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to social levels â desires to have property, gain fame and control, and eventually to possess knowledge about reality. The development of these desires is regarded as the catalyst of human development, i.e. when the desire develops, humanity comes up with a technological way to satisfy this growing desire in the form of a new and more advanced technology. The fifth, and last, level of desire to develop is the spiritual desire. The spiritual desire develops as a feeling of dissatisfaction with the fulfillments of the desires on the lower levels, and generates an existential inquiry in the person, most notably verbalized by the question, âWhat is the meaning of life?â It was, Bnei Baruch teaches, once rare, which is why Rabbi
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a superior level above our ordinary life. "If we connect correctly,â says
Laitman, âwe discover in the connections among us a special force" that we can also call God: "God is the force that humanity discovers through the right connections among people." Laitman claims that in the future, we will be able to realize Yehuda Ashlag's âaltruistic communismâ that, he insists, is âcompletely differentâ from Soviet-style communism: âWe build a balanced society where the upper force, which is the force of connection and love, is among us and connects us, and by this we will achieve complete correction.â
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recording (among them Arabic). Many Bnei Baruch students follow these lessons, and every student is free to choose his or her own study routine. Bnei Baruch also has 27 centers throughout Israel and over 150 centers worldwide, where
Laitman's students teach weekly introductory courses. In these courses, there is no separation between males and females, whereas in the daily morning and evening lessons men and women study separately, although the separation assumes different forms in different countries. As noted by Italian scholars of
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270:, meaning âstraight toward the Creatorâ). As summarized by Myers, Bnei Baruch teaches that this group had âa spiritual designationâ rather than an ethnic or religious one, indicating a practice based on Abraham's method centered around the unity above the growing ego. Although Abraham gathered only a small group, his wisdom gradually conquered a significant number of followers, which developed over time and culminated in the building of
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was not a Jew but a
Babylonian. According to Laitman, in the days of Abraham the Babylonians faced a crisis of spiking egotism that separated them from each other and disintegrated their society. The quest to find the source of this social crisis, eventually led Abraham to discover the Creator (which
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Two key notions of Bnei Baruch's doctrine are correction and connection. Correction, a core concept in
Kabbalah in general, means the continuous effort of moving from hate to love, from egoism to altruism. The idea is that our world is still dominated by egotism and conflict, but we can "connect" at
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A key component in this development of the nation of Israel and humankind, Bnei Baruch maintains, is desire, which is composed of different levels. The first corresponds to the development of basic desires, such as for food, sex and shelter. The next three degrees in the development of desire refer
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Laitman conducts open daily 3:00 AM â 6:00 AM and 6:00 PMâ 8:00 PM lessons, either live (normally in Petah Tikva) or through the
Internet. The lessons are translated live into eight languages, including English, Russian, Chinese, Turkish, Italian, Japanese, as well as into seven other languages in
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of the group in various countries, that Bnei Baruch students exhibit a disturbingly intense devotion to their teacher, and on-average devote more time and resources to the movement than followers of other spiritual movements. This attitude is common among cults. Criticism is also explained by the
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As noted by
Israeli scholars, Marianna Ruah-Midbar and Adam Klin-Oron, a unique feature of the Israeli anti-cult movement is that orthodox Jews and secular critics of religion strictly cooperate in several of its organizations, so that it is difficult to disentangle strictly religious and secular
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He claims what he teaches is not a religion, but a science. Laitman's basic principle of
Kabbalah is âlove thy friend as thy selfâ as a pathway to the attainment of the Creator. Opponents claim that this view is not supported by the majority of Kabbalistic texts, both historical and contemporary.
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In order to fight an attempt by Baruch Ashlag's brother, Benjamin Shlomo Ashlag, to assert his version of their father's work in
British courts, Laitman founded Bnei Baruch ("Sons of Baruch"). Gradually, the group developed. Its internal sources report that the breakthrough came in 1997, when the
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Yehuda Ashlag passed away in 1954. After his death, his disciples divided: some followed one of his associates, Yehuda Tzvi
Brandwein (1904-1969), who had become Ashlag's brother-in-law through his second marriage. Brandwein's group is, directly or indirectly, at the origins of some contemporary
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started extending it to non-Jews as well. From the end of the 20th century, Bnei Baruch insists, the method of connection and overcoming of the ego that the movement believes was discovered in
Babylon by Abraham, and developed by Kabbalists over millennia, must spread to the masses.
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Laitman, following Yehuda Ashlag, defines as the force of love and bestowal). Abraham realized that the bust of egotism was only an opportunity for the Babylonians to unite on a higher level and discover the Creator, and began spreading this notion among the residents of Babylon.
278:. Eventually, however, the ego took over, the First and the Second Temples were destroyed, and the âJewsâ scattered among the nations. The purpose of this scattering of the Jews among the nations was to eventually bring about the reform (âcorrectionâ) of the whole world.
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Meir, Jonatan. (2007). âThe Revealers and the Revealed within the Concealed: On the Opposition to the âFollowersâ of Rabbi Yehudah Ashlag and the Dissemination of Esoteric Literature.â
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intense debate in Israel over who is "authorized" to define Kabbalah: academic scholars, Orthodox establishment people, or new, independent and unafilliated teachers such as Laitman.
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ordered to keep the Kabbalah secret. However, the more the world declined over the centuries into a spiritual crisis, the more souls with spiritual desire appeared. This was why
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According to Laitman, the small group of students that gathered around Abraham was eventually called "Israel," after their desire to cling to the Creator (from the words
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Orthodox Jews insist that Kabbalah should be taught to qualified Jews only, and regard Bnei Baruch's dissemination of the Kabbalah to non-Jews as heresy and sacrilege.
221:. Other disciples of Yehuda Ashlag accepted the leadership of two of his four sons: Benjamin Shlomo Ashlag (1907-1991), whose group remained comparatively small, and
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regard Bnei Baruch's "pragmatic" Kabbalah as not philologically correct, nor true to the ancient sources. This criticism is mostly confined to the academic milieu.
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association founded by Michael Laitman in the early 1990s. It is estimated to have around 50,000 students in Israel, and some 150,000 around the world.
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group started offering free Kabbalah courses through the Internet and radio (television followed in 2007), and eventually moved its headquarters from
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254:, this separation âhas raised eyebrows among criticsâ but âis not unprecedented in Kabbalistic schools and continues the practice of Baruch Ashlag.â
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Ruah-Midbar, Marianna, and Adam Klin-Oron. (2013). ââTell Me Who Your Enemies Areâ: Government Reports about the âCultâ Phenomenon in Israel.â
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201:. Relying on his claim that the statement âLove thy friend as thyselfâ, Yehuda Ashlag proposed a theory of "altruistic communism," a form of
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Huss, Boaz. (2007). ââAuthorizes Guardiansâ: The Polemics of Academic Scholars of Jewish Mysticism against Kabbalah Practitioners.â In
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and from Kabbalah as taught in the orthodox milieu, which explains part of the criticism. On the other hand, Italian scholar
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193:(Ladder). He became very popular in Israel, and was consulted on Kabbalah by the first Prime Minister of the State of
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Myers, Jody. (2011). âKabbalah for the Gentiles: Diverse Souls and Universalism in Contemporary Kabbalah.â In
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666:âDo Not Repeat the Mistakes! Recollections of Feiga Ashlag, the Widow of the Late Rav Baruch Ashlag.â
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Introvigne, Massimo. (2017). "Pragmatic Kabbalists: Bnei Baruch and the Globalization of Kabbalah."
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776:, edited by Boaz Huss, 181â212. Beer-Sheva, Israel: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.
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Hasidism in Israel: A History of the Hasidic Movement and Its Masters in the Holy Land
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Blau, Uri. (2012). âPay and You Will Be Saved: The Stringent Code of Kabbalah Laam.â
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of its leader, of requiring exaggerated monetary contributions of disciples, and of
237:. Through the Internet, Bnei Baruch started gathering members throughout the world.
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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based on principles of altruism and different from Soviet-style, materialistic
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World Religions and Spiritualities Project, Virginia Commonwealth University.
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Huss, Boaz. (2005). âAll You Need is LAV: Madonna and Postmodern Kabbalah.â
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criticism of groups labeled there as "cults." As noted by Israeli scholar
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688:. Toronto, Ontario, and Brooklyn, NY: Laitman Kabbalah Publishers.
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First, some academic scholars of the Kabbalah in the tradition of
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781:âKabbalat Kahal: How Kabbalah Changed the Life of Arkadi Duchin.â
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Kabbalah and the Spiritual Quest: The Kabbalah Center in America
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Bnei Baruch is criticized in Israel by three different groups.
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in the tradition of the Yehudah Ashlag (Hasidic rabbi). Rabbi
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818:. Toronto, Ontario and New York: Laitman Kabbalah Publishers.
755:. Toronto, Ontario and New York: Laitman Kabbalah Publishers.
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Bick, Abraham. (1980). âBetween the Holy Ari and Karl Marx.â
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Kabbalah: Journal for the Study of Jewish Mystical Texts
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Polemical Encounters: Esoteric Discourse and Its Others
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WE: The Artist, the Kabbalist, and the CircleXperiment
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a
748:. Toronto, Ontario, and Brooklyn, NY: ARI Publishers.
364:Michael Laitman was born in the Belarusian city of
693:"The ASMOR Rabbi Baruch Ashlag of Blessed Memory."
739:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion
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753:The Zohar: Annotations to the Ashlag Commentary
794:. Northvale, NJ, and Jerusalem: Jason Aronson.
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799:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
584:M. Laitman, quoted in Introvigne (2017), 15.
575:M. Laitman, quoted in Introvigne (2017), 15.
233:Bnei Brak to nearby (and more cosmopolitan)
2363:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
774:Kabbalah and Contemporary Spiritual Revival
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611:See Blau (2012); The MERIA Center (2017).
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
2554:Jewish organizations established in 1997
910:Index of Jewish history-related articles
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449:Introvigne (2016); Introvigne (2017), 9.
2559:Religious organizations based in Israel
2409:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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185:in 1921. He wrote a commentary on the
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838:(Musaf Shabat). March 31 (in Hebrew).
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727:, 81â103. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
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2356:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
2336:American Jewish Historical Society
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320:Finally, some associated with the
213:Kabbalah movements, including the
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620:Ruah-Midbar and Klin-Oron (2013).
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816:The Kabbalist: A Cinematic Novel
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41:. Please discuss further on the
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2415:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
730:Introvigne, Massimo. (2016).
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806:Van Leer Jerusalem Institute
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705:. September 15 (in Hebrew).
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2397:National Library of Israel
1038:Zionism, race and genetics
828:. February 25 (in Hebrew).
790:Rabinowicz, Tzvi. (2000).
787:. November 26 (in Hebrew).
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638:Introvigne (2017), 31-32.
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943:Ancient Israel and Judah
769:. Westport, CT: Praeger.
762:16: 151â258 (in Hebrew).
674:110: 174â81 (in Hebrew).
485:The MEIDA Center (2017).
476:The MEIDA Center (2017).
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324:regard Bnei Baruch as a
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1292:Jewish tribes of Arabia
831:Yifrah, Yehuda. (2017)
744:Komad, Zenita. (2015).
684:Bogner, Jesse. (2014).
664:Ashlag, Feiga. (2005).
353:participant observation
351:has concluded, after a
248:new religious movements
2422:Holocaust Encyclopedia
2392:Jewish Virtual Library
593:Introvigne (2017), 33.
566:Introvigne (2017), 14.
548:Myers (2011), 204-206.
530:Myers (2011), 209-210.
512:Myers (2011), 201-202.
503:Myers (2011), 200-202.
494:Introvigne (2017), 16.
458:Introvigne (2017), 16.
395:Introvigne (2017), 16.
2369:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2151:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
1336:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
1086:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
765:Myers, Jody. (2007).
686:The Egotist: A Memoir
422:Introvigne (2017), 9.
258:Laitman teaches that
159:universalist kabbalah
39:neutral point of view
948:Second Temple period
2386:Jewish Encyclopedia
2131:Hekhalot literature
1942:Religious movements
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779:Niv, Yuval. (2013)
649:"www.kabbalah.info"
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2458:Jews and Christmas
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905:Outline of Judaism
804:The MEIDA Center,
725:Kocku von Stuckrad
698:2015-12-16 at the
602:Introvigne (2016).
557:Myers (2011), 207.
539:Myers (2011), 203.
521:Myers (2011), 203.
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431:Introvigne (2016).
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1924:Who is a Jew?
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849:Kabbalah.info
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51:November 2019
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2201:perspectives
2035:Samaritanism
1996:Neo-Hasidism
1976:Conservative
1890:Names of God
1799:
1780:
1590:Judaeo-Greek
1585:Judeo-Gascon
1524:LishĂĄn DidĂĄn
1519:Lishana Deni
1487:Judeo-Yemeni
1455:Judeo-Arabic
1329:Meshuchrarim
1248:Persian Jews
1181:Kurdish Jews
1159:Kaifeng Jews
1108:Beta Abraham
1071:Galitzianers
1026:Antisemitism
1001:Israeli Jews
986:Assimilation
836:Makor Rishon
835:
825:
815:
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791:
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773:
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738:
719:, edited by
716:
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681:, August 30.
678:
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629:Huss (2007).
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372:, (nowadays
370:Soviet Union
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334:brainwashing
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235:Petah Tikvah
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118:Petach Tikva
114:Headquarters
57:
48:
29:
2443:Catholicism
2025:Hellenistic
1863:Eschatology
1801:Lachoudisch
1726:Lotegorisch
1704:Lachoudisch
1694:KoinĂŠ Greek
1607:Judeo-Latin
1544:Palestinian
1438:Palestinian
1287:MustaĘżravim
1213:Afghan Jews
1201:Berber Jews
1125:Bene Israel
1113:Falash Mura
1103:Beta Israel
1021:Persecution
963:Middle Ages
854:Laitman.com
721:Olav Hammer
288:Isaac Luria
219:Philip Berg
189:called the
147:Bnei Baruch
91:early 1990s
74:Bnei Baruch
2543:Categories
2438:Anabaptism
2380:Jew (word)
2247:Leadership
2060:Literature
2045:Secularism
1991:Humanistic
1858:Conversion
1828:Philosophy
1669:Judeo-Urdu
1433:Babylonian
1278:Saada Jews
1263:Adeni Jews
1056:Ashkenazim
1011:Samaritans
978:Population
933:Israelites
808:. (2017).
659:References
345:Moshe Idel
153:, Hebrew:
2500:indicate
2448:Mormonism
2433:Christian
2313:Symbolism
2301:Synagogue
2281:Mythology
2242:Education
2213:Astronomy
2196:Astrology
2013:relations
1818:Zarphatic
1766:Galitzish
1568:Yeshivish
1445:Catalanic
1408:Samaritan
1383:Ashkenazi
1364:Diasporic
1359:Languages
1304:Sephardim
1299:Romaniote
1186:Krymchaks
1120:Desi Jews
996:Buddhists
341:Boaz Huss
268:Yashar El
207:communism
203:socialism
183:Palestine
136:.kabbalah
88:Formation
43:talk page
2549:Kabbalah
2513:Category
2483:Hinduism
2473:Buddhism
2375:Genetics
2291:Politics
2264:Marriage
2223:Holidays
2218:Calendar
2099:Rabbinic
2075:/Hebrew
2020:Haymanot
1947:Orthodox
1934:Branches
1907:Kabbalah
1902:Haskalah
1880:Holiness
1756:dialects
1736:Shassagh
1699:Krymchak
1679:Kayliùùa
1573:Yinglish
1549:Galilean
1539:Talmudic
1534:Biblical
1509:Betanure
1428:Biblical
1423:Mishnaic
1418:Medieval
1403:Tiberian
1398:Yemenite
1388:Sephardi
1324:Paradesi
1268:Ḥabbanim
1258:Teimanim
1223:Baghdadi
1196:Maghrebi
1164:Karaites
1142:GruzĂnim
1130:Kochinim
1048:Diaspora
1006:Karaites
991:Atheists
928:Timeline
696:Archived
274:and the
241:Doctrine
171:Kabbalah
155:ק××× ×ע×
108:Kabbalah
2498:Italics
2323:Studies
2269:Divorce
2235:Kashrut
2230:Cuisine
2188:Culture
2119:Midrash
2114:Tosefta
2104:Mishnah
2092:Ketuvim
2087:Nevi'im
2050:Schisms
2040:Science
2030:Karaite
2001:Renewal
1962:Litvaks
1957:Hasidic
1912:Sefirot
1897:Halakha
1868:Messiah
1841:Mitzvah
1836:Beliefs
1790:Western
1776:Poylish
1771:Litvish
1761:Eastern
1751:Yiddish
1746:Shuadit
1731:QwareĂąa
1719:Tetuani
1714:Haketia
1689:Knaanic
1684:Kivruli
1632:Bukhori
1578:Heblish
1514:HulaulĂĄ
1504:Barzani
1460:Yahudic
1393:Mizrahi
1253:Urfalim
1208:Mizrahi
1152:Neofiti
1147:Italkim
1076:Lita'im
968:Zionism
920:History
894:Judaism
703:HaModia
679:Haaretz
374:Belarus
366:Vitebsk
260:Abraham
165:History
157:) is a
129:Website
96:Founder
2306:Hazzan
2296:Prayer
2173:Siddur
2109:Talmud
2073:Tanakh
2008:Neolog
1981:Reform
1969:Modern
1952:Haredi
1875:Ethics
1741:Shassi
1709:Ladino
1674:Karaim
1657:Juhuri
1499:Targum
1413:Signed
1378:Modern
1373:Hebrew
1341:Xuetes
1137:DĂśnmeh
1096:Yekkes
231:Haredi
195:Israel
179:Yishuv
123:Israel
2478:Islam
2286:Names
2276:Music
2257:Rebbe
2252:Rabbi
2206:Monen
2161:Zohar
2082:Torah
2077:Bible
1191:Lemba
1066:Chuts
672:Hedim
384:Notes
378:Rabbi
191:Sulam
187:Zohar
138:.info
892:and
890:Jews
785:Xnet
723:and
326:cult
104:Type
1885:God
217:of
134:www
2545::
783:.
250:,
225:.
209:.
197:,
1366:)
1362:(
882:e
875:t
868:v
120:,
64:)
58:(
53:)
49:(
45:.
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