Bonin Islands - Knowledge

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depend on future assessment of the impact on the natural environment and economic feasibility. Ogasawara Village supported the runway in preference to expanding either the current helicopter or seaplane access. In fiscal 2019, 490 million yen was included in the Japanese budget for a feasibility study and a survey on Chichijima to determine the best location to construct the runway. In August 2020, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government held a council during which it affirmed its desire to open an airport but claimed that it would not occur until 2030 at the earliest. To address environmental concerns, they further proposed shortening the runway to about 500 meters (1,600 ft) and using

1000: 3301: 186: 1229: 2840: 3577: 3289: 3626: 3427: 1067: 3589: 43: 6617: 3605: 1036:. Further foreign settlement was banned, and the government assisted settlers who wished to relocate there from mainland Japan. The islands' forests were also cut down to use the land for sugar cane production. Colonists largely segregated themselves in two different villages, one for the Americans and the other for the Japanese. Islanders of European and US ancestry were eventually granted Japanese nationality in 1882. 3405:

all supported the idea in theory. Projects have lagged, however, due to concerns about its economic feasibility and concerns that the proposed sites are homes to numerous valuable, rare, or endangered plant species. Some locals have greatly desired an airport, while a desire to keep the natural beauty of the islands untouched has prompted others to work to block one. The issue is quite controversial on the islands.

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Bonins to Japanese control. The Ōbeikei could choose to either become Japanese nationals or to receive American citizenship and repatriate to the United States. The majority remained in the islands as Japanese citizens. Initially some 600 Japanese relocated to the islands, growing to about 2,000 by the end of the 20th century.

963:. They found the climate suitable for farming and the raising of livestock. Rum was made from cane sugar, and bordellos were opened, sometimes staffed by women kidnapped from other island chains. Whalers and other ships that could not find another friendly port in Japan often visited the Bonins for provision and recreation. 3511:

describes itself as 'a novel', but claims 'this book is an accurate history of the Bonin Islands', based mainly on information from Nathaniel Savory's great-granddaughter, and includes descriptions of maltreatment of the Anglo-Polynesian population by the later Japanese settlers and authorities and a

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announced that it was considering opening a regular air route between Tokyo and the Bonins using a proposed 1,200 m (3,900 ft) runway that would be built on Chichijima. This would allow it to land propeller aircraft with up to 50 passengers. The Tokyo government said that construction would

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ancestry were allowed to return. Vacant properties of exiled Japanese were bulldozed as part of the Navy's management of nuclear weapons on Chichijima. In 1956, the residents petitioned for American annexation of the islands but received no response. In 1968, the United States government returned the

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For several decades, there has been talk of building a full airport. Sites on Chichijima and Anijima have both been rejected. Travel time to the mainland would be cut to around two hours, improving tourism and the provision of emergency services, and the national, regional, and local government have

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In 2021, the Bonins had a total population of 2560, divided between Chichijima (2120) and Hahajima (440). Virtually all of the Bonin Islands' permanent inhabitants are Japanese citizens. This includes a significant proportion with ancestors from the United States, Europe, and other Pacific islands,

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Ogasawara Village operates a bus service on Chichijima and elderly passengers may use a "silver pass". There is also a sightseeing taxi service, a rental car company, motorized scooter rental services, a bike rental service, and other amenities. Bringing your automobile onto the island is extremely

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was dispatched to the islands with a crew of cartographers, physicians and prominent bureaucrats. The islands were officially renamed Ogasawara, referring to the legendary Japanese discoverer from the late 16th century. This tentative colonization, however, did not last for long. In summer 1863,

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in 1543, the expedition could not find the wanted islands after searching the positions where they were charted in contemporary references. Japanese maps at the time seem to have been rather inaccurate, to the point that some contemporaries considered them to have been deliberately misleading to

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In 1917, 60–70 island people claimed ancestry among the 19th-century English-speaking settlers; however, in 1941, no Bonin people would acknowledge descent from these early colonists. The current residents include some who claim to be related to Nathaniel Savory. In the winter of 1920–1921,

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On 26 June 2016, the Japanese Minister of Environment Tamayo Marukawa talked about airport construction on the Bonins after the meeting in Tokyo commemorating the fifth anniversary of their registration as World Natural Heritage. At a 27 July 2017 meeting with Ogasawara Village, the

3355:"techno superliner" able to reach a maximum speed of 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph) and make the same journey in only 17 hours with a capacity of around 740 passengers. The project was cancelled in July 2005, however, due to rising fuel prices and cost overruns of ¥2 billion. 5409:"Description d'un Groupe d'Îles Peu Connues et Situé entre le Japon et les Îles Mariannes, Rédigée d'après les Relations des Japonais [Description of a Little Known Group of Islands Situated between Japan and the Mariana Islands, Including the Accounts of the Japanese]" 3447:. During and after the US military occupation of 1946–68, a small minority of islanders opted for US citizenship and/or emigrated from the islands. However, most islanders with non-Japanese ancestry now appear to be reassimilating with the ethnic Japanese majority. 1199:. Foreign tourists are also sometimes drawn both by the islands' remoteness and its unusually mixed local culture. Refrigeration has also allowed greater exporting of fruits and vegetables. Coffee bushes have also been recently introduced to some success. 1837:). Temperatures are warm to hot all year round owing to the warm currents from the North Pacific gyre that surround the island. Rainfall is less heavy than in most parts of mainland Japan since the island is too far south to be influenced by the 6854: 6836: 6805: 6715: 6646: 4247:

Case No. 21 Trial Of General Tomoyuki Yamashita[,] United States Military Commission, Manila, (8 October–7 December 1945), and the Supreme Court Of The United States (Judgments Delivered On 4 February 1946). Part

3462:, Ogasawara Creole or Ogasawara Mixed Language, emerged on the islands during the 19th century. This was the result of Japanese being hybridised with island English, resulting in a mixed language that can still be heard. 3525:

says "This isolated group, belonging to Japan, had been selected as the rendezvous of the Canadian and American sealing fleets", and describes the drunken visit of a young sailor and his shipmates to the Bonin Islands.

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that has not yet been emplaced on oceanic crust. Although the area is currently dormant, most of the islands still have steep shorelines, often with sea cliffs ranging from 50 to 100 meters (160 to 330 ft) high.

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Agne, ed. (1987). "Ogasawara kūkō kensetsu no henkō motomeru / Nihon Seitai Gakkai dai 24-kai sōkai" [Petition to Change Ogasawara Airport Construction / 24th General Meeting, Ecological Society of Japan].

3552:, a luxury yacht is set adrift and lands on an island. Upon approaching the island, one of the crew members shouts: "I wonder if it's the Bonin Islands?" The English subtitles for the film misspell Bonin "Bonan". 5752: 967: 689:". Shimaya Ichizaemon, the explorer at the order of the shogunate, inventoried several species of trees and birds, but after his expedition, the shogunate abandoned any plans to develop the remote islands. 5379: 927:

In 1830, with the help of British Consul to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) Richard Charlton, Richard Millichamp, and Matteo Mazzaro sailed to the islands. The first permanent colony was made up of

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with some exploitation of timber and grazing land for export to the mainland. With improved transportation, it has developed as a tourist destination, particularly for Japanese interested in

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occupied the island, bulldozing existing Japanese homes and restricting resettlement until full control of the Bonins was returned to Japan in 1968. Ethnically, the island is now majority

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150-meter (490 ft) long vessel with 170 private rooms and a total capacity of 894 passengers. With a top speed of 24.7 knots (45.7 km/h; 28.4 mph), it makes the trip from

981:. They established themselves initially in South Island. One of them, a woman from the Caroline Islands named Hypa, died in 1897 age about 112, after being baptized on her deathbed. 748:. However, investigation of the claim not only found it to be a fraud but the very existence of Sadayori to be doubtful; as a punishment Sadato was exiled by the shogunate (1735). 6746: 2934:

dry forest is found in drier lowland and upland sites with shallower soils. It is also a closed-canopy forest, with a 4-to-8-meter (13 to 26 ft) canopy composed mostly of

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A man at a well, alongside buildings with the thatched roofs, weather-beaten unpainted sides and paper partitions and windows, characteristic of the islands before World War II

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to the east about 50 million years ago and prolonged volcanic activity that created the islands on the west around 48 million years ago. The Bonins are mostly composed of an

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Japanese is the common language. Because settlers from the United States, Europe and other Pacific islands preceded ethnic Japanese residents, an English-lexified

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mesic forest is found in the moist lowland areas with deep soils. The forests have a closed canopy with a height of about 15 meters (49 ft), dominated by

5365: 2936: 3217:, was supposedly a population introduced to the islands only as late as 1850, but is also known from subfossil remains; it went extinct after 1925-26, when 693: 468: 5697: 5341: 2948: 912:

Capt F. W. Beechey took possession of this Group of Islands in the Name of and on the behalf of His Britannic Majesty George the IV on the 14th June 1827."

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These groups were collectively called the Archbishop Islands in Spanish sources of the 18th–19th century, most likely due to an expedition organized by

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James R. Moriarty III; William R. Roberts (1975). "Between Cipango and Quivira: The legends of Rica de Oro y Rica de Plata and the Islas del Armenio".

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Flora has evolved differently on each of the islands. The Bonin Islands are sometimes referred to as the Galápagos of the Orient. They form a distinct

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The Bonin Islands consist of three subgroups. Their former names come from a variety of sources but their Japanese ones generally reflect a family:

3466: 2851: 3153:), formerly known as the Bonin honeyeater. The Japanese wood pigeon was extirpated from the Iwo Island groups in the 1980s. The formerly endemic 3133:

extends beyond the Bonins themselves to other islands in the North Pacific. There are two restricted-range species of birds on the islands, the

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scrub forest is found on windy and dry mountain ridges and exposed sea cliffs. These forests have the highest species diversity on the islands.

4278: 1082:, English was banned on the Bonins, and Americans had to take on Japanese names. As fighting creeped closer to Japan during the later stage of 6849: 3832: 2338:) with warm to hot temperatures throughout the year. The wettest months are July and August, while the driest months are February and March. 1089: 4057:, Vol. 26, (1856), pp. 232–235, Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 240:. The group as a whole has a total area of 84 square kilometers (32 sq mi) but only two of the islands are permanently inhabited, 6736: 6654: 6606: 5646: 4945:

Ogasawara Island Airlines Development Study Report: Survey of Air Service Equipment and others with Study on Planning Airport Construction

4327:"Bonin Islanders Seek U.S. Tie But Remain International Pawns; Descendants of Americans Ask Citizenship in Vain—Fight Return of Japanese," 1206:

agencies involved with the islands. A 25-metre-diameter (82 ft) radio telescope is located in Chichijima, one of the stations of the

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Because of the Bonins' isolation, many of their animals and plants have undergone unique evolutionary processes. It has been called "the

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Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Beering's Strait to Co-operate with the Polar Expeditions, Performed in His Majesty's Ship

5122: 3535:, a fictional island in the chain, South Ataria Island (which would have laid at the southernmost position in the chain, surpassing 809:, to explore the northern Pacific and the islands of Japan. Its main objective was to find the long sought but legendary islands of 5036:"Tokushū—Ogasawara no shizen to kūkō kensetsu kēkaku" [Special edition—Nature on Ogasawara and airport construction plan]. 4842: 3275:) was photographed off the Bonins for the first time in the wild on 30 September 2004 and was filmed alive there in December 2006. 1028:

In 1875 the Japanese Meiji government reclaimed the islands. The Japanese names of each island were resolved and 38 settlers from

4792: 824:. After several years of planning and frustrated initial attempts, the expedition finally set sail on 12 July 1587 commanded by 6937: 6922: 6917: 6672: 6562: 5125:[Tokyo Metropolitan Government suggested policy with the Airport Construction Plan on Ogasawara Island] (in Japanese). 185: 3209:, and a survey published by the Ogasawara Office of Education in 1999 estimated their number at around 100. The Bonin sambar ( 883:, arrived at Beechey Island. Whaling ships called on a regular basis, for water and turtles, before continuing their voyages. 6585: 5919: 5245: 4170: 3644: 2972:

dry forest occurs in cloudy upland areas with fine-textured soils. These forests contain many rare and endemic species, with

3945: 1088:, most inhabitants were forcibly evacuated to the mainland. There was a Japanese military base on Chichijima run by a Major 5201:

Long, Daniel; Peter Trudgill (2004). "The Last Yankee in the Pacific: Eastern New England Phonology in the Bonin Islands".

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The Bonins have no airport. During severe accidents, illnesses, and other emergencies, a helicopter is dispatched from the

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is used during visits by the Tokyo governor and other dignitaries and for any emergency requiring rapid transport back to

4245: 2858: 2829: 4704:"Accelerated Evolution of Land Snails Mandarina in the Oceanic Bonin Islands: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences" 6751: 5465: 4941:

Ogasawara Shotō Kōkūro Kaihatsu Chōsa (sono 2) Hōkusho : Shūkō Kizai tō Chōsa oyobi Kūkō Kensetsu-an Sakutē Chōsa

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in 1945, one of the fiercest battles of World War II, was fought on a garrison island in this region of the Pacific.

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snails. Most of the native snails are now endangered or extinct because of introduced species and habitat loss. The

3880: 3871: 4309: 2869:. The islands are home to about 500 plant species, of which 43% are endemic. The forests are of three main types: 1820: 1809: 1684:. In Japanese, the geographical expression for the full range of the municipality is the "Ogasawara Archipelago" ( 287:, the islands were entirely uninhabited. Subsequent research has found evidence of some prehistoric habitation by 6912: 6075: 6035: 3639: 81: 6677: 6452: 4462: 845:

used the Spanish name as late as 1831, believing that the Japanese "Boninsima" were entirely different islands.

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and too far from Asia to receive monsoonal rainfall or orographic precipitation on the equatorward side of the

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Ogasawara Island Airlines Development Study Report: Estimated Air Transportation Demand for Ogasawara Islands

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The climate of Chichijima in is on the boundary between the humid subtropical climate (Köppen classification

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are the dominant species, growing from 0.5 to 1.5 meters (1.6 to 4.9 ft) tall. Other common shrubs are

101: 6932: 5987: 4443: 920:. Beechey was also surprised to find two men living on the islands. They remained on the islands after the 639:

The first recorded visit by Europeans to the islands happened on 2 October 1543, when the Spanish explorer

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Ogasawara kūkō kensetsu kēkaku tō senmon iinkai (1998). Tōkyōto Sōmukyoku Gyōseibu Chiiki Shinkōka (ed.).

5475: 5532: 5404: 5180: 741: 384: 6100: 1150:(the Ōbeikei Islanders) and/or related to them by marriage were expelled, while pre-war inhabitants of 1123:

and becoming the only one to ultimately survive. Eight other airmen downed near the islands were later

32: 5412: 4550: 3316:. Since 2016, the main line connecting the islands to the mainland is the Ogasawara Shipping Company ( 6927: 6407: 5771: 5437: 3512:

detailed map of the Chichijima group (on the back end-paper), including over 50 English place-names.

1805: 866:). He visited the archipelago again in 1825 but this time he arrived at the middle group of islands ( 842: 3720: 757: 388: 6800: 6787: 6533: 5948: 5875: 4600: 3192: 2913:

are other important canopy species. These forests were almost completely destroyed by clearing for

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for the next 23 years, which the Westerners referred to as "Navy Time." All residents except those

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in about 24 hours in good weather. The number of monthly voyages varies, having fallen during the

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Ogasawara Island Airlines Development Study Report: For the Independence of the Ogasawara Islands

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Ogasawara Shotō Kōkūro Kaihatsu Chōsa Hōkusho : Ogasawara Shotō no Shinkōjiritsu no tameni

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Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island

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under the Command of Captain F.W. Beechey, R.N., F.R.S. &c. in the Years 1825, 26, 27, 28

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The Ogasawara Village municipality operates public elementary and junior high schools, while

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visited the islands in 1853 and bought property at Port Lloyd from Savory for $ 50. The US "

655:. At that time, the islands were uninhabited. Japanese discovery of the islands occurred in 627:, establishing that the islands were previously home to at least some members of an unknown 6479: 6317: 6307: 6251: 5647:"Mapping the Forgotten Colony: The Ogasawara Islands and the Tokugawa Pivot to the Pacific" 5101: 4525: 4349: 4291: 4156: 3508: 3134: 2999: 2909: 1726: 1120: 1032:

were sent the following year. In 1876 the islands were put under the direct control of the

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Experience the distinctive cuisine of Ogasawara, born from its uncommon island environment

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of Japan claimed the islands in a short-lived colonial enterprise. The shogunal steamboat

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Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land

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who can often be distinguished by their physical features, family names spelled out with

3218: 3205:), also called the Bonin fruit bat, is endemic to the islands. It is currently listed as 2961: 2903: 1203: 1188: 1176: 1124: 1048: 857: 284: 280: 6472: 5441: 5154:["To Ogasawara Airport maintenance" feasibility study by survey] (in Japanese). 4846: 4565: 4136: 3300: 1228: 1051:

compiled a history of the islands over the course of several years, publishing in 1915.

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but remains unusually diverse, which is reflected in the local creole language known as

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Ogasawara Shotō Kōkūro Kaihatsu Chōsa Hōkusho : Ogasawara Shotō no Kōkūjuyō Yosoku

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At the end of the 20th century, prehistoric tools and carved stones were discovered on

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He also named the island of Chichijima "Peel" after then British Home Secretary Sir

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The first published description of the islands in the West was brought to Europe by

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Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu, An Abridged Illustrated Description of the Three Kingdoms

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Language and Citizenship in Japan, edited by Nanette Gottlieb, Chapter 10, p. 176

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published a posthumous, abridged publication of Titsingh's French translation of

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landed in the southern Bailey Group of islands. In 1826, another British whaler,

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Japanese archipelago in the North Pacific Ocean, administered by Tokyo Metropolis

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museum and was told by locals that merely "half a dozen" animals remained alive

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Due to its isolation and recent colonization, the Bonin Islands contain several

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Tōkyōto Sōmukyoku Santama Tōsho Taisakushitsu Ogasawara Shinkōka, ed. (1983).

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The Irregular at Magic High School: The Movie – The Girl Who Summons the Stars

1210:(VLBI) Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) project, and is operated by the 47:

The Bonin Islands or the Ogasawara Islands comprises three main island groups—

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Edo Jidai ni okeru Nihonjin no Mujin Tou (Ogasawara Tou) ni tai-suru Ninshiki

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The islanders were relegated to an insignificant status up through the early

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under foreign pressure, the shogunate ordered the evacuation of the islands.

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The irregular at magic high school The Movie: The Girl Who Summons the Stars

3675:"Ogasawara Islands: Remote witnesses on the front lines of Japanese history" 3426: 6538: 6352: 6297: 5584: 4737: 4640:

Pocock, R.I. (1943). "The Skull-characters of some of the Forms of Sambar (

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at Tokyo's Takeshiba pier. The liner travels between Tokyo and the Bonins.

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lived in the Bonin Islands and painted several landscapes of the islands.

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The Bonin Islanders, 1830 to the Present: Narrating Japanese Nationality

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or Marcus Island, has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen classification

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Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region

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Société Anonyme (the First Museum of Modern Art, 1920–1944): Monographs

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These islands are home to the northernmost outliers of the palm genus

1147: 1131:, Major Matoba, and Captain Yoshii) were found guilty and hanged. The 525: 478: 475: 459: 456: 114: 59:—located SSE of Tokyo. Administratively, they also include the nearby 6844: 6205: 6165: 5714:, vol. 39, Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, pp. 109–122, 3610: 3415: 3257: 3222: 3042: 2990:

dry forest is found in upland areas with few clouds and rocky soils.

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crashed in the ocean near Chichijima. He ended up getting rescued by

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visited the islands in 1893 and published an account of his sojourn.

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reached the island chain and claimed them as a British possession. A

806: 648: 603: 491:, the Bonins proper are known as the "Ogasawara Islands" or "Group" ( 248:. Together, their population was 2,560 as of 2021. Administratively, 6130: 5745: 5608: 5481:

The History of the Bonin Islands from the Year 1827 to the Year 1876

5123:"Ogasawara kōkūro, kūkō kensetsu-an jiku ni kentō—Tōkyōto ga hōshin" 3796: 3195:, is only known in one record and has not been seen since 1915. The 1765:

The Volcano Islands are much younger and still geologically active.

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The faked map of 1752 mentioned in Hiroyuki Tanaka's 1998 article.

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to do their high school education. Ogasawara High opened in 1964.

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left the year before in 1826. The men were Wittrein and Petersen.

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Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu, or, General Outline of the Three Kingdoms

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San Kokf Tsou Ran To Sets, ou, Aperçu Général des Trois Royaumes

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J. Bradshaw, "Review of English on the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands"

3548: 3394: 3033: 2885: 2879: 948: 663: 6818: 6185: 6170: 5708:"Was Marcus Island Discovered by Bernardo de la Torre in 1543?" 3877: 3451: 3431: 3398: 2930: 1730: 1698: 952: 854: 606:, who sent an expedition to the area in the late 16th century. 426: 415:), and then transcribed the resulting reading incorrectly into 339: 315: 300: 276: 5309:

Standish, Robert (pseudonym of Digby George Gerahty). (1943).

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Climate data for Minamitorishima or Marcus Island (1991–2020)

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back into English as another meaning for "the Bonin Islands".

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The Bonins have been referenced in several works of fiction.

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taught elementary students, and high school students went to

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successfully colonized and reclaimed the islands in 1875 but

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Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu

6770:

Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range

4753:"Evolution and Extinction of Land Snails on Oceanic Islands" 1127:

by the Japanese soldiers. After the war, Lieutenant General

3899:

A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds

3492: 3087: 717:, claimed that the islands were discovered by his ancestor 237: 229: 4644:) occurring to the East of the Bay of Bengal. — Part III. 4374: 1833:) and the tropical monsoon climate (Köppen classification 977:

Further settlers arrived in 1846, aboard the whaling ship

853:

On 12 September 1824 American Captain James Coffin in the

4212: 1781:, at 916 meters (3,005 ft). In November 2013, a new 667:

3 (1675). The islands were then referred to as Bunin jima

574:

The islands were also formerly known to Europeans as the

391:—he misread a description of the islands as uninhabited ( 6711:

Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration

4105: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3772: 3770: 661:

10 (1670) and was followed by a shogunate expedition in

403:") for their actual name, used the wrong reading of the 5813:; only Chichijima and Hahajima are inhabited currently. 5740:

The Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands Language and Culture Site

5680:, vol. 1, archived from the original on 2019-11-03 4234:. United States Department of the Navy. 19 August 2019. 4069: 3118: 3421: 3250:

The islands are also renowned for the many species of

2965:. The Type II forests can be further subdivided into: 1508: 1361: 1249: 968:

Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland

755:

in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included

5594:"The Discovery of the Bonin Islands: A Reexamination" 4003:

The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol.II,

3977: 3767: 3743: 1078:. After Japan's attack on the American naval base at 959:; as well as seven unnamed men and 13 women from the 517:) is a wider term including the other islands of the 4757:

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

4208:"Story of George H. W. Bush World War II Experience" 4190: 4188: 3854: 3852: 3621: 904:

s hull and left on a beach as a marker of the claim:

6801:

Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape

4966:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government. 4960:

Ogasawara kūkō kensetsu kēkaku tō ni kansuru teigen

4947:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government. 4928:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government. 4909:] (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government. 4526:"Saving an endangered bird in 'Orient's Galápagos'" 4055:

Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London

4027:Oldman, W. O. (December 1944). "Historical Relic". 4008: 3755: 3731: 5518:King, A.F. (1898), "Hypa, the Centenarian Nurse", 5200: 5073:"Dilemmas of Development on The Ogasawara Islands" 4819: 4817: 4751:Chiba, Satoshi; Cowie, Robert H. (November 2016). 3933: 3254:that are found across the islands, especially the 504:) while the "Ogasawara Islands" or "Archipelago" ( 448:field(s)" but is used for the islands in honor of 387:in which—among various other misunderstandings of 236:and 1,600 kilometers (1,000 mi) northwest of 6584: 5601:Annals of the Association of American Geographers 5075:. Japan Policy Research Institute. Archived from 4964:Recommendations on Ogasawara Airport Construction 4938: 4919: 4564:. BirdLife International. Accessed 27 July 2020. 4340: 4338: 4185: 3849: 3806: 338:, when most islanders were forcibly relocated to 6899: 5696:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4081: 3565:takes place on fictional islands in the Bonins. 3467:Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education 3086:, a plant related to similar species growing in 1777:. The highest point in the entire chain lies on 1111:and other heinous acts on prisoners of war. The 744:20), and the territory was granted as a fief by 5757:Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Ogasawara-mura: 5653:, vol. 6, pp. 440–490, archived from 4814: 4155: 1217: 1100: 769: 729: 704: 676: 6837:Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: 6806:Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: 6716:Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: 6706:Historic Villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama 6647:Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: 4601:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T18752A22085351.en 4350:"Ogasawara Islands Join World Heritage family" 4335: 3830:" ("The Ogasawara Islands in Tokugawa Japan"). 3484: 3351:Previously, there had been plans for a 14,500- 3327: 3317: 1804:The climate of the Bonin Islands range from a 1685: 1637: 1513:), formerly the Baily Group or Coffin Islands 1258: 1244: 1094: 763: 723: 698: 670: 539: 522: 505: 492: 472: 453: 437: 392: 6850:Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region 6570: 6029: 5779: 5742:(no longer maintained, apparently as of 2001) 4407:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tōkyō" in 2994:is the dominant tree species, along with the 1757:. They may represent the exposed parts of an 1187:Historically, the Bonin Islands consisted of 862:first visited the southern group of islands ( 772:An Illustrated Description of Three Countries 6839:Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining 6808:Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining 6718:Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining 6649:Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining 5474: 5264:. ogasawara-h.metro.tokyo.jp. Archived from 4575: 4111: 1426:), formerly North Island or Stapleton Island 873:In September 1825, the British whaling ship 567:. All of these islands are parts of Japan's 420: 376: 19:"Bonin" redirects here. For other uses, see 4401: 3430:An islander, who appears to be a Christian 3267: 3255: 3241: 3200: 3178: 3168: 3158: 3148: 3138: 3079: 3078:with success. Other unique species include 3069: 3061: 1615: 1596: 1577: 1558: 1539: 1520: 1487: 1468: 1449: 1430: 1411: 1392: 1373: 1340: 1321: 1302: 1283: 1264: 951:); Alden B. Chapin and Nathaniel Savory of 6577: 6563: 6036: 6022: 5786: 5772: 5543:(in Japanese), Edo: autograph manuscript, 4977: 4975: 4973: 4793:"Japanese Researchers Capture Giant Squid" 4750: 4238: 4053:Notes on the Bonin Islands, Michael Quin, 1773:characterized by rapid uplift and several 1388:), formerly the Main Island or Peel Island 1232:Satellite photo of Chichijima and Hahajima 1212:National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 228:located around 1,000 kilometers (620 41: 5229: 5194: 5070: 4985:. Yomiuri. August 2, 2020. Archived from 4768: 4719: 4599: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3434:of US or European ancestry, in about 1930 1665:(Marcus Island) are organized as part of 1407:), formerly Hog Island or Buckland Island 1003:A village in the Bonins during the early 306:until finally being claimed by a passing 5555: 5363: 5238:English on the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands 4983:"小笠原に垂直離着陸可能な「ティルトローター機」案…滑走路５００ｍ、環境に配慮" 4554: 4075: 3721:"American Outpost at Japan's Front Door" 3425: 3299: 3287: 3236: 3117: 2838: 1852:Climate data for Chichijima (1991–2020) 1227: 1065: 998: 487:with the discovery of the chain. Within 268:. The seat of government is Chichijima. 201:Location of the Bonin Islands in Oceania 6737:Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area 5527: 5488: 5455: 5436: 5403: 4970: 4868:"Japan pulls plug on Techno Superliner" 4545:"Ogasawara subtropical moist forests". 4523: 4439: 4437: 4380: 4344: 4314:Language Documentation and Conservation 4277:was invoked but never defined (see the 4014: 4005:, (1847) London, Charles Knight, p.205. 3990: 3951: 3922:Re-inventing Japan: Time, Space, Nation 3749: 3718: 3672: 3498: 283:in 2011. When first reached during the 6900: 6673:The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier 5705: 5678:International Journal of Naval History 5591: 5325:"John Barleycorn (London)/Chapter XVI" 5322: 4654:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4639: 4562:Avibase – Bird Checklists of the World 4541: 4539: 4026: 3939: 3812: 3789: 3761: 3737: 3727:. Arlington, Virginia: HistoryNet LLC. 3699: 3106:animal species, most of them recently 1676:). Ogasawara itself is organized as a 634: 6558: 6017: 5767: 5668: 5644: 5450:, London: H. Colburn & R. Bentley 4770:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054331 4701: 4616:"Ogasawara subtropical moist forests" 4194: 4029:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 3858: 3645:List of World Heritage Sites in Japan 2861:. The ecoregion has a high degree of 2816:Source: Japan Meteorological Agency 2323:Source: Japan Meteorological Agency 1792:The islands are fringed with healthy 1142:, the islands were controlled by the 425:, which eventually lost its original 256:also includes the settlements on the 192: 136:7,939 ha (30.65 sq mi) 6043: 5623: 5517: 5235: 5064: 4999: 4569: 4434: 4267: 4087: 3967: 3532:The Super Dimension Fortress Macross 3454:which subsequently developed into a 3358:Hahajima is reachable via the ferry 1733:, simultaneously producing the deep 1709:The Bonin Islands are a part of the 1148:descended from the original settlers 939:, England; Matteo Mazzaro of Ragusa/ 332:the original multicultural community 6747:Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto 6534:List of mergers in Tokyo Metropolis 5495:, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 4587:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4536: 4272: 3594:Minami-jima, a small island in the 3422:Demography, language, and education 3074:is endemic and has been planted in 2859:Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 2830:Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 1301:Nakōdo-jima or Nakadachi-jima (媒島, 13: 6943:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean 6752:Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara 6615: 4721:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03781.x 4232:Naval History and Heritage Command 3283: 2852:subtropical moist broadleaf forest 372:comes from an 1817 article in the 14: 6954: 5727: 5382:from the original on May 16, 2022 4126:, October 1944, pp. 387–388, 404. 3719:Coppock, Mike (21 January 2021). 3365: 3278: 2843:Kominato beach and Kopepe Beach, 1717:. A fore arc, they lie above the 1636:Although not part of the Bonins ( 1208:very-long-baseline interferometry 935:, America, Richard Millichamp of 886:In 1827 Captain F. W. Beechey of 5342:Macross Compendium Atlas Listing 5071:McCormack, Gavan (August 1999). 4524:Yamaoka, Fumiko (May 12, 2007). 4463:"Nishinoshima Continues to Grow" 4273:Cite error: The named reference 3624: 3603: 3587: 3575: 3374: 3232: 1175:The Bonins were named a natural 1107:, who was known for engaging in 191: 184: 96:Islands, reefs, and marine areas 5669:Welch, Jeanie M. (April 2002), 5397: 5364:Morrissy, Kim (June 20, 2017). 5357: 5346: 5335: 5316: 5303: 5279: 5254: 5173: 5144: 5115: 5090: 5029: 4993: 4951: 4939:Tōkyōto Sōmukyoku, ed. (1987). 4932: 4920:Tōkyōto Sōmukyoku, ed. (1985). 4913: 4894: 4880: 4860: 4835: 4785: 4744: 4695: 4672: 4633: 4608: 4517: 4499: 4481: 4455: 4386: 4363: 4319: 4303: 4284: 4220: 4200: 4149: 4129: 4117: 4093: 4060: 4047: 4020: 3996: 3910: 3887: 3864: 3844:Journal of the Maritime History 3640:List of extreme points of Japan 1789:and eventually merged with it. 1535:), formerly Hillsborough Island 1170: 1043: 848: 5706:Welsch, Bernhard (June 2004), 5489:Freeman, Otis Willard (1951), 3916:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa. (1998). 3818: 3666: 3539:), is the landing site of the 3393:seaplane from the SDF post at 1366:), formerly the Beechey Group 1259: 1245: 1224:Geography of the Bonin Islands 464:), a supposed ancestor of the 1: 6938:World Heritage Sites in Japan 6923:Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park 6586:World Heritage Sites in Japan 5484:, London: Constable & Co. 4666:10.1080/03745481.1943.9728010 4316:v2, n1 (June 2008), pp. 176–8 3779:Southern California Quarterly 3673:Yoshida, Reiji (2018-07-12). 3655: 3411:Tokyo Metropolitan Government 2604:Average rainfall mm (inches) 2111:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1821:Köppen climate classification 1810:Köppen climate classification 1796:and have many small beaches. 1697:) which in turn is sometimes 1649:) geographically, the nearby 1557:Hira-jima or Taira-jima (平島, 841:attempts by foreign nations. 828:. Even if it did revisit the 614: 6678:Shrines and Temples of Nikkō 5988:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima 5751:National Archives of Japan: 5627:Japan: Travel and Researches 5592:Kublin, Hyman (March 1953), 5577:Oriental Translation Fund... 5476:Cholmondeley, Lionel Berners 5158:. 2019-01-10. Archived from 5129:. 2017-07-27. Archived from 5044:(11): 21–68. November 1989. 4799:. 2006-12-22. Archived from 4228:"George Herbert Walker Bush" 3660: 1254:), formerly the Parry Group 1218:Geography and administration 1115:of later American President 818:("Rich in Silver"), and the 555:and three remote islands of 484: 7: 3617: 3312:The main port is Futami on 2534:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2394:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2041:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1901:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1554:), formerly Plymouth Island 1509: 1362: 1250: 1202:There are also a number of 1101: 822:("Islands of the Armenian") 770: 730: 705: 677: 322:colonists arrived from the 224:of over 30 subtropical and 10: 6959: 5712:Journal of Pacific History 5438:Beechey, Frederick William 4165:. Arno Press. p. 87. 3568: 3519:'s autobiographical novel 3186: 3143:) and the near-threatened 2827: 2823: 2815: 2344: 2322: 1851: 1799: 1704: 1221: 1182: 609: 444:) literally means "little 279:" and was named a natural 34:UNESCO World Heritage Site 18: 6817: 6796:Itsukushima Shinto Shrine 6778: 6727: 6696: 6663: 6627: 6613: 6592: 6529: 6443: 6406: 6268: 6250: 6239: 6109: 6051: 6004: 5974: 5958: 5936: 5912: 5885: 5848: 5825: 5818: 5807: 5405:Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre 5240:. Duke University Press. 5215:10.1215/00031283-79-4-356 4888:"OgasawaraKaiun Co., Ltd" 4691:10.1007/978-3-642-99454-8 4549:. Accessed 28 July 2020. 3893:Cullen, Louis M. (2003). 3824:Tanaka, Hiroyuki (1993). 3529:In the television series 3485: 3328: 3318: 2983:as the predominant trees. 2768: 2720: 2673: 2603: 2533: 2463: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2275: 2227: 2180: 2110: 2040: 1970: 1900: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1806:humid subtropical climate 1686: 1638: 1320:Kita-no-jima (北の島 or 北島, 1125:executed and cannibalized 1095: 843:Frederick William Beechey 764: 724: 699: 671: 540: 523: 506: 493: 473: 454: 438: 393: 179: 140: 132: 120: 110: 100: 92: 80: 72: 40: 31: 6788:Hiroshima Peace Memorial 6006:This list is incomplete. 5492:Geography of the Pacific 5181:"支庁の案内: 管内概要 (Japanese)" 4398:Retrieved July 06, 2009. 4396:Encyclopædia Britannica. 3418:aircraft to compensate. 3180:Carpodacus ferreorostris 3113: 3097: 2992:Rhaphiolepis integerrima 2943:Rhaphiolepis integerrima 2834: 2330:The easternmost island, 1817:tropical monsoon climate 1729:. This began during the 1611:), formerly Kelly Island 1592:), formerly Perry Island 1502:), formerly Knorr Island 1360:Chichi-jima Group (父島列島 1298:), formerly Kater Island 586:), probably in honor of 385:Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat 363: 6655:Jōmon Prehistoric Sites 6607:Jōmon Prehistoric Sites 6514:Ogasawara Subprefecture 5800:Ogasawara Subprefecture 5456:Chapman, David (2016), 5331:– via Wikisource. 5313:, London: Peter Davies. 5287:"トップ > 学校案内 > 沿革" 5152:"「小笠原に空港整備」測量で都が実現性検討へ" 4702:Chiba, Satoshi (1999). 4449:April 10, 2008, at the 4300:, 7 August 2011, p. 10. 4292:"The far-out Ogasawaras 3846:). No. 50, June, 1993. 3211:R. unicolor boninensis) 3082:Metrosideros boninensis 1483:), formerly Goat Island 933:Bradford, Massachusetts 791:Pedro Moya de Contreras 588:Pedro Moya de Contreras 536:Ogasawara Subprefecture 326:in 1830. Subsequently, 254:Ogasawara Subprefecture 6913:Archipelagoes of Japan 6884:26.99806°N 142.21806°E 6621: 5418:Journal of the Learnèd 4620:Terrestrial Ecoregions 3882:Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu 3873:Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu 3679:The Japan Times Online 3435: 3371:difficult and costly. 3309: 3297: 3268: 3256: 3247: 3242: 3213:, a subspecies of the 3201: 3179: 3169: 3159: 3149: 3139: 3126: 3080: 3076:Mediterranean climates 3070: 3062: 3021:Distylium-Planchonella 2847: 1667:Ogasawara municipality 1507:Haha-jima Group (母島列島 1421:Younger Brother Island 1233: 1071: 1007: 972:Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu 914: 758:Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu 651:, which he charted as 583: 534:) and its coterminous 519:Ogasawara Municipality 421: 377: 164:27.71833°N 142.09972°E 21:Bonin (disambiguation) 6918:Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 6619: 6497:Hachijō Subprefecture 5925:Ogasawara High School 5645:Rüegg, Jonas (2017), 5460:, London: Routledge, 5426:Royal Printing Office 5323:London, Jack (1913). 5291:Ogasawara High School 5236:Long, Daniel (2007). 4622:. World Wildlife Fund 4594:: e.T18752A22085351. 4576:Vincenot, C. (2017). 4547:Encyclopedia of Earth 3471:Ogasawara High School 3429: 3303: 3291: 3240: 3193:Sturdee's pipistrelle 3191:A small extinct bat, 3150:Apalopteron familiare 3121: 2988:Raphiolepis-Livistona 2842: 1785:formed offshore from 1741:volcanic rock called 1711:Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 1606:Younger Sister Island 1231: 1069: 1002: 994:Colony of Peel Island 906: 832:, already charted by 485:fictitiously credited 6480:Miyake Subprefecture 6453:Ōshima Subprefecture 5630:, Psychology Press, 5575:(in French), Paris: 5424:(in French), Paris: 5102:Nihon Keizai Shinbun 4989:on October 27, 2020. 4679:Goldschmidt, Richard 4469:. NASA. 24 June 2015 4216:. December 20, 2003. 3499:Fictional references 3346:coronavirus pandemic 3308:, Ogasawara Village. 3183:) are now extinct. 3135:Japanese wood pigeon 3029:Planchonella obovata 3000:Livistona boninensis 2954:Planchonella obovata 2910:Planchonella obovata 1727:Philippine Sea Plate 1402:Elder Brother Island 1355:), formerly The Ears 966:Two years later the 834:Bernardo de la Torre 641:Bernardo de la Torre 222:Japanese archipelago 216:, also known as the 6933:Ecoregions of Japan 6889:26.99806; 142.21806 6880: / 5944:Chichijima Airfield 5624:Rein, J.J. (1884), 5414:Journal des Savans 4383:, pp. 229–235. 4255:on December 8, 2006 4124:National Geographic 4112:Cholmondeley (1915) 3443:, and adherence to 3322:). It operates the 3219:Richard Goldschmidt 3170:Zoothera terrestris 3025:Distylium lepidotum 3005:Pandanus boninensis 2981:Syzygium buxifolium 2937:Distylium lepidotum 2904:Pisonia umbellifera 2674:Average rainy days 2464:Daily mean °C (°F) 2181:Average rainy days 1971:Daily mean °C (°F) 1725:slides beneath the 1661:(Parece Vela), and 1587:Elder Sister Island 1189:subsistence farming 1177:World Heritage Site 1049:Lionel Cholmondeley 687:uninhabited islands 635:Early modern period 584:Islas del Arzobispo 389:his source material 285:early modern period 281:World Heritage Site 169:27.71833; 142.09972 160: / 28: 6622: 6408:Nishitama District 5982:Battle of Iwo Jima 5522:, pp. 415–421 5375:Anime News Network 4580:Pteropus pselaphon 4413:Japan Encyclopedia 4325:Trumbull, Robert. 3835:2007-12-25 at the 3436: 3381:Self-Defense Force 3310: 3298: 3248: 3202:Pteropus pselaphon 3127: 2949:Schima mertensiana 2848: 1657:(Rosario Island), 1234: 1144:United States Navy 1133:Battle of Iwo Jima 1072: 1016:Tokugawa shogunate 1008: 990:United States Navy 955:; Carl Johnsen of 814:("Rich in Gold"), 746:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 732:Ogasawara Sadayori 719:Ogasawara Sadayori 629:Micronesian people 576:Archbishop Islands 450:Ogasawara Sadayori 379:Journal des Savans 262:Self-Defense Force 106:Natural: (ix) 73:Official name 26: 6863: 6862: 6792: 6688:Tomioka Silk Mill 6683:Ogasawara Islands 6552: 6551: 6439: 6438: 6011: 6010: 5996:Village of Iōjima 5908: 5907: 5893:Minami-Tori-shima 5827:Ogasawara Islands 5746:Ogasawara Channel 5734:Ogasawara Village 5520:The Mission Field 5247:978-0-8223-6671-3 5009:(10 (262)): 6–7. 5003:Gijutsu to Ningen 4467:Earth Observatory 4172:978-0-405-00772-9 3840:Kaiji Shi Kenkyuu 3546:In the 1963 film 3481:Elementary School 3362:from Chichijima. 3243:Mandarina suenoae 3129:The range of the 2820: 2819: 2723:relative humidity 2327: 2326: 2230:relative humidity 1549:Island Over There 1448:Higashi-jima (東島 1440:Grandchild Island 1363:Chichi-jima Rettō 1312:Matchmaker Island 1274:Bridegroom Island 1179:on 24 June 2011. 1140:Japan's surrender 1117:George H. W. Bush 1010:In January 1862 ( 961:Kingdom of Hawaii 897:was removed from 820:Islas del Armenio 784:Ogasawara Islands 685:, literally "the 324:Kingdom of Hawaii 310:captain in 1827. 218:Ogasawara Islands 210: 209: 76:Ogasawara Islands 6950: 6928:Islands of Tokyo 6895: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6840: 6809: 6790: 6719: 6650: 6642:Shirakami-Sanchi 6579: 6572: 6565: 6556: 6555: 6248: 6247: 6045:Tokyo Metropolis 6038: 6031: 6024: 6015: 6014: 5823: 5822: 5795:Ogasawara, Tokyo 5788: 5781: 5774: 5765: 5764: 5722: 5701: 5695: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5675: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5640: 5619: 5598: 5587: 5557:Klaproth, Julius 5551: 5523: 5513: 5485: 5470: 5451: 5432: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5361: 5355: 5350: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5320: 5314: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5033: 5027: 5026: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4979: 4968: 4967: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4845:. Archived from 4839: 4833: 4832: 4821: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4772: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4723: 4699: 4693: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4573: 4567: 4560:"Bonin Islands" 4558: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4533: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4507:"気象庁｜過去の気象データ検索" 4503: 4497: 4496: 4489:"気象庁｜過去の気象データ検索" 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4459: 4453: 4441: 4432: 4405: 4399: 4393:"Bonin Islands," 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4342: 4333: 4323: 4317: 4307: 4301: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4251:. Archived from 4242: 4236: 4235: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4058: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3975: 3965: 3959: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3914: 3908: 3891: 3885: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3847: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3774: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3725:American History 3716: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3670: 3634: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3607: 3591: 3579: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3331: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3271: 3261: 3245: 3204: 3197:Bonin flying fox 3182: 3172: 3162: 3152: 3142: 3140:Columba janthina 3085: 3073: 3067: 2970:Distylium-Schima 2677: 2342: 2341: 2184: 1849: 1848: 1689: 1688: 1641: 1640: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595:Imōto-jima (妹島, 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1512: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486:Minami-jima (南島 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410:Otōto-jima (弟島, 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1365: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1253: 1248: 1247: 1106: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1057:Russian Futurist 986:Matthew C. Perry 929:Nathaniel Savory 903: 826:Pedro de Unamuno 777: 775: 767: 766: 739: 738: 735: 727: 726: 712: 710: 707:Ogasawara Sadatō 702: 701: 694:Ogasawara Sadatō 684: 682: 674: 673: 549:Ogasawara-shichō 546: 545: 529: 528: 512: 511: 499: 498: 482: 481: 469:Ogasawara Sadatō 463: 462: 443: 442: 424: 398: 397: 382: 334:continued up to 226:tropical islands 195: 194: 188: 175: 174: 172: 171: 170: 165: 161: 158: 157: 156: 153: 45: 35: 29: 25: 6958: 6957: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6898: 6897: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6859: 6838: 6813: 6807: 6774: 6723: 6717: 6692: 6659: 6648: 6623: 6611: 6588: 6583: 6553: 6548: 6525: 6435: 6402: 6373:Musashimurayama 6313:Higashimurayama 6264: 6242: 6235: 6112: 6105: 6047: 6042: 6012: 6007: 6000: 5970: 5966:Mount Suribachi 5954: 5932: 5920:Tokyo Metro BOE 5904: 5881: 5850:Volcano Islands 5844: 5814: 5803: 5797: 5792: 5730: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5681: 5673: 5660: 5658: 5638: 5609:10.2307/2561081 5596: 5529:Hayashi, Shihei 5503: 5468: 5400: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5362: 5358: 5353:Matango – 00:17 5351: 5347: 5340: 5336: 5329:John Barleycorn 5321: 5317: 5308: 5304: 5295: 5293: 5289:(in Japanese). 5285: 5284: 5280: 5271: 5269: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5234: 5230: 5203:American Speech 5199: 5195: 5186: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5165: 5163: 5156:Yomiuri Shimbun 5150: 5149: 5145: 5136: 5134: 5121: 5120: 5116: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5082: 5080: 5069: 5065: 5040:(in Japanese). 5035: 5034: 5030: 5005:(in Japanese). 4998: 4994: 4981: 4980: 4971: 4956: 4952: 4937: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4899: 4895: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4852: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4823: 4822: 4815: 4806: 4804: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4749: 4745: 4700: 4696: 4677: 4673: 4660:(63): 191–196. 4650:Rusa boninensis 4638: 4634: 4625: 4623: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4574: 4570: 4559: 4555: 4544: 4537: 4530:The Japan Times 4522: 4518: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4451:Wayback Machine 4442: 4435: 4406: 4402: 4391: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4336: 4332:March 11, 1956. 4330:New York Times. 4324: 4320: 4308: 4304: 4290:Nicol, C. W., " 4289: 4285: 4274: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4186: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4157:Société Anonyme 4154: 4150: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4076:Klaproth (1832) 4074: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4052: 4048: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3978: 3966: 3962: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3915: 3911: 3892: 3888: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3850: 3837:Wayback Machine 3823: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3798:小笠原・火山(硫黄)列島の歴史 3795: 3794: 3790: 3775: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3717: 3700: 3691: 3689: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3650:María de Lajara 3630: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3613: 3608: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3580: 3571: 3537:Minami Iwo Jima 3522:John Barleycorn 3515:Chapter XVI of 3509:Robert Standish 3501: 3482: 3424: 3377: 3368: 3286: 3284:Water transport 3281: 3235: 3189: 3145:Bonin white-eye 3116: 3100: 2898:photiniaefolius 2837: 2832: 2826: 2821: 2675: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2332:Minamitorishima 2328: 2182: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1802: 1783:volcanic island 1771:dormant volcano 1755:silicon dioxide 1747:magnesium oxide 1721:zone where the 1715:Pacific islands 1707: 1663:Minamitorishima 1651:Volcano Islands 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1538:Mukō-jima (向島, 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1510:Haha-jima Rettō 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467:Nishi-jima (西島 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1333: 1331:Northern Island 1330: 1327: 1324: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1282:Yome-jima (嫁島, 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1251:Muko-jima Rettō 1241:Muko-jima Group 1226: 1220: 1185: 1173: 1092: 1086: 1046: 945:Austrian Empire 901: 851: 761: 736: 721: 696: 668: 637: 617: 612: 561:Minamitorishima 553:Volcano Islands 515:Ogasawara-shotō 502:Ogasawara-guntō 366: 258:Volcano Islands 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 198: 197: 196: 168: 166: 162: 159: 154: 151: 149: 147: 146: 68: 61:Volcano Islands 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6956: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6834: 6829: 6823: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6791:(Genbaku Dome) 6784: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6713: 6708: 6702: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6559: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6449: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6412: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6245: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6117: 6115: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6101:Transportation 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6018: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5937:Transportation 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5899:Okinotorishima 5896: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5873: 5870:South Iwo Jima 5867: 5861: 5858:North Iwo Jima 5854: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5831: 5829: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5791: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5729: 5728:External links 5726: 5725: 5724: 5703: 5666: 5651:Cross-Currents 5642: 5636: 5621: 5589: 5553: 5525: 5515: 5501: 5486: 5472: 5467:978-2015049366 5466: 5453: 5434: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5356: 5345: 5334: 5315: 5311:Bonin: A Novel 5302: 5278: 5253: 5246: 5228: 5209:(4): 356–367. 5193: 5172: 5143: 5114: 5089: 5063: 5028: 4992: 4969: 4950: 4931: 4912: 4893: 4879: 4859: 4834: 4827:Ogasawara Maru 4813: 4784: 4763:(1): 123–141. 4743: 4714:(2): 460–471. 4694: 4671: 4646:Rusa nigricans 4632: 4607: 4568: 4553: 4535: 4516: 4498: 4480: 4454: 4433: 4425:"Kantō" p. 479 4400: 4385: 4381:Freeman (1951) 4373: 4362: 4334: 4318: 4302: 4283: 4266: 4237: 4219: 4199: 4184: 4171: 4148: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4078:, p. 256. 4068: 4066:Coppock, p. 61 4059: 4046: 4019: 4015:Beechey (1831) 4007: 3995: 3991:Chapman (2016) 3976: 3960: 3952:Beechey (1831) 3944: 3932: 3909: 3886: 3863: 3848: 3817: 3805: 3788: 3766: 3754: 3752:, p. 390. 3750:Rémusat (1817) 3742: 3730: 3698: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3593: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3500: 3497: 3479:Arthur Radford 3473:. In the post- 3423: 3420: 3390:ShinMaywa US-1 3376: 3373: 3367: 3366:Road transport 3364: 3338:Takeshiba Pier 3324:Ogasawara Maru 3294:Ogasawara Maru 3285: 3282: 3280: 3279:Transportation 3277: 3234: 3231: 3188: 3185: 3175:Bonin grosbeak 3115: 3112: 3099: 3096: 3071:C. savoryianum 3058: 3057: 3017: 3016: 3015: 2984: 2918: 2836: 2833: 2828:Main article: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2771:sunshine hours 2766: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2340: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2278:sunshine hours 2273: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1801: 1798: 1779:South Iwo Jima 1706: 1703: 1659:Okinotorishima 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1614:Mei-jima (姪島, 1612: 1593: 1576:Ane-jima (姉島, 1574: 1555: 1536: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1484: 1465: 1446: 1429:Mago-jima (孫島 1427: 1408: 1391:Ani-jima (兄島, 1389: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1339:Mae-jima (前島, 1337: 1318: 1299: 1280: 1222:Main article: 1219: 1216: 1184: 1181: 1172: 1169: 1152:White American 1113:torpedo bomber 1084: 1045: 1042: 864:Coffin Islands 850: 847: 780:Hayashi Shihei 753:Isaac Titsingh 636: 633: 621:North Iwo Jima 616: 613: 611: 608: 565:Okinotorishima 551:)—namely, the 532:Ogasawara-mura 365: 362: 344:Japan's defeat 220:(小笠原諸島), is a 208: 207: 200: 199: 190: 189: 183: 182: 181: 180: 177: 176: 144: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 104: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 84: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 46: 38: 37: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6955: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6908:Bonin Islands 6906: 6905: 6903: 6896: 6893: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6742:Himeji Castle 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6620:Flag of Japan 6618: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6568: 6566: 6561: 6560: 6557: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6528: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6318:Higashiyamato 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6308:Higashikurume 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6111:Special Wards 6108: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6076:Neighborhoods 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6003: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5950: 5949:Central Field 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5877: 5874: 5872:(Minami-Iōtō) 5871: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5811:Nanpō Islands 5806: 5801: 5796: 5789: 5784: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5766: 5760: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5693: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5657:on 2018-11-24 5656: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5639: 5637:9780700710164 5633: 5629: 5628: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5502:9780598436061 5498: 5494: 5493: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5407:(July 1817), 5406: 5402: 5401: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5360: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5319: 5312: 5306: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5268:on 2020-02-15 5267: 5263: 5262:"Chichi-jima" 5257: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5182: 5176: 5162:on 2019-07-24 5161: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5133:on 2017-10-13 5132: 5128: 5127:Asahi Shimbun 5124: 5118: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5079:on 2013-01-16 5078: 5074: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4889: 4883: 4869: 4863: 4849:on 2007-09-26 4848: 4844: 4838: 4830: 4828: 4820: 4818: 4803:on 2007-08-26 4802: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4636: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4542: 4540: 4531: 4527: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4415:, pp. 981–982 4411: 4410: 4404: 4397: 4394: 4389: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4366: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4280: 4270: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4138: 4132: 4125: 4120: 4113: 4108: 4101: 4096: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4072: 4063: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3993:, p. 27. 3992: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3940:Kublin (1953) 3936: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3904:, p. 137, at 3903: 3902: 3897: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3821: 3814: 3813:Welsch (2004) 3809: 3801:(in Japanese) 3800: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3771: 3764:, p. 36. 3763: 3762:Kublin (1953) 3758: 3751: 3746: 3740:, p. 35. 3739: 3738:Kublin (1953) 3734: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3665: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3622: 3612: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3573: 3572: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3544: 3542: 3541:SDF-1 Macross 3538: 3534: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3480: 3477:era, Admiral 3476: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3460:Bonin English 3457: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3433: 3428: 3419: 3417: 3412: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3375:Air transport 3372: 3363: 3361: 3360:Hahajima Maru 3356: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3332:), an 11,035- 3325: 3315: 3307: 3304:Futami Port, 3302: 3295: 3290: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3244: 3239: 3233:Invertebrates 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3160:C. versicolor 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3120: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3092:New Caledonia 3089: 3084: 3083: 3077: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2831: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769:Mean monthly 2767: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2672: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276:Mean monthly 2274: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2179: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1844: 1843:Siberian High 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723:Pacific Plate 1720: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1683: 1679: 1678:subprefecture 1675: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1613: 1594: 1575: 1556: 1537: 1530:Mother Island 1518: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1506: 1485: 1466: 1447: 1428: 1409: 1390: 1383:Father Island 1371: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1359: 1338: 1319: 1300: 1281: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1230: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1180: 1178: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1103: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1077: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1061:David Burliuk 1058: 1052: 1050: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1034:Home Ministry 1031: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 975: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 925: 923: 919: 913: 911: 905: 900: 896: 892: 891: 884: 882: 881: 876: 871: 869: 868:Beechey Group 865: 861: 860: 856: 846: 844: 840: 835: 831: 830:Daitō Islands 827: 823: 821: 817: 816:Rica de Plata 813: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 774: 773: 760: 759: 754: 749: 747: 743: 734: 733: 720: 716: 709: 708: 695: 690: 688: 681: 680: 666: 665: 660: 659: 654: 650: 646: 642: 632: 630: 626: 622: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 570: 569:Nanpō Islands 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 544: 537: 533: 527: 520: 516: 510: 503: 497: 490: 486: 480: 477: 470: 467: 461: 458: 451: 447: 441: 435: 430: 428: 423: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 401:desert island 396: 390: 386: 381: 380: 375: 371: 361: 359: 357: 356:Bonin English 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 214:Bonin Islands 187: 178: 173: 145: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 113: 109: 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 88: 85: 83: 79: 75: 71: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 44: 39: 36: 30: 27:Bonin Islands 22: 6865: 6682: 6445:Insular Area 6056:Architecture 5986: 5927:(Chichijima) 5876:Nishinoshima 5711: 5682:, retrieved 5677: 5659:, retrieved 5655:the original 5650: 5626: 5600: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5540: 5536: 5535:三國通覽圖說 [ 5533: 5519: 5491: 5480: 5457: 5446: 5442: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5398:Bibliography 5384:. Retrieved 5373: 5367: 5359: 5348: 5337: 5328: 5318: 5310: 5305: 5294:. Retrieved 5281: 5270:. Retrieved 5266:the original 5256: 5237: 5231: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5185:. Retrieved 5183:. 2021-04-01 5175: 5164:. Retrieved 5160:the original 5146: 5135:. Retrieved 5131:the original 5117: 5106:. Retrieved 5104:. 2016-06-26 5092: 5081:. Retrieved 5077:the original 5066: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5006: 5002: 4995: 4987:the original 4963: 4959: 4953: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4882: 4871:. Retrieved 4862: 4851:. Retrieved 4847:the original 4837: 4826: 4805:. Retrieved 4801:the original 4796: 4787: 4760: 4756: 4746: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4682: 4674: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4624:. Retrieved 4619: 4610: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4571: 4561: 4556: 4546: 4529: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4466: 4457: 4430:Google Books 4423: 4420:Google Books 4414: 4408: 4403: 4395: 4388: 4376: 4365: 4353:. Retrieved 4329: 4321: 4313: 4305: 4295: 4286: 4269: 4259:December 18, 4257:. Retrieved 4253:the original 4246: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4211: 4202: 4195:Welch (2002) 4176:. Retrieved 4161: 4151: 4140:. Retrieved 4131: 4123: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4062: 4054: 4049: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3963: 3947: 3935: 3929:Google Books 3927:, p. 24, at 3923: 3917: 3912: 3906:Google Books 3900: 3894: 3889: 3881: 3876:; alternate 3872: 3866: 3859:Rüegg (2017) 3843: 3839: 3827: 3820: 3808: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3778: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3724: 3690:. Retrieved 3678: 3668: 3632:Tokyo portal 3560: 3554: 3547: 3545: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3475:World War II 3464: 3449: 3445:Christianity 3437: 3407: 3403: 3388: 3378: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3350: 3323: 3311: 3293: 3272: 3269:Architeuthis 3249: 3225:pair of the 3210: 3190: 3165:Bonin thrush 3155:Bonin pigeon 3131:Bonin petrel 3128: 3124:Bonin petrel 3101: 3059: 3048: 3041: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2969: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2921: 2917:before 1945. 2908: 2902: 2893: 2884: 2874: 2863:biodiversity 2849: 2335: 2329: 1839:Aleutian Low 1834: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1812: 1803: 1791: 1787:Nishinoshima 1764: 1735:Bonin Trench 1708: 1693: 1691: 1672: 1670: 1655:Nishinoshima 1645: 1643: 1635: 1625:Niece Island 1497:South Island 1350:Front Island 1293:Bride Island 1235: 1201: 1193:scuba diving 1186: 1174: 1171:21st century 1137: 1085:World War II 1080:Pearl Harbor 1076:Shōwa period 1073: 1053: 1047: 1044:20th century 1027: 1019: 1009: 1005:Shōwa period 983: 978: 976: 971: 965: 926: 921: 915: 909: 907: 898: 895:copper plate 889: 885: 879: 874: 872: 867: 863: 858: 852: 849:19th century 839:colonization 819: 815: 811: 788: 771: 756: 750: 740:, in 1593, ( 731: 706: 691: 678: 662: 656: 652: 644: 638: 618: 575: 573: 557:Nishinoshima 548: 531: 514: 501: 433: 431: 412: 408: 369: 367: 360: 342:. Following 336:World War II 301:isolationist 289:Micronesians 270: 217: 213: 211: 6887: / 6875:142°13′05″E 6243:(Tama area) 5860:(Kita-Iōtō) 5809:Within the 5759:maps/photos 5428:, pp. 4444:coral reefs 4346:Japan Times 4297:Japan Times 4088:King (1898) 3970:, pp. 3968:Rein (1884) 3954:, pp. 3596:Chichi-jima 3517:Jack London 3458:, known as 3306:Chichi-jima 3264:giant squid 3223:taxidermied 3215:sambar deer 3064:Clinostigma 3053:parvifolium 3050:Pittosporum 2927:Raphiolepis 2915:agriculture 2895:Elaeocarpus 2876:Elaeocarpus 2845:Chichi-jima 1794:coral reefs 1775:hot springs 1568:Flat Island 1478:West Island 1459:East Island 1370:Chichi-jima 1257:Muko-jima ( 1160:Micronesian 1121:USS Finback 1109:cannibalism 1102:Matoba Sueo 1090:Sueo Matoba 1038:Jack London 1030:Hachijojima 1021:Kanrin Maru 918:Robert Peel 837:discourage 812:Rica de Oro 422:Bo-nin Sima 328:Meiji Japan 167: / 142:Coordinates 124:2011 (35th 121:Inscription 63:(including 6902:Categories 6872:26°59′53″N 6490:Mikurajima 6383:Nishitokyo 6156:Katsushika 5951:(Iwo Jima) 5835:Chichijima 5748:(Japanese) 5736:(Japanese) 5684:2022-12-04 5661:2018-11-24 5296:2024-03-21 5272:2007-10-30 5187:2022-06-16 5166:2019-07-24 5137:2017-10-12 5108:2017-10-12 5083:2008-01-17 4873:2007-08-24 4853:2007-08-24 4807:2007-09-06 4626:2008-01-17 4178:2013-05-20 4142:2007-09-05 4035:(4): 211. 3870:WorldCat, 3692:2019-09-25 3656:References 3486:ラドフォード提督学校 3314:Chichijima 3246:on Anijima 3227:Chichijima 3207:endangered 3019:Type III: 2986:Type IIb: 2977:boninensis 2968:Type IIa: 2962:buxifolium 2676:(≥ 0.5 mm) 2183:(≥ 0.5 mm) 1745:, rich in 1719:subduction 1692:Ogasawara- 1671:Ogasawara- 1644:Ogasawara- 1204:government 1197:ecotourism 1164:Polynesian 1138:Following 984:Commodore 957:Copenhagen 908:"HBM Ship 795:archbishop 625:Chichijima 615:Prehistory 592:archbishop 446:hat-shaped 409:buninshima 405:characters 242:Chichijima 155:142°5′59″E 49:Chichijima 6845:Yakushima 6602:Shiretoko 6519:Ogasawara 6507:Aogashima 6473:Kōzushima 6393:Tachikawa 6378:Musashino 6358:Kunitachi 6348:Kokubunji 6252:Core city 6206:Shinagawa 6066:Festivals 6061:Education 5959:Landmarks 5913:Education 5370:- Review" 5223:145388563 5058:551698617 5050:0577-9308 5023:835524887 5015:0285-5186 4825:"おがさわら丸 ( 4779:1543-592X 4730:1558-5646 4708:Evolution 4683:Neu-Japan 4511:jma.go.jp 4493:jma.go.jp 4279:help page 3901:, p. 137. 3785:(3): 229. 3687:0447-5763 3661:Citations 3611:Haha-jima 3582:Muko-jima 3555:The 2017 3469:operates 3432:clergyman 3416:tiltrotor 3319:小笠原海運株式会社 3258:Mandarina 3045:kawakamii 3043:Symplocos 2923:Distylium 2920:Type II: 2889:sieboldii 2855:ecoregion 1759:ophiolite 1739:andesitic 1517:Haha-jima 1129:Tachibana 941:Dubrovnik 888:HMS 807:New Spain 692:In 1727, 679:Buninjima 649:Haha-jima 604:New Spain 434:Ogasawara 432:The name 368:The name 348:U.S. Navy 273:Galápagos 232:) SSE of 152:27°43′6″N 111:Reference 6761:Furuichi 6594:Hokkaido 6544:Category 6463:To-shima 6431:Hinohara 6283:Akishima 6260:Hachiōji 6216:Suginami 6211:Shinjuku 6196:Setagaya 6151:Itabashi 6113:of Tokyo 6081:Politics 5864:Iwo Jima 5840:Hahajima 5720:25169675 5692:citation 5559:(1832), 5549:44014900 5531:(1785), 5478:(1915), 5440:(1831), 5380:Archived 4797:Fox News 4738:28565404 4681:(1927). 4447:Archived 4159:(1972). 4041:20702990 3924:, p. 24. 3833:Archived 3618:See also 3441:katakana 3385:Iwo Jima 3383:post on 3221:saw the 3037:okabeana 3012:nakaiana 3010:Ochrosia 2996:fan palm 2975:Pandanus 2959:Syzygium 2873:Type I: 2867:endemism 2811:2,821.7 2721:Average 2669:(41.45) 2318:2,030.3 2228:Average 2176:(51.02) 1767:Iwo Jima 1751:chromium 1743:boninite 1156:European 1059:painter 1014:1), the 947:(now in 647:sighted 645:San Juan 489:Japanese 352:Japanese 320:Hawaiian 316:European 312:American 304:Japanese 266:Iwo Jima 264:post on 260:and the 246:Hahajima 102:Criteria 93:Includes 82:Location 65:Iwo Jima 57:Mukojima 53:Hahajima 6780:Chūgoku 6502:Hachijō 6468:Niijima 6426:Okutama 6363:Machida 6343:Koganei 6338:Kodaira 6278:Akiruno 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