1484:
304:
29:
156:, Arnold was severely wounded after being shot in his leg. His horse, who was shot as well, fell on Arnold's leg and shattered it. After this, Arnold continued to grow ever more bitter towards the Continental Army when he was passed over for promotion, lost his business, and he was court-martialed for abusing his power as military commander of
995:
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De
Peyster decided on a boot for the monument because he had heard of a story where Arnold asked an American he met in London what the Americans thought of him, to which the American said that they would make a monument out of Arnold's leg and hang the rest of his body in effigy. Historian Michael L.
294:
The monument was originally located at the top of the hill at the
Breymann Redoubt site, but it was later moved after further research as to where Arnold injured his leg, which was the more southern end of the main redoubt line. The time at which this happened is disputed with some sources saying
375:
sits atop the howitzer. As a sign of dishonor, the howitzer barrel is pointed downwards. One error in the inscription is that Arnold did not earn the rank of Major
General after, and because of, Saratoga, but he became more senior than the other officers who had been promoted before him. The
280:
The toe of the Boot
Monument was stolen by college boys on a visit and they were only discovered when an anonymous informer (described as "a graduate of a New York State educational institution") told the battlefield official that the toe was stolen. The monument underwent restoration after
1809:
728:
2095:
387:, but the place where Arnold's statue should stand in the monument is an empty niche. In an old cadet chapel at West Point, Revolutionary War generals are honored with a plaque on the wall, but Arnold's plaque does not have his name on it, and only mentions his birth and death dates.
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1772:
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having promoted some rival and younger generals ahead of him, and a court-martial which resulted in him being convicted of two minor charges of using his role as military commander of
Philadelphia to make a profit. This along with the fact that his wife,
965:
866:
758:
269:
Lear said that he decided on Arnold's boot as a suitable monument because "the leg was the only part of Arnold not to later turn traitor and since it was sacrificed in winning the battle of
Saratoga, it should be commemorated." He commissioned
725:
257:, a writer of several military histories about the Battle of Saratoga, and a vice president of the SMA, wanted to commemorate Arnold's contribution to the Continental Army's victory over the British. He was unsatisfied with the
221:
so he could pass on information on how to best attack West Point. André was captured on his way back to New York and the plans for the West Point attack were discovered. Arnold fled to New York City to join the
British army and
442:
The most accepted version of Arnold's contributions, supported by Arnold biographer James Kirby Martin, is that he led troops on the battlefield. However, former park historian John
Luzader says that Arnold sent orders from
1862:
216:
finally offering Arnold £20,000 (equivalent to £3,353,000 in 2023) for the capture of West Point, a fortification that was important to the control of the Hudson River. Arnold met with
British Major
261:
where the niche where a statue of Arnold should have gone would remain empty. De
Peyster considered Arnold a traitor but still recognized his contributions at Saratoga. According to Arnold biographer
2132:
203:
Gates did not make much mention of Arnold's contributions in his report of the aftermath of the battle. This contributed to Arnold's bitterness, along with his combat wounds, business troubles,
1949:
277:. The monument was then erected during 1887. It is the only monument to Arnold in the United States and the only monument in Saratoga National Park that does not say the name of its honoree.
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inscription was edited after its erection to say "erected 1887 by" before De Peyster's name to make it clear that he is not the honoree of the boot. The monument faces the battlefield.
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192:. Gates attempted to send Arnold back to camp, but Gates's orders did not reach Arnold until the battle was over. Arnold led the American Continental Army in taking a
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Similarly to how Arnold's name does not appear on the Boot Monument because of his betrayal to the British side, the Saratoga Battle Monument honors Gates, General
295:
1975 while others say 1972. However, the monument was still at the Breymann Redoubt before the time of its move and is still at the southern end of the redoubt.
1517:
356:
The monument is made of white marble and is 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. It never mentions Arnold by name because of Arnold's defection to the British army (see
2043:
Strange, Carolyn (April 2015). "The Battlefields of Personal and Public Memory: Commemorating the Battle of Saratoga (1777) in the Late Nineteenth Century".
1421:
1364:
1063:
2190:
1547:
A Military Miscellany: From Bunker Hill to Baghdad: Important, Uncommon, and Sometimes Forgotten Facts, Lists, and Stories from America's Military History
987:
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265:, he wanted to "honor some of Arnold's deeds without honoring the man" but thought that simply a slab of granite to commemorate Arnold "would not do."
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1126:"Digital Collections : Still Image : Monument dedicated by John Watts de Peyster, Brev: Maj. Gen. S.N.Y. [NYSA_14297-87_3626]"
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on 7 October 1777, General Arnold unexpectedly joined the fighting even after disagreements between him and Major General
200:. However, at the end of the conflict, Arnold's leg and horse were shot. When the horse fell, Arnold's leg shattered.
2007:
1507:
751:"Time Softens the Harsh Verdict of His Contemporaries on an American Military Genius who was Born Just 200 Years Ago"
303:
118:
80:
1752:
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2112:
1610:"The Construction of Nonpersonhood and Demonization: Commemorating the Traitorous Reputation of Benedict Arnold"
360:), and De Peyster was worried that the monument would be defaced if it mentioned Arnold directly. It features a
212:, came from a family of Loyalists, caused Arnold to start making communications with the British army, with Sir
1915:
1125:
1551:
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411:
1658:
Thirteen Charges Against Benedict Arnold: The Accusations of Colonel John Brown Prior to the Act of Treason
2025:
1929:
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114:
1935:
1907:
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145:, but does not mention him on the monument because Arnold later betrayed the Continental Army to the
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1996:
Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution
422:
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126:
149:. Instead, it commemorates Arnold as the "most brilliant soldier of the Continental Army".
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270:
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130:
90:
273:, who had designed other statues that de Peyster had erected, to sculpt a marker in white
8:
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1973:
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425:– Continental soldier who stayed in the British Army in a failed plan to capture Arnold
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Saratoga: A Military History of the Decisive Campaign of the American Revolution
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33:
Monument to Benedict Arnold's injured foot at Saratoga National Historical Park
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1244:"Yes, take down the Confederate statues. But the founders are different"
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1727:
414:– letter by Benedict Arnold justifying his actions for switching sides
188:
resulted in Arnold's command being removed and given to Major General
160:. He later attempted to help the British capture the fortification of
1903:
Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered
365:
1693:
1627:
176:, although the extent of his contributions to the first battle, the
1711:
726:
A Guide to Early African Collections in the Smithsonian Institution
618:
369:
361:
1609:
594:
520:
518:
516:
514:
2114:
The Revolutionary War in the Adirondacks: Raids in the Wilderness
1175:
307:
The Boot Monument from the back, where the inscription is written
193:
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barrel with a left-footed horseman's riding boot and a two-star
1096:"Tour Stop 7: The Decisive Moment (U.S. National Park Service)"
511:
372:
274:
172:
American Major General Benedict Arnold had contributed to both
1333:"'God Save Benedict Arnold' Review: Hero First, Traitor Later"
28:
1970:
George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots
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238:(SMA) meeting in July of 1882, there was an announcement by
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1754:
The Saratoga Campaign: Uncovering an Embattled Landscape
1446:
956:"At Last! Clue to Last Part of Monument to a Man's Leg"
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1830:
Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War
705:
681:
1300:
693:
582:
570:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
180:, are disputed. However, in the second conflict, the
1691:
1312:
624:
600:
1692:Frothingham, Thomas G.; Nickerson, Hoffman (1928).
1199:"Oct. 7,1777: The Beginning of the End at Saratoga"
2211:American Revolutionary War monuments and memorials
1882:(1st ed.). New York, New York: Savas Beatie.
1787:
524:
2046:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
1746:
1016:
164:but was discovered and fled to the British army.
2206:Tourist attractions in Saratoga County, New York
2167:
1583:The Man in the Mirror: A Life of Benedict Arnold
2080:. Haverton, Pennsylvania and Oxford, England:
736:. p. 62. Smithsonian Institution, August 1994.
2077:Special Operations in the American Revolution
1788:Holmes, Timothy; Smith-Holmes, Libby (2012).
1603:
1365:"Palance Recalls Arnold Heroism at Saratoga"
1181:
368:for a major general on top of the barrel. A
2191:Monuments and memorials in New York (state)
988:"May Find Toe of Only Statue to a Left Leg"
2156:National Park Service page on the monument
1854:The Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution
27:
2111:Williams, Marie Danielle Annette (2013).
1990:
1196:
1064:"Revolutionary Saratoga Springs: Details"
675:
648:
2110:
2073:
1452:
1330:
843:
744:
742:
311:The inscription on the monument reads:
302:
2042:
2016:
1877:
1850:
1824:
1464:
1422:"Proposal to Honor Arnold Frowned Upon"
892:"Nameless Monument For Benedict Arnold"
711:
687:
663:
612:
588:
576:
539:
505:
103:, although it does not mention his name
2168:
1964:
1924:
1896:
1654:
1580:
1505:
1395:
1331:Brumwell, Stephen (15 December 2023).
1306:
749:Watson, Elmo Scott (31 January 1941).
748:
699:
636:
560:
480:
418:Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec
2196:Marble sculptures in New York (state)
2135:from the original on 17 December 2023
1865:from the original on 17 December 2023
1734:from the original on 17 December 2023
1694:"The Turning Point of the Revolution"
1543:
1487:from the original on 2 September 2024
1345:from the original on 29 February 2024
1318:
1234:
1232:
1192:
1190:
1130:digitalcollections.archives.nysed.gov
1028:
886:
884:
818:The Telegraph (Nashua, New Hampshire)
739:
322:2nd V. Pres't Saratoga Mon't Ass't'n:
2074:Tonsetic, Robert L. (19 July 2013).
2024:(1st ed.). New York, New York:
2022:Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor
1585:(1st ed.). New York, New York:
1398:"A Monument to the Leg of a Traitor"
1061:
1508:"Beloved Hero and Despised Traitor"
1499:
1256:from the original on 5 October 2020
1238:
326:the "most brilliant soldier" of the
16:American Revolutionary War memorial
13:
2053:(2). Cambridge, England: 194–221.
1506:Groark, Virginia (21 April 2002).
1288:from the original on 12 March 2024
1229:
1197:Middleton, Drew (8 October 1977).
1187:
1163:from the original on 12 March 2024
1118:
1106:from the original on 11 March 2024
1043:from the original on 12 March 2024
998:from the original on 12 March 2024
992:Telegraph-Herald and Times-Journal
936:from the original on 12 March 2024
904:from the original on 12 March 2024
881:
825:from the original on 12 March 2024
793:from the original on 12 March 2024
14:
2222:
2149:
2098:from the original on 7 March 2024
1952:from the original on 3 March 2024
1812:from the original on 3 March 2024
1775:from the original on 2 March 2024
1706:(4). Boston, Massachusetts: 594.
1679:from the original on 7 March 2024
1568:from the original on 2 March 2024
1434:from the original on 3 March 2024
1410:from the original on 4 June 2024.
1396:Duffus, R. L. (9 November 1930).
1377:from the original on 3 March 2024
1373:. 11 September 1985. p. 11.
1217:from the original on 9 March 2024
1076:from the original on 3 March 2024
119:Saratoga National Historical Park
81:Saratoga National Historical Park
2181:American Revolutionary War sites
1520:from the original on 17 May 2022
1151:"Monument To Leg Honors Traitor"
625:Frothingham & Nickerson 1928
601:Frothingham & Nickerson 1928
245:John Watts de Peyster, a former
133:, it commemorates Major General
1791:Saratoga: America's Battlefield
1759:University Press of New England
1642:from the original on 4 May 2024
1465:MacIvor, Ivor (20 March 1954).
1458:
1414:
1389:
1357:
1324:
1268:
1143:
1088:
1055:
1022:
980:
968:from the original on 4 May 2024
948:
924:"Find Clue to Missing Monument"
916:
869:from the original on 4 May 2024
857:"General's Boot Lured Students"
849:
813:"Find Clue to Missing Monument"
805:
773:
761:from the original on 4 May 2024
717:
334:BURGOYNES GREAT WESTERN REDOUBT
2117:. Charleston, South Carolina:
1794:. Charleston, South Carolina:
1655:Duling, Ennis (29 July 2021).
1536:
1029:Gruse, Doug (11 August 2015).
525:Holmes & Smith-Holmes 2012
436:
332:on this spot the sally port of
1:
1851:Lossing, Benson John (1852).
1661:. Jefferson, North Carolina:
1552:Random House Publishing Group
1430:. 4 August 1930. p. 17.
1284:. 28 August 1927. p. 9.
1281:The Evening Tribune (Hornell)
1031:"Famed traitor gets a leg up"
1017:Griswold & Linebaugh 2016
450:
412:To the Inhabitants of America
298:
236:Saratoga Monument Association
167:
994:. 28 July 1931. p. 11.
964:. 31 July 1931. p. 24.
7:
1467:"The Hero Who Got The Boot"
1159:. 28 June 1956. p. 3.
932:. 28 July 1931. p. 6.
865:. 29 July 1931. p. 2.
821:. 28 July 1931. p. 6.
789:. 28 July 1931. p. 5.
390:
344:and for himself the rank of
330:who was desperately wounded
224:remained as a general there
10:
2227:
2026:William Morrow and Company
1757:. Lebanon, New Hampshire:
1622:(4). Athens, Georgia: 23.
340:the decisive battle of the
338:winning for his countrymen
229:
115:American Revolutionary War
2059:10.1017/S1537781414000796
1936:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
1908:New York University Press
1878:Luzader, John F. (2008).
1699:The New England Quarterly
1472:The Saturday Evening Post
125:. Erected during 1887 by
96:
86:
76:
42:
38:
26:
1931:The Real Benedict Arnold
1182:Ducharme & Fine 1995
731:23 February 2024 at the
429:
259:Saratoga Battle Monument
178:Battle of Freeman's Farm
2018:Randall, Willard Sterne
1663:McFarland & Company
1019:, pp. 30, 94, 101.
961:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
397:Stonewall Jackson's arm
182:Battle of Bemis Heights
154:Battle of Bemis Heights
61:43.008389°N 73.639361°W
1998:. New York, New York:
1934:. New York, New York:
1906:. New York, New York:
1834:Henry Holt and Company
1832:. New York, New York:
1747:Griswold, William A.;
1581:Brandt, Clare (1993).
1550:. New York, New York:
1544:Aryes, Thomas (2008).
897:The Lewiston Daily Sun
786:Lawrence Journal-World
383:, Arnold, and Colonel
354:
320:Brev: Maj: Gen: S.N.Y.
308:
251:New York State Militia
152:While fighting at the
1276:"Not Quite Forgotten"
1184:, pp. 1323–1324.
781:"Arnold's Toe Stolen"
483:, pp. 2, 3, 235.
423:John Champe (soldier)
318:JOHN WATTS de PEYSTER
313:
306:
240:Ellen Harden Walworth
226:until the war ended.
127:John Watts de Peyster
66:43.008389; -73.639361
1992:Philbrick, Nathaniel
1972:. Washington, D.C.:
1966:Palmer, Dave Richard
1749:Linebaugh, Donald W.
862:The Spokesman-Review
402:Daniel Sickles's leg
271:George Edwin Bissell
131:George Edwin Bissell
117:memorial located in
91:George Edwin Bissell
2082:Casemate Publishers
1898:Martin, James Kirby
1826:Ketchum, Richard M.
1604:Ducharme, Lori J.;
1427:Schenectady Gazette
1370:Schenectady Gazette
1249:The Washington Post
678:, pp. 267–269.
666:, pp. 448–540.
651:, pp. 321–326.
639:, pp. 254–255.
615:, pp. 284–285.
508:, pp. 194–221.
342:American Revolution
174:Battles of Saratoga
139:Battles of Saratoga
57: /
23:
2119:Arcadia Publishing
1974:Regnery Publishing
1796:Arcadia Publishing
1513:The New York Times
1403:The New York Times
1203:The New York Times
900:. 22 August 1927.
755:The Pentwater News
542:, p. 388–390.
309:
288:The New York Times
255:American Civil War
137:'s service at the
21:
2128:978-1-4396-7023-1
2091:978-1-61200-165-4
2035:978-1-55710-034-4
1983:978-1-59698-020-4
1945:978-0-395-77609-4
1889:978-1-932714-44-9
1843:978-0-8050-6123-9
1805:978-1-61423-566-8
1768:978-1-61168-965-5
1672:978-1-4766-4360-1
1596:978-0-679-40106-3
1561:978-0-553-80440-9
723:Leopold, Robert.
358:damnatio memoriae
336:7th October, 1777
107:
106:
97:Dedicated to
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2160:Archived version
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1242:(14 July 2020).
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328:Continental Army
291:, financed it.
190:Benjamin Lincoln
143:Continental Army
129:and sculpted by
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31:
24:
20:
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2186:Benedict Arnold
2176:1887 sculptures
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2101:
2099:
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2036:
2010:
1984:
1955:
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1918:
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1628:10.2307/2580449
1606:Fine, Gary Alan
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1459:
1455:, p. 1769.
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22:Boot Monument
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2137:. Retrieved
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1954:. Retrieved
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1587:Random House
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712:Randall 1990
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688:Lossing 1852
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52:73°38′21.7″W
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2139:17 December
1926:Murphy, Jim
1869:2 September
1738:17 December
1537:Works cited
1524:17 December
1438:28 February
1381:28 February
1349:29 February
1307:Duling 2021
1240:Coe, Alexis
1135:17 December
1100:www.nps.gov
1080:28 February
700:Brandt 1993
637:Palmer 2006
563:, pp.
561:Martin 1997
481:Murphy 2007
370:laurel leaf
253:during the
64: /
49:43°0′30.2″N
2170:Categories
1917:0814755607
1319:Aryes 2008
451:References
299:Appearance
263:Jim Murphy
219:John André
168:Background
162:West Point
2067:162888801
1720:0028-4866
1481:0048-9239
1211:0362-4331
366:epaulette
2133:Archived
2096:Archived
2020:(1990).
1994:(2016).
1968:(2006).
1950:Archived
1928:(2007).
1900:(1997).
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1828:(1997).
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1773:Archived
1751:(2016).
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759:Archived
729:Archived
391:See also
362:howitzer
350:—
205:Congress
123:New York
87:Designer
77:Location
2102:3 March
1956:3 March
1816:3 March
1779:3 March
1683:3 March
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1221:9 March
249:of the
230:History
194:redoubt
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275:marble
113:is an
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1724:JSTOR
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1110:1 May
430:Notes
234:In a
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2123:ISBN
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