291:
Petillius is not because of his role in
Poenius' suicide. Depressed Petillius asks Junius to kill him, but Junius tells him that Suetonius has only put off the promotion to placate Poenius' friends. In fact he has put Petillius in charge of capturing Caratach. Judas plans to trick Caratach by leaving food and drink for him. Caratach and Hengo find the provisions, but when Hengo comes out into the open Judas shoots him. He dies in Caratach's arms. With a single stone-throw, Caratach kills Judas. Petillius and Junius arrive and fight Caratach but he surrenders only when Suetonius appears. Caratach is sent to Rome and Petillius is promoted.
271:, while the Druids make sacrifices and read omens. The daughters also pray for victory. Caratach gives a rousing speech to the troops. In the Roman camp Junius reads the fake love-letter, in which Bonduca's daughter tells him that he has won her love. If he meets her, she will allow herself and her family to be captured, as long as they will be well treated. Junius and his friends decide to trust the daughter's plans. Meanwhile, Suetonius gives his own speech to his troops.
279:
Watching from the hill
Caratach berates Bonduca for launching a mass-attack, as the British superiority in numbers is turned against them, creating a crush between the Romans and the baggage train. Victorious, Suetonius pursues the retreating Britons. Caratach and his young nephew Hengo escape after a fight with Junius.
283:
the other soldiers flee from
Caratach. Petillius goes to meet Poenius, who is depressed. He tells him of Suetonius' forgiveness, but also gives away his own view that Poenius' honour is irretrievable. Poenius says he will kill himself. Petillius agrees. Poenius stabs himself. His friends blame Petillius for his death.
377:" into the existing manuscript. Knight, however, was unable to transcribe the entire play (he had to summarise the first two and a half scenes in Act V), because the set of foul papers from which he worked was itself incomplete – a useful demonstration of the difficulties in textual transmission that plagued
282:
After the battle
Petillius continues to ridicule Junius for his former love-sickness. Suetonius tells Petillius to contact Poenius, who he intends to forgive for failing to join the battle. Caratach and Hengo encounter Judas and other soldiers. In the fight Judas is humiliated by the brave boy, while
278:
Poenius watches as the small Roman army is apparently overwhelmed by the
British forces, but the fog of the battle conceals things. In the midst of the struggle Suetonius and Petillius keep the Romans together. Junius and the others arrive back just as the battle is turning in favour of the Romans.
259:
In
Poenius's camp the troops are keen to join their comrades, but the haughty Poenius refuses to accept orders from Suetonius, considering battle against the much larger Briton force to be suicidal. He refuses to send the troops. Back in Suetonius' camp Petillius and fellow officers make fun of the
286:
Bonduca and her daughters are surrounded in a fortress. Suetonius asks them to surrender, but
Bonduca refuses. The Romans attempt to breach the defences. The younger daughter now pleads with her mother to surrender, but her mother and her sister scorn her. When the wall is breached, Bonduca forces
290:
Caratach and Hengo watch the funeral of
Poenius. Meanwhile, Petillius can't stop thinking about Bonduca's older daughter, and Junius takes the opportunity to play tricks on him in revenge for the ridicule he had received. The Romans make the capture of Caratach a priority. Junius is promoted, but
448:
explores the ways in which the play engages with
Britain's early-seventeenth-century colonial ambitions – in particular the Virginia colony. She also highlights the topical political allegories in the play. Jowitt argues that the play's sympathies are ambiguous. The Britons in part stand for the
274:
Caratach watches the movements of the armies. Poenius also observes from a distance. Junius and the others are brought to
Bonduca's daughters in captivity, having been lured into the trap. Junius is taunted by the younger daughter. Her viciousness cures him of any feelings for her. The daughters
263:
In Bonduca's camp Judas and some Roman soldiers have been captured while foraging for food. The Britons ridicule the half-starved Romans. Bonduca's vengeful daughters are keen to hang the captured men, but Caratach intervenes and orders them to be well fed and sent back to the Roman camp. While
81:, the legendary British opponent of Julius Caesar, is also included. However, most of the action takes place from the Roman point of view, centring on the Roman officers Junius and Petillius, who fall in love with Bonduca's two daughters. Petillius is a fictionalised version of
264:
plying them with food and drink he extracts information from them. Judas reveals Junius' love for Bonduca's younger daughter. She decides she will write a fake love letter to him to capture him. She gives it to Judas, who returns with the others to the Roman camp, drunk.
247:
tries to cheer him up, but to no avail. Junius reveals that his beloved is Bonduca's younger daughter. Soldiers led by corporal Judas enter, complaining that they are starving. Petillius and Junius tell them to remember their duties. The commander
240:, who tells her that the Romans are not easily crushed and that the war will be very different from the tribal conflicts they are familiar with. It will be either total victory or utter defeat. Bonduca accepts Caratach's words of caution.
372:
of the King's Men, probably c. 1630. In a note appended to his transcript, Knight explains that the original prompt-book that supported the stage performances had been lost, and that he had re-copied the author's
452:
Ronald J. Boling and Julie Crawford argue that the nominal hero Caratach is portrayed in a satirical fashion, and that this probably represents contemporary ambivalence about the court of King
441:
Many scholars have argued that Fletcher's sympathies seem to lie more with the Romans than the Britons, though it has also been argued that the play constantly parallels the two sides.
236:, gloats over the defeats suffered by the Romans at the hands of her forces. She predicts that the Romans will soon be crushed. Bonduca's confidence is challenged by her general
302:
has a two-way relationship of influence or borrowing with other plays before and after it. Arthur Sherbo discovered a range of parallels and commonalities between the play and
449:
Native Americans of the Virginia colony, and are depicted as savage pagans. Nevertheless, the play invites the reader to patriotically identify with their resistance to Rome.
287:
her younger daughter to kill herself. The older daughter gives a grand speech of self-sacrifice, leading Petillius to fall in love with her. She and Bonduca kill themselves.
381:. (The missing scenes are present in the 1647 printed text, though their order, as Knight describes it, is reversed: his V,i comes second and his V,ii comes first.)
630:
752:
275:
intend to kill the Romans, but again Caratach intervenes and insists that honourable adversaries should not resort to such tricks. He frees them.
252:
is informed of the restive state of the troops. He tells his officers that he intends to provoke a decisive battle. An officer is sent to contact
1346:
1114:
553:
33, 3 (Fall 1999): 390–406; Julie Crawford, "Fletcher's The Tragedie of Bonduca and the Anxieties of the Masculine Government of James I,"
623:
429:
to incite the people of Britain to revolt against Spanish conquerors. The speeches supposedly written by Shakespeare are taken from
596:
Dramatists and Their Manuscripts in the Age of Shakespeare, Jonson, Middleton and Heywood: Authorship, authority and the playhouse.
1336:
1366:
1351:
1341:
1000:
358:
616:
1361:
1371:
1326:
603:
The Later Jacobean and Caroline Dramatists: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama.
77:), who is anachronistically depicted as her general, despite having been exiled from Britain almost a decade prior.
745:
1250:
70:; historical accuracy was not Fletcher's primary concern. The play constantly shifts between comedy and tragedy.
40:
25:
1356:
365:
1255:
44:
1245:
1090:
951:
821:
378:
364:
In addition to the 1647 printed text, the play exists in manuscript form. The manuscript was written by
1376:
660:
244:
82:
36:
608:
260:
love-stuck Junius. Petillius bets another officer, Demetrius, that Poenius will refuse to join them.
1179:
979:
972:
853:
249:
1283:
1169:
1007:
916:
401:
1205:
346:
243:
In the Roman camp, one of the officers, Junius, is depressed because he is in love. His friend
310:(c. 1587). In the opposite chronological direction, S. W. Brossman identified borrowings from
1221:
1132:
1066:
1021:
807:
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32:
1159:
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8:
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993:
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67:
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453:
369:
354:
78:
1265:
1213:
1149:
1125:
1035:
902:
828:
587:. "The Shares of Fletcher and His Collaborators in the Beaumont and Fletcher Canon,"
408:
66:
as a "historical romance," rather than a history play comparable to those written by
1292:
1260:
1142:
1073:
793:
690:
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418:
253:
519:(New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994), pp. 85–8; and Jodi Mikalachki,
1197:
881:
772:
413:
350:
330:
400:" and "O lead me to some peaceful gloom". An adaptation of the play was made by
1080:
1028:
710:
695:
342:
1320:
986:
909:
888:
685:
517:
The Plays of Beaumont and Fletcher: Sexual Themes and Dramatic Representation
389:
334:
1043:
715:
675:
392:'s last major work, composed in 1695, was music for an adaptation entitled
267:
In the British camp Bonduca makes an impassioned appeal to the thunder god
59:
28:
895:
374:
315:
705:
638:
338:
584:
472:
237:
74:
534:
Colonialism, Politics, and Romanization in John Fletcher's "Bonduca"
446:
Colonialism, Politics, and Romanization in John Fletcher's "Bonduca"
325:
A list of the cast members survives from the original production of
256:, another Roman commander, to join his army with Suetonius' force.
521:
The Legacy of Boadicea: Gender and Nation in Early Modern England
268:
51:
73:
The principal hero is not Bonduca herself, but rather Caratach (
549:
Ronald J. Boling, "Fletcher's Satire of Caratach in Bonduca,"
233:
55:
511:
Paul Green, "Theme and Structure in Fletcher's Bonduca,"
605:
Lincoln, Nebraska, University of Nebraska Press, 1978.
35:
canon, generally judged by scholars to be the work of
1309:† = Not published in the Beaumont and Fletcher folios
540:, 1500–1900, Spring, 2003, vol. 43, no. 2, p. 475-494
98:, General of the Britons, brother-in-law to Bonduca.
523:(London and New York: Routledge, 1998), pp. 103–5.
475:, Ian Fletcher, Denzell S. Smith; see references.
1318:
62:in 60–61 AD. Critics, however, have classified
753:The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn
624:
515:, 22, 2 (Spring 1982): 305–16; Sandra Clark,
1115:Four Plays, or Moral Representations, in One
50:The play is a dramatisation of the story of
631:
617:
601:Logan, Terence P., and Denzell S. Smith.
396:(Z. 574). Selections include "To Arms", "
116:, General of the Roman Army in Britain.
1319:
329:by the King's Men. The list includes:
43:c. 1613, and published in 1647 in the
612:
1165:with Massinger, Chapman & Jonson
1347:Plays by John Fletcher (playwright)
58:queen who led a revolt against the
13:
1175:with Massinger, Ford & Webster
579:A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964.
14:
1388:
436:
110:, Nephew to Caratach and Bonduca.
45:first Beaumont and Fletcher folio
746:The Knight of the Burning Pestle
394:Bonduca, or the British Heroine
1337:Cultural depictions of Boudica
574:London, Longmans, Green, 1967.
543:
526:
505:
496:
487:
478:
466:
384:
1:
1287:(Shakespeare & Fletcher?)
1062:with Beaumont & Massinger
564:
555:Studies in English Literature
538:Studies in English Literature
513:Studies in English Literature
444:Claire Jowitt in her article
88:
16:Play written by John Fletcher
1367:Plays based on actual events
1352:Plays set in the 1st century
1342:Fiction set in Roman Britain
1256:Beaumont and Fletcher folios
557:39, 2 (Spring 1999): 357–81.
7:
1246:English Renaissance theatre
952:Rule a Wife and Have a Wife
379:English Renaissance theatre
39:alone. It was acted by the
10:
1393:
1362:Plays based on real people
1086:with Massinger & Field
484:Logan and Smith, pp. 35–6.
232:Bonduca, the queen of the
164:, an officer under Poenius
158:, an officer under Poenius
83:Quintus Petillius Cerialis
1372:Plays set in ancient Rome
1327:English Renaissance plays
1307:
1274:
1236:
1189:
1053:
1001:The Custom of the Country
961:
845:
762:
737:
724:
648:
581:Baltimore, Penguin, 1964.
180:Bonduca's second daughter
1209:(Middleton & Rowley)
1180:The Fair Maid of the Inn
1091:The Honest Man's Fortune
980:The Little French Lawyer
854:The Faithful Shepherdess
598:London, Routledge, 2006.
589:Studies in Bibliography,
459:
174:Bonduca's first daughter
1284:The History of Cardenio
1170:Rollo, Duke of Normandy
917:The Humorous Lieutenant
425:writes a play entitled
402:George Colman the Elder
368:, the "book-keeper" or
294:
227:
1206:Wit at Several Weapons
572:Beaumont and Fletcher.
532:Jowitt, Claire (2003)
104:, a British Commander.
1133:The Two Noble Kinsmen
1067:Thierry and Theodoret
641:Beaumont and Fletcher
404:in the 18th century.
398:Britons, Strike Home!
188:, a Roman Lieutenant.
170:, Queen of the Iceni.
33:Beaumont and Fletcher
1357:Plays set in England
1160:The Maid in the Mill
1098:The Queen of Corinth
1008:The Lovers' Progress
938:The Wild Goose Chase
1296:(possibly based on
1105:The Knight of Malta
994:The Double Marriage
924:The Island Princess
836:The Noble Gentleman
681:William Shakespeare
423:William Shakespeare
308:Tamburlaine, Part I
304:Christopher Marlowe
194:, a Roman Corporal.
152:, a Roman commander
146:, a Roman commander
140:, a Roman commander
134:, a Roman commander
128:, a Roman commander
122:, a Roman commander
1015:The Spanish Curate
945:A Wife for a Month
815:A King and No King
808:The Maid's Tragedy
502:Ioppolo, pp. 76–8.
355:William Ecclestone
1377:Tragicomedy plays
1314:
1313:
1266:Humphrey Robinson
1232:
1231:
1214:The Laws of Candy
1150:Wit Without Money
1036:The Elder Brother
903:The Loyal Subject
861:The Woman's Prize
829:The Scornful Lady
822:Love's Pilgrimage
591:VIII-XV, 1956–62.
409:alternate history
1384:
1293:Double Falsehood
1261:Humphrey Moseley
1143:The Night Walker
1120:with Shakespeare
735:
734:
691:Thomas Middleton
668:Philip Massinger
654:Francis Beaumont
633:
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619:
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594:Ioppolo, Grace.
577:Halliday, F. E.
558:
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541:
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493:Halliday, p. 69.
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419:Harry Turtledove
359:Richard Robinson
254:Poenius Postumus
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1198:The Nice Valour
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780:Cupid's Revenge
773:The Woman Hater
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1074:Beggars' Bush
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686:James Shirley
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1138:with Shirley
1131:
1124:
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1103:
1096:
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1072:
1065:
1044:A Very Woman
1042:
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971:
962:Fletcher and
950:
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792:
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771:
765:and Fletcher
751:
744:
731:conjectural)
729:attributions
716:John Webster
676:Nathan Field
666:
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107:
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95:
72:
63:
49:
29:tragi-comedy
20:
19:
18:
1237:Performance
1201:(Middleton)
1155:with Rowley
1081:Love's Cure
931:The Pilgrim
896:The Chances
868:Valentinian
801:The Captain
787:The Coxcomb
385:Adaptations
375:foul papers
316:John Dryden
68:Shakespeare
1332:1613 plays
1321:Categories
1251:King's Men
1126:Henry VIII
1110:with Field
1056:and others
706:Ben Jonson
585:Hoy, Cyrus
565:References
339:John Lowin
89:Characters
41:King's Men
1225:(Shirley)
973:Barnavelt
964:Massinger
794:Philaster
701:John Ford
473:Cyrus Hoy
320:Cleomenes
250:Suetonius
245:Petillius
144:Petillius
132:Demetrius
114:Suetonius
75:Caratacus
1298:Cardenio
1054:Fletcher
846:Fletcher
763:Beaumont
738:Beaumont
427:Boudicca
370:prompter
322:(1692).
238:Caratach
220:Servants
210:Soldiers
96:Caratach
26:Jacobean
1275:Related
875:Bonduca
643:" Canon
454:James I
431:Bonduca
407:In the
327:Bonduca
312:Bonduca
300:Bonduca
269:Taranis
168:Bonduca
156:Regulus
150:Curious
120:Poenius
102:Nennius
79:Nennius
64:Bonduca
52:Boudica
31:in the
21:Bonduca
1217:(Ford)
1190:Others
411:novel
357:, and
216:Guides
204:Druids
198:Herald
162:Drusus
138:Decius
126:Junius
60:Romans
56:Celtic
727:(some
725:Plays
639:The "
551:CompD
460:Notes
234:Iceni
192:Judas
186:Macer
108:Hengo
24:is a
295:Text
228:Plot
417:by
318:'s
314:in
306:'s
1323::
536:,
456:.
433:.
421:,
361:.
353:,
349:,
345:,
341:,
337:,
333:,
218:,
85:.
47:.
1300:)
1290:†
1281:†
1123:†
1041:†
970:†
632:e
625:t
618:v
373:"
222:.
212:.
206:.
200:.
182:.
176:.
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