3058:
20:
1027:
oceanic sustainability, ranging from sustainable fisheries to ecosystem health to preventing pollution. Secondly, the blue economy challenges us to realize that the sustainable management of ocean resources will require collaboration across borders and sectors through a variety of partnerships, and on a scale that has not been previously achieved. This is a tall order, particularly for Small Island
Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) who face significant limitations." The UN notes that the Blue Economy will aid in achieving the UN
1071:
3034:
48:
3070:
2961:
875:
3022:
2973:
3046:
863:
1168:. Blue Justice acknowledges the historical rights of small-scale fishing communities to marine and inland resources and coastal space; in some cases, communities have used these resources for thousands of years. Thus, as a concept, it seeks to investigate pressures on small-scale fisheries from other ocean uses promoted in blue economy and blue growth agendas, including
1026:
representative recently defined the Blue
Economy as an economy that "comprises a range of economic sectors and related policies that together determine whether the use of ocean resources is sustainable. An important challenge of the blue economy is to understand and better manage the many aspects of
1095:
A related term of blue economy is ocean economy and we see some organizations using the two terms interchangeably. However, these two terms represent different concepts. Ocean economy simply deals with the use of ocean resources and is strictly aimed at empowering the economic system of ocean. Blue
1018:
says "it is now a widely used term around the world with three related but distinct meanings- the overall contribution of the oceans to economies, the need to address the environmental and ecological sustainability of the oceans, and the ocean economy as a growth opportunity for both developed and
1202:
The 2015 WWF briefing puts the value of key ocean assets over US$ 24 trillion. Fisheries are now overexploited, but there is still plenty of room for aquaculture and offshore wind power. Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector with the supply of 58 percent of fish to global markets.
1096:
economy goes beyond viewing the ocean economy solely as a mechanism for economic growth. It focuses on the sustainability of ocean for economic growth. Therefore, blue economy encompasses ecological aspects of the ocean along with economic aspects.
1045:
with two senses given to this term: "For some, blue economy means the use of the sea and its resources for sustainable economic development. For others, it simply refers to any economic activity in the maritime sector, whether sustainable or not."
1124:
A related term is blue growth, which means "support to the growth of the maritime sector in a sustainable way." The term is adopted by the
European Union as an integrated maritime policy to achieve the goals of the Europe 2020 strategy.
1189:
On top of the traditional ocean activities such as fisheries, tourism and maritime transport, blue economy entails emerging industries including renewable energy, aquaculture, seabed extractive activities and marine biotechnology and
1057:, the blue economy, which includes all industries with a direct or indirect connection to the ocean, such as marine energy, ports, shipping, coastal protection, and seafood production, could outperform global economic growth by 2030.
1049:
As the WWF reveals in its purpose of the report, there is still no widely accepted definition of the term blue economy despite increasing high-level adoption of it as a concept and as a goal of policy-making and investment.
1078:
Blue
Technology refers to the application of innovative and sustainable practices that aid to a healthier water economy. It's used in nearly every sector to advance or improve existing practices. Examples include
1198:
that are not captured by the market but provide significant contribution to economic and human activity. They include carbon sequestration, coastal protection, waste disposal, and the existence of biodiversity.
1548:
1116:. Therefore, blue economy is a part of green economy. During Rio+20 Summit in June 2012, Pacific small island developing states stated that, for them, "a green economy was in fact a blue economy".
1930:"The Potential of the Blue Economy : Increasing Long-term Benefits of the Sustainable Use of Marine Resources for Small Island Developing States and Coastal Least Developed Countries"
1365:
993:, the blue economy is the "sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem."
1012:
adds that "blue economy also includes economic benefits that may not be marketed, such as carbon storage, coastal protection, cultural values and biodiversity."
2939:
2875:
1951:
999:
defines it as "All economic activities related to oceans, seas and coasts. It covers a wide range of interlinked established and emerging sectors."
2900:
1978:
1751:
1362:(book) which uses the term differently, namely for "solutions for environmental problems that are based upon simpler and cleaner technologies".
2199:
2812:
1929:
905:
837:
1802:"Blue Economy versus Ocean Economy- Translation in Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sindhi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telgu – Examrace"
2559:
1571:
2009:
1482:
2509:
1647:
1726:
2928:
1657:
1494:
3095:
1080:
1598:
2911:
2789:
2709:
2549:
2524:
1625:
1801:
2458:
1518:
2837:
2794:
2034:
1673:
2832:
2514:
2443:
2382:
2175:
2067:
1032:
1015:
898:
2754:
2652:
2187:
1909:
Isaacs, M. (23 July 2019). Blue
Justice for small-scale fisheries. Retrieved 26 July 2019, from Plaas website:
933:. Its scope of interpretation varies among organizations. However, the term is generally used in the scope of
2998:
2977:
2945:
2822:
2749:
1165:
1028:
236:
498:
2734:
2002:
1180:, and how they may compromise the rights and the well-being of small-scale fisheries and their communities.
981:
In
November 2018, a conference in Kenya was held to discuss a sustainable future for the world's oceans.
3110:
3100:
2842:
2774:
2150:
1828:
1006:
considers it "an emerging concept which encourages better stewardship of our ocean or 'blue' resources."
847:
67:
57:
3105:
3012:
2544:
2165:
2044:
1456:
1009:
957:, coastal, marine and maritime tourism, or other traditional uses, to more emergent activities such as
891:
841:
371:
361:
2744:
2539:
2377:
2029:
934:
251:
2677:
2554:
2519:
2268:
2258:
2232:
1910:
820:
558:
513:
366:
135:
79:
573:
2965:
2739:
2582:
2392:
2364:
2087:
2077:
1995:
1109:
1003:
938:
523:
331:
321:
281:
271:
178:
101:
19:
3074:
2991:
2984:
2804:
2759:
2714:
2529:
2493:
2483:
2278:
2253:
2237:
2222:
2204:
693:
538:
276:
216:
173:
120:
1215:
The World Bank specifies three challenges that limit the potential to develop a blue economy.
3062:
2882:
2827:
2784:
2667:
2642:
2607:
2283:
1886:
926:
827:
508:
483:
468:
326:
266:
246:
241:
3090:
2847:
2817:
2769:
2764:
2687:
2592:
2488:
2311:
2170:
2155:
2130:
2115:
2072:
1321:
1113:
578:
400:
351:
316:
256:
221:
125:
115:
62:
8:
2779:
2662:
2657:
2402:
2321:
2140:
2120:
2110:
1298:
1253:
1038:
996:
804:
613:
435:
376:
301:
291:
261:
188:
96:
473:
3038:
2724:
2719:
2354:
2316:
2273:
2192:
1972:
1413:
1279:
1220:
1203:
Aquaculture is vital to food security of the poorest countries especially. Only in the
1195:
1153:
954:
930:
832:
788:
593:
430:
425:
405:
356:
296:
286:
231:
226:
198:
193:
163:
31:
1108:
is defined as an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks, and that aims for
2933:
2916:
2887:
2682:
2566:
2372:
2125:
2062:
1702:
1653:
1490:
1417:
1405:
1335:
1287:
1177:
1149:
942:
723:
698:
608:
488:
445:
381:
346:
336:
168:
130:
86:
1390:"Thematic Evolution of Blue Tourism: A Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review"
648:
2857:
2729:
2704:
2597:
2423:
2397:
2349:
2344:
2326:
2263:
2214:
2135:
2105:
2100:
2057:
1397:
1359:
1169:
958:
773:
718:
703:
688:
673:
603:
583:
563:
518:
391:
341:
311:
306:
1083:
that can monitor fish farms, robotics that can assist in the effort to regenerate
653:
2692:
2602:
2587:
2453:
2418:
2227:
1432:
867:
778:
743:
708:
643:
568:
553:
440:
415:
410:
386:
158:
153:
1859:
945:. This can include a wide range of economic sectors, from the more conventional
3050:
2617:
2534:
2468:
2463:
2182:
2160:
2095:
2018:
1264:
1204:
1191:
1023:
970:
798:
783:
748:
733:
713:
683:
503:
420:
110:
106:
1070:
533:
3084:
3033:
3026:
2922:
2647:
2632:
2627:
2612:
2433:
2387:
2145:
1409:
1401:
1346:
1259:
1227:
1161:
1156:" initiatives undertaken by institutions and governments globally to promote
1105:
966:
763:
753:
728:
668:
663:
658:
638:
628:
598:
588:
493:
396:
47:
2895:
2293:
2052:
1389:
1312:
1292:
1274:
1141:
1135:
879:
793:
738:
633:
623:
618:
543:
91:
1633:
European
Commission Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
1526:
1233:
Inadequate care for marine resources and ecosystem services of the oceans.
2478:
2473:
2438:
2301:
1316:
1302:
1247:
1243:
1173:
1157:
962:
950:
768:
758:
548:
183:
16:
Economy based on exploitation and preservation of the marine environment
2637:
2622:
2448:
2428:
1775:
1549:"What on Earth is the 'blue economy'? – Human Nature – Conservation..."
1306:
990:
678:
478:
2906:
2852:
2306:
946:
922:
528:
459:
39:
2699:
1366:
Directorate general for
Maritime affairs, Fisheries and Aquaculture
1230:
for employment and development in innovative blue economy sectors.
3021:
2672:
1987:
1269:
1145:
1911:
https://www.plaas.org.za/blue-justice-for-small-scale-fisheries/
2336:
862:
1512:
1112:
without degrading the environment. It is closely related with
1084:
1055:
Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
1514:
1054:
1160:
ocean development. The blue economy is also rooted in the
1576:
Middlebury
Institute of International Studies at Monterey
1949:
2877:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
1727:"The game-changing robotics helping to grow new corals"
1517:), Site designed and built by Hydrant (21 March 2018).
1368:- French government agency regulating the Blue Economy.
1887:"Blue growth – Maritime Affairs – European Commission"
3010:
1829:"What a 'blue economy' really is – WWF's perspective"
1087:, or vehicles built to remove trash from waterways.
23:
The maritime transport is a part of the blue economy.
1483:"The 2018 Annual Economic Report on EU Blue Economy"
1207:
the blue economy employed 3,362,510 people in 2014.
1752:"Robot shark fights pollution in Hudson River Park"
1388:Sharafuddin, Mohammed Ali; Madhavan, Meena (2020).
1387:
1284:
Coastal, marine and maritime tourism (Blue Tourism)
1210:
1223:that have been rapidly degrading ocean resources.
3082:
1649:Clean oceans and the blue economy Overview 2023
2901:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
1552:Human Nature – Conservation International Blog
1194:. Blue economy also attempts to embrace ocean
2003:
1854:
1852:
1850:
899:
1953:Unleashing Europe's offshore wind potential
1776:"Ocean Economy Takes Center Stage at Davos"
2972:
2010:
1996:
1977:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1847:
1696:
1694:
906:
892:
2912:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
1884:
1823:
1821:
1600:Principles for a Sustainable BLUE ECONOMY
1343:Transportation, Infrastructure, and Trade
1043:Principles for a Sustainable BLUE ECONOMY
2940:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
1950:Wind EUROPE; BVGassociates (June 2017).
1646:Bank, European Investment (2023-08-17).
1546:
1069:
18:
1700:
1691:
929:, preservation and regeneration of the
3083:
2510:Corporate environmental responsibility
1891:Maritime Affairs – European Commission
1818:
1991:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1144:is a critical approach examining how
2883:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
1799:
1645:
1593:
1591:
1508:
1506:
1383:
1381:
1430:
13:
2525:Environmental full-cost accounting
2017:
1915:
1152:are affected by blue economy and "
1065:
961:, marine ecosystem services (i.e.
941:approach to coastal resources and
14:
3122:
2459:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
1701:Purcell, Nicolette (2023-05-30).
1626:"The EU Blue economy report 2023"
1588:
1519:"Blue economy | The Commonwealth"
1503:
1378:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3020:
2971:
2960:
2959:
2929:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
1606:. World Wildlife Fund. p. 2
1166:UN Sustainable Development Goals
1134:This section is an excerpt from
1099:
1090:
1060:
873:
861:
46:
2515:Corporate social responsibility
2444:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2383:Community-supported agriculture
2068:Human impact on the environment
1959:. Brussels, Belgium. p. 16
1943:
1903:
1878:
1793:
1768:
1744:
1719:
1666:
1639:
1547:Bertazzo, Sophie (2018-03-07).
1211:Disadvantages of a Blue Economy
1128:
1016:The Center for the Blue Economy
148:Concepts, theory and techniques
2755:Socially responsible marketing
1618:
1564:
1540:
1475:
1449:
1433:"Diving into the blue economy"
1424:
1172:, coastal and marine tourism,
1119:
984:
1:
2946:Sustainable Development Goals
2750:Socially responsible business
1731:Great Barrier Reef Foundation
1572:"Our History and Methodology"
1372:
1031:, of which one goal, 14, is "
1029:Sustainable Development Goals
1652:. European Investment Bank.
1184:
7:
3096:Schools of economic thought
2775:Sustainability organization
2560:Standards and certification
2151:Social return on investment
1866:. European Commission. 2014
1703:"What is the Blue Economy?"
1674:"The Ocean Economy in 2030"
1457:"What is the Blue Economy?"
1353:
10:
3127:
2200:Systemic change resistance
1237:
1226:The lack of investment in
1133:
1010:Conservation International
976:
2955:
2866:
2803:
2575:
2502:
2411:
2378:Climate-smart agriculture
2363:
2335:
2292:
2246:
2213:
2086:
2043:
2025:
1332:Existence of biodiversity
935:international development
2520:Environmental accounting
2269:Sustainable architecture
2259:Environmental technology
1885:Anonymous (2016-09-28).
1515:http://www.hydrant.co.uk
1402:10.1177/0972150920966885
959:coastal renewable energy
136:JEL classification codes
2393:Sustainable agriculture
1110:sustainable development
1019:developing countries."
1004:Commonwealth of Nations
939:sustainable development
322:Industrial organization
179:Computational economics
2936:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
2805:Sustainable management
2790:Urban drainage systems
2530:Environmental planning
2494:Water recycling shower
2484:Tidal stream generator
2279:Sustainable industries
2238:Sustainable population
2223:Demographic transition
2205:Tragedy of the commons
1394:Global Business Review
1246:(fish farms, but also
1075:
174:Experimental economics
24:
2828:Humanistic capitalism
2643:Environmental finance
2284:Sustainable packaging
1150:small-scale fisheries
1073:
22:
2795:Urban infrastructure
2489:Water heat recycling
2312:Conservation biology
2156:Steady-state economy
2131:Micro-sustainability
2116:Ecological footprint
2073:Planetary boundaries
1396:: 0972150920966885.
1322:Carbon sequestration
1170:industrial fisheries
1114:ecological economics
401:Social choice theory
2896:Earth Summit (1992)
2550:Metrics and indices
2403:Sustainable fishery
2322:Holocene extinction
2141:Product stewardship
2111:Earth Overshoot Day
1523:thecommonwealth.org
1349:and Pharmaceuticals
1340:Responsible Tourism
1299:Offshore wind power
1039:World Wildlife Fund
997:European Commission
868:Business portal
189:Operations research
169:National accounting
3111:Resource economics
3101:Industrial ecology
2355:Sustainable energy
2317:Endangered species
2274:Sustainable design
2188:Consumer behaviour
1326:Coastal protection
1280:Maritime transport
1254:Ocean conservation
1196:ecosystem services
1076:
1041:begins its report
955:maritime transport
937:when describing a
931:marine environment
199:Industrial complex
194:Middle income trap
25:
3106:Natural resources
3008:
3007:
2934:Earth Summit 2002
2917:Lisbon Principles
2889:Our Common Future
2567:Sustainable yield
2373:Civic agriculture
2126:Green consumption
2063:Global governance
1659:978-92-861-5518-5
1496:978-92-79-81757-1
1431:Nations, United.
1336:Ocean development
1288:Mineral resources
1178:energy production
1053:According to the
989:According to the
943:ocean development
916:
915:
3118:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3025:
3024:
3016:
2975:
2974:
2963:
2962:
2907:Agenda 21 (1992)
2878:
2843:Natural resource
2730:Organic movement
2705:Impact investing
2424:Hydroelectricity
2398:Sustainable diet
2350:Renewable energy
2345:Carbon footprint
2327:Invasive species
2264:Natural building
2215:World population
2176:Marketing myopia
2136:Over-consumption
2106:Circular economy
2101:Anti-consumerism
2058:Environmentalism
2012:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1926:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1806:www.examrace.com
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1525:. Archived from
1510:
1501:
1500:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1385:
1360:The Blue Economy
1148:communities and
1033:life below water
925:relating to the
908:
901:
894:
880:Money portal
878:
877:
876:
866:
865:
362:Natural resource
154:Economic systems
50:
27:
26:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3075:Systems science
3069:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3011:
3009:
3004:
2951:
2876:
2868:
2867:Agreements and
2862:
2799:
2603:Climate finance
2571:
2498:
2454:Reclaimed water
2407:
2359:
2331:
2288:
2242:
2228:Family planning
2209:
2082:
2039:
2021:
2016:
1986:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1780:Grit Daily News
1774:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1699:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1429:
1425:
1386:
1379:
1375:
1356:
1240:
1221:economic trends
1213:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1139:
1131:
1122:
1102:
1093:
1068:
1066:Blue Technology
1063:
987:
979:
912:
874:
872:
860:
853:
852:
823:
813:
812:
811:
810:
574:von Böhm-Bawerk
462:
451:
450:
212:
204:
203:
159:Economic growth
149:
141:
140:
82:
80:classifications
17:
12:
11:
5:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3078:
3077:
3065:
3063:Earth sciences
3053:
3041:
3029:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2969:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2943:
2942:(Rio+20, 2012)
2937:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2688:Infrastructure
2685:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Eco-capitalism
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2535:Sustainability
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2503:Accountability
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2161:Sustainability
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Anthropization
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:Sustainability
2015:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1942:
1914:
1902:
1877:
1846:
1835:. 10 July 2015
1817:
1792:
1767:
1743:
1718:
1690:
1665:
1658:
1638:
1617:
1587:
1563:
1539:
1502:
1495:
1487:European Union
1474:
1461:THE WORLD BANK
1448:
1437:United Nations
1423:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:Waste disposal
1327:
1324:
1319:
1310:
1296:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Bioprospecting
1262:
1256:
1251:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1212:
1209:
1205:European Union
1192:bioprospecting
1186:
1183:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1024:United Nations
986:
983:
978:
975:
971:bioprospecting
914:
913:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
885:
884:
883:
882:
870:
855:
854:
851:
850:
845:
835:
830:
824:
819:
818:
815:
814:
809:
808:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
464:
463:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
367:Organizational
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
211:By application
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
60:
52:
51:
43:
42:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3123:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2923:Earth Charter
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Environmental
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Refurbishment
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Organizations
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Green economy
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Eco-socialism
2631:
2629:
2628:Eco-investing
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:Disinvestment
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Marine energy
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Cultured meat
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Simple living
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1980:
1974:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1860:"BLUE GROWTH"
1855:
1853:
1851:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1708:
1707:Blue Robotics
1704:
1697:
1695:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1529:on 2018-10-19
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1463:. 6 June 2017
1462:
1458:
1452:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1347:Biotechnology
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:biotechnology
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1229:
1228:human capital
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:green economy
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:green economy
1100:Green economy
1097:
1091:Ocean economy
1088:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1061:Related terms
1058:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
992:
982:
974:
972:
968:
967:seabed mining
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
921:is a term in
920:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
887:
886:
881:
871:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
856:
849:
846:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
817:
816:
807:
806:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
469:de Mandeville
467:
466:
461:
455:
454:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
398:
397:Public choice
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:Participation
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Institutional
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:Expeditionary
280:
278:
275:
273:
272:Environmental
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
208:
207:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
145:
144:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
103:
102:International
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:Branches and
75:
74:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
21:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2964:
2888:
2653:Construction
2576:Applications
2294:Biodiversity
2053:Anthropocene
1961:. Retrieved
1952:
1945:
1936:
1905:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1863:
1837:. Retrieved
1832:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1795:
1784:. Retrieved
1782:. 2019-02-09
1779:
1770:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:
1746:
1735:. Retrieved
1733:. 2023-01-09
1730:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1599:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:
1566:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1527:the original
1522:
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1426:
1393:
1313:Shipbuilding
1293:Offshore oil
1275:Desalination
1214:
1201:
1188:
1142:Blue Justice
1136:Blue justice
1129:Blue justice
1123:
1103:
1094:
1077:
1074:low-cost ROV
1052:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1001:
995:
988:
980:
927:exploitation
919:Blue economy
918:
917:
838:Publications
803:
426:Sociological
399: /
297:Geographical
277:Evolutionary
252:Digitization
217:Agricultural
121:Mathematical
92:Econometrics
3091:Blue carbon
3039:Environment
2869:conferences
2740:Procurement
2683:Development
2583:Advertising
2545:Measurement
2479:Tidal power
2474:Small hydro
2439:Micro hydro
2302:Biosecurity
2254:Appropriate
2183:Sustainable
2166:Advertising
2088:Consumption
2078:Development
1939:: ix. 2017.
1489:: 5. 2018.
1317:Ship repair
1248:algaculture
1244:Aquaculture
1174:aquaculture
1158:sustainable
1154:blue growth
1120:Blue growth
985:Definitions
963:blue carbon
951:aquaculture
674:von Neumann
327:Information
267:Engineering
247:Development
242:Demographic
184:Game theory
126:Methodology
3085:Categories
2760:Sanitation
2715:Livelihood
2638:Ecovillage
2623:Eco-cities
2540:Accounting
2449:Pico hydro
2429:Hydropower
2247:Technology
2045:Principles
1937:World Bank
1896:2018-10-11
1811:2018-10-11
1800:Examrace.
1786:2020-01-18
1761:2024-01-12
1737:2024-01-12
1712:2024-01-12
1581:2018-10-11
1557:2018-10-11
1533:2018-10-11
1442:2024-03-23
1373:References
991:World Bank
833:Economists
704:Schumacher
609:Schumpeter
579:von Wieser
499:von Thünen
460:economists
436:Statistics
431:Solidarity
352:Managerial
317:Humanistic
312:Historical
257:Ecological
222:Behavioral
116:Mainstream
2853:Recycling
2848:Planetary
2838:Materials
2833:Landscape
2818:Fisheries
2785:Transport
2710:Landscape
2693:Marketing
2668:Gardening
2608:Community
2555:Reporting
2419:Footprint
2307:Biosphere
1973:cite book
1683:24 August
1418:228811331
1410:0972-1509
1258:Maritime
1185:Potential
947:fisheries
923:economics
749:Greenspan
714:Samuelson
694:Galbraith
664:Tinbergen
604:von Mises
599:Heckscher
559:Edgeworth
377:Personnel
337:Knowledge
302:Happiness
292:Financial
262:Education
237:Democracy
131:Political
97:Heterodox
40:Economics
2966:Category
2765:Sourcing
2700:Greening
2593:Business
2469:Security
2464:Scarcity
1678:OECD.org
1354:See also
1219:Current
1164:and the
842:journals
828:Glossary
779:Stiglitz
744:Rothbard
724:Buchanan
709:Friedman
699:Koopmans
689:Leontief
669:Robinson
554:Marshall
458:Notable
406:Regional
382:Planning
357:Monetary
287:Feminist
232:Cultural
227:Business
32:a series
30:Part of
3051:Ecology
3013:Portals
2999:Degrees
2992:Studies
2985:Science
2780:Tourism
2673:Geopark
2663:Finance
2658:Fashion
2233:Control
2121:Ethical
2030:Outline
1756:ny1.com
1295:and gas
1270:Fishing
1238:Sectors
1146:coastal
977:History
848:Schools
840: (
799:Piketty
794:Krugman
659:Kuznets
649:Kalecki
624:Polanyi
514:Cournot
509:Bastiat
494:Ricardo
484:Malthus
474:Quesnay
446:Welfare
416:Service
87:Applied
63:Outline
58:History
3027:Energy
2948:(2015)
2925:(2000)
2919:(1997)
2903:(1992)
2891:(1987)
2823:Forest
2725:Market
2720:Living
2337:Energy
2193:Market
1963:14 May
1870:14 May
1839:14 May
1656:
1610:14 May
1493:
1467:14 May
1416:
1408:
1301:(also
1176:, and
1085:corals
969:, and
784:Thaler
764:Ostrom
759:Becker
754:Sowell
734:Baumol
639:Myrdal
634:Sraffa
629:Frisch
619:Knight
614:Keynes
589:Fisher
584:Veblen
569:Pareto
549:Menger
544:George
539:Jevons
534:Walras
524:Gossen
392:Public
387:Policy
342:Labour
307:Health
164:Market
2978:Lists
2858:Waste
2770:Space
2678:Green
2412:Water
2171:Brand
2035:Index
1957:(PDF)
1933:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1604:(PDF)
1414:S2CID
1303:tidal
821:Lists
789:Hoppe
774:Lucas
739:Solow
729:Arrow
719:Simon
684:Lange
679:Hicks
654:Röpke
644:Hayek
594:Pigou
564:Clark
479:Smith
441:Urban
421:Socio
411:Rural
111:Macro
107:Micro
68:Index
2598:City
2365:Food
1979:link
1965:2018
1872:2018
1864:Mare
1841:2018
1685:2023
1654:ISBN
1612:2018
1491:ISBN
1469:2018
1406:ISSN
1315:and
1307:wave
1305:and
1104:The
1081:ROVs
1002:The
805:more
529:Marx
519:Mill
504:List
2588:Art
1833:WWF
1398:doi
1035:".
965:),
769:Sen
489:Say
347:Law
3087::
1975:}}
1971:{{
1935:.
1917:^
1889:.
1862:.
1849:^
1831:.
1820:^
1804:.
1778:.
1754:.
1729:.
1705:.
1693:^
1676:.
1631:.
1590:^
1574:.
1521:.
1505:^
1485:.
1459:.
1435:.
1412:.
1404:.
1392:.
1380:^
1022:A
973:.
953:,
949:,
109:/
34:on
3015::
2011:e
2004:t
1997:v
1981:)
1967:.
1899:.
1874:.
1843:.
1814:.
1789:.
1764:.
1740:.
1715:.
1687:.
1662:.
1635:.
1614:.
1584:.
1560:.
1536:.
1513:(
1499:.
1471:.
1445:.
1420:.
1400::
1309:)
1250:)
1138:.
907:e
900:t
893:v
844:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
