939:
995:
811:
1840:
1373:
1419:
1506:
957:
307:
124:
1407:
799:
1338:
1443:
534:
1318:
1455:
779:
518:
1049:
1773:
1709:
246:
976:
1675:
835:
710:
671:
1354:
694:
1104:
3097:
1490:
3105:
1088:
863:
554:
1757:
1690:
574:
1163:
851:
363:
726:
1884:
1537:
1072:
923:
1172:
1431:
1860:
1139:
2628:
1900:
1920:
48:
594:
1746:. Such is the persistence of the willow pattern that it is difficult to date the piece shown with any precision; it is possibly quite recent but similar wares have been produced by English factories in huge numbers over long periods and are still being made today. The willow pattern, said to tell the sad story of a pair of star-crossed lovers, was an entirely European design, though one that was strongly influenced in style by design features borrowed from
606:
443:: after the porcelain body was dried, decorated with refined cobalt-blue pigment mixed with water and applied using a brush, it was coated with a clear glaze and fired at high temperature. From the 16th century, local sources of cobalt blue started to be developed, although Persian cobalt remained the most expensive. Production of blue and white wares has continued at
810:
1816:
abruptly ceased trade with the outside world, creating a commercial vacuum that allowed
Vietnamese blue-and-white ceramics to monopolize the markets for sometimes, especially in Maritime Southeast Asia. Vietnamese wares of this era have been found all over Asia, from Japan, throughout Southeast Asia
1796:
is thought to be the beginnings of
Vietnamese blue-and-white production. However, the 15th-century Chinese occupation of Vietnam (1407–27) is considered to be the main period of Chinese influence on Vietnamese ceramics. During this period, Vietnamese potters readily adopted cobalt underglaze, which
911:
kiln could not yet supply enough quality porcelain to the Dutch East India
Company, but they quickly expanded their capacity. From 1659–1740, the Arita kilns were able to export enormous quantities of porcelain to Europe and Asia. Gradually the Chinese kilns recovered, and by about 1740 the first
428:. Cobalt was so prized that manufacturers in Jingdezhen considered cobalt a precious commodity with about twice the value of gold. Motifs also draw inspiration from Islamic decorations. A large portion of these blue-and-white wares were then shipped to Southwest-Asian markets through the
652:. Initially copper and iron reds were the most common, but these were much more difficult to fire reliably than cobalt blue, and produced a very high rate of mis-fired wares, where a dull grey replaced the intended red. Such experiments continued over the following centuries, with the
938:
899:
government stopped trade by closing its ports. Chinese exports almost ceased and other sources were needed to fulfill the continuing
Eurasian demand for blue and white. In Japan, Chinese potter refugees were able to introduce refined porcelain techniques and enamel glazes to the
2497:
1839:
1505:
338:
blue-and-white and was unknown before 1985. The Tang pieces are not porcelain however, but rather earthenwares with greenish white slip, using cobalt blue pigments. The only three pieces of complete "Tang blue and white" in the world were recovered from
1372:
994:
1619:, nearly forty years after Meissen, Oriental blue and white wares provided the inspiration for much of the decoration used. Hand-painted and transfer-printed wares were made at Worcester and at other early English factories in a style known as
353:
Textual and archaeological evidence suggests that blue-and-white wares may have been produced during the Song dynasty, although the identification of Song dynasty blue-and-white pieces remains the subject of disagreement among experts.
798:
1337:
956:
894:
book illustrations. European symbols and scenes coexisted with
Chinese scenes for these objects. In the 1640s, rebellions in China and wars between the Ming dynasty and the Manchus damaged many kilns, and in 1656–1684 the new
533:
1418:
390:
dated 1351, which are cornerstones for this chronology. There are still those arguing that early pieces are mis-dated, and in fact go back to the
Southern Song, but most scholars continue to reject this view.
474:
The true development of
Chinese blue and white ware started with the first half of the 14th century, when it progressively replaced the centuries-long tradition of (normally) unpainted bluish-white southern
1859:
1406:
1303:
for political gifts rather than trade, made much porcelain only with blue, but also used blue heavily in its polychrome wares, where the decoration of the sides of dishes is typically only in blue.
2170:
Kessler is a book devoted to arguing for earlier dates, as summarized in the
Introduction. For earlier 20th century views, see p. 3 in particular. See Medley, p. 176 for a rejection of such dates.
1317:
778:
237:
and after the techniques were discovered in the 18th century, European porcelain. Blue and white pottery in all of these traditions continues to be produced, most of it copying earlier styles.
1772:
1708:
191:, though other methods of application have also been used. The cobalt pigment is one of the very few that can withstand the highest firing temperatures that are required, in particular for
1276:
The
Japanese were early admirers of Chinese blue and white and, despite the difficulties of obtaining cobalt (from Iran via China), soon produced their own blue and white wares, usually in
1048:
517:
975:
1442:
1103:
862:
217:
In China, a style of decoration based on sinuous plant forms spreading across the object was perfected and most commonly used. Blue and white decoration first became widely used in
1400:, 1392–1897. In vases, the typical wide shoulders of the shapes preferred in Korea allowed for expansive painting. Dragon and flowering branches were among the popular subjects.
1919:
768:
style had developed. This was by
Chinese standards a rather low-quality but showy style, usually in blue and white, that became very popular in Europe, and can be seen in many
1689:
1658:
blue and white ceramics taking their designs from Chinese export porcelains made for the Dutch market were made in large numbers throughout the 17th Century. Blue and white
641:(格古要論) in fact described blue as well as multi-coloured wares as "exceedingly vulgar". Blue and white porcelain however came back to prominence in the 15th century with the
1674:
1899:
709:
670:
886:
style, mostly in blue and white greatly expanded the range of imagery used, taking scenes from literature, groups of figures and wide landscapes, often borrowing from
693:
1489:
553:
922:
1392:
The Koreans began to produce blue and white porcelain in the early 15th century, with the decoration influenced by Chinese styles. Later some blue and white
3096:
1883:
573:
1454:
834:
2024:
1756:
1353:
1087:
306:
214:-era pieces have been found in present-day Iraq dating to the 9th century A.D., decades after the opening of a direct sea route from Iraq to China.
1750:
of the 18th century. The willow pattern was, in turn, copied by Chinese potters, but with the decoration hand painted rather than transfer-printed.
1071:
504:, but this was not used by the court. For the first time in centuries the new blue and white appealed to the taste of the Mongol rulers of China.
386:
period, but consensus now agrees that these wares began to be made around 1300-1320, and were fully developed by the mid-century, as shown by the
123:
310:
A blue and white stoneware plate with floral motif (cobalt-blue pigment over white slip), manufactured in kilns in Gongxian, Henan. Found in the
1218:
Chinese blue and white ware became extremely popular in the Middle-East from the 14th century, where both Chinese and Islamic types coexisted.
850:
907:
From 1658, the Dutch East India Company looked to Japan for blue-and-white porcelain to sell in Europe. Initially, the Arita kilns like the
210:
sought to imitate imported white Chinese stoneware with their own tin-glazed, white pottery and added decorative motifs in blue glazes. Such
3354:
1536:
3256:
3241:
447:
to this day. Blue and white porcelain made at Jingdezhen probably reached the height of its technical excellence during the reign of the
3104:
725:
2584:
637:
Emperors, as being too foreign in inspiration. Blue and white ware did not accord with Chinese taste at that time, the early Ming work
1969:
1042:
and other palettes, top-quality blue and white wares for the court and elite domestic markets continued to be produced at Jingdezhen.
1797:
had already gained popularity in export markets in the Muslim world. Vietnamese blue-and-white wares sometimes featured two types of
3695:
3666:
2388:
2000:
1615:
Early English porcelain wares were also influenced by Chinese wares and when, for example, the production of porcelain started at
3266:
2114:
1589:
in 1707. The detailed secrets of Chinese hard-paste porcelain technique were transmitted to Europe through the efforts of the
3701:
3558:
2974:
2556:
2514:
2487:
2335:
2070:
1129:
3769:
3486:
2086:
A Landmark in the History of Chinese Ceramics: The Invention of Blue-and-white Porcelain in the Tang Dynasty (618–907 A.D.)
3719:
1475:
Chinese blue-and-white ware were copied in Europe from the 16th century, with the faience blue-and-white technique called
497:. There was already a considerable tradition of painted Chinese ceramics, mainly represented at that time by the popular
3426:
2934:
245:
3640:
3630:
1950:
3408:
3713:
3662:
3378:
3075:
2820:
1268:. The Ming "grape" design in particular was highly popular and was extensively reproduced under the Ottoman Empire.
1594:
1018:
745:
Some blue and white wares of the 16th century were characterized by Islamic influences, such as the ware under the
648:
In this century a number of experiments were made combining underglaze blue and other colours, both underglaze and
424:, "Islamic blue" or “Muslim blue”), combined with the translucent white quality of Chinese porcelain, derived from
2220:
1430:
3444:
28:
3432:
1662:
was itself extensively copied by factories in other European countries, including England, where it is known as
1479:. Soon after the first experiments to reproduce the material of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain were made with
511:. Various forms and decorations were highly influenced by China, but later developed its own forms and styles.
3129:
2577:
2532:
2360:
3492:
3402:
3069:
2123:
1647:, and still using cobalt oxide, found a new approach to blue and white ceramics, and remains popular today.
1292:, specialized in blue and white, and made little else. A high proportion of wares from about 1660-1740 were
2436:
3677:
3522:
3203:
2351:
Krahl, Regina (1997). "Vietnamese Blue-and-White and Related Wares". In Stevenson, John; Guy, John (eds.).
1600:
The early wares were strongly influenced by Chinese and other Oriental porcelains and an early pattern was
2423:
2148:
3552:
2550:
2544:
1926:
3635:
3764:
3540:
3360:
1910:
1874:
1483:. These early works seem to be mixing influences from Islamic as well as Chinese blue-and-white wares.
2437:"The International Ceramics Trade and Social Change in the Red River Delta in the Early Modern Period"
3725:
3342:
3134:
2712:
2570:
1818:
1570:
By the beginning of the 17th century Chinese blue and white porcelain was being exported directly to
1293:
769:
394:
In the early 14th century, mass-production of fine, translucent, blue and white porcelain started at
2085:
1574:. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Oriental blue and white porcelain was highly prized in Europe and
195:, which partly accounts for its long-lasting popularity. Historically, many other colours required
2969:
2801:
2758:
1747:
1162:
1078:
1026:
879:
761:
24:
593:
362:
2927:
1850:
1801:: Middle Eastern cobalt yielded a vivid blue but was more expensive than the darker cobalt from
605:
3480:
3450:
3226:
2753:
1945:
944:
883:
868:
Ming dynasty export porcelain highlighted in the CCCM Museum (Macau Museum) in Lisbon, Portugal
3689:
2412:
2312:
2286:
2230:
2060:
2047:
1578:
and sometimes enhanced by fine silver and gold mounts, it was collected by kings and princes.
3420:
3366:
3348:
3300:
2268:
2104:
1700:
183:. The decoration was commonly applied by hand, originally by brush painting, but nowadays by
3528:
2158:
2133:
1976:
1866:
3707:
3671:
3625:
3594:
3584:
3579:
3033:
2617:
2048:
Lazaward (Lajvard) and Zaffer Cobalt Oxide in Islamic and Western Lustre Glass and Ceramics
1022:
490:
196:
3372:
1171:
334:, although only shards have been discovered. Tang period blue-and-white is more rare than
8:
3546:
3336:
3324:
1906:
1739:
1632:
2213:
2118:
1870:
804:
Blue and white porcelain box, with Arabic and Persian inscriptions, Zhengde (1506-1521).
322:
The first Chinese blue and white wares were produced as early as the seventh century in
3759:
3737:
3731:
3390:
3384:
2920:
2458:
2392:
2004:
1809:
1616:
1277:
916:
also became a competitor, using styles frankly imitative of the East Asian decoration.
629:
in 1368, blue and white ware was shunned for a time by the Court, especially under the
343:
311:
1017:
continued to be produced for the European markets. Partly as a result of the work of
3645:
3604:
3462:
3414:
3306:
2528:
2510:
2483:
2462:
2356:
2331:
2066:
1729:
1664:
1624:
1605:
891:
649:
507:
Blue and white ware also began making its appearance in Japan, where it was known as
476:
221:
in the 14th century, after the cobalt pigment for the blue began to be imported from
218:
211:
1146:
3516:
3474:
3456:
3330:
3312:
3288:
3261:
3081:
3063:
2964:
2859:
2778:
2773:
2657:
2627:
2593:
2448:
1846:
1609:
1565:
1480:
1138:
1062:
1055:
1030:
1014:
887:
785:
750:
544:
494:
226:
180:
140:
93:
62:
1233:
also started to appear in the ceramic productions of the Near-East, especially in
1133:
1025:
in which the details of Chinese porcelain manufacture were transmitted to Europe,
3683:
3504:
3396:
3294:
3156:
3051:
2748:
2743:
2612:
2504:
2099:"Song blue-and-white was rare enough, but Tang blue-and-white was unheard of" in
1890:
825:
789:
746:
469:
379:
371:
283:
2247:
1925:
Dish with phoenix and grapes decoration, Later Lê dynasty period, 15th century.
1817:(Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines), to the Middle East (the Arabian port of
402:
of China. This development was due to the combination of Chinese techniques and
3599:
3468:
3161:
3045:
2879:
2300:
1940:
1779:
1763:
1734:
1715:
1680:
1511:
1397:
1363:
1359:
1300:
1260:. Chinese designs were extremely influential with the pottery manufacturers at
1253:
1209:
1192:
985:
966:
912:
period of Japanese export porcelain had all but ceased. From about 1640 Dutch
732:
716:
700:
684:
642:
634:
448:
188:
2453:
3753:
3510:
3271:
2997:
2979:
2872:
2865:
2607:
1743:
1628:
1230:
841:
1036:
Though polychrome decoration in overglaze enamels was now perfected, in the
3609:
3027:
2738:
2652:
2059:
Bekken, Deborah A.; Niziolek, Lisa C.; Feinman, Gary M. (1 February 2018).
1813:
1793:
1523:
1222:
1142:
1059:
1038:
982:
963:
896:
681:
626:
584:
564:
540:
452:
383:
367:
335:
331:
315:
275:
100:
53:
3318:
286:
during the Abbasid Caliphate, during which time the cobalt was mined near
3220:
3176:
3171:
3057:
2853:
2848:
2768:
2707:
2702:
2687:
2662:
1826:
1798:
1655:
1636:
1620:
1379:
1347:
blue and white underglaze porcelain tankard with Dutch silver lid of 1690
1304:
1289:
1245:
612:
501:
387:
378:
In the early 20th century, the development of the classic blue and white
263:
255:
230:
47:
2494:
Japanese Art from the Gerry Collection in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1396:
was also made. The historical production therefore all falls under the
1280:, which began to be produced around 1600. As a group, these are called
3589:
3151:
2763:
1812:
province was the major ceramic manufacturer From 1436 to 1465, China’s
1644:
1547:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1285:
1184:
948:
929:
901:
765:
677:
580:
560:
524:
444:
395:
252:
172:
3021:
3015:
2943:
2825:
2733:
2728:
2682:
2677:
2667:
1696:
1659:
1518:
1393:
1308:
1284:(染付). Much of this production is covered by the vague regional term
1249:
1244:
Chinese porcelain of the 14th or 15th century was transmitted to the
1094:
1000:
913:
878:
During the 17th century, numerous blue and white pieces were made as
757:
script, due to the influence of Muslim eunuchs serving at his court.
664:
techniques combining underglaze blue and other colours in overglaze.
498:
486:
433:
347:
340:
274:
Blue glazes were first developed by ancient Mesopotamians to imitate
234:
192:
168:
128:
1029:
soon shrank considerably, especially by the end of the reign of the
3438:
3166:
3009:
2692:
2642:
2562:
1830:
1640:
1575:
1496:
1150:
1110:
908:
350:. It appears that the technique was forgotten for some centuries.
20:
2424:
Early History and Distribution of Trade Ceramics in Southeast Asia
489:
from the north. The best, and quickly the main production was in
3534:
3498:
3003:
2893:
2886:
2697:
2672:
2647:
1792:
A migration of Chinese potters to neighboring Vietnam during the
1586:
1582:
1527:
1514:
1382:, water jar (for tea ceremony) with bamboo, 1st half 18th century
1257:
1226:
1221:
From the 13th century, Chinese pictorial designs, such as flying
1188:
821:
481:
403:
249:
184:
176:
164:
772:
of the century following; it was soon widely imitated locally.
2900:
2831:
2814:
2795:
1802:
1728:
The plate shown in the illustration (left) is decorated, using
1590:
1571:
1265:
1205:
754:
654:
630:
429:
425:
411:
407:
287:
279:
222:
148:
163:'Blue flowers/patterns') covers a wide range of white
2807:
1651:
1551:
1261:
1238:
1234:
1201:
660:
327:
323:
295:
207:
199:
and then a second firing at a lower temperature to fix that.
2912:
2553:- Unique content and discussion on porcelain and collecting.
2525:
The Chinese Potter: A Practical History of Chinese Ceramics
1822:
1109:
Flask with blue and red underglaze, a difficult technique,
458:
291:
259:
225:. It was widely exported, and inspired imitative wares in
203:
1639:
made especially heavy use of blue and white. By the 1770s
2434:
2316:
National Gallery of Art (U.S.), Rudolf Distelberger p.238
2101:
Chinese glazes: their origins, chemistry, and recreation
366:
Early Chinese blue and white porcelain, c. 1335, in the
2480:
The Pilgrim Art. Cultures of Porcelain in World History
1311:
are more popular wares mostly using in blue and white.
523:
Early blue and white ware, first half of 14th century,
406:
trade. The new ware was made possible by the export of
1650:
Many other European factories followed this trend. In
2207:
2205:
2203:
2058:
105:
2369:
932:
dish of typical shape. Width: 18 5/8 in. (47.3 cm).
764:trade with Europe had developed, and the so-called
2200:
1612:was also strongly influenced by Chinese designs.
2295:
2293:
2001:"Iraq and China: Ceramics, Trade, and Innovation"
1738:and was made by Royal Stafford; a factory in the
1581:The European manufacture of porcelain started at
3751:
3100:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
1865:Blue and white bowl with dragon texture, during
1412:Mid-15th century vase, National Treasure No. 219
202:The origin of the blue glazes thought to lie in
1424:Lidded pot with plum blossom, National Treasure
301:
2506:Song Blue and White Porcelain on the Silk Road
2435:Ueda Shinya; Nishino Noriko (4 October 2017).
2290:
2283:Medieval Islamic civilization: an encyclopedia
1183:: Ming plate with grape design, 15th century,
2928:
2578:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2034:
2032:
1683:porcelain with French silver mount, 1717-1722
419:
67:
2492:Ford, Barbara Brennan, and Oliver R. Impey,
2065:. University of Chicago Press. p. 274.
1559:
278:, which was a highly prized stone. Later, a
1778:Blue and white faience with Chinese scene,
1714:Blue and white faience with Chinese scene,
981:Export porcelain vase with European scene,
856:Blue and white jar, Ming Wanli (1573-1620).
645:, and again developed from that time on.
357:
158:
2935:
2921:
2585:
2571:
2320:
2285:by Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach p.143
2173:
2029:
1448:Porcelain dish with cloud and crane design
46:
2452:
2355:. Art Media Resources. pp. 148–149.
2353:Vietnamese Ceramics: A Separate Tradition
2243:
2241:
2239:
947:brush pot with episode from the story of
240:
1970:""Tang Blue-and-White," by Regina Krahl"
1699:depicting Chinese scenes, 18th century.
1327:dish, c. 1680, imitating Chinese export
1288:, but some kilns, like the high-quality
1137:
459:Evolution of Chinese blue and white ware
361:
305:
244:
122:
23:'s song with the same Chinese name, see
2502:
2226:
2211:
2154:
2129:
1003:bottle, c. 1675, tin-glazed earthenware
3752:
3267:Chinese porcelain in European painting
2413:Vietnamese Ceramics in the Malay World
2236:
2212:Gessert, Richard (February 15, 2022).
2095:
2093:
1604:, which is still in production at the
1200:: Stone-paste dish with grape design,
715:Blue and white vase, Jingdezhen, Ming
543:(1271-1368), Jingdezhen, unearthed in
2975:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
2916:
2566:
2375:
2350:
2303:"Islamic Art Room" permanent exhibit.
1909:, a local folk animal, 15th century.
1130:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
699:Blue and white jar, Jingdezhen, Ming
439:Chinese blue and white porcelain was
19:"Blue-and-white" redirects here. For
2592:
2496:, 1989, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
2276:
1889:Plate with blue and white patterns,
1845:Vietnamese blue and white stem cup,
1256:either through gifts or through war
1145:blue-and-white plate, 16th century (
2636:Earthenwares, stonewares and others
2559:from The Metropolitan Museum of Art
2272:William T. Rowe, Timothy Brook p.84
2270:China's last empire: the great Qing
2090:
1470:
760:By the end of the century, a large
229:, and in Japan, and later European
13:
3631:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
3103:
3095:
2328:Orientalism in Early Modern France
1951:Orientalism in early modern France
1123:
749:(1506–1521), which sometimes bore
258:, with blue and white decoration,
14:
3781:
3076:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
2821:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
2538:
2482:. University of California Press
962:Blue and white export porcelain,
382:porcelain was dated to the early
131:vase in a Japanese style, c. 1680
3690:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
3108:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
2626:
2545:Chinese Blue and White Porcelain
2338:, Berg Publishing, Oxford, p.220
1918:
1898:
1882:
1858:
1838:
1771:
1755:
1707:
1688:
1673:
1535:
1504:
1488:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1371:
1352:
1336:
1316:
1299:The most exclusive kiln, making
1170:
1161:
1118:
1102:
1086:
1070:
1047:
993:
974:
955:
937:
921:
861:
849:
833:
809:
797:
777:
724:
708:
692:
669:
604:
592:
572:
552:
532:
516:
2503:Kessler, Adam Theodore (2012).
2441:Asian Review of World Histories
2428:
2417:
2406:
2381:
2344:
2306:
2262:
2253:
2216:. The Art Institute of Chicago.
2164:
2139:
2062:China: Visions through the Ages
1762:A blue and white Staffordshire
1008:
873:
740:
620:
463:
29:Blue and white (disambiguation)
2557:A Handbook of Chinese Ceramics
2527:, 3rd edition, 1989, Phaidon,
2326:Baghdiantz McCabe, Ina (2008)
2108:
2079:
2052:
2041:
2018:
1993:
1962:
1905:Ewer in shape of a Vietnamese
1608:today. The first phase of the
882:for the European markets. the
153:
106:
68:
1:
3696:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
3641:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
2942:
2472:
1825:, Syria, Turkey, Egypt), and
1595:Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles
1021:however, an early example of
1019:Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles
539:Blue and white vase from the
282:blue glaze became popular in
3678:Dresden Porcelain Collection
1027:Chinese exports of porcelain
302:Tang and Song blue-and-white
52:Chinese blue and white jar,
7:
3770:Types of pottery decoration
1934:
1927:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
1723:
1530:, 2nd half of 15th century.
1499:, 2nd half of 15th century.
10:
3786:
3720:Victoria and Albert Museum
1911:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1875:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1787:
1563:
1127:
840:Blue and white vase, Ming
770:Dutch Golden Age paintings
467:
346:in 1998 and later sold to
262:, 9th century. The Arabic
79:"blue and white porcelain"
18:
3726:Museum of Royal Worcester
3702:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
3667:Percival David Foundation
3661:British Museum (London):
3654:
3618:
3572:
3281:
3249:
3240:
3213:
3196:
3189:
3144:
3135:Japanese export porcelain
3122:
3115:
3093:
2990:
2957:
2950:
2841:
2787:
2744:Jingdezhen/Imperial wares
2721:
2635:
2624:
2600:
2454:10.1163/22879811-12340008
2447:(2). brill.com: 123–144.
2259:Ford & Impey, 126-127
1748:Chinese export porcelains
1560:Direct Chinese imitations
1465:
1460:Wine bottle, 17th century
1294:Japanese export porcelain
816:Ablution basin with word
420:
144:
117:
99:
92:
87:
83:
75:
61:
45:
41:
36:
3636:Johann Friedrich Böttger
2970:Chinese export porcelain
1956:
1869:'s years (1469-1497) of
1387:
1271:
1252:, and especially to the
1079:Chinese export porcelain
880:Chinese export porcelain
784:Blue and white jar with
762:Chinese export porcelain
358:14th-century development
37:Blue and white porcelain
25:Blue and White Porcelain
2314:Western Decorative Arts
1851:Cleveland Museum of Art
1597:between 1712 and 1722.
1436:18th-century dragon jar
625:With the advent of the
398:, sometimes called the
3109:
3101:
2547:at China Online Museum
2478:Finlay, Robert, 2010,
1946:Joseon white porcelain
1849:period, 14th century.
1154:
945:Transitional porcelain
884:Transitional porcelain
559:Blue and white plate,
375:
319:
271:
241:Origin and development
231:tin-glazed earthenware
137:Blue and white pottery
132:
27:. For other uses, see
3107:
3099:
1893:period, 16th century.
1564:Further information:
1296:, mostly for Europe.
1141:
1128:Further information:
731:Blue and white, Ming
676:Blue and white bowl,
468:Further information:
365:
314:, dated ca. 825–850,
309:
248:
126:
3672:The David Collection
3595:Overglaze decoration
3585:Hard-paste porcelain
3580:Soft-paste porcelain
2618:Green-glazed pottery
2214:"More Kinds of Blue"
1782:, France, 1680-1700.
1718:, France, 1680-1700.
1701:Musée Ernest Cognacq
1093:High-quality plate,
1013:In the 18th century
579:Blue and white jar,
491:Jingdezhen porcelain
206:, when craftsmen in
197:overglaze decoration
3529:Bing & Grøndahl
3493:Dihl & Guérhard
3391:Villeroy & Boch
2119:Belintung shipwreck
2115:curating the oceans
1808:Chu Đậu village in
1633:Lowestoft porcelain
270:, i.e. "happiness".
3738:Ludwigsburg Palace
3732:Walters Art Museum
3130:Japanese porcelain
3110:
3102:
3000:(16th century BCE)
2523:Medley, Margaret,
2389:"Chu Đậu ceramics"
1732:, with the famous
1495:Blue relief vase,
1278:Japanese porcelain
1155:
1097:reign, (1722-1735)
824:calligraphy, Ming
376:
344:Belitung shipwreck
320:
312:Belitung shipwreck
272:
133:
56:, mid-15th century
3765:Chinese porcelain
3747:
3746:
3646:Dmitry Vinogradov
3568:
3567:
3541:Wagner & Apel
3257:List of companies
3236:
3235:
3185:
3184:
3091:
3090:
3048:(14th century on)
3042:(14th century on)
3036:(11th century on)
2965:Chinese porcelain
2910:
2909:
2713:Tang tomb figures
2516:978-90-04-23127-6
2488:978-0-520-24468-9
2336:978-1-84520-374-0
2250:permanent exhibit
2072:978-0-226-45617-1
1730:transfer printing
1665:English Delftware
1625:Chelsea porcelain
1023:industrial spying
892:woodblock printed
820:(cleanliness) in
788:characters, Ming
650:overglaze enamels
599:Vase, before 1330
477:Chinese porcelain
432:traders based in
400:porcelain capital
219:Chinese porcelain
189:transfer-printing
161:
121:
120:
113:
112:
94:Standard Mandarin
3777:
3355:Saint Petersburg
3262:French porcelain
3247:
3246:
3204:Korean porcelain
3194:
3193:
3120:
3119:
2955:
2954:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2860:Five Great Kilns
2658:Longquan celadon
2630:
2594:Chinese ceramics
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2520:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2432:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2391:. Archived from
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2348:
2342:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2103:Nigel Wood p.97
2097:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2003:. Archived from
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1975:. Archived from
1974:
1966:
1922:
1902:
1886:
1871:Later Lê dynasty
1862:
1842:
1775:
1759:
1711:
1692:
1677:
1610:French porcelain
1566:French porcelain
1539:
1508:
1492:
1481:Medici porcelain
1471:Early influences
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1375:
1356:
1340:
1320:
1174:
1165:
1113:reign, 1736-1795
1106:
1090:
1074:
1051:
1031:Qianlong Emperor
1015:export porcelain
997:
978:
959:
941:
925:
888:Chinese painting
865:
853:
837:
813:
801:
781:
728:
712:
696:
673:
608:
596:
576:
556:
545:Jiangxi Province
536:
520:
495:Jiangxi Province
455:(r. 1661–1722).
423:
422:
227:Islamic ceramics
162:
159:
155:
146:
109:
108:
85:
84:
71:
70:
50:
34:
33:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3684:Gardiner Museum
3663:Asia Department
3650:
3614:
3564:
3505:Hutschenreuther
3277:
3274:
3232:
3209:
3206:
3181:
3140:
3137:
3111:
3087:
2986:
2983:
2946:
2941:
2911:
2906:
2837:
2783:
2717:
2631:
2622:
2613:Terracotta Army
2601:Ancient pottery
2596:
2591:
2551:underglazedblue
2541:
2517:
2475:
2470:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2349:
2345:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2291:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2225:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2193:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2128:
2124:
2113:
2109:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:Met description
2023:
2019:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1914:
1903:
1894:
1887:
1878:
1863:
1854:
1843:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1760:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1606:Meissen factory
1568:
1562:
1555:
1540:
1531:
1509:
1500:
1493:
1473:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1449:
1446:
1437:
1434:
1425:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1357:
1348:
1341:
1332:
1321:
1274:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1196:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1136:
1126:
1124:Islamic pottery
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1081:(18th century).
1077:Blue and white
1075:
1066:
1054:Blue and white
1052:
1011:
1004:
998:
989:
979:
970:
960:
951:
942:
933:
926:
876:
869:
866:
857:
854:
845:
838:
829:
814:
805:
802:
793:
782:
747:Zhengde Emperor
743:
736:
729:
720:
713:
704:
697:
688:
674:
623:
616:
609:
600:
597:
588:
577:
568:
557:
548:
537:
528:
521:
472:
470:Jingdezhen ware
466:
461:
380:Jingdezhen ware
372:Jingdezhen ware
360:
304:
294:, and Northern
284:Islamic pottery
243:
173:under the glaze
76:Literal meaning
57:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3714:Topkapı Palace
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:China painting
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:(14th century)
3224:
3223:(10th century)
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3084:(18th century)
3079:
3078:(17th century)
3073:
3072:(17th century)
3067:
3066:(17th century)
3061:
3060:(16th century)
3055:
3054:(16th century)
3049:
3046:Blanc de Chine
3043:
3040:Blue and white
3037:
3031:
3030:(12th century)
3025:
3024:(10th century)
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2802:Blue and white
2799:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2539:External links
2537:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2515:
2500:
2490:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2427:
2416:
2405:
2380:
2378:, p. 149.
2368:
2361:
2343:
2319:
2305:
2301:British Museum
2289:
2275:
2261:
2252:
2235:
2219:
2199:
2172:
2163:
2147:
2138:
2122:
2107:
2089:
2078:
2071:
2051:
2040:
2028:
2017:
1992:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Blanc-de-Chine
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1897:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1844:
1837:
1827:Eastern Africa
1799:cobalt pigment
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1780:Nevers faience
1777:
1770:
1768:
1764:Willow pattern
1761:
1754:
1740:English county
1735:willow pattern
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1716:Nevers faience
1713:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1631:in London and
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1544:alla porcelana
1541:
1534:
1532:
1512:Blue-and-white
1510:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1477:alla porcelana
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1398:Joseon dynasty
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1360:Nabeshima ware
1358:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1322:
1315:
1301:Nabeshima ware
1273:
1270:
1254:Ottoman Empire
1210:British Museum
1193:British Museum
1179:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1147:Topkapı Museum
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1058:, Jingdezhen,
1053:
1046:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
999:
992:
990:
988:, (1690-1700).
980:
973:
971:
969:, (1690-1700).
961:
954:
952:
943:
936:
934:
927:
920:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
860:
858:
855:
848:
846:
839:
832:
830:
815:
808:
806:
803:
796:
794:
783:
776:
742:
739:
738:
737:
730:
723:
721:
714:
707:
705:
698:
691:
689:
675:
668:
643:Xuande Emperor
622:
619:
618:
617:
610:
603:
601:
598:
591:
589:
578:
571:
569:
558:
551:
549:
538:
531:
529:
522:
515:
465:
462:
460:
457:
449:Kangxi Emperor
359:
356:
303:
300:
242:
239:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
103:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:Transcriptions
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
65:
59:
58:
51:
43:
42:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3782:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3740:(Ludwigsburg)
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3708:Palace Museum
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3272:Armorial ware
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:(6th century)
3017:
3014:
3012:(2nd century)
3011:
3008:
3006:(1st century)
3005:
3002:
2999:
2998:Proto-celadon
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2980:Fonthill Vase
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:Kilns, shapes
2840:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:
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2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
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2770:
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2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
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2742:
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2720:
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2711:
2709:
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2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
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2691:
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2679:
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2674:
2671:
2669:
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2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Proto-celadon
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2409:
2395:on 2015-12-21
2394:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2197:
2194:Finlay, p.158
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2142:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2007:on 2017-09-19
2006:
2002:
1996:
1982:on 2015-12-21
1978:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1856:
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1841:
1836:
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1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:Staffordshire
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:Bow porcelain
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
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1456:
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1415:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1399:
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1374:
1369:
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1361:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1334:
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1326:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:lotus flowers
1228:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1134:İznik pottery
1131:
1119:Outside China
1112:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1002:
996:
991:
987:
984:
977:
972:
968:
965:
958:
953:
950:
946:
940:
935:
931:
924:
919:
918:
917:
915:
910:
905:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
864:
859:
852:
847:
843:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
812:
807:
800:
795:
791:
787:
780:
775:
774:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
734:
727:
722:
718:
711:
706:
702:
695:
690:
686:
683:
679:
672:
667:
666:
665:
663:
662:
657:
656:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
614:
607:
602:
595:
590:
586:
582:
575:
570:
566:
562:
555:
550:
546:
542:
535:
530:
526:
519:
514:
513:
512:
510:
505:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
485:, as well as
484:
483:
478:
471:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
389:
385:
381:
373:
369:
364:
355:
351:
349:
345:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
317:
313:
308:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
251:
247:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
156:
150:
142:
138:
130:
125:
116:
104:
102:
98:
95:
91:
86:
82:
78:
74:
66:
64:
60:
55:
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
26:
22:
3674:(Copenhagen)
3610:Factory mark
3573:Technologies
3481:Clignancourt
3039:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2830:
2813:
2806:
2794:
2754:Transitional
2524:
2505:
2498:fully online
2493:
2479:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2419:
2408:
2397:. Retrieved
2393:the original
2383:
2371:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2327:
2322:
2313:
2308:
2282:
2278:
2269:
2264:
2255:
2248:Musée Guimet
2227:Kessler 2012
2222:
2195:
2166:
2155:Kessler 2012
2150:
2141:
2130:Kessler 2012
2125:
2110:
2100:
2081:
2061:
2054:
2043:
2020:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:the original
1995:
1984:. Retrieved
1977:the original
1964:
1847:Trần dynasty
1814:Ming dynasty
1807:
1794:Yuan dynasty
1791:
1733:
1727:
1663:
1649:
1614:
1601:
1599:
1580:
1569:
1543:
1524:Pseudo-Kufic
1517:
1476:
1474:
1391:
1298:
1281:
1275:
1243:
1220:
1217:
1197:
1180:
1143:Ming dynasty
1065:(1736-1795).
1056:export plate
1039:famille rose
1037:
1035:
1012:
1009:18th century
906:
897:Qing dynasty
877:
874:17th century
844:(1573-1620).
828:(1506-1521).
817:
792:(1506-1521).
759:
744:
741:16th century
735:(1426-1435).
719:(1403-1424).
703:(1403-1424).
687:(1403-1424).
659:
653:
647:
638:
627:Ming dynasty
624:
621:15th century
587:(1271-1368).
585:Yuan dynasty
567:(1271-1368).
565:Yuan dynasty
541:Yuan dynasty
508:
506:
480:
473:
464:14th century
453:Qing dynasty
440:
438:
415:
399:
393:
377:
368:Yuan dynasty
352:
332:Tang dynasty
321:
316:Tang dynasty
276:lapis lazuli
273:
267:
216:
201:
181:cobalt oxide
179:, generally
175:with a blue
152:
136:
134:
101:Hanyu Pinyin
54:Ming dynasty
3734:(Baltimore)
3728:(Worcester)
3655:Collections
3421:Ludwigsburg
3403:Frankenthal
3379:Nymphenburg
3373:Fürstenberg
3349:Capodimonte
3301:Saint-Cloud
2854:Mantou kiln
2849:Dragon kiln
2229:, pp.
2145:Medley, 177
2132:, pp.
2038:Medley, 177
1891:Mạc dynasty
1656:Netherlands
1637:East Anglia
1621:Chinoiserie
1380:Hirado ware
1366:, 1716-1736
1305:Hasami ware
1290:Hirado ware
1246:Middle-East
1208:, 1550-70.
1198:Right image
928:Jingdezhen
902:Arita kilns
639:Gegu Yaolun
613:David Vases
502:Cizhou ware
416:Huihui qing
388:David Vases
330:during the
264:calligraphy
256:earthenware
185:stencilling
3754:Categories
3716:(Istanbul)
3590:Bone china
3475:Copenhagen
3469:Loosdrecht
3451:Wallendorf
3034:Jingdezhen
2788:Decoration
2533:071482593X
2473:References
2399:2020-08-06
2376:Krahl 1997
2362:1878529226
2299:Notice of
2157:, p.
2011:2017-07-26
1986:2017-07-25
1681:Kangxi era
1645:jasperware
1602:blue onion
1548:Cafaggiolo
1345:Arita ware
1329:Kraak ware
1325:Arita ware
1286:Arita ware
1185:Jingdezhen
1181:Left image
986:Kangxi era
967:Kangxi era
949:Sima Guang
930:Kraak ware
766:Kraak ware
678:Jingdezhen
581:Jingdezhen
561:Jingdezhen
525:Jingdezhen
445:Jingdezhen
441:once-fired
396:Jingdezhen
341:Indonesian
326:province,
253:tin-glazed
171:decorated
3760:Porcelain
3710:(Beijing)
3686:(Toronto)
3680:(Dresden)
3553:Porsgrund
3547:Rosenthal
3487:Hollóháza
3397:Worcester
3337:Vincennes
3325:Chantilly
3319:Rörstrand
3162:Nabeshima
2944:Porcelain
2826:Ash glaze
2722:Porcelain
2509:. Brill.
2463:135205531
1810:Hải Dương
1805:, China.
1697:Delftware
1660:Delftware
1617:Worcester
1526:designs,
1519:albarello
1394:stoneware
1378:Japanese
1364:Kyōhō era
1343:Japanese
1309:Tobe ware
1282:sometsuke
1250:Near East
1095:Yongzheng
1001:Delftware
914:Delftware
509:sometsuke
499:stoneware
487:Ding ware
434:Guangzhou
348:Singapore
235:Delftware
193:porcelain
169:porcelain
129:delftware
3722:(London)
3692:(Moscow)
3626:Chinamen
3559:Augarten
3439:Wedgwood
3385:Plymouth
3250:General:
3197:General:
3167:Kakiemon
3123:General:
2958:General:
1935:See also
1867:Hồng Đức
1831:Tanzania
1724:Patterns
1641:Wedgwood
1497:Florence
1248:and the
1151:Istanbul
1111:Qianlong
1063:Qianlong
909:Kakiemon
414:(called
233:such as
154:qīng-huā
107:qīng-huā
21:Jay Chou
3704:(Paris)
3698:(Paris)
3605:Biscuit
3535:Zsolnay
3511:Doulton
3499:Mintons
3463:Limoges
3361:Mennecy
3343:Chelsea
3307:Meissen
3028:Qingbai
3004:Celadon
2894:Meiping
2887:Hunping
2739:Qingbai
2653:Yaozhou
2648:Celadon
2231:253–254
1907:phoenix
1788:Vietnam
1593:Father
1587:Germany
1583:Meissen
1576:America
1528:Tuscany
1515:faience
1227:dragons
1189:Jiangxi
1187:kilns,
826:Zhengde
822:Thuluth
818:Taharat
790:Zhengde
786:Persian
751:Persian
482:Qingbai
451:of the
404:Islamic
250:Islamic
212:Abbasid
177:pigment
165:pottery
141:Chinese
63:Chinese
3619:People
3561:(1923)
3555:(1885)
3549:(1879)
3543:(1877)
3537:(1853)
3531:(1853)
3525:(1826)
3523:Herend
3519:(1822)
3517:Lichte
3513:(1815)
3507:(1814)
3501:(1793)
3495:(1781)
3489:(1777)
3483:(1775)
3477:(1775)
3471:(1774)
3465:(1771)
3459:(1768)
3453:(1764)
3447:(1763)
3445:Berlin
3441:(1759)
3435:(1760)
3433:Retiro
3429:(1759)
3423:(1758)
3417:(1757)
3411:(1756)
3409:Sèvres
3405:(1755)
3399:(1751)
3393:(1748)
3387:(1748)
3381:(1747)
3375:(1747)
3369:(1747)
3363:(1745)
3357:(1744)
3351:(1743)
3345:(1743)
3339:(1740)
3333:(1735)
3331:Doccia
3327:(1730)
3321:(1726)
3315:(1718)
3313:Vienna
3309:(1710)
3303:(1693)
3297:(1673)
3291:(1575)
3289:Medici
3282:Types:
3242:Europe
3227:Joseon
3221:Goryeo
3214:Types:
3177:Hirado
3172:Kutani
3145:Types:
3082:Canton
3070:Kangxi
3064:Tianqi
3058:Swatow
2991:Types:
2982:(1338)
2901:Gaiwan
2832:An hua
2815:Doucai
2796:Sancai
2779:Canton
2774:Tianqi
2769:Swatow
2759:export
2708:Shiwan
2703:Yixing
2688:Jizhou
2663:Cizhou
2531:
2513:
2486:
2461:
2359:
2334:
2069:
1823:Persia
1819:Julfar
1803:Yunnan
1695:Dutch
1591:Jesuit
1572:Europe
1554:, 1520
1466:Europe
1362:bowl,
1323:Large
1266:Turkey
1223:cranes
1206:Turkey
755:Arabic
733:Xuande
717:Yongle
701:Yongle
685:Yongle
655:doucai
635:Yongle
631:Hongwu
615:, 1351
430:Muslim
426:kaolin
412:Persia
408:cobalt
288:Kashan
280:cobalt
268:ghibta
223:Persia
187:or by
151::
149:pinyin
143::
127:Dutch
3457:Revol
3427:Weesp
3415:Derby
3295:Rouen
3190:Korea
3157:Imari
3152:Arita
3116:Japan
3052:Kraak
2951:China
2880:Guang
2808:Wucai
2764:Kraak
2749:Dehua
2459:S2CID
1980:(PDF)
1973:(PDF)
1957:Notes
1766:plate
1652:Delft
1552:Italy
1542:Vase
1522:with
1388:Korea
1272:Japan
1262:Iznik
1258:booty
1239:Egypt
1235:Syria
1202:Iznik
842:Wanli
661:wucai
493:from
479:, or
410:from
328:China
324:Henan
296:Hejaz
208:Basra
16:Vases
3022:Ding
3016:Xing
2873:Ding
2866:Cong
2858:The
2734:Ding
2729:Xing
2683:Jian
2678:Guan
2668:Ding
2529:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2134:1–16
2117:and
2067:ISBN
1627:and
1307:and
1237:and
1229:and
1132:and
1060:Qing
983:Qing
964:Qing
890:and
753:and
682:Ming
658:and
633:and
611:The
384:Ming
336:Song
292:Oman
260:Iraq
204:Iraq
167:and
160:lit.
3367:Bow
3010:Yue
2693:Jun
2643:Yue
2449:doi
1833:).
1742:of
1643:'s
1635:in
1585:in
904:.
421:回回青
266:is
139:" (
69:青花瓷
3756::
3665:/
2698:Ru
2673:Ge
2457:.
2443:.
2439:.
2340:ff
2330:,
2292:^
2238:^
2202:^
2196:ff
2175:^
2092:^
2031:^
1873:.
1821:,
1654:,
1623:.
1550:,
1546:,
1264:,
1241:.
1225:,
1204:,
1191:.
1149:,
1033:.
680:,
583:,
563:,
436:.
418:,
370:;
298:.
290:,
157:;
147:;
145:青花
2936:e
2929:t
2922:v
2586:e
2579:t
2572:v
2519:.
2465:.
2451::
2445:5
2402:.
2365:.
2233:.
2161:.
2159:9
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