40:
333:. This division, though rather unjust for Bolesław, was approved by the Church, and after he protested, he was threatened with the excommunication. Despite the fact that he now had his own district, Bolesław did not pursue a foreign policy; this would continue to be the responsibility of his brother. This was revealed during the dispute with Duke
661:; one year later (in 1273), he renewed his homage to Brandenburg and promised his help to the Margraviate against all his enemies, except the Duke of Greater Poland. In the same year was launched another expedition against Brandenburg. Although nominal leadership of the troops was given by Bolesław to his young nephew
645:
and in addition, during this expedition burned several fortresses, included the one newly built in Sulęcin. Both sides made a new agreement and were restored the fortress in Santok (from
Brandenburg) and Drezdenko (from Greater Poland). The latter was captured by Brandenburg in 1270. For this reason,
578:
Despite this success, Ziemomysł continued with his German-Pomeranian politics, which caused a new revolt by his subjects, who called again Bolesław for help: in 1271 he invaded the Duchy of
Inowrocław and forced Ziemomysł to flee. Bolesław retained the Duchy until 1273, when he gave it to Ziemomysł's
628:
However, the expected peace due to this marriage was short-lived. In early 1265 Brandenburg occupied the main city of Santok and broke the previous agreement. Thanks to an immediate diplomatic intervention, Bolesław soon signed a new treaty with
Brandenburg, under which Greater Poland burned the
341:
as a dowry for his daughter
Constance, Casimir I's second wife. This decision was not recognized by Władysław Odonic's sons, but eventually they reconciled and even signed an alliance with the Kuyavian Duke, which effectively ended any attempt to change the ownership of the disputed land.
693:
Bolesław continued the policy of
Przemysł I and maintained in their positions the nobles appointed by him. He also developed good relations with the Church while also trying to influence the appointment of the most important religious posts. His generosity to the clergy, allowed the
385:
The conflict certainly was not trivial, since Bolesław did not regain his freedom until 20 April 1253, thanks to the pressures of the powerful
Greater Poland clergy. The final reconciliation between the brothers occurred in May of that year at a meeting in Pogorzelica near
394:
Bolesław recovered his Duchy of Kalisz-Gniezno. After that the brothers cooperated without problems, but Bolesław was still removed from the foreign policy of
Greater Poland. On 8 May 1254, Bolesław took part in the national Congress of Piast princes at
517:. The war ended in a full victory and Ladzka returned to Greater Poland. The formal treaty was signed on 29 November 1259; however, Casimir I delayed in fulfilled the provisions of the agreement, which led in 1261 to a new military expedition.
270:
Because Bolesław was a minor when Władysław Odonic died on 5 June 1239, his elder brother
Przemysł I ruled alone at first. Historians agree the territory the brothers inherited started out small, but disagree as to whether it extended beyond
723:
In 1273, after the victorious expedition against
Brandenburg, Przemysł II began to claim his own separated Duchy. Unable to face the powerful pressure, Bolesław agreed to this and given his nephew the district of
492:
During 1258-1261 Bolesław was involved in a long and destructive war against
Casimir I of Kuyavia and his ally Swantopolk II for the castellanie of Ladzka. To this end, the Greater Poland Duke allied with
715:). It regulated the judicial authority over the Jewish population, and Jewish credit and trading activity. The comparatively liberal statute served as a basis for Jewish privileges in Poland until 1795.
357:, which had recently been returned to the rule of Władysław Odonic's sons. This new division was apparently made peacefully, because later in that same year the brothers together gave support to
748:, and Bolesław, using the imprisonment of Henry IV in 1277, tried to force financial concessions. Bolesław supported this policy with the marriage of his firstborn daughter Elisabeth with
306:
for the privileges their father had granted shortly before his death. On 24 April 1245 Przemysł I acknowledged Boleslaw's coming of age by knighting him during a solemn Mass in honor of
448:, was born on 14 October of that year, Boleslaw was his guardian until he was declared an adult. The first of Bolesław's new foreign politics was his marriage in 1258 to Princess
313:
The indivisibility of the Duchy was not to Bolesław's liking, and in 1247 he persuaded his brother Przemysł I to provide territory for his sole leadership: the land between the
563:, who became in his father-in-law. This caused a deep dissatisfaction among the local nobility, who called on Bolesław for help. The Duke of Greater Poland quickly took
764:
81:
440:
On 4 June 1257 Przemysł I died, aged only 36. With his brother's death, new horizons opened to Bolesław. He became in the undisputed sole ruler over the whole of
525:
345:
In 1249 Bolesław, dissatisfied with the tutelage of his older brother, persuaded him to make a new division of their patrimony. He received the Duchies of
279:
in northern Poland. In 1241, Przemysł and Boleslaw began reclaiming the lands their father had lost. By 1243 the brothers regained most of the Duchies of
831:, who was crowned King of Poland in 1295 but murdered the following year. With his death the Greater Poland branch of the Piast dynasty became extinct.
641:. The invasion of Międzyrzecz launched by the Margraves of Brandenburg was successfully repulsed by Bolesław, who in December 1269 could advance to
611:. Three years after Przemysł I's death (in 1260), Constance and Conrad were formally married. As a dowry, Brandenburg received the castellany of
702:. Also during his rule the monastery of Poor Clares in Gniezno was started, which remained unfinished even at the time of Przemysł II's death.
681:. The last campaign against Brandenburg during Bolesław's lifetime took in the summer of 1278, when Greater Poland troops advanced to
653:
The war with the House of Ascania wasn't limited to the border areas of Greater Poland. By 1272 Bolesław entered in an alliance with
604:
207:
140:
1129:
633:, and Brandenburg also burned his fortress in Santok. But in 1269 war with Brandenburg erupted again. They built a fortress in
318:
19:
This article is about the Polish duke nicknamed Boleslaus the Pious. For the Bohemian duke nicknamed Boleslaus the Pious, see
468:. For Bolesław, this alliance cost him the devastation of Greater Poland during the winter of 1267-1268 by troops of King
172:
258:
took care properly for the upbringing of his offspring, evidenced by the fact that Bolesław, like his older brother
1114:
494:
404:
251:
744:
was reinforced. Dukes of Greater Poland political path, however, soon spread, as Przemysł II became involved with
805:
728:. To bind Przemysł II with his politics, Bolesław arranged the marriage of his nephew with Ludgarda, daughter of
608:
994:
984:
259:
654:
358:
299:. In 1244, Bolesław supported his brother in a conflict between the local nobility and the clergy led by the
20:
476:. One of the stages of this war was also the trip taken by Bolesław together with Bolesław V the Chaste and
222:, so it's unknown exactly after whom he was named. Very soon Bolesław received the nickname of "the Pious" (
729:
560:
541:
211:
184:
737:
600:
367:
400:
592:
599:; in this, he followed the policy of his brother Przemysł I, who even betrothed his eldest daughter
795:
167:
during 1249–1250, Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz during 1253–1257, Duke of the whole of Greater Poland and
827:
After Bolesław died without male heirs, all of the Greater Poland Duchy passed to his only nephew
420:
813:
529:
1079:
548:
362:
544:) for the next two years, until 1264, when Konrad II obtain his freedom and return to Masovia.
532:
were minors at that time; for this reason, Bolesław became regent of their domains (Duchies of
416:
307:
276:
203:
678:
1119:
958:
506:
469:
412:
391:
255:
199:
130:
784:
453:
1124:
408:
334:
481:
215:
8:
1096:
791:
733:
580:
477:
424:
114:
646:
in the spring of 1271 Bolesław organized a major military expedition against Santok and
300:
465:
338:
242:. In 1264, Bolesław granted the first written privilege to the Jews of Greater Poland.
39:
801:
780:
741:
711:
449:
118:
104:
365:. However, on 19 May 1250 an unexplained event took place, which was related in the
596:
510:
250:
The first years of Bolesław saw him share the fierce dispute of his father against
901:
Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900-c.1300
749:
745:
547:
In 1268 Bolesław interfered again in the Kuyavian affairs. Casimir I's son, Duke
231:
1056:
682:
575:; however, rapid action by Ziemomysł regained temporary control of this lands.
556:
441:
152:
94:
1047:
828:
662:
638:
445:
155:
during 1239–1247 (according to some historians during 1239–1241, sole Duke of
1108:
934:
473:
326:
219:
1086:
591:
From the beginning of his sole rule, Bolesław established contacts with the
552:
303:
192:
665:, the expedition was actually headed by experienced commanders such as the
480:
in the autumn of 1273 in order to visit Władysław of Opole, an ally of the
423:. In September of that year Bolesław participated in an expedition against
853:
650:, ravaging this land terribly, but he could not recover the lost domains.
564:
378:
Przemysł captured his brother Bolesław and took all his lands and castles.
695:
583:, except for Radziejów and Kruszwica, which remained in Greater Poland.
195:
during 1271–1273, and Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz from 1273 until his death.
514:
705:
On 16 August 1264 Bolesław granted the first written privilege to the
634:
674:
670:
630:
572:
568:
521:
498:
188:
1067:
1037:
966:
871:
768:
725:
658:
622:
396:
354:
296:
280:
272:
168:
156:
899:
Berend, Nora; Urbanczyk, Przemyslaw; Wiszewski, Przemyslaw (2013).
89:
537:
407:. Among the princes who participated were his brother Przemysł I,
180:
1033:
1016:
970:
820:
809:
753:
699:
666:
647:
533:
461:
457:
350:
284:
176:
164:
1028:
1001:
804:(b. 1270/75 – d. 10 December 1339), married in January 1293 to
760:
642:
621:
reunited in Greater Poland, which took place on 1 July 1260 in
612:
502:
456:. This union resulted in a permanent bond between Bolesław and
346:
330:
314:
292:
288:
160:
70:
912:. Vol. I: The Origins to 1795. Columbia University Press.
337:
regarding the possession of Ladzka, which was given to him by
616:
387:
322:
223:
615:(but without the important main city) with the consent of a
706:
528:
was taken prisoner. Both Konrad II and his younger brother
520:
On 23 June 1262 Siemowit I was killed at the hands of the
460:, reflected in the assistance given in the conflict with
898:
876:
859:
82:
Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań
783:(b. 1244 – d. 16/17 June aft. 1304), daughter of King
794:(b. 1261/63 – d. September 1304), married in 1273 to
487:
736:. In addition, Ludgarda was a granddaughter of Duke
673:
of Kalisz Janek. They successfully reconquered both
841:
637:, and in response Bolesław did the same thing in
472:during his return from an expedition against the
403:, where they decided to form a coalition against
1106:
765:Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul
427:launched by his brother and Konrad I of Głogów.
310:in Gniezno, celebrated by Archbishop Pełka Liz.
555:, followed a policy of close contacts with the
444:. Although the posthumous son of his brother,
390:, where thanks to the mediation of Pełka, the
254:(his own uncle) for his inheritance. However,
740:, and thanks to this union the alliance with
265:
819:Anna (b. 1276/78 – d. bef. 1300), a nun in
238:), given to him during his lifetime by the
586:
38:
919:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
151:(1224/27 – 14 April 1279) was a Duke of
16:Duke of Greater Poland from 1239 to 1247
399:on the occasion of the canonization of
1107:
916:
907:
882:
860:Berend, Urbanczyk & Wiszewski 2013
847:
910:God's Playground: A History of Poland
774:
669:of Poznań, Przedpełk Łodzia, and the
171:during 1257–1273, in 1261 ruler over
329:River; in short it was the Duchy of
262:, was able to read and write Latin.
218:. His name was very popular in the
210:, who was probably the daughter of
13:
759:Bolesław died on 14 April 1279 in
688:
488:Relations with Masovia and Kuyavia
240:Chronicle of the Chapter of Poznań
14:
1141:
685:and eventually recovered Santok.
435:
430:
405:Swantopolk II, Duke of Pomerania
44:Seal of Bolesław the Pious, 1258
698:to establish a post in 1259 in
865:
245:
1:
903:. Cambridge University Press.
834:
718:
655:Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania
187:during 1262–1264, ruler over
21:Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia
509:, Bolesław V the Chaste and
464:after the extinction of the
212:Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania
7:
1130:Burials at Poznań Cathedral
368:Chronicle of Greater Poland
252:Władysław III Spindleshanks
175:, regent of the Duchies of
10:
1146:
917:Lerski, George J. (1996).
892:
872:Bolesław Pobożny (Kaliski)
806:Władysław I the Elbow-high
593:Margraviate of Brandenburg
524:troops and his eldest son
266:Guardianship of Przemysł I
191:during 1268–1273, Duke of
163:during 1247–1249, Duke of
18:
1093:
1084:
1076:
1065:
1054:
1044:
1025:
1014:
999:
991:
981:
963:
955:
928:
779:In 1258 Bolesław married
198:He was the second son of
136:
126:
110:
100:
88:
76:
57:
49:
37:
30:
796:Henry V, Duke of Legnica
325:River and thence to the
1115:Dukes of Greater Poland
908:Davies, Norman (1982).
709:of Greater Poland (the
587:War against Brandenburg
353:, with the addition of
1057:Duke of Greater Poland
763:and was buried in the
561:Sambor II of Pomerania
308:St. Adalbert of Prague
235:
204:Duke of Greater Poland
738:Barnim I of Pomerania
507:Siemowit I of Masovia
470:Ottokar II of Bohemia
421:Bolesław V the Chaste
413:Siemowit I of Masovia
392:Archbishop of Gniezno
214:, or a member of the
53:between 1224 and 1227
409:Casimir I of Kuyavia
363:Bolesław II the Bald
361:against his brother
335:Casimir I of Kuyavia
1097:Leszek II the Black
930:Bolesław the Pious
734:Lord of Mecklenburg
730:Henry I the Pilgrim
581:Leszek II the Black
478:Leszek II the Black
452:, daughter of King
425:Henry III the White
1087:Duke of Inowrocław
921:. Greenwood Press.
885:, p. 249-250.
862:, p. 482-483.
785:Béla IV of Hungary
775:Marriage and issue
629:fortress built in
607:, son of Margrave
571:and the castle in
466:House of Babenberg
454:Béla IV of Hungary
417:Władysław of Opole
359:Konrad I of Głogów
339:Henry II the Pious
149:Bolesław the Pious
32:Bolesław the Pious
1103:
1102:
1094:Succeeded by
1045:Succeeded by
982:Succeeded by
742:Western Pomerania
712:Statute of Kalisz
482:Přemyslid dynasty
216:Přemyslid dynasty
146:
145:
105:Jolenta of Poland
1137:
1077:Preceded by
992:Preceded by
959:Władysław Odonic
956:Preceded by
951:
944:
926:
925:
922:
913:
904:
886:
880:
874:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
781:Jolenta (Helena)
597:House of Ascania
511:Roman Danylovich
450:Jolenta (Helena)
301:Bishop of Poznań
256:Władysław Odonic
200:Władysław Odonic
131:Władysław Odonic
84:
67:
65:
42:
28:
27:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1090:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1020:
1017:Duke of Gniezno
1009:with Przemysł I
1007:
1005:
997:
987:
978:with Przemysł I
976:
974:
961:
945:
939:
938:
931:
895:
890:
889:
881:
877:
870:
866:
858:
854:
846:
842:
837:
812:and after 1320
777:
750:Henry V the Fat
746:Henry IV Probus
721:
691:
689:Internal policy
595:, ruled by the
589:
490:
438:
433:
321:, north of the
268:
248:
121:
117:
80:
69:
63:
61:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:Duke of Poznań
1063:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1011:
1002:Duke of Kalisz
998:
993:
989:
988:
983:
980:
962:
957:
953:
952:
932:
929:
924:
923:
914:
905:
894:
891:
888:
887:
875:
864:
852:
839:
838:
836:
833:
825:
824:
817:
814:King of Poland
799:
776:
773:
720:
717:
690:
687:
588:
585:
557:Teutonic Order
489:
486:
442:Greater Poland
437:
436:Foreign policy
434:
432:
431:Sole rulership
429:
401:St. Stanislaus
383:
382:
381:
380:
295:, and in 1249
267:
264:
247:
244:
153:Greater Poland
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
95:House of Piast
92:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1142:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:
996:
990:
986:
979:
973:
972:
968:
960:
954:
950:14 April 1279
949:
942:
937:
936:
935:Piast Dynasty
927:
920:
915:
911:
906:
902:
897:
896:
884:
879:
873:
868:
861:
856:
850:, p. 64.
849:
844:
840:
832:
830:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
786:
782:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
716:
714:
713:
708:
703:
701:
697:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
626:
624:
620:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
584:
582:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Wartislaw III
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
389:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
372:
370:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
263:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:Piast dynasty
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:14 April 1279
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1120:1220s births
1085:
1066:
1055:
1026:
1015:
1008:
1000:
977:
964:
947:
940:
933:
918:
909:
900:
878:
867:
855:
843:
826:
787:. They had:
778:
758:
722:
710:
704:
692:
652:
627:
617:
590:
577:
546:
519:
513:, Prince of
491:
439:
384:
377:
366:
344:
312:
269:
249:
239:
227:
206:by his wife
197:
148:
147:
90:Noble family
25:
1125:1279 deaths
1048:Przemysł II
883:Lerski 1996
848:Davies 1982
829:Przemysł II
696:Franciscans
663:Przemysł II
639:Międzyrzecz
530:Bolesław II
446:Przemysł II
246:Early years
159:), Duke of
1109:Categories
1091:1271–1273
1072:1257–1273
1061:1257–1279
1042:1253–1279
1021:1249–1250
995:Przemysł I
985:Przemysł I
835:References
808:, Duke of
752:, Duke of
719:Last years
553:Inowrocław
522:Lithuanian
515:Navahradak
497:, Duke of
317:River and
304:Bogufał II
291:, in 1247
287:, in 1244
260:Przemysł I
193:Inowrocław
64:1279-04-14
1080:Ziemomysł
1006:1244–1249
975:1239–1247
943:1224/1227
792:Elisabeth
683:Myślibórz
675:Drezdenko
671:castellan
631:Drezdenko
601:Constance
573:Bydgoszcz
569:Kruszwica
565:Radziejów
559:and Duke
549:Ziemomysł
526:Konrad II
499:Pomerania
474:Prussians
189:Bydgoszcz
115:Elisabeth
101:Spouse(s)
1027:Duke of
965:Duke of
679:Strzelce
579:brother
1034:Gniezno
971:Gniezno
893:Sources
821:Gniezno
810:Kuyavia
802:Jadwiga
754:Legnica
700:Gniezno
667:voivode
648:Neumark
635:Sulęcin
534:Masovia
462:Bohemia
458:Hungary
351:Gniezno
319:Przemęt
285:Gniezno
236:Pobożny
208:Jadwiga
177:Mazovia
165:Gniezno
141:Jadwiga
119:Jadwiga
1038:Wieluń
1029:Kalisz
967:Poznań
946:
769:Poznań
761:Kalisz
726:Poznań
659:Gdańsk
643:Lubusz
623:Poznań
613:Santok
609:John I
605:Conrad
542:Czersk
503:Demmin
397:Kraków
355:Wieluń
347:Kalisz
331:Kalisz
315:Prosna
297:Wieluń
293:Santok
289:Kalisz
281:Poznań
273:Ujście
232:Polish
185:Czersk
169:Poznań
161:Kalisz
157:Ujście
137:Mother
127:Father
77:Buried
71:Kalisz
948:Died:
941:Born:
603:with
538:Płock
388:Giecz
323:Warta
277:Nakło
224:Latin
181:Płock
111:Issue
1036:and
969:and
707:Jews
677:and
618:wiec
540:and
419:and
349:and
327:Odra
283:and
275:and
228:Pius
183:and
122:Anna
58:Died
50:Born
767:in
551:of
173:Ląd
1111::
771:.
756:.
732:,
625:.
567:,
536:,
505:,
484:.
415:,
411:,
371::
234::
230:,
226::
202:,
179:,
1031:,
823:.
816:.
798:.
657:-
501:-
66:)
62:(
23:.
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