332:, held that the creation of a school district unit of government designed to coincide with the neighborhood boundaries of a religious group constitutes an unconstitutional aid to religion. Souter concluded that "government should not prefer one religion to another, or religion to irreligion": "There is more than a fine line between the voluntary association that leads to a political community comprising people who share a common religious faith, and the forced separation that occurs when the government draws explicit political boundaries on the basis of peoples' faith. In creating the district in question, New York crossed that line."
31:
360:
rather than a religion, and thus did not constitute impermissible aid to a religious group. The majority, Scalia asserted, would "laud this humanitarian legislation if all of the distinctiveness of the students of Kiryas Joel were attributable to the fact that their parents were nonreligious commune
351:
ll its residents also wear unusual dress, have unusual civic customs, and have not much to do with people who are culturally different from them ... On what basis does
Justice Souter conclude that it is the theological distinctiveness rather than the cultural distinctiveness that was the basis for
4454:
369:," and concluded that "creation of a special, one-culture school district for the benefit of those children would pose no problem. The neutrality demanded by the Religion Clauses requires the same indulgence towards cultural characteristics that are accompanied by religious belief."
1186:
4422:
4510:
4177:
1576:
1778:
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4502:
855:
5943:
3226:
6076:
1210:
5529:
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4566:
3234:
1632:
1253:
863:
676:
743:
1296:
1170:
4494:
3432:
3972:
4068:
3924:
1640:
1379:
815:
831:
352:
New York State's decision? The normal assumption would be that it was the latter, since it was not theology but dress, language, and cultural alienation that posed the educational problem for the children.
5836:
3064:
1664:
6044:
4534:
3480:
5828:
4390:
5361:
4677:
4406:
4193:
2433:
4701:
4446:
3400:
2457:
5911:
4661:
4310:
3218:
879:
4414:
4398:
2704:
1838:
652:
4518:
4169:
3448:
3440:
3210:
5996:
5852:
4366:
4334:
4270:
4153:
3531:
3315:
1194:
133:
A New York statute that carved out a school district that followed village lines, which village was almost entirely composed of members of one religious group, was held to violate the
1584:
6149:
2553:
4238:
3368:
383:
5895:
4382:
1814:
847:
719:
5903:
5812:
4558:
3996:
3980:
3833:
3825:
3323:
1103:
5521:
4813:
1528:
4470:
4374:
3908:
3307:
2900:
1226:
5414:
3765:
3331:
895:
5075:
3488:
3392:
3072:
2529:
2191:
1672:
5094:
3604:
3596:
4358:
4185:
3635:
2860:
2026:
767:
5446:
5126:
4733:
4717:
4614:
2892:
1269:
943:
575:
430:
378:
116:
72:
6036:
5927:
5438:
5000:
4896:
4326:
1858:
1111:
807:
5988:
5887:
5663:
5241:
4438:
4278:
3916:
3564:
1867:
1363:
823:
4097:
3964:
3757:
3275:
2497:
1733:
1656:
951:
839:
6068:
5935:
4749:
4669:
3740:
3202:
3120:
591:
516:
287:
3809:
3539:
2868:
1052:
799:
783:
623:
5715:
5470:
4821:
1786:
1218:
5048:
4350:
2976:
644:
5265:
4230:
3504:
2465:
903:
5755:
5671:
5353:
4920:
3696:
3080:
2767:
2577:
308:
ruled on the constitutionality of a school district created with boundaries that matched that of a religious community – in this case, the
5564:
5102:
4955:
4462:
2585:
1680:
1076:
1068:
441:
6129:
4550:
4286:
3659:
3464:
3456:
2521:
2513:
2505:
567:
5257:
5159:
4653:
3580:
3408:
3056:
2417:
2385:
1741:
959:
791:
3112:
2281:
1261:
1127:
507:
6139:
5537:
4805:
4725:
4590:
4430:
3283:
2481:
6134:
5968:
5016:
4741:
4709:
4693:
4201:
3801:
3749:
3728:
3267:
2489:
1912:
1456:
111:, 187 A.D.2d 16, 592 N.Y.S.2d 123 (App. Div., 3d Dept. 1992); affirmed, 81 N.Y.2d 518, 601 N.Y.S.2d 61, 618 N.E.2d 94 (1993);
5572:
4904:
4634:
3948:
3817:
3165:
2449:
1600:
1119:
660:
5919:
4781:
4765:
4028:
3857:
3785:
1931:
1704:
1143:
1084:
5696:
5868:
5617:
5233:
4486:
3384:
3299:
3242:
2712:
1822:
1012:
402:
320:
on behalf of Kiryas Joel, Julie
Mereson on behalf of the State of New York, and Jay Worona on behalf of the respondents.
298:
5486:
4983:
3424:
2663:
1770:
1312:
1202:
668:
35:
6124:
6020:
5249:
4060:
3588:
3416:
2929:
2630:
2441:
2116:
1805:
5820:
5505:
4685:
4478:
3793:
3040:
2545:
1355:
5478:
5067:
4526:
3876:
3704:
2593:
2409:
2321:
1962:
6119:
6092:
5406:
5398:
5329:
5300:
4254:
4129:
4004:
2807:
2159:
2092:
1696:
1624:
988:
684:
86:
4830; 62 U.S.L.W. 4665; 94 Cal. Daily Op. Service 4818; 94 Daily
Journal DAR 8917; 8 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 359
5860:
4837:
4342:
4294:
4137:
4020:
3720:
3627:
2844:
2671:
727:
599:
5739:
5225:
4880:
3048:
2945:
2836:
2799:
2078:
1648:
500:
468:
5980:
5626:
5462:
5422:
3667:
3096:
2992:
2743:
2337:
2264:
2151:
2100:
1592:
1135:
305:
5513:
4853:
4582:
3339:
2876:
2199:
2175:
615:
283:
138:
6144:
6012:
5369:
5217:
5201:
3008:
2561:
2345:
1432:
5723:
5308:
4246:
4222:
3849:
3194:
3173:
2791:
2569:
2353:
2313:
2108:
2083:
2039:
1970:
1917:
1480:
1178:
935:
692:
450:
344:
309:
5430:
5390:
4113:
3347:
2937:
2921:
2884:
2735:
2638:
2244:
2143:
2059:
2018:
1986:
1955:
1472:
1448:
493:
362:
5345:
4797:
3770:
2968:
2273:
2252:
2228:
2034:
1512:
176:
5185:
4947:
4076:
2289:
2002:
1978:
1761:
1616:
434:
313:
120:
64:
54:
Board of
Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District, Petitioner v. Louis Grumet, et al.
4161:
4105:
3988:
3376:
3000:
2984:
2759:
2683:
2401:
2369:
1496:
1420:
1044:
1020:
759:
530:
134:
8:
5634:
5605:
5545:
5040:
4542:
4262:
3956:
3940:
3884:
3136:
3032:
2751:
2305:
2297:
2183:
2054:
1288:
700:
485:
208:
5844:
5774:
5655:
5580:
5337:
5292:
5024:
4971:
4845:
4773:
4318:
3841:
3712:
3024:
2775:
2687:
2614:
2425:
2377:
2361:
2329:
2167:
1994:
1883:
1560:
1544:
1536:
1520:
1331:
1304:
1254:
Valley Forge
Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
1036:
919:
864:
Valley Forge
Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
583:
6052:
5454:
5193:
4829:
4606:
4213:
4040:
3892:
3651:
3616:
3291:
3157:
3104:
3088:
2815:
2537:
2473:
2393:
2236:
2134:
1371:
996:
927:
887:
751:
559:
551:
172:
156:
6028:
5731:
5110:
4992:
4939:
4888:
4872:
4757:
4645:
4455:
Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of
Business and Professional Regulation, Bd. of Accountancy
4121:
3932:
3572:
3258:
3128:
3016:
2783:
2207:
1846:
1830:
1688:
1568:
1504:
1464:
1339:
871:
607:
225:
Souter (parts I, II-B, II-C, III), joined by
Blackmun, Stevens, O'Connor, Ginsburg
67:
6004:
5747:
5273:
5209:
5171:
5032:
4963:
4622:
4145:
4052:
3675:
3512:
3496:
3472:
2724:
2696:
2654:
2622:
2066:
2010:
1749:
1488:
1440:
1395:
1347:
1162:
1028:
1004:
967:
459:
200:
188:
6060:
5134:
5118:
4012:
3900:
3777:
2128:
1725:
1245:
1060:
735:
340:
329:
184:
164:
6113:
2852:
2046:
1875:
233:
Souter (parts II (introduction), II-A), joined by
Blackmun, Stevens, Ginsburg
5793:
5008:
4789:
4598:
4302:
3687:
3643:
2959:
1608:
1552:
317:
196:
6084:
4912:
2219:
477:
5381:
5176:
4375:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public
Utilities Comm'n of California
3308:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
1942:
343:, in his dissent, acknowledged that the residents of this district are
112:
83:
4423:
Peel v. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of Illinois
1839:
Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania
356:
Scalia argued that the Satmar school district aided the Satmars as a
79:
4335:
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
5997:
Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc.
5853:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
3316:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
1947:
427:
Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet
24:
Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet
4391:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. U.S. Olympic Committee
4367:
Zauderer v. Off. of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio
4271:
Virginia State Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council
3211:
Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association
2554:
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression v. Strickland
366:
357:
4511:
Los Angeles Police Department v. United Reporting Publishing Co.
4178:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
1577:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
384:
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court
3441:
Board of Regents of the Univ. of Wisconsin System v. Southworth
3324:
Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc.
103:, 151 Misc. 2d 60, 579 N.Y.S.2d 1004 (Sup. Ct. 1992); affirmed
30:
4559:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
4069:
U.S. Civil Service Comm'n v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers
3997:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
3981:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
3834:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
3826:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
776:
Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty
4503:
Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn., Inc. v. United States
1529:
Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Massachusetts, Inc.
856:
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan
5944:
Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party
4239:
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Comm'n on Human Relations
3227:
International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
2901:
City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC
6077:
BE and K Construction Co. v. National Labor Relations Board
4575:
Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA
4383:
Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico
1227:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano
109:
Grumet v. Bd. of Educ. of the Kiryas Joel Vil. School Dist.
5530:
Denver Area Ed. Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC
4814:
Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett
3332:
National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra
1815:
Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal
1388:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
912:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
896:
Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind
515:
6150:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
1673:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
1104:
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School Dist.
5415:
Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n, Inc. v. Bresler
3523:
5447:
Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.
4567:
Milavetz, Gallop & Milavetz, P.A. v. United States
4359:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
4186:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
4734:
FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee
4718:
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC
4615:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
2893:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
1112:
Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette
576:
County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union
379:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 512
6037:
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
5439:
Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.
3235:
Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes
2027:
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Bd.
1633:
Frazee v. Illinois Department of Employment Security
403:"Transcript of Oral Argument: Kiryas Joel v. Grumet"
3909:
Mt. Healthy City School Dist. Board of Ed. v. Doyle
3605:
USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International II
3565:
Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington
744:
Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen
3965:United States v. National Treasury Employees Union
3758:West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
3636:Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans
3597:USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International I
2498:United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
1657:Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
1297:Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley
6069:Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation
5936:New York State Board of Elections v. Lopez Torres
4897:Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee
4670:Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley
3121:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
2869:Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Crime Victims Board
592:McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union
6111:
3766:Tinker v. Des Moines Ind. Community School Dist.
3540:Minnesota Board for Community Colleges v. Knight
2705:Board of Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus
1211:Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich
624:American Legion v. American Humanist Association
5716:Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath
5471:Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton
4822:American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock
4495:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
4279:Linmark Assoc., Inc. v. Township of Willingboro
3433:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
1787:Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru
1171:Gonzalez v. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila
304:, 512 U.S. 687 (1994), was a case in which the
5049:National Rifle Association of America v. Vullo
4098:Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio
1911:
3505:Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association
904:Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District
501:
5756:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5672:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5354:Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner
4921:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
3925:Smith v. Arkansas State Hwy. Employees Local
3276:West Virginia State Board of Ed. v. Barnette
3081:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
2768:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
1641:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
1380:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
816:Public Funds for Public Schools v. Marburger
5565:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
4956:Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck
4463:Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp.
3917:Givhan v. Western Line Consol. School Dist.
1681:Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
1270:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
944:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
832:Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland
5695:
4287:Carey v. Population Services International
3973:Board of Comm'rs, Wabaunsee Cty. v. Umbehr
3810:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
3660:Houston Community College System v. Wilson
3065:USPS v. Council of Greenburgh Civic Assns.
2506:City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.
2466:American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut
2192:Nat'l Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie
1053:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
645:Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York
568:Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary
508:
494:
6045:Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees
5258:Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia
4654:First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
4535:Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
4327:Consol. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n
3581:National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley
3481:Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Association
3409:Communications Workers of America v. Beck
2418:United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film
2386:United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs
1742:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
1665:Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton
960:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
792:Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist
5158:
5103:Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Union
2282:United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
1419:
1262:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
1128:Good News Club v. Milford Central School
529:
5967:
5837:New York Club Ass'n v. City of New York
5604:
5538:Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC
4806:Nevada Commission on Ethics v. Carrigan
4726:Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC
4678:FEC v. National Right to Work Committee
4591:Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman
4431:City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network
3465:Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n
3284:Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
2522:United States v. American Library Ass'n
2482:United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.
2434:Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad
323:
6112:
5573:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
4742:Republican Party of Minnesota v. White
4710:Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
4702:Eu v. S.F. Cty. Democratic Cent. Comm.
4694:FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life
4447:United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co.
4202:Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement
3802:Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
3750:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
3729:Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb
3697:American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
3401:Chicago Local Teachers Union v. Hudson
3268:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
2578:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Ass'n
2458:Vance v. Universal Amusement Co., Inc.
1457:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
1077:Elk Grove Unif. School Dist. v. Newdow
5966:
5912:Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party
5829:Rotary Int'l v. Rotary Club of Duarte
5694:
5603:
5157:
4662:California Medical Association v. FEC
4311:Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association
3949:Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
3219:Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense Fund
3113:Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc.
2450:Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc.
1910:
1601:Bob Jones University v. United States
1418:
661:Bob Jones University v. United States
528:
489:
421:
347:, but noted of the Satmar community:
249:Stevens, joined by Blackmun, Ginsburg
18:1994 United States Supreme Court case
5920:California Democratic Party v. Jones
5362:Arkansas Writers' Project v. Ragland
4782:FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
4766:Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. FEC
4551:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
3858:Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
3786:Island Trees School District v. Pico
3457:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
2586:FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.
880:School Dist. of Grand Rapids v. Ball
5869:Christian Legal Society v. Martinez
5234:New York Times Co. v. United States
4487:44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
4415:State University of New York v. Fox
4399:Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association
3385:Abood v. Detroit Board of Education
3300:Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins
3243:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
2713:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
1823:Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
1013:Abington School District v. Schempp
653:California v. Grace Brethren Church
299:Kiryas Joel Village School District
273:Scalia, joined by Rehnquist, Thomas
13:
5487:Obsidian Finance Group, LLC v. Cox
4519:United States v. United Foods Inc.
4170:Mine Workers v. Illinois Bar Assn.
3532:Steele v. Louisville & N.R. Co
3449:United States v. United Foods Inc.
2664:Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
1771:NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago
1313:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
1203:Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church
669:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
6161:
6130:United States Supreme Court cases
6021:United Mine Workers v. Pennington
4905:McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n
4407:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
4194:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
4154:Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia Bar
4061:United Public Workers v. Mitchell
4029:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
3589:Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez
3417:Keller v. State Bar of California
3057:Org. for a Better Austin v. Keefe
2930:Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.
2631:Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
2442:Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville
2117:Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus
1705:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1195:Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
1187:Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
1144:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1085:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1069:Santa Fe Ind. School Dist. v. Doe
677:Corp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos
437:687 (1994) is available from:
415:
5821:Roberts v. United States Jaycees
5506:Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
4686:FEC v. National Conservative PAC
4479:Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc.
3818:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
3794:Bethel School District v. Fraser
3166:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
3041:Carroll v. Town of Princess Anne
1734:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
1120:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
952:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
29:
5479:Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.
5068:NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
5017:Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach
4527:Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly
4231:Rowan v. U.S. Post Office Dept.
3877:Pickering v. Board of Education
3705:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3425:Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n
2594:Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton
2410:Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
2322:MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day
1963:Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
6140:1994 in United States case law
6093:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
5407:Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
5399:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
5330:Grosjean v. American Press Co.
5301:Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
5250:Nebraska Press Ass'n v. Stuart
4255:Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar
4130:Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
4005:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
3369:Ry. Emps. Department v. Hanson
2160:Terminiello v. City of Chicago
2093:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
1798:Statutory religious exemptions
1697:Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
989:McCollum v. Board of Education
685:Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock
395:
101:Grumet v. New York Educ. Dept.
1:
6135:Establishment Clause case law
5896:Democratic Party v. Wisconsin
5861:Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
5813:Hishon v. King & Spalding
4838:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
4343:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
4295:Bates v. State Bar of Arizona
4138:Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown
4021:Heffernan v. City of Paterson
3721:Keyishian v. Board of Regents
3628:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
2845:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
2672:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
1356:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
848:New York v. Cathedral Academy
728:Everson v. Board of Education
720:Cochran v. Board of Education
600:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
517:United States First Amendment
389:
5904:Tashjian v. Republican Party
5740:Bates v. City of Little Rock
5646:Protection from prosecution
5226:Lamont v. Postmaster General
4881:Bates v. City of Little Rock
3049:Coates v. City of Cincinnati
2946:Packingham v. North Carolina
2837:Lamont v. Postmaster General
1649:Employment Division v. Smith
328:The court, in an opinion by
7:
5981:United States v. Cruikshank
5627:United States v. Cruikshank
5522:FCC v. WNCN Listeners Guild
5463:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
5423:Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
3668:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
3097:Ward v. Rock Against Racism
2993:Martin v. City of Struthers
2808:City of Erie v. Pap's A. M.
2338:Quantity of Books v. Kansas
2152:Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
2101:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
1625:O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
1136:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
372:
306:United States Supreme Court
10:
6166:
5514:FCC v. Pacifica Foundation
4854:FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate
4583:Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc.
4471:Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co.
3340:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
2877:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
2200:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
2176:Gregory v. City of Chicago
616:Town of Greece v. Galloway
478:Oyez (oral argument audio)
335:
139:United States Constitution
6013:Edwards v. South Carolina
5975:
5962:
5879:
5804:
5785:
5766:
5707:
5703:
5690:
5645:
5616:
5612:
5599:
5556:
5497:
5380:
5370:Cohen v. Cowles Media Co.
5319:
5284:
5218:Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc.
5202:Lovell v. City of Griffin
5170:
5166:
5153:
5086:
5059:
4982:
4931:
4864:
4633:
4212:
4087:
4039:
3868:
3739:
3686:
3615:
3554:
3358:
3257:
3184:
3147:
3009:Edwards v. South Carolina
2956:
2911:
2826:
2723:
2682:
2653:
2604:
2562:United States v. Kilbride
2546:United States v. Williams
2346:Ginzburg v. United States
2263:
2218:
2127:
2077:
1941:
1930:
1926:
1906:
1857:
1804:
1797:
1760:
1715:
1433:Reynolds v. United States
1427:
1414:
1323:
1280:
1237:
1154:
1095:
978:
711:
634:
541:
537:
524:
316:. The case was argued by
282:
277:
269:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
216:
150:
145:
132:
127:
96:
91:
59:
49:
42:
28:
23:
6125:Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)
5724:Watkins v. United States
5309:Florida Star v. B. J. F.
4247:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
4223:Valentine v. Chrestensen
3850:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
3524:Compelled representation
3489:Knox v. SEIU, Local 1000
3195:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
3174:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2792:United States v. Eichman
2744:United States v. O'Brien
2570:United States v. Stevens
2354:Memoirs v. Massachusetts
2314:Marcus v. Search Warrant
2109:United States v. Alvarez
2040:clear and present danger
1971:Schenck v. United States
1481:United States v. Ballard
1179:United States v. Ballard
1096:Private religious speech
936:Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
693:City of Boerne v. Flores
5880:Primaries and elections
5431:Time, Inc. v. Firestone
5391:Beauharnais v. Illinois
5076:FTC v. Superior Ct. TLA
4114:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
3393:Ellis v. Railway Clerks
3348:Moody v. NetChoice, LLC
2938:City of Ladue v. Gilleo
2922:Schneider v. New Jersey
2885:Reed v. Town of Gilbert
2736:Stromberg v. California
2639:United States v. Hansen
2245:Elonis v. United States
2144:Cantwell v. Connecticut
2060:imminent lawless action
2019:Dennis v. United States
1987:Abrams v. United States
1956:Alien and Sedition Acts
1473:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
1449:Cantwell v. Connecticut
1155:Internal church affairs
5805:Membership restriction
5697:Freedom of association
5648:and state restrictions
5346:Houchins v. KQED, Inc.
4798:Citizens United v. FEC
3771:substantial disruption
3073:United States v. Grace
2969:Davis v. Massachusetts
2800:Barnes v. Glen Theatre
2274:Rosen v. United States
2253:Counterman v. Colorado
2229:Watts v. United States
2035:Yates v. United States
1585:Thomas v. Review Board
1513:Fowler v. Rhode Island
354:
297:Board of Education of
6120:Kiryas Joel, New York
5557:Copyrighted materials
5186:Patterson v. Colorado
5095:Procunier v. Martinez
4948:Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
4090:restriction of speech
4077:Broadrick v. Oklahoma
2290:Roth v. United States
2003:Whitney v. California
1979:Debs v. United States
1779:Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC
1762:Ministerial exception
1716:Exclusion of religion
1617:Goldman v. Weinberger
349:
314:Kiryas Joel, New York
78:114 S. Ct. 2481; 129
45:Decided June 27, 1994
43:Argued March 30, 1994
5160:Freedom of the press
4984:Official retaliation
4638:and political speech
4162:Freedman v. Maryland
4106:Cox v. New Hampshire
3989:Garcetti v. Ceballos
3377:Machinists v. Street
3001:Niemotko v. Maryland
2985:Thornhill v. Alabama
2861:Butterworth v. Smith
2760:Spence v. Washington
2402:Miller v. California
2370:Ginsberg v. New York
1718:from public benefits
1593:United States v. Lee
1497:Niemotko v. Maryland
1421:Free Exercise Clause
1045:Edwards v. Aguillard
1021:Epperson v. Arkansas
768:Lemon v. Kurtzman II
760:Tilton v. Richardson
531:Establishment Clause
324:Opinion of the court
135:Establishment Clause
5969:Freedom to petition
5635:Presser v. Illinois
5606:Freedom of assembly
5546:Bartnicki v. Vopper
5127:Overton v. Bazzetta
5041:Gonzalez v. Trevino
4543:Nike, Inc. v. Kasky
4263:Bigelow v. Virginia
3957:Waters v. Churchill
3941:Rankin v. McPherson
3885:Perry v. Sindermann
3137:McCullen v. Coakley
3033:Adderley v. Florida
2752:Cohen v. California
2607:to criminal conduct
2530:Ashcroft v. ACLU II
2306:Smith v. California
2298:One, Inc. v. Olesen
2184:Cohen v. California
2055:Brandenburg v. Ohio
1289:McGowan v. Maryland
701:Cutter v. Wilkinson
635:Statutory religious
469:Library of Congress
345:Satmar Hasidic Jews
209:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
177:Sandra Day O'Connor
5928:Clingman v. Beaver
5845:Dallas v. Stanglin
5775:Baggett v. Bullitt
5656:De Jonge v. Oregon
5581:Eldred v. Ashcroft
5338:Branzburg v. Hayes
5293:Time, Inc. v. Hill
5025:Nieves v. Bartlett
5001:Reichle v. Howards
4972:Murthy v. Missouri
4846:Thompson v. Hebdon
4774:Randall v. Sorrell
4319:Friedman v. Rogers
3842:Morse v. Frederick
3713:Speiser v. Randall
3025:Brown v. Louisiana
2776:Dallas v. Stanglin
2615:New York v. Ferber
2514:Ashcroft v. ACLU I
2426:Jenkins v. Georgia
2378:Stanley v. Georgia
2362:Redrup v. New York
2330:Jacobellis v. Ohio
2168:Feiner v. New York
1995:Gitlow v. New York
1884:Ramirez v. Collier
1561:Wisconsin v. Yoder
1545:Sherbert v. Verner
1537:Torcaso v. Watkins
1521:Braunfeld v. Brown
1332:Torcaso v. Watkins
1305:Braunfeld v. Brown
1037:Wallace v. Jaffree
920:Agostini v. Felton
808:Wheeler v. Barrera
584:Van Orden v. Perry
161:Associate Justices
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6053:McDonald v. Smith
5989:Thomas v. Collins
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5888:Cousins v. Wigoda
5686:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5664:Thomas v. Collins
5595:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5455:McDonald v. Smith
5242:Pell v. Procunier
5194:Near v. Minnesota
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
4830:McCutcheon v. FEC
4607:Iancu v. Brunetti
4439:Edenfield v. Fane
4214:Commercial speech
3893:Arnett v. Kennedy
3652:Iancu v. Brunetti
3555:Government grants
3550:
3549:
3361:of others' speech
3359:Compelled subsidy
3292:Wooley v. Maynard
3253:
3252:
3158:Widmar v. Vincent
3105:Burson v. Freeman
3089:Frisby v. Schultz
2816:Virginia v. Black
2649:
2648:
2538:Nitke v. Gonzales
2474:People v. Freeman
2394:Kois v. Wisconsin
2237:Virginia v. Black
1913:Freedom of speech
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1868:Sossamon v. Texas
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1372:Bowen v. Kendrick
1364:Larson v. Valente
1238:Taxpayer standing
997:Zorach v. Clauson
928:Mitchell v. Helms
888:Aguilar v. Felton
824:Meek v. Pittenger
752:Lemon v. Kurtzman
560:Lynch v. Donnelly
552:Marsh v. Chambers
293:
292:
157:William Rehnquist
6157:
6145:1994 in religion
6029:Cox v. Louisiana
5964:
5963:
5732:NAACP v. Alabama
5705:
5704:
5692:
5691:
5614:
5613:
5601:
5600:
5172:Prior restraints
5168:
5167:
5155:
5154:
5111:Turner v. Safley
4993:Hartman v. Moore
4940:Marsh v. Alabama
4889:Buckley v. Valeo
4873:NAACP v. Alabama
4865:Anonymous speech
4758:McConnell v. FEC
4646:Buckley v. Valeo
4635:Campaign finance
4122:Kunz v. New York
3933:Connick v. Myers
3869:Public employees
3573:Rust v. Sullivan
3521:
3520:
3259:Compelled speech
3129:Hill v. Colorado
3017:Cox v. Louisiana
2954:
2953:
2784:Texas v. Johnson
2208:Snyder v. Phelps
1939:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1847:Tanzin v. Tanvir
1831:Zubik v. Burwell
1802:
1801:
1713:
1712:
1689:Tandon v. Newsom
1569:McDaniel v. Paty
1505:Kunz v. New York
1465:Jamison v. Texas
1416:
1415:
1340:McDaniel v. Paty
872:Mueller v. Allen
840:Wolman v. Walter
608:Salazar v. Buono
539:
538:
526:
525:
510:
503:
496:
487:
486:
482:
476:
473:
467:
464:
458:
455:
449:
446:
440:
424:
410:
409:
407:
399:
363:American Indians
146:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
6165:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6099:
6005:NAACP v. Button
5971:
5950:
5875:
5800:
5781:
5762:
5748:NAACP v. Button
5699:
5678:
5647:
5641:
5608:
5587:
5552:
5498:Broadcast media
5493:
5490:(9th Cir. 2014)
5376:
5321:
5315:
5280:
5274:Tory v. Cochran
5210:Tucker v. Texas
5174:
5162:
5141:
5082:
5055:
5033:Egbert v. Boule
4978:
4964:Lindke v. Freed
4927:
4860:
4750:FEC v. Beaumont
4637:
4629:
4623:Vidal v. Elster
4208:
4146:NAACP v. Button
4089:
4083:
4053:Ex parte Curtis
4044:
4035:
3864:
3735:
3682:
3676:Vidal v. Elster
3618:
3611:
3556:
3546:
3519:
3513:Janus v. AFSCME
3497:Harris v. Quinn
3473:Locke v. Karass
3360:
3354:
3249:
3203:Brown v. Glines
3186:
3180:
3149:
3143:
2958:
2952:
2913:
2912:Content-neutral
2907:
2828:
2822:
2727:
2725:Symbolic speech
2719:
2697:Smith v. Goguen
2686:
2678:
2655:Strict scrutiny
2645:
2623:Osborne v. Ohio
2606:
2605:Speech integral
2600:
2565:(9th Cir. 2009)
2557:(6th Cir. 2009)
2541:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
2469:(7th Cir. 1985)
2285:(S.D.N.Y. 1933)
2259:
2214:
2132:
2123:
2082:
2073:
2067:Hess v. Indiana
2011:Fiske v. Kansas
1966:(S.D.N.Y. 1917)
1945:
1933:
1922:
1915:
1890:
1853:
1793:
1756:
1750:Carson v. Makin
1717:
1711:
1489:Tucker v. Texas
1441:Davis v. Beason
1423:
1402:
1396:Trump v. Hawaii
1348:Harris v. McRae
1319:
1276:
1233:
1163:Watson v. Jones
1150:
1091:
1029:Stone v. Graham
1005:Engel v. Vitale
980:
974:
968:Carson v. Makin
707:
636:
630:
543:
542:Public displays
533:
520:
514:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
456:
453:
447:
444:
438:
418:
413:
405:
401:
400:
396:
392:
375:
338:
326:
201:Clarence Thomas
199:
189:Anthony Kennedy
187:
175:
173:John P. Stevens
123:989 (1993).
87:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6163:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6089:
6081:
6073:
6065:
6061:Meyer v. Grant
6057:
6049:
6041:
6033:
6025:
6017:
6009:
6001:
5993:
5985:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5916:
5908:
5900:
5892:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5865:
5857:
5849:
5841:
5833:
5825:
5817:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5770:
5768:
5767:Future Conduct
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5752:
5744:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5711:
5709:
5701:
5700:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5668:
5660:
5651:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5631:
5622:
5620:
5610:
5609:
5597:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5577:
5569:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5510:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5403:
5395:
5386:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5325:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5270:
5262:
5254:
5246:
5238:
5230:
5222:
5214:
5206:
5198:
5190:
5181:
5179:
5164:
5163:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5135:Beard v. Banks
5131:
5123:
5119:Shaw v. Murphy
5115:
5107:
5099:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5072:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5045:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4641:
4639:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4048:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4013:Lane v. Franks
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3901:Elrod v. Burns
3897:
3889:
3881:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3778:Healy v. James
3774:
3762:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3692:
3690:
3684:
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3672:
3664:
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3648:
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3609:
3601:
3593:
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3577:
3569:
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3544:
3536:
3527:
3525:
3518:
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3509:
3501:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
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3053:
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3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
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2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2731:
2729:
2728:versus conduct
2721:
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2718:
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2709:
2701:
2692:
2690:
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2668:
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2258:
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2233:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2135:heckler's veto
2129:Fighting words
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2051:
2043:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
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1872:
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1855:
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1799:
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1783:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1726:Locke v. Davey
1721:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
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1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
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1309:
1301:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1246:Flast v. Cohen
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1061:Lee v. Weisman
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
993:
984:
982:
981:public schools
976:
975:
973:
972:
964:
956:
948:
940:
932:
924:
916:
908:
900:
892:
884:
876:
868:
860:
852:
844:
836:
828:
820:
812:
804:
800:Sloan v. Lemon
796:
788:
784:Hunt v. McNair
780:
772:
764:
756:
748:
740:
736:Flast v. Cohen
732:
724:
715:
713:
712:Public funding
709:
708:
706:
705:
697:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
640:
638:
632:
631:
629:
628:
620:
612:
604:
596:
588:
580:
572:
564:
556:
547:
545:
544:and ceremonies
535:
534:
522:
521:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
484:
483:
451:Google Scholar
417:
416:External links
414:
412:
411:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
381:
374:
371:
341:Justice Scalia
337:
334:
330:Justice Souter
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185:Antonin Scalia
165:Harry Blackmun
162:
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154:
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143:
142:
130:
129:
125:
124:
98:
94:
93:
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88:
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61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
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40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5708:Organizations
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5618:Incorporation
5615:
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5607:
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5440:
5436:
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5428:
5425:
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5412:
5409:
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5400:
5396:
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5388:
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5379:
5372:
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5364:
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5340:
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5283:
5276:
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5268:
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5263:
5260:
5259:
5255:
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5244:
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5239:
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5231:
5228:
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5223:
5220:
5219:
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5211:
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5112:
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5027:
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5022:
5019:
5018:
5014:
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5010:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4995:
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4990:
4989:
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4779:
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4771:
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4428:
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4417:
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4412:
4409:
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4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4377:
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4372:
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4360:
4356:
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4127:
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4119:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:Licensing and
4086:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4050:
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4038:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
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3751:
3747:
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3744:
3742:
3741:School speech
3738:
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3718:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3688:Loyalty oaths
3685:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3649:
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3599:
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3586:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:and subsidies
3553:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3514:
3510:
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3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:Boos v. Barry
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:Content-based
2825:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:Bond v. Floyd
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:Holt v. Hobbs
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:Jones v. Wolf
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
990:
986:
985:
983:
977:
970:
969:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
753:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
737:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
717:
716:
714:
710:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
662:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
639:
633:
626:
625:
621:
618:
617:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
593:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
569:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
553:
549:
548:
546:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
518:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
488:
479:
470:
461:
452:
443:
442:CourtListener
436:
432:
428:
423:
420:
419:
404:
398:
394:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
370:
368:
364:
361:dwellers, or
359:
353:
348:
346:
342:
333:
331:
321:
319:
315:
312:community of
311:
307:
303:
302:
300:
289:
285:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:Case opinions
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:Chief Justice
152:
151:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
90:
85:
81:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
6091:
6083:
6075:
6067:
6059:
6051:
6043:
6035:
6027:
6019:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5979:
5942:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5910:
5902:
5894:
5886:
5867:
5859:
5851:
5843:
5835:
5827:
5819:
5811:
5794:In re Primus
5792:
5786:Solicitation
5773:
5754:
5746:
5738:
5730:
5722:
5714:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5633:
5625:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5544:
5536:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5461:
5453:
5445:
5437:
5429:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5320:Taxation and
5307:
5299:
5291:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5184:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5074:
5066:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5009:Wood v. Moss
5007:
4999:
4991:
4970:
4962:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4932:State action
4919:
4911:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4790:Davis v. FEC
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4599:Matal v. Tam
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4351:In re R.M.J.
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4303:In re Primus
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4045:similar laws
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3644:Matal v. Tam
3642:
3634:
3626:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3538:
3530:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3150:public forum
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2977:Hague v. CIO
2975:
2967:
2960:public forum
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2914:restrictions
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2829:restrictions
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2670:
2662:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2490:Reno v. ACLU
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2220:True threats
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2084:false speech
2065:
2053:
2045:
2033:
2030:(1955; 1961)
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1609:Bowen v. Roy
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1553:Cruz v. Beto
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
966:
958:
950:
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318:Nathan Lewin
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278:Laws applied
204:
197:David Souter
192:
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168:
108:
104:
100:
92:Case history
71:
53:
15:
6085:Doe v. Reed
5266:Lowe v. SEC
4913:Doe v. Reed
2684:Overbreadth
2477:(Cal. 1988)
1932:Unprotected
979:Religion in
284:U.S. Const.
262:Concurrence
254:Concurrence
246:Concurrence
238:Concurrence
115:. granted,
6114:Categories
5382:Defamation
5322:privileges
5177:censorship
3619:as speaker
3617:Government
3148:Designated
2079:Defamation
1943:Incitement
637:exemptions
390:References
84:U.S. LEXIS
82:546; 1994
4041:Hatch Act
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230:Plurality
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257:O'Connor
241:Blackmun
222:Majority
5285:Privacy
5087:Prisons
3769:(1969,
2058:(1969,
2038:(1957,
367:Gypsies
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336:Dissent
270:Dissent
265:Kennedy
137:of the
128:Holding
6096:(2011)
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310:Satmar
207:
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181:·
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171:
169:·
167:
3187:forum
1324:Other
433:
406:(PDF)
365:, or
119:
97:Prior
5175:and
2133:the
1946:and
1806:RFRA
435:U.S.
121:U.S.
113:cert
73:more
65:U.S.
63:512
4043:and
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431:512
117:510
68:687
6116::
429:,
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