printers 2372:dental cements 2347:Main article: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2244: 2240: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2195:nitridoborates 2189: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2128: 2119: 2118: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:= 900 °C) 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035:= 900 °C) 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2000: 1989: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1932: 1929: 1905: 1902: 1877: 1874: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1850: 1841: 1837: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1805: 1796: 1792: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1566: 1563: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1391: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1337:Knoop hardness 1333: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1249: 1242: 1240: 1227: 1220: 1218: 1207: 1200: 1177: 1173: 1165: 1162: 1145: 1142: 1129: 1122:covalent bonds 1117: 1113: 1105: 1102: 1090: 1087: 1082: 1079: 1048:hexagonal form 1008: 1005: 1004: 999: 977: 976: 972:standard state 969: 966: 965: 963: 962: 960:Boron trioxide 957: 952: 947: 945:Boron arsenide 941: 939: 936: 933: 932: 928: 927: 917: 910: 903: 888: 887: 886: 885: 883: 874: 873: 851:P305+P351+P338 824: 819: 816: 815: 802: 797: 794: 793: 788: 783: 780: 779: 772: 767: 764: 763: 753: 752: 748: 747: 744: 735: 729: 726: 725: 722: 716: 710: 702: 699: 698: 695: 689: 678: 675: 674: 671: 659: 656: 655: 651: 650: 637: 632: 629: 628: 624: 623: 620: 615: 607: 604: 603: 600: 594: 593: 590: 585: 582: 581: 578: 572: 571: 568: 562: 561: 558: 554: 553: 547: 541: 540: 532: 527: 524: 523: 519: 518: 516: 515: 512: 504: 503: 502: 499: 498: 496: 495: 491: 488: 487: 485: 481: 478: 477: 475: 471: 468: 467: 465: 461: 458: 457: 449: 448: 447: 444: 443: 441: 440: 427: 425: 413: 410: 409: 407: 406: 398: 396: 390: 389: 387: 386: 382: 380: 374: 373: 371: 370: 362: 360: 352: 349: 348: 341: 335: 334: 331: 326: 323: 322: 320: 319: 315: 313: 305: 304: 294: 286: 285: 283: 282: 274: 272: 266: 265: 263: 262: 254: 252: 246: 245: 243: 242: 234: 232: 225: 222: 221: 219: 218: 210: 208: 203: 200: 199: 195: 194: 191: 185: 184: 180: 179: 169:Boron nitride 164: 163: 133: 131: 124: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9001: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8912: 8897: 8894: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8823: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8741: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8640: 8638: 8629: 8627: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8538: 8526: 8524: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8496: 8487: 8484: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8445: 8443: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8426: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8376: 8364: 8362: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8347: 8343: 8334: 8325: 8323: 8311: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8265: 8263: 8254: 8252: 8243: 8241: 8232: 8230: 8216: 8214: 8200: 8198: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8140: 8128: 8126: 8117: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8088: 8080: 8078: 8065: 8052: 8039: 8035: 8021: 8019: 8015: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7993: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7961: 7949: 7947: 7938: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7909: 7896: 7883: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7854: 7852: 7844: 7842: 7827: 7813: 7799: 7787: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7763: 7751: 7749: 7740: 7731: 7730: 7727: 7715: 7709: 7707: 7697: 7691: 7687: 7674: 7666: 7665: 7659: 7654: 7646: 7641: 7639: 7634: 7632: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7611: 7605: 7603: 7589: 7587: 7581: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7519: 7517: 7507: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7451: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7427: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7403: 7401: 7391: 7389: 7379: 7377: 7367: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7325: 7323: 7317: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7290: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7262: 7260: 7254: 7252: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7228: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215:Boron halides 7213: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7176: 7171: 7169: 7164: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7122: 7116: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7078: 7074: 7068: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7014: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6952: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6761: 6753: 6747: 6732: 6728: 6721: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6435:(51): 41186. 6434: 6430: 6427:assemblies". 6422: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6386: 6377: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6319:(2): L7–L10. 6318: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6196: 6187: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6138: 6136: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6024: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5962: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5865: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5655: 5653: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5590: 5588: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5445: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5286: 5278: 5267: 5261: 5253: 5247: 5239: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5208: 5202: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5092:(8): 8520–8. 5091: 5087: 5079: 5071: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5046: 5044:9780387189024 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5015:Physics Today 5009: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4950:11380/1129421 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4922: 4914: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4799:(44): 10979. 4798: 4794: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4637: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4551:(2): 47–100. 4550: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4533: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4478: 4469: 4463: 4455: 4454:"Qingsongite" 4449: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4240:(4): 041402. 4239: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4048:(7): 2730–5. 4047: 4043: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3679:(5): 055503. 3678: 3674: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3644:(17): 11359. 3643: 3639: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3591:(9): 094106. 3590: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3404:(1): 91–101. 3403: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3328: 3322: 3319:. CRC Press. 3318: 3311: 3297: 3296:New Scientist 3293: 3286: 3278: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3171:(5–6): 1171. 3170: 3166: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3104: 3095: 3093:1-4398-5511-0 3089: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3045: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2981: 2965:Health issues 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2947:semiconductor 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821:thermal shock 2818: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2713:self-assembly 2710: 2705: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2658: 2643: 2641: 2630: 2628: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2597: 2591: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2527:cutting tools 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2350: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2282: 2280: 2279:heterodiamond 2276: 2271: 2261: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2124: 2116: 2093: 2090: 2059: 2056: 2037: 2034: 2011: 2010: 2009: 1996: 1985: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1858: 1845: 1832: 1819: 1809: 1800: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1762: 1759: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1433:−1.5 ∥, 25 ⟂ 1432: 1429: 1426: 1424:−2.7 ∥, 38 ⟂ 1423: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1283: 1260: 1257:analogous to 1254: 1246: 1241: 1238: 1235:analogous to 1232: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1213:analogous to 1212: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1171: 1161: 1155: 1151: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1111: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1086: 1078: 1076: 1075:metal casting 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1046:lattice. The 1045: 1041: 1040:isoelectronic 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013:Boron nitride 1002: 995: 990: 973: 967: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 950:Boron carbide 948: 946: 943: 942: 940: 935: 934: 929: 922: 915: 908: 884: 881: 880: 876: 875: 825: 822: 818: 817: 803: 800: 796: 795: 792: 789: 786: 782: 781: 777: 773: 770: 766: 765: 761: 759: 754: 749: 745: 740: 732: 728: 727: 723: 715: 707: 701: 700: 696: 688: 683: 677: 676: 672: 667: 662: 661:Heat capacity 658: 657: 652: 649: 645: 641: 638: 635: 631: 630: 625: 621: 614: 610: 606: 605: 601: 599: 596: 595: 591: 588: 584: 583: 579: 577: 576:Melting point 574: 573: 569: 567: 564: 563: 559: 556: 555: 548: 546: 543: 542: 533: 530: 526: 525: 520: 511: 510: 507: 500: 486: 476: 466: 456: 455: 452: 445: 437: 433: 432:DTXSID5051498 429: 428: 426: 416: 412: 411: 404: 400: 399: 397: 395: 392: 391: 384: 383: 381: 379: 376: 375: 368: 364: 363: 361: 355: 351: 350: 346: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332: 329: 325: 324: 317: 316: 314: 312: 307: 306: 302: 298: 295: 293: 291:ECHA InfoCard 288: 287: 280: 276: 275: 273: 271: 268: 267: 260: 256: 255: 253: 251: 248: 247: 240: 236: 235: 233: 229: 224: 223: 216: 212: 211: 209: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192:Boron nitride 190: 186: 181: 177: 172: 160: 150: 145: 141: 137: 134:This article 132: 123: 122: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 42: 41: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 8910: 8641: 7779: 7200: 7115: 7104:. Retrieved 7100: 7091: 7080:. Retrieved 7076: 7067: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7023: 7019: 7013: 6988: 6984: 6978: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6939:. Retrieved 6935: 6926: 6914:. Retrieved 6894: 6890: 6880: 6868:. Retrieved 6864: 6855: 6843:. Retrieved 6839: 6834:Rose, Lisa. 6829: 6812: 6808: 6798: 6786:. Retrieved 6774: 6770: 6760: 6751: 6746: 6734:. Retrieved 6730: 6725:Lisa, Ross. 6720: 6701: 6695: 6665:(18): 2413. 6662: 6658: 6652: 6627: 6623: 6598: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6432: 6428: 6421: 6397: 6393: 6384: 6376: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6283: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6207: 6203: 6151: 6147: 6091: 6087: 6077: 6034: 6030: 6023: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5935:(29): 8457. 5932: 5928: 5918: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5729: 5725: 5715: 5664: 5660: 5600: 5597:Nano Letters 5596: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5317:. Retrieved 5313: 5304: 5284: 5277: 5260: 5246: 5232: 5218: 5201: 5189:. Retrieved 5184: 5175: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5089: 5085: 5078: 5059: 5053: 5018: 5014: 5008: 4973: 4967: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4894: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4769: 4765: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4661:(21): 5386. 4658: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4625: 4619: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4548: 4544: 4520:. Retrieved 4516:the original 4506: 4498:the original 4493: 4489: 4462: 4448: 4408: 4404: 4391: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4165:(1): 15815. 4162: 4158: 4147: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4045: 4042:Nano Letters 4041: 4035: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3916:(22): 4145. 3913: 3909: 3903: 3865:(6): 404–9. 3862: 3858: 3852: 3817: 3813: 3803: 3786: 3783:Cfi/Ber. DKG 3782: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3588: 3585:Phys. Rev. B 3584: 3574: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3484: 3447:(2–5): 377. 3444: 3440: 3434: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3362: 3356: 3347: 3316: 3310: 3299:. Retrieved 3295: 3285: 3266: 3260: 3210:(1): 45584. 3207: 3203: 3193: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3115: 3111: 3077: 3029: 2968: 2945:of compound 2928: 2916: 2893: 2867: 2861: 2814: 2781: 2763: 2759: 2733: 2707: 2664: 2649: 2636: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2555: 2552:Amorphous BN 2546: 2539: 2535: 2514: 2496: 2486:ZYP Coatings 2483: 2475: 2448: 2433:hot pressing 2430: 2415: 2407: 2399:kohl pencils 2397:, blushers, 2380: 2360: 2343:Hexagonal BN 2338:Applications 2325: 2316: 2305:, and other 2283: 2267: 2252: 2181: 2165:ZYP Coatings 2153: 2149:> 1500 °C 2120: 2114: 2088: 2054: 2032: 2025:→ 2 BN + 3 H 1959: 1934: 1914: 1907: 1879: 1775: 1741: 1733:No reaction 1568: 1560: 1552: 1543: 1539: 1531:basal planes 1519: 1511:−20 – −28 ⟂ 1406:200–2000 ∥, 1361:Bulk modulus 1167: 1147: 1109: 1107: 1099: 1092: 1084: 1072: 1031: 1019:compound of 1012: 1011: 878: 790: 757: 738: 713: 686: 665: 612: 378:RTECS number 198:Identifiers 154: 143: 139: 135: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 33: 6991:(1): 6–15. 6630:(6): 1110. 5814:(1): 7315. 5765:(1): 2541. 5191:28 December 4842:(1–3): 69. 4696:(6): 2554. 3951:(8): 1556. 2796:hydrophobic 2723:surface to 2687:cyclohexane 2437:boron oxide 2395:eye shadows 2387:foundations 2332:metric tons 2206:N + BN → Li 2077:→ 2 BN + CO 1941:qingsongite 1898:anisotropic 1763:In vacuum ( 1699:No wetting 1686:No wetting 1629:Fe, Ni, Co 1520:The partly 1453:10.1-10.7 1259:lonsdaleite 1182:lonsdaleite 1068:lonsdaleite 785:Signal word 557:Appearance 522:Properties 297:100.030.111 259:CHEBI:50883 8969:Monolayers 8918:Categories 7106:2023-07-26 7082:2023-07-26 6964:(1): 3–9. 6568:(5): 335. 6101:2008.01656 5982:1606.07183 5885:1612.02883 5732:(8): n/a. 5610:1503.00380 5535:1903.08862 5468:2008.01657 5411:1605.01136 4869:(6): 755. 4772:(2): 149. 4522:2009-06-06 4172:2008.01657 3978:(4): 956. 3598:1806.11446 3301:2018-01-12 3125:1811.09503 3041:References 2951:dielectric 2931:dielectric 2924:outgassing 2920:dielectric 2910:vapors on 2788:nanosheets 2743:buckypaper 2467:fuel cells 2275:shock wave 2223:See also: 2047:→ BN + 3 H 1765:10 Pa 1728:10 Pa 1681:10 Pa 1664:10 Pa 1647:10 Pa 1638:1400–1500 1614:10 Pa 1597:10 Pa 1535:anisotropy 1266:Properties 1231:sphalerite 1186:tetrahedra 1017:refractory 769:Pictograms 644:sphalerite 627:Structure 592:Insoluble 545:Molar mass 403:2U4T60A6YD 270:ChemSpider 226:3D model ( 215:10043-11-5 205:CAS Number 189:IUPAC name 69:newspapers 36:references 8954:Abrasives 6687:221149452 6590:120010610 6154:: 10337. 6126:206046676 6088:Nanoscale 6044:1008.2868 6015:206424168 5821:1412.1357 5674:1403.1002 5643:207677623 5560:2375-2548 5461:: 15815. 5436:102038593 5134:1410.8724 4959:100500198 4821:250835481 4578:: 73–91. 4433:130947756 4364:2469-9950 4309:0953-8984 4262:1098-0121 4197:2041-1723 4055:1008.1300 3795:0173-9913 3623:119097213 3566:250535073 3084:CRC Press 2959:insulator 2943:crucibles 2884:lubricity 2876:corrosion 2872:sintering 2792:absorbent 2721:ruthenium 2566:trichloro 2523:tool bits 2403:lipsticks 2364:cosmetics 2173:ultrafine 2123:amorphous 1951:Synthesis 1921:toughness 1602:Reaction 1500:−0.48 ∥, 1495:(µemu/g) 1450:5.9–6.4 1411:600–2000 1291:Graphite 1285:Material 1255:structure 1233:structure 1211:hexagonal 1138:tunneling 1081:Structure 1038:that are 1027:with the 863:P403+P233 859:P337+P313 847:P304+P340 760:labelling 706:formation 680:Std molar 640:Hexagonal 385:ED7800000 318:233-136-6 310:EC Number 157:June 2024 99:June 2024 8934:Nitrides 7534:Carbides 6547:28988094 6539:17807732 6496:10011453 6410:Archived 6368:17538919 6291:Archived 6275:17286422 6255:Langmuir 6240:11964344 6232:14716010 6186:25976019 6118:28191567 6069:17344540 6061:21360804 6007:27254250 5910:13800939 5856:26099721 5789:24092019 5699:24400990 5661:ACS Nano 5635:25457561 5578:31187056 5503:28639613 5159:25470058 5106:25094030 5086:ACS Nano 5000:28059875 4437:Archived 4317:27255345 4215:28639613 4139:12898097 4131:20484794 4080:19499898 3895:23563849 3887:15156198 3844:17702939 3744:23325219 3701:19257519 3558:35835818 3426:20802666 3252:22951232 3244:28367992 3150:85517548 3059:for h-BN 2984:See also 2912:graphite 2864:zirconia 2833:zirconia 2805:borazine 2725:borazine 2704:Nanomesh 2691:Sudan II 2569:borazine 2499:abrasive 2493:Cubic BN 2454:borazine 2411:bearings 2186:to give 1910:graphene 1894:graphene 1669:Wetting 1582:Ambient 1527:band gap 1502:−17.3 ⟂ 1456:4.5–5.5 1442:Band gap 1408:2–800 ⟂ 1390:(W/m·K) 1294:Diamond 1271:Physical 1253:wurtzite 1215:graphite 1170:wurtzite 1134:graphene 1064:wurtzite 1052:graphite 1025:nitrogen 879:NFPA 704 751:Hazards 648:wurtzite 8738: 7653:nitride 7341:Boranes 6993:Bibcode 6941:May 31, 6916:May 31, 6899:Bibcode 6870:May 31, 6845:May 31, 6788:June 8, 6736:June 8, 6667:Bibcode 6632:Bibcode 6570:Bibcode 6519:Bibcode 6511:Science 6476:Bibcode 6437:Bibcode 6429:RSC Adv 6385:in situ 6321:Bibcode 6212:Bibcode 6204:Science 6177:4432566 6156:Bibcode 5987:Bibcode 5890:Bibcode 5847:4557360 5826:Bibcode 5767:Bibcode 5707:5372545 5679:Bibcode 5615:Bibcode 5569:6555632 5540:Bibcode 5494:5489686 5473:Bibcode 5416:Bibcode 5344:Bibcode 5319:21 June 5167:4455321 5139:Bibcode 5023:Bibcode 4801:Bibcode 4736:Bibcode 4698:Bibcode 4663:Bibcode 4651:In situ 4413:Bibcode 4385:: 2708. 4344:Bibcode 4289:Bibcode 4242:Bibcode 4206:5489686 4177:Bibcode 4111:Bibcode 4088:1157650 4060:Bibcode 4015:Bibcode 3980:Bibcode 3918:Bibcode 3867:Bibcode 3822:Bibcode 3814:Science 3789:: D25. 3752:4419843 3724:Bibcode 3681:Bibcode 3646:Bibcode 3603:Bibcode 3550:1906698 3530:Bibcode 3449:Bibcode 3406:Bibcode 3367:Bibcode 3235:5377335 3212:Bibcode 3173:Bibcode 3130:Bibcode 2995:Borazon 2939:crystal 2935:crystal 2908:ammonia 2900:ceramic 2880:erosion 2845:enamels 2825:alumina 2784:aerogel 2717:rhodium 2573:caesium 2562:MOSFETs 2560:, e.g. 2531:Borazon 2391:make-up 2378:leads. 2103:+ 3 CaB 2069:+ CO(NH 1984:ammonia 1982:) with 1730:vacuum 1683:vacuum 1666:vacuum 1649:vacuum 1620:Wetting 1616:vacuum 1599:vacuum 1585:Action 1419:(10/K) 1396:600 ∥, 1237:diamond 1150:diamond 1060:diamond 994:what is 992: ( 791:Warning 734:(Δ 682:entropy 566:Density 354:PubChem 83:scholar 6891:Nature 6708: 6685: 6588: 6545: 6537: 6494: 6366: 6273: 6238: 6230: 6184: 6174: 6124: 6116: 6067: 6059: 6013: 6005: 5908: 5854: 5844: 5787: 5705: 5697: 5641: 5633: 5576: 5566: 5558: 5501: 5491: 5434: 5377:: 35. 5292: 5165: 5157: 5121:Nature 5104: 5066: 5041: 4998: 4988: 4957: 4909: 4819: 4632: 4431: 4362: 4315: 4307: 4260: 4213: 4203: 4195: 4137: 4129: 4086: 4078: 3893: 3885: 3842: 3793: 3750: 3742: 3716:Nature 3699: 3621: 3564: 3556: 3548: 3499: 3424: 3323: 3273: 3250: 3242: 3232: 3148: 3090: 2803:using 2727:under 2511:alloys 2507:nickel 2440:binder 2376:pencil 2374:, and 2368:paints 2177:toners 2169:plasma 2107:+ 10 N 2021:+ 2 NH 1945:micron 1635:React 1632:Argon 1579:Solid 1363:(GPa) 1339:(GPa) 1331:3.515 1044:carbon 989:verify 986: 506:SMILES 183:Names 140:reason 85: 78: 71: 64: 56: 7311:B(OH) 7292:Acids 7124:(PDF) 6683:S2CID 6620:(PDF) 6586:S2CID 6543:S2CID 6413:(PDF) 6390:(PDF) 6236:S2CID 6122:S2CID 6096:arXiv 6065:S2CID 6039:arXiv 6031:Small 6011:S2CID 5977:arXiv 5906:S2CID 5880:arXiv 5816:arXiv 5703:S2CID 5669:arXiv 5639:S2CID 5605:arXiv 5530:arXiv 5463:arXiv 5432:S2CID 5406:arXiv 5269:(PDF) 5210:(PDF) 5163:S2CID 5129:arXiv 4996:S2CID 4955:S2CID 4817:S2CID 4440:(PDF) 4429:S2CID 4401:(PDF) 4167:arXiv 4135:S2CID 4084:S2CID 4050:arXiv 3891:S2CID 3779:(PDF) 3748:S2CID 3619:S2CID 3593:arXiv 3562:S2CID 3248:S2CID 3146:S2CID 3120:arXiv 3021:Notes 2571:with 2383:Japan 2328:boron 2159:from 2081:+ 2 H 2039:B(OH) 1999:CO(NH 1993:) or 1937:Tibet 1736:1360 1702:2200 1689:1100 1672:1500 1655:1050 1624:1360 1605:1360 1522:ionic 1514:−1.6 1481:2.05 1447:5.05 1444:(eV) 1398:30 ⟂ 1369:36.5 1328:~2.1 1325:3.49 1322:3.45 1319:~2.1 1316:2.28 1021:boron 550:24.82 451:InChI 367:66227 345:Elbor 279:59612 250:ChEBI 228:JSmol 142:or a 90:JSTOR 76:books 8644:PbNH 8542:Ba(N 8380:Sr(N 8144:Ca(N 7965:Mg(N 7767:Be(N 7718:He(N 7607:COBH 7299:B(NO 6943:2024 6918:2024 6872:2024 6847:2024 6790:2024 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