Blu-ray - Knowledge

4590:(MVC), an extension to the ITU-T H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) codec currently implemented by all Blu-ray Disc players. MPEG4-MVC compresses both left and right eye views with a typical 50% overhead compared to equivalent 2D content, and can provide full 1080p resolution backward compatibility with current 2D Blu-ray Disc players." This means the MVC (3D) stream is backward compatible with H.264/AVC (2D) stream, allowing older 2D devices and software to decode stereoscopic video streams, ignoring additional information for the second view. However, some 3D discs have a user limitation set preventing the disc from being viewed in 2D (though a 2D disc is often included in the packaging). 2608:, generally with the format prominently displayed in a horizontal stripe across the top of the case (translucent blue for Blu-ray video discs, clear for Blu-ray 3D video releases, red for PlayStation 3 Greatest Hits Games, transparent for regular PlayStation 3 games, transparent dark blue for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 games, transparent green for Xbox One and Xbox Series X games and black for Ultra HD Blu-ray video releases). Warren Osborn and The Seastone Media Group, LLC created the package that was adopted worldwide following the Blu-ray versus HD DVD market adoption choice. Because Blu-ray cases are smaller than DVD cases, more Blu-rays than DVDs can fit on a 2753:

4×, capable of 100/128 GB and usage of UDF2.5/2.6. BD-RE 4.0 Format Specification (BDXL) defined a multi-layered disc rewritable in BDAV with the speed of 2× and 4×, capable of 100 GB and usage of UDF2.5 as file system. Although the 66 GB and 100 GB BD-ROM discs used for Ultra HD Blu-ray use the same linear density as BDXL, the two formats are not compatible with each other, therefore it is not possible to use a triple layer BDXL disc to burn an Ultra HD Blu-ray Disc playable in an Ultra HD Blu-ray player, although standard 50 GB BD-R DL discs can be burned in the Ultra HD Blu-ray format.

12241: 3344:. The choice of formats affects the producer's licensing/royalty costs as well as the title's maximum run time, due to differences in compression efficiency. Discs encoded in MPEG-2 video typically limit content producers to around two hours of high-definition content on a single-layer (25 GB) BD-ROM. The more-advanced video formats (VC-1 and MPEG-4 AVC) typically achieve a video run time twice that of MPEG-2, with comparable quality. MPEG-2, however, does have the advantage that it is available without licensing costs, as all 1687: 4496: 2725:

lower-capacity version of this format that uses single-layer 4.7 GB DVDs has been unofficially called BD5. Both formats are being used by individuals for recording high-definition content in Blu-ray format onto recordable DVD media. Despite the fact that the BD9 format has been adopted as part of the BD-ROM basic format, none of the existing Blu-ray player models explicitly claim to be able to read it. Consequently, the discs recorded in BD9 and BD5 formats are not guaranteed to play on standard Blu-ray Disc players.

2900:. Blu-ray Disc titles authored with menus are in the BDMV (Blu-ray Disc Movie) format and contain audio, video, and other streams in BDAV container. There is also the BDAV (Blu-ray Disc Audio/Visual) format, the consumer oriented alternative to the BDMV format used for movie releases. The BDAV format is used on BD-REs and BD-Rs for audio/video recording. BDMV format was later defined also for BD-RE and BD-R (in September 2006, in the third revision of BD-RE specification and second revision of BD-R specification). 1740: 1573: 2043: 3904: 2033: 4570: 1326:") for Blu-ray Discs; this was a significant technical advance because a far tougher protection was desired in the consumer market to protect bare discs against scratching and damage compared to DVD, given that Blu-ray Discs technically required a much thinner layer for the denser and higher-frequency blue laser. Cartridges, originally used for scratch protection, were no longer necessary and were scrapped. The BD-ROM specifications were finalized in early 2006. 15670: 12498: 2024:, have been credited as a factor in a "Blu-ray renaissance" dating back to at least 2018, with some consumers choosing to purchase films on physical formats in an age of digital streaming. Reasons some consumers prefer Blu-rays to streaming include higher video quality, the tactile nature of owning a film physically, elaborate packaging, bonus features, and the desire to own or watch films that are not available in streaming services' libraries. 2742: 2593: 1208: 4269: 38: 2660:. BD-Rs can be written to once, whereas Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-REs) can be erased and re-recorded multiple times. The current practical maximum speed for Blu-ray Discs is about 12× (54 MB/s). Higher speeds of rotation (5,000+ rpm) cause too much wobble for the discs to be written properly, as with the 24× (33.2 MB/s) and 56× (8.2 MB/s, 11,200 rpm) maximum speeds, respectively, of standard 366: 29: 3950:. According to the Blu-ray Disc Association, all Blu-ray Disc players and Blu-ray Disc-equipped computer systems are required to enforce regional coding. However, content providers need not use region playback codes. Some current estimates suggest 70% of available movie Blu-ray Discs from the major studios are region-free and can therefore be played on any Blu-ray Disc player in any region. 1867:

type were made in the same period in 1997. According to GfK Retail and Technology, in the first week of November 2008, sales of Blu-ray recorders surpassed DVD recorders in Japan. According to the Digital Entertainment Group, the number of Blu-ray Disc playback devices (both set-top box and game console) sold in the United States had reached 28.5 million by the end of 2010.

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unauthorized copying. However, personal computers with Blu-ray recorder drives were available. In October 2009, TDK demonstrated a 10-layer 320 GB Blu-ray Disc. On January 1, 2010, Sony, in association with Panasonic, announced plans to increase the storage capacity on their Blu-ray Discs from 25 GB to 33.4 GB via a technology called i-MLSE (

1621:). In April 2006, TDK canceled plans to produce 8-layer 200 GB Blu-ray Discs. In August 2006, TDK announced that it had created a working experimental Blu-ray Disc capable of holding 200 GB of data on a single side, using six 33 GB data layers. In 2007, Hitachi was reported to have plans to produce 200 GB discs by 2009. 2255:'s recordable and rewritable Blu-ray Discs use their own proprietary technology, called Hard Coat. Colloidal silica-dispersed UV-curable resins are used for the hard coating, given that, according to the Blu-ray Disc Association, they offer the best tradeoff between scratch resistance, optical properties, and productivity. 1653:'s 100 GB discs, this disc would be readable on standard Blu-ray Disc drives that were currently in circulation, and it was believed that a firmware update was the only requirement to make it readable by then-current players and drives. In October 2007, they revealed a 100 GB Blu-ray Disc drive. In December 2008, 1196: 2778:(UDF) 2.50 as a convergent-friendly format for both PC and consumer electronics environments. It is used in the latest specifications of BD-ROM, BD-RE, and BD-R. In the first BD-RE specification (defined in 2002), the BDFS (Blu-ray Disc File System) was used. The BD-RE 1.0 specification was defined mainly for the 11538: 1330:

member of the Blu-ray Disc group voiced concerns. At the request of the initial hardware manufacturers, including Toshiba, Pioneer, and Samsung, an interim standard was published that did not include some features, such as managed copy, which would have let end users create copies limited to personal use.

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releases) for the first series of Blu-ray Discs, which were launched throughout 2006. Modern releases are now often encoded in either MPEG-4 AVC or VC-1, allowing film studios to place all content on one disc, reducing costs and improving ease of use. Using these formats also frees a lot of space for

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Blu-ray Disc employs the MPEG transport stream recording method. That enables transport streams of digital broadcasts to be recorded as they are broadcast, without altering the format. It also enables flexible editing of a digital broadcast that is recorded as is and where the data can be edited just

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released the first BD-R LTH Discs, and in March 2008, Sony's PlayStation 3 officially gained the ability to use BD-R LTH Discs with the 2.20 firmware update. In May 2009 Verbatim/Mitsubishi announced the industry's first 6X BD-R LTH media, which allows recording a 25 GB disc in about 16 minutes.

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content on a Blu-ray Disc. On December 17, 2009, the BDA officially announced 3D specs for Blu-ray Disc, allowing backward compatibility with current 2D Blu-ray players, though compatibility is limited by the fact that the longer 3D discs are triple-layer, which normal (2D only) players cannot read.

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directory structure but is restricted to lower audio and video bitrates, simpler interactivity, and the use of AVC-video and Dolby AC-3 (or linear PCM) audio. Being primarily an acquisition format, AVCHD playback is not universally recognized among devices that play Blu-ray Discs. Nevertheless, many

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If a playback device manufacturer finds that its devices have been hacked, it can potentially release BD+ code that detects and circumvents the vulnerability. These programs can then be included in all new content releases. The specifications of the BD+ virtual machine are available only to licensed

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is "CA" (17217 or hex 0x4341).) Although there are only three Blu-ray regions, the country code allows much more precise control of the regional distribution of Blu-ray Discs than the six (or eight) DVD regions. With Blu-ray Discs, there are no "special regions" such as the regions 7 and 8 for DVDs.

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used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85, and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects, designers can cause the laser beam to focus on a smaller spot, which effectively allows more information to be stored in the same

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camcorders were also introduced in 2006. These recordings can be played back on many Blu-ray Disc players without re-encoding but are not compatible with HD DVD players. By January 2007, Blu-ray Discs had outsold HD DVDs, and during the first three quarters of 2007, BD outsold HD DVD by about two to

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The Blu-ray specification defines a maximum data transfer rate of 54 Mbit/s, a maximum AV bitrate of 48 Mbit/s (for both audio and video data), and a maximum video bit rate of 40 Mbit/s. In contrast, the HD DVD standard has a maximum data transfer rate of 36 Mbit/s, a maximum AV

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as a cost-effective alternative to the 25/50 GB BD-ROM discs. The format was supposed to use the same codecs and program structure as Blu-ray Disc video but recorded onto less expensive 8.5 GB dual-layer DVD. This red-laser media could be manufactured on existing DVD production lines with

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range. The shorter wavelength can be focused to a smaller area, thus enabling it to read information recorded in pits that are less than half the size of those on a DVD, and can consequently be spaced more closely, resulting in a shorter track pitch, enabling a Blu-ray Disc to hold about five times

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On July 20, 2010, the research team of Sony and Japanese Tohoku University announced the joint development of a blue-violet laser, to help create Blu-ray Discs with a capacity of 1 TB using only two layers (and potentially more than 1 TB with additional layering). By comparison, the first

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The BDXL format allows 100 GB and 128 GB write-once discs, and 100 GB rewritable discs for commercial applications. The BDXL specification was finalised in June 2010. BD-R 3.0 Format Specification (BDXL) defined a multi-layered disc recordable in BDAV format with the speed of 2× and

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AG, Blu-ray was adopted faster than the DVD format was at a similar period in its development. This conclusion was based on the fact that Singulus Technologies received orders for 21 Blu-ray dual-layer replication machines during the first quarter of 2008, while 17 DVD replication machines of this

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developed a three-layer technology that allows putting both standard-definition DVD data and HD data on a BD/(standard) DVD combination. This would have enabled the consumer to purchase a disc that can be played on DVD players and can also reveal its HD version when played on a BD player. Japanese

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Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administrator (AACS LA), a consortium founded in 2004, had been developing the DRM platform that could be used to distribute movies to consumers while preventing copying. However, the final AACS standard was delayed, and then delayed again when an important

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The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10, 2003: the Sony BDZ-S77, a US$ 3,800 BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan. However, there was no standard for pre-recorded video, and no movies were released for this player. Hollywood studios insisted that players be equipped

1179:, the main company supporting HD DVD, conceded in February 2008, and later released its own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009. According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the United States were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales. Blu-ray's competition includes 1770:

According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the United States were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales. 16.3 million DVD software units were sold in the first two years (1997–1998) compared to 8.3 million high-definition software units (2006–2007). One reason

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ROM Mark is a small amount of cryptographic data that is stored separately from normal Blu-ray Disc data, aiming to prevent replication of the discs. The cryptographic data is needed to decrypt the copyrighted disc content protected by AACS. A specially licensed piece of hardware is required to

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region code. Instructions ("hacks") describing how to reset the Blu-ray region counter of computer player applications to make them multi-region indefinitely are also regularly posted to video enthusiast websites and forums. Unlike DVD region codes, Blu-ray region codes are verified only by the

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introduced by Sony in 2003. Using a cartridge would increase the price of an already expensive medium, and would increase the size of Blu-ray Disc drives, so designers chose hard-coating of the pickup surface instead. TDK was the first company to develop a working scratch-protection coating for

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Although the Blu-ray Disc specification has been finalized, engineers continue to work on advancing the technology. By 2005, quad-layer (100 GB) discs had been demonstrated on a drive with modified optics and standard unaltered optics. Hitachi stated that such a disc could be used to store

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On November 2, 2007, the Grace Period Profile was superseded by Bonus View as the minimum profile for new BD-Video players released to the market. When Blu-ray Disc software not authored with interactive features dependent on Bonus View or BD-Live hardware capabilities is played on Profile 1.0

3673:, as well as network connectivity in some BD devices, will allow updates to Blu-ray Discs via the Internet, adding content such as additional subtitle languages and promotional features not included on the disc at pressing time. This Java version is called BD-J and is built on a profile of the 1669:

introduced the LC-BD60U and LC-BD80U series, the first LCD HDTVs with integrated Blu-ray Disc players. Sharp also announced that it would sell HDTVs with integrated Blu-ray Disc recorders in the United States by the end of 2009. Set-top box recorders were not being sold in the U.S. for fear of

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The table shows the speeds available. Even the lowest speed (1×) is sufficient to play and record real-time 1080p video; the higher speeds are relevant for general data storage and more sophisticated handling of video. BD discs are designed to cope with at least 5,000 rpm of rotational speed.

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resolution, object-based sound formats, and an optional "digital bridge" feature. New players were required to play this format, and they were able to play both DVDs, traditional Blu-rays and the new format. New Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs hold up to 66 GB and 100 GB of data on dual- and

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Usage of BD9 for releasing content on "pressed" discs never caught on. With the end of the format war, manufacturers ramped production of Blu-ray Discs and lowered prices to compete with DVDs. On the other hand, the idea of using inexpensive DVD media became popular among individual users. A

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Blu-ray equipment is required to implement the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) system to encrypt the data sent by players to rendering devices through physical connections. This is aimed at preventing the copying of copyrighted content as it travels across cables. Through a

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The biggest difference between Bonus View and BD-Live is that BD-Live requires the Blu-ray Disc player to have an Internet connection to access Internet-based content. BD-Live features have included Internet chats, scheduled chats with the director, Internet games, downloadable featurettes,

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revealed that it had successfully developed a high-definition optical disc process that extended the disc capacity to ten layers, increasing the capacity of the discs to 250 GB. However, it noted the major obstacle was that current read/write technology did not allow additional layers.

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insert the ROM Mark into the media during mastering. During replication, this ROM Mark is transferred together with the recorded data to the disc. In consequence, any copies of a disc made with a regular recorder will lack the ROM Mark data and will be unreadable on standard players.

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downloadable quizzes, and downloadable movie trailers. While some Bonus View players may have an Ethernet port, it is used for firmware updates and is not used for Internet-based content. In addition, Profile 2.0 also requires more local storage in order to handle this content.

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The "Mini Blu-ray Disc" (also, "Mini-BD" and "Mini Blu-ray") is a compact 8-centimetre-diameter (3.1 in) variant of the Blu-ray Disc that can store 7.8 GB of data in its single-layer configuration, or 15.6 GB on a dual-layer disc. It is similar in concept to the

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on September 21, 2010. The console had previously gained 3D gaming capability via an update on April 21, 2010. Since the version 3.70 software update on August 9, 2011, the PlayStation 3 can play DTS-HD Master Audio and DTS-HD High Resolution Audio while playing 3D Blu-ray.

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unveiled a 400 GB Blu-ray Disc (containing 16 data layers, 25 GB each) compatible with current players after a firmware update. Its planned launch was in the 2009–10 time frame for ROM and 2010–13 for rewritable discs. Ongoing development was underway to create a

4178:(PSR19) as a new form of regional lockout. This means, for example, while both the US and Japan are Region A, some American discs will not play on devices/software configured for Japan or vice versa, since the two countries have different country codes. (For example, the 1882:. Some commentators suggested that renting Blu-ray would play a vital part in keeping the technology affordable while allowing it to move forward. In an effort to increase sales, studios began releasing films in combo packs with Blu-ray Discs and DVDs, as well as 8715:

At this early stage anticipating anything is merely speculation but it's possible to make some informed predictions. From a practical perspective, spinning an optical disc at 10,000 RPM has long proven the realistic limit for half-height drives and 5,000 RPM for

1555:, the sole major studio to back HD DVD since its inception, said shortly after Toshiba's announcement: "While Universal values the close partnership we have shared with Toshiba, it is time to turn our focus to releasing new and catalog titles on Blu-ray Disc." 1953:(HVD), described in the ECMA-377 standard, was in development by the Holography System Development (HSD) Forum using a green writing/reading laser (532 nm) and a red positioning/addressing laser (650 nm). It was to offer MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC (H.264), 1890:

Blu-ray Discs cost no more to produce than DVD discs. However, reading and writing mechanisms are more complicated, making Blu-ray recorders, drives and players more expensive than their DVD counterparts. Adoption is also limited due to the widespread use of

1710:. On January 14, 2013, Blu-ray Disc Association president Andy Parsons stated that a task force was created three months prior to conduct a study concerning an extension to the Blu-ray Disc specification that would add the ability to contain 4K UHD video. 4254:(ICT), a Blu-ray Disc can enforce its reproduction in a lower resolution whenever a full HDCP-compliant link is not used. In order to ease the transition to high definition formats, the adoption of this protection method was postponed until 2011. 1717:

format starting on August 24, 2015. The Ultra HD Blu-ray format delivered high dynamic range content that significantly expanded the range between the brightest and darkest elements, expanded color range, high frame rate (up to 60fps) and up to

1559:, which started releasing movies only in HD DVD format during late 2007, also said it would start releasing on Blu-ray Disc. Both studios announced initial Blu-ray lineups in May 2008. With this, all major Hollywood studios supported Blu-ray. 1886:

that can be played on computers and mobile devices. Some are released on "flipper" discs with Blu-ray on one side and DVD on the other. Other strategies are to release movies with the special features only on Blu-ray Discs and none on DVDs.

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exhibition in October 2000. A trademark for the "Blue Disc" logo was filed on February 9, 2001. On February 19, 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members.

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unveiled the first Blu-ray Disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in Japan in April 2003. Afterward, it continued to be developed until its official worldwide release on June 20, 2006, beginning the

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Informal term meaning "worldwide". Region free is not an official setting; discs that bear the region FREE symbol either have no flags set or have all three flags set. Discs with no flags set may not play in some non-compliant players.

1500:, the only major studio still releasing movies in both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc format, announced that it would release only in Blu-ray after May 2008. This effectively included other studios that came under the Warner umbrella, such as 10889: 10212: 6022: 1457:

HD DVD had a head start in the high-definition video market, as Blu-ray Disc sales were slow to gain market share. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available.

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As of 2017 the latest types of Blu-ray players, suitable for Ultra HD Blu-ray content, are not region-free, but Ultra HD Blu-ray disc manufacturers have not yet locked the discs to any region and they work worldwide.

3935:, Blu-ray Disc players sold in a specific geographical region are designed to play only discs authorized by the content provider for that region. This is intended to permit content providers (motion picture studios, 3660:

cross-platform software environment would be included in all Blu-ray Disc players as a mandatory part of the standard. Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as opposed to the method used on

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area. For a Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm. This allows a reduction of the pit size from 400 nm for DVD to 150 nm for Blu-ray Disc, and of the track pitch from 740 nm to 320 nm. See

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became available on a production basis, allowing for the development of a denser storage format that could hold higher-definition media, with prototype discs made with diodes at a slightly longer wavelength of 407

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Pre-recorded Blu-ray Disc titles usually ship in packages similar to, but slightly smaller (18.5 mm shorter and 2 mm thinner: 135 mm × 171.5 mm × 13 mm) and more rounded than, a standard

2262:. In contrast, DVD media are not required to be scratch-resistant, but since development of the technology, some companies, such as Verbatim, implemented hard-coating for more expensive lines of recordable DVDs. 2817:(BDFS). Initially, the BD-RE version 1.0 (BDFS) was specifically developed for recording of digital broadcasts using the Blu-ray Disc application (BDAV application). But these requirements are superseded by the 2225:

for information on optical discs' physical structure. In addition to the optical improvements, Blu-ray Discs feature improvements in data encoding that further increase the amount of content that can be stored.

1276:), a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The core technologies of the formats are similar. The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled by Sony at the 2251:. In addition, both Sony's and Panasonic's replication methods include proprietary hard-coat technologies. Sony's rewritable media are spin-coated, using a scratch-resistant acrylic and antistatic coating. 1403:

By June 2008, over 2,500 Blu-ray Disc titles were available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 3,500 in the United States and Canada. In Japan, over 3,300 titles had been released as of July 2010.

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Examine the host environment to see if the player has been tampered with. Every licensed playback device manufacturer must provide the BD+ licensing authority with memory footprints that identify their

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Profile 1.0 players are not eligible for Bonus View or BD-Live compliant upgrades and do not have the function or capability to access these upgrades, with the exception of the latest players and the

7493: 2908:. An MPEG transport stream contains one or more MPEG program streams, so this allows multiple video programs to be stored in the same file so they can be played back simultaneously (e.g., with the " 1794:, up to 14% of total disc sales were from Blu-ray, although the average Blu-ray sales for the first half of the year were only around 5%. In December 2008, the Blu-ray Disc version of Warner Bros.' 1069:

per layer, with dual-layer discs (50 GB) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple-layer discs (128 GB) are available for

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by rewriting the playback stream. Although it is quite natural, a function for high-speed and easy-to-use retrieval is built in. Blu-ray Disc Video use MPEG transport streams, compared to DVD's

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also use inexpensive media like DVDs, but unlike BD9 and BD5 these formats have limited interactivity, codec types, and data rates. As of March 2011, BD9 was removed as an official BD-ROM disc.

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discs. In spite of this decision, however, the DVD Forum's Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition video solution. In August, Toshiba and

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division were initially region-coded, subsequent re-releases subsequently have been region-free. Titles released by other labels on behalf of New Line are still subject to region-coding.

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uses VC-1 for the feature film and MPEG-2 for some of its bonus content. Today, Warner and other studios typically provide bonus content in the video format that matches the feature.

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The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) created a task force made up of executives from the film industry and the consumer electronics and IT sectors to help define standards for putting

2521:(133 MB/s) standards. Internal Blu-ray drives that are integrated into a computer (as opposed to physically separate and connected via a cable) typically have a SATA interface. 1400:

formats were introduced in September 2006. The first movies using 50 GB dual-layer discs were introduced in October 2006. The first audio-only albums were released in May 2008.

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The IH-BD (Intra-Hybrid Blu-ray) format includes a 25 GB rewritable layer (BD-RE) and a 25 GB write-once layer (BD-ROM), designed to work with existing Blu-ray Discs.

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found that awareness of Blu-ray Disc had reached 60% of households in the United States. Nielsen VideoScan sales numbers showed that for some titles, such as 20th Century Fox's

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In circumvention of region-coding restrictions, stand-alone Blu-ray Disc players are sometimes modified by third parties to allow for playback of Blu-ray Discs (and DVDs) with

9496: 4378: 3665:-video discs. DVDs use pre-rendered MPEG segments and selectable subtitle pictures, which are considerably more primitive and rarely seamless. At the conference, Java creator 10130: 10021: 11758: 6909: 9428: 9069: 15331: 11403: 8702: 1674:). The higher-capacity discs, according to Sony, would be readable on existing Blu-ray Disc players with a firmware upgrade. This technology was later used on BDXL discs. 11941: 9854: 9822: 10273: 9989: 6738: 1450:

the next year, after being voted down twice by DVD Forum members who were also Blu-ray Disc Association members—a situation that drew preliminary investigations by the

11434: 11277: 10514: 3434:. BD-ROM titles must use one of the mandatory schemes for the primary soundtrack. A secondary audiotrack, if present, may use any of the mandatory or optional codecs. 3332:. BD-ROM titles with video must store video using one of the three mandatory formats; multiple formats on a single title are allowed. Blu-ray Disc allows video with a 1638:

optical disc manufacturer Infinity announced the first "hybrid" Blu-ray Disc/(standard) DVD combo, to be released on February 18, 2009. This disc set of the TV series

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dye recording layer that can be manufactured by modifying existing CD-R and DVD-R production equipment, significantly reducing manufacturing costs. In February 2008,

2634:. Recordable (BD-R) and rewritable (BD-RE) versions of Mini Blu-ray Disc have been developed specifically for compact camcorders and other compact recording devices. 1465:, which contained a Blu-ray Disc player for primary storage, helped support Blu-ray. Sony also ran a more thorough and influential marketing campaign for the format. 11678: 7818: 4638:

had discontinued the Blu-ray 3D format in North America, but continued to produce and sell them in other regions such as South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

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By December 2017, the specification for an 8K Blu-ray format was also completed. However, this specification was for Japan only so that it could be used by Japanese

10161: 8574: 8472: 7124: 6794: 12156: 10609: 4332:). Since keys can be revoked in newer releases, this is only a temporary attack, and new keys must continually be discovered in order to decrypt the latest discs. 10372: 6271: 11844: 10241: 7220: 3985:

initially released most of their titles region-coded, most of their post-Disney merger content is region-free. Vintage film restoration and distribution company

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A new form of Blu-ray region-coding tests not only the region of the player/player software, but also its country code, repurposing a user setting intended for

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on either side on DVDs. Sony also announced in April 2004 a version using paper as the substrate developed with Toppan Printing, with up to 25 GB storage.

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The BD-ROM specification defines four Blu-ray Disc player profiles, including an audio-only player profile (BD-Audio) that does not require video decoding or

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laser) used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs.

11993: 10663: 8416: 7875: 7619: 6592: 5283: 2790:. The BDFS was replaced by UDF 2.50 in the second BD-RE specification in 2005, to enable interoperability among consumer electronics, Blu-ray recorders, and 8080: 4446:

discs. All Ultra HD Blu-ray players can play regular Blu-ray Discs, and most can play DVDs and CDs. The PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 do not support CDs.

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The first titles using BD+ were released in October 2007. Since November 2007, versions of BD+ protection have been circumvented by various versions of the

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before they would release movies for the new format, and they wanted a new DRM system that would protect more against unauthorized copying than the failed

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This is used for storing audio/video and title updates. It can either be built-in memory or removable media, such as a memory card or USB flash memory.

4753: 4748: 3326: 11700: 10182: 9264: 5336: 14072: 10394: 10141: 9341: 6626: 4418:. Most Blu-ray Disc players are capable of reading both CDs and DVDs; however, a few of the early Blu-ray Disc players released in 2006, such as the 10934: 7251: 6760: 5314: 9398: 7708: 2944:

pixel resolution at up to 60 (59.94) frames per second, progressively scanned. While most current Blu-ray players and recorders can read and write

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BD had sold over 1.7 million copies worldwide, making it the first Blu-ray Disc title to sell over a million copies in the first week of release.

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given for this difference was the smaller marketplace (26.5 million HDTVs in 2007 compared to 100 million SDTVs in 1998). Former HD DVD supporter

15714: 13366: 12535: 11651: 8936: 7548: 7153: 1426:, was split over whether to develop the more expensive blue laser technology. In March 2002 the forum approved a proposal, which was endorsed by 8438: 7300: 8791: 8110: 7730: 7187: 6531: 6241: 5854: 5718:

Yamasaki, Takeshi; Toshiro Kinoshita; Masayuki Taniguchi; Tomomi Yukumoto (September 9, 2004). B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar; Hiromichi Kobori (eds.).

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AVCREC uses a BDAV container to record high-definition content on conventional DVDs. Presently AVCREC is tightly integrated with the Japanese

1151:

to conform to a resolution supported by the Blu-ray specification. Besides these hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of

15754: 12446: 10454: 9643: 9289: 9202: 7993: 7278: 12587: 9181: 8498: 6940: 6092: 5494: 5027: 1642:

featured four hybrid discs containing a single Blu-ray Disc layer (25 GB) and two DVD layers (9 GB) on the same side of the disc.

12082: 10428: 10298: 10049: 7056: 6481: 5916: 3388:, have released bonus content on discs encoded in a different format than the main feature title. For example, the Blu-ray Disc release of 11784: 11456: 8599: 5823: 9226: 7683: 6874: 6708: 6131: 5792: 4719:

Blu-ray format was also completed by the Blu-ray Disc Association for use in Japan. More than two hours of 8K content can be recorded on

1293:(CSS) used on DVDs. On October 4, 2004, the name Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), and 8992: 8347: 7929: 5373: 3879:

players, it is able to play the main feature of the disc, but some extra features may not be available or will have limited capability.

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The Blu-ray Disc Association recommends but does not require that Blu-ray Disc drives be capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs, for

11516: 10636: 10573: 10267:"White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Format (Ultra HD Blu-ray): Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM Version 3.0" 9363: 9141: 9113: 5245: 5209: 5104: 4980: 13708: 13574: 12424: 11910: 10913: 10812: 10705: 7583: 4391:(versions 0.6 and above, along with some supporting software), MakeMKV, and two applications from DVDFab (Passkey and HD Decrypter). 4240: 2850:

BDAV or BD-AV (Blu-ray Disc Audio/Visual): a consumer-oriented Blu-ray video format used for audio/video recording (defined in 2002).

661: 11313: 10790: 9488: 8672: 2532:) on single-layer BD-R media, while the highest reading speeds are 12×, presumably to prevent repeated physical stress on the disc. 1922:. Ultra HD Blu-ray discs and players became available in the first quarter of 2016, having a storage capacity of up to 100 GB. 13838: 13807: 13795: 11892: 10736: 10127: 10014: 9815: 9705: 9675: 9612: 9548: 5524: 5075: 2920:

The BD-ROM specification mandates certain codec compatibilities for both hardware decoders (players) and movie software (content).

286: 11762: 10763: 10686: 9915: 9731: 9579: 9522: 9466: 8142: 7308: 6901: 6302: 1800:

sold 600,000 copies on the first day of its launch in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. A week after the launch,

15784: 15630: 12368: 9436: 9073: 7440: 6852: 6508: 5938: 5669: 5578:"Disclosure of Specifications for Large Capacity Optical Disc Recording Format Utilizing Blue-Violet Laser "Blu-ray Disc" Begins" 4783: 1973:

distributor that releases films on Blu-ray or 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray format, characterized by a specific or niche target market and

1875: 1413: 1168: 913: 11536:, "Systems and Methods for Detecting Authorized Players", published July 1, 2010, assigned to CYBERLINK CORPORATION 11399: 10084: 8966: 8694: 7765: 6817: 5877: 14562: 13817: 11937: 9847: 8758: 8732: 8046: 7398: 6153: 4773: 4623: 1671: 941: 10845: 10266: 9973: 9245: 7210: 6730: 6569: 6393: 5555: 4372:

Transform the audio and video output. Parts of the content will not be viewable without letting the BD+ program unscramble it.

1649:

showcased a 100 GB Blu-ray Disc, consisting of four layers containing 25 GB each. It claimed that, unlike TDK's and

14105: 12575: 11620: 11273: 9315: 9151: 9018: 4658:

continued to sell and produce 3D Blu-ray Discs in North America until 2022 with their last film released on the format being

4358:

embedded in authorized players, allows content providers to include executable programs on Blu-ray Discs. Such programs can:

4175: 10507: 9848:"Application Definition, Blu-ray Disc Format, BD-J Baseline Application and Logical Model Definition for BD-ROM, March 2005" 8542: 7034: 6360: 6219: 6188: 5979: 5156: 5054: 1702:

and encoded at 1080p. "Mastered in 4K" Blu-ray Disc titles can be played on existing Blu-ray Disc players and have a larger

15749: 12456: 11426: 8643: 4804: 3345: 979:

format. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released worldwide on June 20, 2006, capable of storing several hours of

42:

Reverse side of a Blu-ray. Unlike CD and DVD, the reflection has a blue hue. Branded colors include silver, gold, and grey.

12179: 11674: 10477: 7814: 7375: 5405: 4321: 15729: 15239: 13359: 12528: 11870: 10158: 9816:"White paper, Blu-ray Disc Format, 2.B Audio Visual Application, Format Specifications, for BD-ROM Version 2.4, May 2010" 9044: 8842: 8567: 8465: 7117: 6786: 6048: 2859:

RREF (Realtime Recording and Editing Format): a subset of BDMV designed for real-time recording and editing applications.

2795: 1451: 400: 12148: 10599: 10107: 12451: 10364: 10235:"White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Format: 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM Version 2.5" 8072: 6279: 6106: 4799: 4586:

The BDA has said, "The Blu-ray 3D specification calls for encoding 3D video using the "Stereo High" profile defined by

1985:

or packaging, and other materials. Examples of boutique Blu-ray labels include the American Genre Film Archive (AGFA),

1918:

In the mid-2010s, the Ultra HD Blu-ray format was released which is an enhanced variant of Blu-ray compatible with the

11836: 7615: 1961:

HVD standard have been released. The company responsible for HVD went bankrupt in 2010, making any releases unlikely.

1779:. The 360's successor Xbox One features a Blu-ray drive, as does the PS4, with both supporting 3D Blu-ray after later 12290: 11253: 9983: 8020: 7463: 5638: 2238:

standard, it was found in early designs to be more vulnerable to scratches. The first discs were therefore housed in

1529: 10958: 6424: 6072: 2948:

video at the full 59.94p and 50p progressive format, new players for the UHD specifications will be able to read at

2837:) for High Definition Content Distribution was developed for BD-ROM. The only file system developed for BDMV is the 15779: 15769: 15369: 14895: 14426: 13739: 13140: 12115: 11150: 11046: 11020: 10015:"White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Rewritable Format: Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-RE Version 3.0" 8816: 7841: 7095: 5761: 4682: 2841:(UDF) which defines the requirements for UDF 2.50. All BDMV application files are stored under a "BDMV" directory. 2036:

Comparison of several forms of disc storage showing tracks (not to scale); green denotes start and red denotes end.

2006: 1618: 1446:

announced their competing standard, the Advanced Optical Disc. It was finally adopted by the DVD Forum and renamed

908: 15187: 10659: 10234: 8408: 7867: 5275: 2497:

The usable data rate of a Blu-ray Disc drive can be limited by the capacity of the drive's data interface. With a

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BDMV or BD-MV (Blu-ray Disc Movie): a Blu-ray video format with menu capability commonly used for movie releases.

752: 635: 11590: 11232: 11206: 11098: 10994: 9886: 5464: 4224: 4223:(DRM) which restrict the usage of the discs. This has led to extensive criticism of the format by organizations 15539: 14716: 14704: 14595: 13558: 13352: 13086: 12521: 12419: 12049: 11376: 10331: 9940: 8898: 8876: 6973: 4644: 4263: 3373: 826: 561: 12016: 11072: 6600: 5604: 15719: 14368: 13701: 12246: 11553: 11346: 11176: 11124: 9760: 6995: 5130: 4650: 4610:

implemented in slim PlayStation 3 models only (original "fat" PS3 models decode internally and send audio as

4598: 3936: 3476: 1957:(H.265), and VC-1 encoding, supporting a maximum storage capacity of 6 TB. No systems conforming to the 6648: 5517:"Blue Disc B — Trademark by Blu-ray Disc Association Universal City, CA — Serial Number: 76207670" 4738: 3989:

uses US region-coding in all Blu-ray releases, with their releases in the UK market using UK region-coding.

15739: 15294: 15289: 14883: 14378: 13965: 12358: 11707: 11488: 10977: 10178: 8499:"Influence of Pit-Shape Variation on the Decoding Performance for Two-Dimensional Optical Storage (TwoDOS)" 5346: 4850: 4690: 3445: 3411: 1342:

players beat them to market by a few months. The first Blu-ray Disc titles were released on June 20, 2006:

405: 12937: 10539: 10401: 10138: 9798: 9337: 9091: 8278: 7555: 6622: 5184: 15724: 15699: 15595: 15283: 15249: 15177: 13454: 12955: 11533: 7898: 7333: 7243: 6764: 5306: 3970: 3657: 2605: 1698:

On January 7, 2013, Sony announced that it would release "Mastered in 4K" Blu-ray Disc titles sourced at

1617:

7 hours of 32 Mbit/s video (HDTV) or 3 hours and 30 minutes of 64 Mbit/s video (

869: 814: 759: 276: 271: 7705: 6450: 3693:. All of the video-based player profiles (BD-Video) are required to have a full implementation of BD-J. 395: 15399: 15207: 14890: 14878: 14531: 13905: 13884: 13843: 13729: 13659: 13603: 13413: 13332: 13123: 12943: 12792: 12731: 11810: 11732: 6682: 4793: 4788: 2783: 2188: 1950: 1297:

joined the BDA's Board of Directors. The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004.

1019: 934: 628: 442: 51: 11643: 10879:"Samsung's Already Awesome HD Disc Hybrid BD-UP5000 Upgraded to Profile 1.1 (Bye Bye Format Bitching)" 10446: 8928: 7149: 5754:"Exclusive TDK Durabis Coating Technology Makes Cartridge-Free, Ultra-Durable Blu-ray Discs a Reality" 1119:. Revisions to the specification allowed newer Blu-ray players to support videos with a resolution of 14393: 14388: 14152: 14098: 13980: 13092: 12865: 12641: 10930: 8446: 8283: 4924:

Profile 3.0 is a separate audio-only player profile. The first Blu-ray Disc album to be released was

4281: 4220: 4204: 2558:, low-quality media, physical damage such as scratches, dust, and/or media written using a defective 2529: 2286: 2014: 1547:

Following these new developments, on February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it would end production of

1286: 874: 8780: 8102: 7179: 5577: 4642:

has ceased sales and productions of 3D Blu-ray Discs all over the world, its last 3D releases being

2533: 2525: 15099: 14489: 14383: 14220: 14046: 13694: 13444: 12707: 12683: 12629: 12581: 12440: 12331: 7788: 5423: 4987: 4460: 4228: 3986: 3678: 2885: 2863: 1990: 1322:

In January 2005, TDK announced that it had developed an ultra-hard yet very thin polymer coating ("

1159: 821: 206: 9650: 9281: 9223: 9198: 8669:"Blank Blu-ray Media: Blu ray Recordable (BD-R, BD-R LTH) / Rewritable (BD-RE) Discs, Blu-ray DVD" 6704: 2551: 2545: 1478:—a hybrid disc containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other, but it was never released. 15202: 14733: 14461: 14456: 14305: 13501: 13496: 13279: 13039: 12319: 10299:"White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Format: 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM" 10050:"White paper Blu-ray Disc Format – 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM" 9178: 8250:"One year into bucking digital trends, boutique Blu-ray label keeps fighting for Canadian cinema" 8177: 6932: 5486: 5016: 4743: 4293: 3992:

The Blu-ray Disc region-coding scheme divides the world into three regions, labeled A, B, and C.

3674: 2669: 2649: 2643: 2513:

interface (with proper cabling) does not have this limitation, nor do even the oldest version of

2252: 1362: 1290: 1200: 745: 614: 581: 14648: 10425: 9761:"White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Format: 3. File System Specifications for BD-RE, R, ROM, August 2004" 6473: 6249: 5908: 5846: 15774: 15759: 15744: 15704: 15569: 15389: 15079: 14353: 14348: 14157: 13995: 13970: 13675: 13562: 13232: 13200: 13057: 12695: 11463: 10566: 5815: 4587: 4554: 4415: 4251: 2815:

System Description Blu-ray Rewritable Disc Format part 2 File System Specifications version 1.0

2787: 1726:

Blu-ray's physical and file system specifications are publicly available on the BDA's website.

1551:

devices, allowing Blu-ray Disc to become the industry standard for high-density optical discs.

1211: 1162:, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. 1148: 773: 621: 390: 281: 13194: 8311: 7673: 6878: 6127: 5784: 2839:

System Description Blu-ray Read-Only Disc Format part 2 File System Specifications version 1.0

15709: 15457: 14773: 14673: 13960: 13879: 13734: 13262: 12845: 12605: 12501: 12482: 12283: 10567:"Java Technology Goes to the Movies: Java Technology in Next-Generation Optical Disc Formats" 8988: 8505: 8378: 4698: 4689:

pixel resolution) video at frame rates up to 60 progressive frames per second, encoded using

4678:

Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs are incompatible with existing standard Blu-ray players. They support

4553:

broadcast standard and is not marketed outside of Japan. AVCREC is used primarily in set-top

4466: 4347: 4231:, and consumers because new releases require player firmware updates to allow disc playback. 2889: 2775: 2259: 1863: 1435: 1392:

video compression, the same method used on standard DVDs. The first releases using the newer

1368: 1269: 980: 927: 882: 738: 731: 260: 253: 13182: 11896: 7180:"Sony to launch 4K digital distribution network this summer, 'mastered in 4K' Blu-ray Discs" 5691: 2584:

Not all vendors and models of optical drives have error scanning functionality implemented.

2581:

s) error parameters, of which rates below 13 and 15 respectively can be considered healthy.

2234:

Given that the Blu-ray Disc data layer is closer to the surface of the disc compared to the

15564: 15447: 15435: 15362: 15217: 15143: 15095: 14915: 14687: 14653: 14245: 14177: 14091: 13853: 13188: 13051: 12653: 12569: 11513: 10632: 5205: 5097: 4809: 4277: 3954: 3940: 3670: 2921: 2835:

System Description Blu-ray Disc Prerecorded Format part 3 Audio Visual Basic Specifications

2802: 2536:

are limited to 6× speeds (constant angular velocity) due to spacial and power limitations.

1938: 1786:

Shortly after the "format war" ended, Blu-ray Disc sales began to increase. A study by the

853: 832: 817: 607: 11914: 10910: 10819: 7590: 5717: 4328:

problem. In addition, decryption keys have been extracted from a weakly protected player (

2807:

System Description Blu-ray Rewritable Disc Format Part 3 Audio Visual Basic Specifications

8: 15734: 15615: 15534: 15474: 15394: 15254: 15107: 14828: 14333: 14285: 14280: 14197: 14192: 11302: 10786: 8668: 7150:"Joint development of the world's first blue-violet ultrafast pulsed semiconductor laser" 4631: 4519:

such devices are capable of playing AVCHD recordings from removable media, such as DVDs,

4469:, for audio-only Blu-ray optical discs. Launched in 2013 as a potential successor to the 4422:, could play DVDs but not CDs. In addition, with the exception of some early models from 4127: 3974: 3835: 3470: 3431: 3318: 2905: 2676: 1926: 1678:

blue laser was invented in 1996, with the first prototype discs coming four years later.

1665:

At CES 2009, Panasonic unveiled the DMP-B15, the first portable Blu-ray Disc player, and

1654: 1521: 1379: 1273: 682: 75: 10732: 9701: 9679: 9608: 9544: 5516: 5071: 2020:

Boutique Blu-ray labels, which are popular among collectors and enthusiasts of film and

1753:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1586:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

15124: 14971: 14788: 14658: 14588: 14315: 14310: 14275: 14010: 13889: 13287: 12961: 10759: 10690: 10336: 9911: 9727: 9575: 9518: 9458: 8466:"White paper, Blu-ray Disc, 1.C Physical Format Specifications for BD-ROM, 5th Edition" 8352: 8255: 7678: 6306: 6080: 5969: 5735: 5459: 4694: 4639: 4635: 3962: 3790: 3456: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3352: 3341: 2909: 2657: 2211: 2203: 1958: 1874:

and from new technologies that allow access to movies on any format or device, such as

1556: 1552: 417: 385: 12240: 11701:"Advanced Access Content System (AACS) Blu-ray Disc Pre-recorded Book, Revision 0.912" 8695:"The Authoritative Blu-ray Disc (BD) FAQ – Recording and reading speed" 7432: 6848: 6504: 5946: 5661: 5424:"Sony Develops Next Generation Optical Disk Storage System For the Data Server Market" 15635: 15509: 15484: 15212: 15167: 15117: 15036: 14925: 14843: 14451: 14358: 14172: 14162: 14137: 13176: 13080: 12979: 12719: 12472: 12325: 12199: 10081: 9979: 9147: 8958: 7761: 7464:"Xbox One's next update makes it easier to keep up with friends, and play Blu-ray 3D" 6825: 5885: 5739: 4894: 3966: 3944: 2791: 2779: 2717: 2243: 1666: 1625: 1533: 1493: 1471: 1350: 858: 788: 724: 69:

Data encoding: CLV or Zoned CAV pits-and-lands with interleaved error correction code

10104: 9880:"Advanced Access Content System (AACS) Blu-ray Disc Recordable Book, Revision 0.951" 8850: 8754: 8728: 8220: 8050: 7409: 6157: 4873:

was previously not included in a draft version of the specification from March 2005.

4495: 3953:

Movie distributors have different region-coding policies. Among major U.S. studios,

1686: 15645: 15610: 15590: 15559: 15043: 14663: 14516: 14509: 14270: 14255: 14167: 14147: 14142: 14005: 13475: 13423: 13148: 13027: 12665: 12659: 12593: 12342: 12276: 12191: 12054: 12021: 10855: 9242: 9199:"Pioneer and Mitsubishi Develop Low cost BD-R Discs Using Organic Recording Layers" 8383: 8147: 7716: 6561: 6383: 5727: 5547: 4673: 4660: 4607: 4434:, and HD DVD players cannot play Blu-ray Discs. Some Blu-ray players can also play 4387:

HD program. Other programs known to be capable of circumventing BD+ protection are

4377:

device manufacturers. A list of licensed commercial adopters is available from the

4247: 3982: 3653: 3390: 3322: 2746: 2684: 2239: 2192: 2010: 1714: 1482: 1397: 1294: 1124: 1113: 1109: 593: 320: 95: 80: 11612: 9311: 9014: 2258:

The Blu-ray Disc specification requires the testing of resistance to scratches by

1338:

The first BD-ROM players (Samsung BD-P1000) were shipped in mid-June 2006, though

1104:

pixels), the initial Blu-ray specification defined a maximum resolution of 1080p (

15673: 15554: 15544: 15355: 15315: 15182: 15172: 15112: 14613: 14373: 14260: 14235: 14182: 14036: 12798: 12253: 11520: 11260: 10981: 10962: 10917: 10432: 10165: 10145: 10134: 10088: 9802: 9249: 9230: 9185: 8531: 8178:"Crowdfund This: Boutique, New Doc Chronicles The Rise of Specialty Distributors" 7712: 7026: 6211: 6180: 6114: 6110: 6099: 6076: 6026: 6007: 5164: 5058: 5051: 4956: 4946:

A secondary audio decoder is typically used for interactive audio and commentary.

4532: 4355: 3932: 2609: 2184: 2038:* Some CD-R(W) and DVD-R(W)/DVD+R(W) recorders operate in ZCLV, CAA or CAV modes. 1978: 1915:

games, and the aforementioned game consoles can play back regular Blu-ray Discs.

1892: 1871: 1796: 1780: 1541: 1501: 1374: 1180: 12083:"So, The PS3 Slim Can Bitstream Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio After All?" 11303:"Blu-ray Disc Next-Generation Optical Storage: Protecting Content on the BD-ROM" 9188:

Naoki Asakawa, Nikkei Electronics, Nikkei Business Publications, August 3, 2007.

8600:"White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format, 1.C Physical Format Specifications for BD-ROM" 5409: 2708:), Blu-ray recorders hit the market almost simultaneously with Blu-ray's debut. 15650: 15640: 15600: 15549: 15467: 15420: 15404: 14763: 14499: 14230: 14132: 14000: 13874: 13833: 13785: 13033: 12477: 12207: 10485: 8329: 8296: 8182: 7367: 4897:, i.e. they are stretched to the display aspect ratio by the player or display. 4615: 4524: 4520: 4478: 4439: 4325: 4072: 4049: 3634:

bitrate of 30.24 Mbit/s, and a maximum video bitrate of 29.4 Mbit/s.

3423: 2692: 2179: 2021: 2002: 1384: 1344: 1027: 478: 462: 458: 410: 61: 11866: 9040: 7643:"Sales of Blu-ray Disc Recorders Leave Behind Sales of DVD Recorders in Japan" 6040: 6020:

Full Specs in for Warner's September 26 Lineup; Studio to Go VC-1 for Blu-ray?

5246:"Blu-ray Discs reach 1.5 million sold, HDM still trails DVD's first two years" 4465:

High Fidelity Pure Audio (HFPA) is a marketing initiative, spearheaded by the

1135:

pixels) and progressive frame rates up to 60 frames per second. Aside from an

15688: 15605: 15585: 15526: 15452: 15162: 15058: 15016: 14930: 14858: 14680: 14581: 14557: 14521: 14446: 14421: 14343: 14338: 14083: 14056: 13990: 13930: 13869: 13780: 13775: 13644: 13623: 13613: 13418: 13387: 12766: 12203: 12195: 10111: 9268: 8316: 4768: 4733: 4716: 4679: 4627: 4619: 4594: 4582: 4515: 4179: 3892: 3666: 3451: 3403: 2940:

per second. Currently, with UHD BD-ROM, videos can be stored at a maximum of

2937: 2810: 2559: 2215: 2042: 1998: 1934: 1919: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1699: 1462: 1312: 1136: 1128: 1034: 1011: 1007: 1003: 966: 840: 780: 325: 186:

405 nm diode laser with a focused beam using more power than for reading

12816: 12725: 9971: 8021:"The first 4K Blu-rays are coming early next year, but they all really suck" 6103: 2856:

BDMV Recording specification (defined in September 2006 for BD-RE and BD-R).

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codeveloped BD-R LTH ("Low to High" in groove recording), which features an

15625: 15494: 15489: 15430: 14905: 14833: 14768: 14627: 14504: 14411: 13326: 12623: 12337: 4830: 4655: 4603: 4528: 4470: 4309: 4115: 3958: 3903: 3461: 3427: 3385: 2881: 2701: 2697: 2665: 2653: 2518: 2221: 2196: 2183:

the amount of information that can be stored on a DVD. The lasers are GaN (

1883: 1532:, then a major European retailer, dropped HD DVD from its inventory. Major 1497: 1475: 1427: 1356: 1062: 999: 972: 969: 766: 437: 380: 357: 247: 54: 12828: 12561: 9312:"Quick Blu-ray content (BD, BD-5 and BD-9) authoring guide (PS3+PowerDVD)" 6761:"TDK Announces Blue Laser Disc Technology to Support 200 GB Capacity" 6278:. Incisive Financial Publishing Limited. November 28, 2003. Archived from 5634: 5406:""Panasonic, Sony, Philips and TDK Awarded Emmy For Blu-ray Contribution"" 2032: 15655: 15516: 15499: 15479: 15134: 15001: 14945: 14910: 14900: 14868: 14863: 14853: 14709: 14632: 14536: 14363: 14295: 14225: 14114: 14041: 13618: 13256: 13238: 12931: 12889: 12786: 12780: 12404: 12373: 10955: 10368: 6069: 5974: 4709: 4419: 4400: 4183: 4100: 4068: 4029: 4025: 3333: 2688: 2207: 2187:) laser diodes that produce 405 nm light directly, that is, without 2175: 1994: 1986: 1974: 1703: 1525: 1431: 1236: 266: 171: 13344: 12513: 8539:

Design and Analysis of Parity-Check-Code-Based Optical Recording Systems

7087: 5753: 5722:. Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting, 2004, Monterey, California, US. 4507:

AVCHD was originally developed as a high-definition format for consumer

2798:

enabled PC recording and playback of BD-RE. BD-R can use UDF 2.50/2.60.

15504: 15336: 15192: 15021: 14996: 14778: 14668: 14441: 14436: 14300: 14290: 14265: 14250: 14240: 14187: 14118: 13686: 13654: 13649: 12774: 12689: 12388: 9262:

Verbatim/MKM certified BD-R LTH type media makes performance leap to 6X

5341: 4778: 4764: 4289: 4143: 2680: 2514: 2171: 1970: 1303: 1240: 1195: 1152: 1116: 1023: 863: 655: 585: 223: 12901: 9972:

Jim Taylor; Mark R. Johnson; Charles G. Crawford (November 21, 2005).

7868:"Why Blu-ray is Still Better Than Streaming Today - HomeTheaterReview" 5731: 4837:. Exact composition is different as stated in the body of the article. 4558: 4514:. Derived from the Blu-ray Disc specification, AVCHD shares a similar 15620: 15462: 15442: 15425: 15139: 15031: 15006: 14991: 14783: 14697: 14692: 13955: 13320: 13250: 13217: 13074: 12967: 12949: 12916: 12859: 12853: 12810: 12552: 11228: 11202: 9243:

PS3 firmware update v2.20 available – added support for LTH BD-R

9115:

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics: Regular papers & short notes

8343: 6505:"Warner goes Blu-ray exclusively, delivering crushing blow to HD DVD" 4706: 4511: 4500: 4443: 4305: 4301: 4096: 4037: 4017: 3978: 3947: 2741: 2550:

The quality and data integrity of optical media can be determined by

1787: 1772: 1713:

On August 5, 2015, the BDA announced it would commence licensing the

1650: 1419: 1257: 1249: 1244: 1184: 1077: 888: 709: 651: 557: 553: 533: 525: 490: 168: 14743: 8872: 7301:"Blu-ray Disc Association to Commence Licensing of Ultra HD Blu-ray" 7266: 7173: 7171: 4569: 2592: 2178:. Although the laser is called "blue", its color is actually in the 14838: 14808: 14541: 14526: 14484: 14479: 13628: 13608: 13580: 13045: 12996: 12973: 12822: 11372: 11345:. Blu-ray Disc Association Content Protection Group. Archived from 10478:"1st HD DVD Players To Decode All Mandatory, Optional Audio Codecs" 7961:"The death of the DVD: Why sales dropped more than 86% in 13 years" 7183: 6388: 4508: 4435: 4369:

Execute native code, possibly to patch an otherwise insecure system

4320:, and Sony. Since the appearance of the format on devices in 2006, 4123: 4013: 2672:

is also available in the smaller 8 cm Mini Blu-ray Disc size.

2555: 1982: 1908: 1879: 1776: 1691: 1659: 1513: 1207: 1066: 1015: 848: 795: 690: 647: 529: 521: 474: 470: 466: 128: 121: 114: 11938:"3D specifications finalized for Blu-ray, to hit market next year" 10128:

BD-RE – Audiovisual Application Format Specification for BD-RE 2.1

9489:"128GB BDXL Blu-ray Disc specification finalized... and fabulous!" 8460: 8458: 8456: 7589:. The Digital Entertainment Group. January 6, 2011. Archived from 7554:. The Digital Entertainment Group. January 7, 2010. Archived from 3981:

have released a mix of region-free and region-coded titles. While

15197: 15129: 15048: 15011: 14986: 14976: 14966: 14935: 14848: 14748: 14721: 14494: 14431: 14416: 13586: 13299: 13293: 13220: 13014: 13002: 12834: 12713: 12677: 12647: 12617: 12599: 12414: 12087: 10883: 8225: 7368:"High-Definition Sales Far Behind Standard DVD's First Two Years" 7168: 7057:"TDK Creates 320GB, 10 Layer Blu-ray Disc | High-Def Digest" 6933:"Hitachi Demonstrates 4 Layer BD Playback Using 'Standard Drive'" 6902:"World's first hybrid Blu-ray / DVD disk title released in Japan" 6446: 4578: 4427: 4317: 4285: 4147: 4139: 4131: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4045: 3649: 2631: 2627: 2510: 2498: 2248: 1646: 1537: 1517: 1423: 1323: 1261: 1176: 695: 569: 565: 545: 541: 502: 486: 37: 14981: 12258: 11492: 10974: 9118:. Publication Board, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2007. 7930:"Why DVDS and Blu-rays remain essential in the age of streaming" 7516:"Disc Sales: 'Dark Knight' Blu-ray Breaks 1M First-Week Barrier" 6447:"BD+ Technologies Launches Content Protection Licensing Program" 5878:"AACS copy protection for Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD delayed again" 4268: 2721:

lower costs of production than the 25/50 GB Blu-ray media.

1608: 15260: 15244: 15084: 14873: 14823: 14818: 14803: 13985: 13975: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13408: 13098: 12635: 12611: 12116:"How to get the best 3D Blu-Ray experience with PlayStation VR" 10543: 10387: 9795: 9224:

Taiyo Yuden, Mitsubishi and Maxell Release First LTH BD-R Discs

8453: 8379:"Streaming Isn't Everything, and Blu-rays Are Back to Prove It" 8143:"The Best Boutique Blu-ray Distributors (Who Aren't Criterion)" 7842:"Are DVD and Blu-Ray Players Still Worth Buying? – Review Geek" 6968: 4544: 4431: 4388: 4384: 4329: 4191: 4135: 4084: 4076: 4064: 4041: 3360: 2730: 2716:

The BD9 format was proposed to the Blu-ray Disc Association by

2502: 2294: 2170:

uses a 650 nm red laser, Blu-ray Disc uses a 405 nm "

1548: 1447: 1389: 1339: 1277: 1172: 718: 714: 675: 642: 600: 537: 517: 498: 446: 365: 28: 12234: 12143: 12141: 9087: 8312:"Saturday Feature: 'Those with loaded guns and those who dig'" 7235: 6532:"Consumers, analysts, retailers give HD DVD the cold shoulder" 2924:

does not come with the codecs required to play Blu-ray Discs.

2827:

Blu-ray Recordable Disc File System Specifications version 1.0

2819:

Blu-ray Rewritable Disc File System Specifications version 2.0

1065:. Conventional (or "pre-BD-XL") Blu-ray discs contain 25 15378: 15026: 14940: 14813: 14798: 14753: 14020: 13950: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13526: 13506: 13428: 13403: 13244: 13226: 12883: 12877: 12871: 12804: 12743: 12737: 12701: 12544: 12378: 11585: 11400:"Samsung's Disposable Blu-ray Player Won't Play New Blu-rays" 4702: 4622:. As of 2018, most major home entertainment studios, such as 4490: 4474: 4297: 4187: 4119: 4033: 4021: 3522: 3369: 3365: 3337: 2897: 2893: 2726: 1707: 1629: 1489:

as key to their decision to support the Blu-ray Disc format.

1466: 1439: 1300:

The recording layer on which the data is stored lies under a

1144: 995: 991: 701: 668: 549: 513: 482: 454: 90: 15332:

Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor

12149:"4K Blu-ray discs arriving in 2015 to fight streaming media" 9282:"BD9 Licensing Further Delays The Launch of Blu-ray Burners" 7616:"Blu-ray is Being Adopted Much Faster Than DVD 11 Years Ago" 4276:

The Advanced Access Content System (AACS) is a standard for

4234: 1612:

Front of an experimental 200 GB rewritable Blu-ray Disc

15266: 15063: 15053: 14961: 14920: 14604: 14051: 14015: 13848: 13755: 13568: 13480: 13268: 12755: 12409: 12383: 12152: 12138: 11964:"Blu-ray Disc Association Announces Final 3D Specification" 11457:"Advanced Access Content System ("AACS") Adopter Agreement" 11309: 10850: 10604: 9179:

Hitachi First in Industry to Release Blu-ray Disc Camcorder

7994:"Ultra HD Blu-ray Players Probably Won't Arrive Until 2016" 7965: 7403: 7215: 5909:"Burning Questions: No Copying From First High-Def Players" 5695: 5427: 4611: 4550: 4341: 4324:

have been made on it. The first known attack relied on the

3690: 3643: 3381: 3377: 3356: 3329: 2506: 2501:

interface, the maximum exploitable drive speed is 288

2299: 2069: 1954: 1393: 1253: 1215: 1163: 1093: 1085: 1081: 987: 984: 494: 450: 227: 201: 85: 12268: 12263: 11675:"The Hassle-Free Guide to Ripping Your Blu-ray Collection" 9338:"Mini Blu-ray Disc: Guide for mini-Blu-ray-Disc Authoring" 6591:

Chmielewski, Dawn C.; Wallace, Bruce (February 20, 2008).

5276:"Sony Buys a Facebook Spinoff to Give New Life to Blu-ray" 4759:

Comparison of video player software: Optical media ability

4705:

than supported by conventional Blu-ray video by using the

3973:

have released most of their titles free of region-coding.

15347: 14793: 13935: 13910: 13008: 12895: 12749: 12671: 10846:"Blu-ray Profile 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 explained—Ask the Editors" 10356: 7815:"Blu-ray Disks (BD) - blue laser optical disk technology" 7202: 4834: 4503:

Blu-ray player DMP-BD60 (late 2009) compatible with AVCHD

4313: 3662: 2705: 2661: 2602: 2565:

Errors on Blu-Ray media are measured using the so-called

2235: 2167: 1969:

A boutique Blu-ray label or specialty Blu-ray label is a

1930: 1634: 1509: 1505: 1443: 1265: 1232: 1219: 1097: 1002:

and for the physical distribution of video games for the

976: 508: 303: 11811:"Sony BDP-S1 Blu-ray Disc Player — Product Profile" 11297: 11295: 9459:"Format Specification – R3 Format Specification (BDXL™)" 5206:"Toshiba Announces Discontinuation of HD DVD Businesses" 4606:

is used on a small minority of Blu-ray 3D releases, and

3384:) typically used for most titles. Some studios, such as 2866:): A high definition audio disc using the Blu-ray format 14573: 11613:"DumpHD – a HD-DVD / Blu-ray Decrypter – Doom9's Forum" 8637:"White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format, General, 5th Edition" 8560: 6731:"TDK: Ok, we're done with the 200GB recordable Blu-Ray" 6625:. Reuters (the Hollywood Reporter). February 21, 2008. 6104:

Ghosts I-IV Deluxe Edition Package (HALO Twenty Six DE)

4423: 11274:"Region-Free 4k UHD Blu-ray Players: Fact or Fiction?" 10956:"How does regional coding work in the computer space?" 9429:"Blu-ray Disc Association Unveils 128GB Specification" 9364:"White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format General, 3rd Edition" 8835: 7731:"U.S. Which UK DVD Rental Sites Offer Blu-ray Rental?" 5692:"TOPPAN and Sony Successfully Develop 25GB Paper Disc" 2745:

128 GB BDXL quadruple-layer disc manufactured by

994:). The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for 139:(Up to four layers are possible in a standard form BD) 11292: 7789:"What You Need to do Before You Buy a Blu-ray Player" 6763:(Press release). TDK. August 31, 2006. Archived from 6753: 5337:"Sony Unveils Prototype 20GB Rewritable Optical Disk" 1272:(Ultra Density Optical), and DVR Blue (together with 10055:. Blu-ray Disc Association. March 2005. p. 15. 9965: 7490:"Disc Sales: 'Dark Knight' Tops 600K On Release Day" 7275:"Ultra HD Blu-ray Discs being researched by the BDA" 7088:"FSony, Panasonic Propose Blu-ray Capacity Increase" 3677:(GEM) standard; GEM is the worldwide version of the 3402:

For audio, BD-ROM players are required to implement

11489:"Response to Reports of Attacks on AACS Technology" 10435:. Blu-rayStats.com. Retrieved on December 22, 2010. 10082:

Glossary – BD-MV (Blu-ray Movie) and BDAV container

9064: 9062: 7241: 6623:"All Hollywood studios now lined up behind Blu-ray" 4829:This is the same as previous optical media formats 4366:

Verify that the player's keys have not been changed

2539: 2210:and depends on the wavelength of the light and the 1508:—though in Europe, HBO's distribution partner, the 15316:Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College 13543:Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats 10965:us.blu-raydisc.com FAQ Retrieved October 24, 2009. 9790: 9788: 8248: 6590: 6242:"Toshiba, NEC Share Details of Blue-Laser Storage" 6212:"Forum to weigh Microsoft's Corona as DVD encoder" 4754:Comparison of popular optical data-storage systems 4749:Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats 4618:can also be used to watch these movies in 3D on a 4454: 4219:The Blu-ray Disc format employs several layers of 662:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD) 14073:List of digital television deployments by country 12247:Blu-ray Disc Association's Technical White Papers 11913:. reghardware.co.uk. May 20, 2009. Archived from 10591: 8781:"Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment" 8403: 8401: 7719:. December 14, 2009. Retrieved December 14, 2009. 7211:"Sony 'mastered in 4K' Blu-rays a mixed blessing" 6029:, BLU-RAY NEWS, High-Def Digest, August 30, 2006. 5720:A 25-GB paper disc based on the blu-ray structure 5368: 5366: 5364: 5230:Yomiuri Shimbun. Page 1. July 19, 2009. Ver. 13S. 4257: 2833:). Additionally, a new application format, BDMV ( 2696:Unlike with the previous releases of 120 mm 2554:, of which higher rates may be an indication for 1729: 15686: 9935: 9933: 9070:"Verbatim to Launch World's First Mini BD Media" 9059: 8891: 8372: 8370: 8348:"Idealistic Lawmen Taking Crime Very Personally" 7899:"The State of Streaming Video vs. Blu-ray Discs" 7399:"Report: Microsoft says no Blu-ray for Xbox 360" 7272: 6705:"Hitachi Demos Four-Layer Blu-ray Disc Playback" 6679:"TDK Announces 100GB Blue Laser Disc Technology" 5939:"Toshiba Starts Selling HD DVD Players in Japan" 5785:"Blu-ray Disc developers complete specification" 2206:" on which a laser can be focused is limited by 1333: 1147:, videos with non-standard resolutions must use 12180:"Ultra HD Blu-ray Format Video Characteristics" 11578: 11427:"'Avatar' Blu-rays Have Some Buyers Seeing Red" 9785: 8843:"View All Discontinued LG Burners & Drives" 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8200: 7722: 7706:Hollywood hopes an ensemble cast boosts Blu-ray 7027:"Pioneer showcases 16-layer 400GB optical disc" 6787:"Hitachi to produce 200GB Blu-ray disc in 2009" 5185:"Blu-ray Disc Association Settles on 8K Format" 3317:For video, all players are required to process 1808:Blu-ray Disc sales in United States and Canada 14113: 13450:China High-definition DVD Industry Association 11449: 10660:"First Blu-ray record, Divertimenti, released" 9755: 9753: 9751: 9749: 8398: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 7672:Richtel, Matt; Stone, Brad (January 5, 2009). 7508: 7177: 5361: 5157:"DVD Frequently Asked Questions (and Answers)" 5061:. Blu-ray.com. Retrieved on December 22, 2010. 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 3438:Specification of BD-ROM Primary audio streams 2801:The Blu-ray Disc application for recording of 1218:award for his pioneering contributions to the 15363: 15153: 14589: 14099: 13702: 13360: 12529: 12284: 11254:"First Region Free Blu-ray Players Available" 9930: 9422: 9420: 9399:"BDXL Spec Upgrades Blu-ray Storage to 128GB" 9393: 9391: 9304: 8865: 8790:. Serial ATA Working Group. January 7, 2003. 8367: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8165: 7584:"DEG Year-end 2010 Home Entertainment Report" 7549:"DEG Year-end 2009 Home Entertainment Report" 7482: 6593:"Blu-ray winner by KO in high-definition war" 5208:(Press release). Toshiba. February 19, 2008. 1694:. A 4K Blu-ray Disc player was also released. 1256:commenced two projects in collaboration with 935: 11733:"Can Blu-ray Disc products play DVD and CD?" 10687:"Blu-ray Disc Assn. promotes new Bonus View" 10572:. 2005 JavaOne conference, Session TS-7091. 10558: 10500: 10122: 10120: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9630: 8687: 8496: 8197: 7671: 7578: 7576: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7208: 7025:Hwang, Adam; Hsu, Jimmy (December 1, 2008). 4214: 1235:format was limited by the wavelength of the 1183:(VOD) and DVD. In January 2016, 44% of U.S. 1127:players extending the maximum resolution to 11867:"AVCHD Information Web Site press releases" 11263:engadgethd.com. Retrieved October 24, 2009. 10365:"HDMI Enhanced Black Levels, xvYCC and RGB" 9746: 8921: 8568:"White paper, Blu-ray Disc Format, General" 8125: 7433:"PS4 will add Blu-ray 3D support next week" 4876: 3351:MPEG-2 was used by many studios (including 2046:Comparison of various optical storage media 15370: 15356: 14596: 14582: 14106: 14092: 13709: 13695: 13367: 13353: 12536: 12522: 12291: 12277: 12239: 11579:Kingsley-Hughes, Adrian (March 19, 2008). 11177:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics 20th Century Fox" 10843: 10706:"High-Def FAQ: Blu-ray Profiles Explained" 10657: 10444: 10168:(PDF) Page 22, Retrieved on July 28, 2009. 10044: 10042: 10009: 10007: 9872: 9678:. Blu-ray Disc Association. Archived from 9417: 9388: 8490: 8162: 7896: 6523: 3637: 2637: 2546:Optical disc § Surface error scanning 2528:have reached writing speeds of up to 16× ( 2229: 1964: 1775:did not make a Blu-ray Disc drive for the 1407: 1080:specification has a maximum resolution of 942: 928: 13374: 12543: 11554:"SlySoft's latest AnyDVD beta cracks BD+" 10844:Moskovciak, Matthew (September 9, 2008). 10597: 10475: 10117: 9644:"Blu-ray: All Books: As of December 2009" 9627: 8523: 7728: 7573: 7534: 7365: 6319: 5268: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4761:, for a list of software BD video players 4409: 4241:High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 4235:High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 1051:inches) in diameter and 1.2 millimetres ( 13716: 11693: 11397: 10600:"Java to appear in next-gen DVD players" 10513:. Blu-ray Disc Association. April 2010. 10329: 10099: 10097: 8959:"Blu-ray Disc (BD) – InfoTip Kompendium" 8757:. Everythingusb.com. November 17, 2008. 8631: 8629: 8627: 8471:. Blu-ray Disc Association. March 2007. 7927: 7839: 7396: 7361: 7359: 7242:Melissa J. Perenson (January 14, 2013). 7118:"BD-R white paper, 5th ed, October 2010" 7024: 6875:"Blu-ray/ DVD Combo ROM Disc Technology" 6529: 6449:. BD+ Technologies, LLC. June 28, 2007. 6351:Beaumont, Claudine (February 23, 2008). 6350: 6300: 6079:, 2L the Nordic sound website May 2008, 6001:Sony Rearranges Blu-ray Release Schedule 5970:"Samsung Ships the First Blu-ray Player" 5906: 5844: 5659: 5452: 5307:"Blu-ray Struggles in the Streaming Age" 5182: 4845: 4843: 4568: 4494: 4267: 3902: 2952:video at either 59.94p and 50p formats. 2809:(BDAV). The requirements related to the 2764: 2740: 2591: 2041: 2031: 1981:" or "special edition" releases, deluxe 1685: 1607: 1544:said they would no longer carry HD DVD. 1239:used. Following protracted development, 1206: 1194: 15631:Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator 12113: 12017:"PS3 goes 3D on 10 June [2010]" 11996:from the original on September 24, 2010 11990:"PS3 System Software Update (ver 3.50)" 11817:from the original on September 24, 2008 11581:"SlySoft cracks Blu-ray BD+ encryption" 11229:"Help – The Criterion Collection (11.)" 11203:"Help – The Criterion Collection (20.)" 10975:"Latest Confirmed Region Free Blu-rays" 10876: 10760:"Hellboy II: The Golden Army (Blu-ray)" 10272:. Blu-ray Disc Association. July 2015. 10240:. Blu-ray Disc Association. July 2011. 10157:Blu-ray Disc Association (August 2004) 10039: 10004: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9426: 8773: 8478:from the original on September 28, 2011 8376: 8320:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. WP7 8073:"Maxell focuses on holographic storage" 7958: 7378:from the original on September 10, 2009 7067:from the original on September 15, 2020 7006:from the original on September 14, 2020 6797:from the original on September 15, 2020 6659:from the original on September 14, 2020 6415:Prange, Stephanie (February 23, 2007). 6209: 6178: 6051:from the original on September 14, 2007 5907:Perenson, Melissa J. (March 21, 2006). 5497:from the original on September 26, 2007 5240: 5238: 5236: 4906:Also known as Initial Standard profile. 4849:Only supported on UltraHD Blu-ray with 4784:High-definition optical disc format war 4697:(HDR) by increasing the color depth to 4557:and in this regard it is comparable to 4048:(excluding Australia and New Zealand), 2932:Originally, BD-ROMs stored video up to 1895:. Blu-ray Discs are used to distribute 1876:Digital Entertainment Content Ecosystem 1414:High-definition optical disc format war 1171:, where Blu-ray Disc competed with the 1169:high-definition optical disc format war 1061:inch) thick, the same size as DVDs and 914:High-definition optical disc format war 15715:Computer-related introductions in 2006 15687: 14563:Stereoscopic Displays and Applications 13130:CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc) 13110: 12047: 12014: 11970:from the original on December 20, 2009 11935: 11739:from the original on February 18, 2009 11672: 11491:. AACS. April 16, 2007. Archived from 11406:from the original on December 16, 2013 11235:from the original on February 20, 2017 11209:from the original on February 20, 2017 10766:from the original on February 18, 2009 10739:from the original on February 17, 2009 10730: 10712:from the original on December 22, 2007 10630: 10362: 10332:"Blu-ray Disc To Support MPEG-4, VC-1" 10330:Williams, Martyn (September 2, 2004). 10311:from the original on December 21, 2008 10304:. Blu-ray Disc Association. May 2005. 10179:"Technical White Papers — BD ROM" 10126:Blu-ray Disc Association (March 2008) 10062:from the original on December 21, 2008 9570: 9568: 9566: 9405:from the original on November 19, 2010 9205:from the original on February 25, 2008 8879:from the original on September 4, 2018 8823:from the original on February 20, 2014 8735:from the original on February 22, 2014 8705:from the original on December 23, 2009 8675:from the original on February 21, 2014 8573:. Blu-ray Disc Founders. August 2004. 8497:Singla, Naveen; O’Sullivan, Joseph A. 8276: 8218: 8027:from the original on December 10, 2016 8000:from the original on December 27, 2015 7991: 7768:from the original on December 20, 2019 7760:Watson, Stephanie (October 16, 2004). 7759: 7741:from the original on September 9, 2009 7640: 7522:from the original on February 19, 2009 7518:. High-Def Digest. December 17, 2008. 7496:from the original on February 24, 2009 7492:. High-Def Digest. December 11, 2008. 7461: 7430: 7366:Gallagher, Brian (February 20, 2008). 7344:from the original on February 11, 2020 7085: 6964:"Hitachi showcases 100GB Blu-ray disc" 6961: 6930: 6629:from the original on February 25, 2008 6572:from the original on February 23, 2008 6542:from the original on February 18, 2011 6471: 6414: 6396:from the original on February 25, 2008 6038: 5875: 5845:Williams, Martyn (December 14, 2005). 5826:from the original on December 18, 2008 5764:from the original on December 17, 2007 5455:"New High-Capacity DVD to Hold 22.5GB" 5386:from the original on February 24, 2014 5379:. Blu-ray Disc Founders. August 2004. 5304: 5212:from the original on February 25, 2008 5178: 5176: 5174: 5128: 5078:from the original on February 14, 2014 5033:from the original on February 22, 2014 4856: 4774:Disk-drive performance characteristics 3907:Regions for the Blu-ray Disc standard: 3616:48 kHz, 96 kHz, 192 kHz 3610:48 kHz, 96 kHz, 192 kHz 3601:48 kHz, 96 kHz, 192 kHz 2199:use 780 nm near-infrared lasers. 1672:maximum likelihood sequence estimation 1562: 753:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD) 636:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD) 589: 155:2 KB sector, 64 KB ECC-block 15351: 14577: 14087: 13690: 13348: 12517: 12272: 12177: 12159:from the original on October 13, 2014 12080: 11982: 11623:from the original on February 3, 2016 11560:from the original on February 8, 2010 11551: 11398:Northrup, Laura (September 6, 2013). 11337: 10793:from the original on February 2, 2009 10784: 10757: 10703: 10564: 10457:from the original on October 18, 2011 10344:from the original on January 22, 2009 10247:from the original on October 28, 2015 10215:from the original on October 16, 2015 10185:from the original on January 10, 2010 10094: 10074: 9941:"Blu-ray: All Books: As of June 2010" 9773:from the original on January 24, 2011 9499:from the original on November 8, 2019 9292:from the original on November 6, 2007 9047:from the original on January 20, 2016 8929:"Blu-Ray Writing Quality Tests Vol 2" 8624: 8309: 8246: 8141:Kozak, Oktay Ege (December 5, 2017). 8140: 8018: 7928:Suderman, Peter (December 27, 2016). 7878:from the original on November 5, 2019 7795:from the original on December 8, 2019 7786: 7686:from the original on December 4, 2011 7356: 7277:. expertreviews.co.uk. Archived from 7273:Gareth Halfacree (January 16, 2013). 7254:from the original on January 16, 2013 7037:from the original on January 28, 2013 6943:from the original on October 11, 2011 6855:from the original on December 3, 2013 6846: 6818:"Three HD Layers Today, Ten Tomorrow" 6711:from the original on October 11, 2007 6562:"Toshiba drops out of the HD DVD war" 6381: 6332:from the original on October 21, 2007 6134:from the original on October 18, 2008 6039:Bracke, Peter M. (October 10, 2006). 5982:from the original on December 6, 2012 5967: 5795:from the original on November 3, 2007 5782: 5615:from the original on February 2, 2017 5256:from the original on February 5, 2015 5149: 5110:from the original on October 14, 2012 4955:Although titles released by Warner's 4915:Also known as Final Standard profile. 4840: 4593:Sony added Blu-ray 3D support to its 2936:pixel resolution at up to 60 (59.94) 2844: 2656:formats that can be recorded with an 2517:(SATA, 150 MB/s) nor the latest 1485:cited Blu-ray Discs' adoption of the 233:1.2 mm (0.047 in) thickness 15755:Rotating disc computer storage media 13087:HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc) 12062:from the original on August 16, 2011 12050:"PS3 System Software Update (v3.70)" 11966:. Business Wire. December 17, 2009. 11911:"Blu-ray brains create 3D taskforce" 11641: 11514:Content Protection – BD+ and Blu-ray 11437:from the original on August 30, 2014 11424: 11364: 10877:Rothman, Wilson (October 24, 2007). 10813:"Sony BDP-BX1 player specifications" 10684: 10579:from the original on August 19, 2011 10476:Palenchar, Joseph (April 10, 2006). 10445:Fitzgerald, Shawn (April 23, 2008). 10151: 9885:. September 28, 2009. Archived from 9594: 9582:from the original on August 26, 2010 9469:from the original on August 12, 2019 9146:. Optical Society of America. 2006. 9094:from the original on October 4, 2006 8939:from the original on January 7, 2010 8731:. Everythingusb.com. February 2007. 8419:from the original on October 5, 2015 8377:Raferty, Brian (December 12, 2018). 8342: 8175: 8113:from the original on January 2, 2022 8103:"Holographic storage bites the dust" 7992:Wilcox, James K. (October 9, 2015). 7729:Kukiewicz, Julia (January 7, 2009). 7098:from the original on January 8, 2010 6996:"Hitachi's 100GB Blu-ray disc drive" 6849:"JVC Develops Dual Blu-ray-DVD Disc" 6511:from the original on October 4, 2008 6272:"DVD Forum backs Toshiba-NEC format" 6210:Yoshida, Junko (December 12, 2001). 6191:from the original on August 28, 2008 5919:from the original on October 9, 2007 5857:from the original on October 5, 2007 5813: 5558:from the original on August 15, 2007 5453:Williams, Martyn (October 5, 2000). 5317:from the original on January 9, 2017 5233: 5183:Chinnock, Chris (January 22, 2018). 4805:List of Blu-ray player manufacturers 2880:Audio, video, and other streams are 2620: 1733: 1566: 1434:. The proposal involved compressing 1143:pixels) Blu-ray format exclusive to 12126:from the original on March 20, 2020 11944:from the original on March 23, 2010 11873:from the original on April 19, 2009 11847:from the original on April 23, 2020 11791:from the original on March 10, 2012 11642:Seff, Jonathan (January 20, 2010). 11373:"Don't buy HD-DVD or Blu-ray disks" 11370: 11319:from the original on March 31, 2007 11151:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics Lionsgate" 11047:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics Universal" 11021:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics Paramount" 10920:, afterdawn.com, December 22, 2010. 10785:Brown, Kenneth (November 9, 2008). 10758:Zyber, Joshua (November 11, 2008). 10704:Zyber, Joshua (November 23, 2007). 10658:Fruhlinger, Joshua (May 28, 2008). 10635:. Music Information Centre Norway. 10598:Shankland, Steven (June 26, 2005). 10447:"Superman Returns Review (Blu-ray)" 9992:from the original on March 12, 2023 9563: 9376:from the original on March 13, 2013 9160:from the original on March 12, 2023 9122:from the original on March 12, 2023 8761:from the original on April 30, 2009 8548:from the original on April 15, 2012 8529: 8439:"3. Laser Diodes for Blu-ray Discs" 7973:from the original on March 29, 2020 7959:Whitten, Sarah (November 8, 2019). 7897:Marterello, John (March 13, 2019). 7641:Shilov, Anton (December 10, 2008). 7314:from the original on August 8, 2015 6931:Harada, Mamoru (January 11, 2007). 6899: 6815: 6741:from the original on April 11, 2020 6530:Bangeman, Eric (January 29, 2008). 6384:"How the PS3 led Blu-ray's triumph" 5876:Morris, Craig (February 14, 2006). 5660:Williams, Martyn (August 5, 2004). 5545: 5171: 5129:Butler, Harry (February 23, 2011). 5103:. rda-jsc.org. September 13, 2012. 4997:from the original on March 13, 2013 4667: 4190:is "JP" (19024 or hex 0x4a50), and 3426:5.1 and 7.1 surround sound formats 3414:. Players may optionally implement 2896:and can use the filename extension 2875: 2796:optical disc recording technologies 2161: 1989:, Canadian International Pictures, 1158:The BD format was developed by the 13: 12029:from the original on June 29, 2011 11936:Chabot, Jeff (December 17, 2009). 11681:from the original on July 21, 2010 11654:from the original on July 31, 2010 11552:Murph, Darren (November 7, 2007). 11379:from the original on June 26, 2010 10892:from the original on July 11, 2011 10731:Bracke, Peter (October 28, 2008). 10631:Lysvåg, Christian (May 29, 2008). 10612:from the original on March 3, 2012 10540:"What is Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD?" 9953:from the original on July 21, 2011 9734:from the original on June 30, 2010 9551:from the original on June 28, 2010 9525:from the original on June 30, 2010 9344:from the original on July 12, 2008 9318:from the original on March 4, 2008 9021:from the original on June 19, 2015 8909:from the original on July 15, 2021 8797:from the original on March 7, 2019 8580:from the original on June 12, 2009 8083:from the original on July 22, 2012 8019:Welch, Chris (November 11, 2015). 7940:from the original on March 4, 2020 7848:from the original on July 11, 2019 7840:Heinzman, Andrew (July 19, 2019). 7622:from the original on June 10, 2008 7470:from the original on July 24, 2014 7443:from the original on July 24, 2014 7178:Richard Lawler (January 7, 2013). 7156:from the original on July 26, 2010 7130:from the original on March 7, 2019 6962:Turton, Stuart (October 3, 2007). 6912:from the original on March 8, 2013 6649:"TDK announces 100GB Blu-ray disc" 6502: 6484:from the original on March 1, 2008 6472:Singel, Ryan (February 26, 2008). 6453:from the original on March 7, 2009 6320:Katzmaier, David (June 30, 2006). 6222:from the original on April 5, 2004 6154:"Blu-ray/HD DVD releases in Japan" 6070:Trondheimsolistene – in folk style 5726:. Vol. 5380. pp. 21–27. 5672:from the original on July 17, 2015 5602: 5527:from the original on July 17, 2011 5345:. October 29, 1998. Archived from 5286:from the original on March 6, 2017 5137:from the original on April 6, 2014 4800:List of optical disc manufacturers 3684: 3669:suggested that the inclusion of a 3652:trade show, it was announced that 3554: (48 kHz, 96 kHz), 3541: (48 kHz, 96 kHz), 2774:Blu-ray Disc specifies the use of 1723:triple-layer discs, respectively. 14: 15796: 15695:Audiovisual introductions in 2006 12226: 12095:from the original on July 9, 2012 11280:from the original on July 3, 2017 11183:from the original on July 8, 2011 11157:from the original on July 8, 2011 11131:from the original on July 8, 2011 11105:from the original on July 8, 2011 11079:from the original on July 8, 2011 11053:from the original on July 8, 2011 11027:from the original on July 8, 2011 11001:from the original on July 8, 2011 10937:from the original on June 2, 2011 10685:Ault, Susanne (October 7, 2007). 10666:from the original on July 5, 2008 10639:from the original on June 1, 2008 10520:from the original on July 8, 2011 10508:"White paper Blu-ray Disc Format" 10375:from the original on May 11, 2013 10279:from the original on June 5, 2016 10027:from the original on July 8, 2011 9918:from the original on July 2, 2010 9860:from the original on July 8, 2011 9828:from the original on July 8, 2011 9708:from the original on July 1, 2010 9615:from the original on July 1, 2010 9545:"RE4 Format Specification (BDXL)" 8995:from the original on July 5, 2013 8817:"How To Install A Blu-ray Burner" 8612:from the original on May 31, 2019 8221:"10 Best Boutique Blu-Ray Brands" 8219:Jarvis, Henry (August 12, 2022). 8049:. August 23, 2004. Archived from 7821:from the original on May 10, 2015 7787:Silva, Robert (January 4, 2021). 7462:Lawler, Richard (July 23, 2014). 7431:Lawler, Richard (July 23, 2014). 7397:Ricciuti, Mike (March 18, 2008). 7223:from the original on May 10, 2013 7190:from the original on May 18, 2013 6900:Lim, Daniel (December 19, 2008). 6382:Smale, Will (February 19, 2008). 6248:. August 29, 2002. Archived from 6010:. High-Def Digest, June 15, 2006. 5641:from the original on June 2, 2009 5584:from the original on June 3, 2009 5487:"Sony Shows 'DVR-Blue' Prototype" 5434:from the original on July 2, 2011 5374:"White paper Blu-ray Disc Format" 5305:Morris, Chris (January 8, 2016). 4981:"White Paper Blu-ray Disc Format" 4350:and is based on their concept of 2884:and stored on Blu-ray Discs in a 2027: 1944: 1528:dropping HD DVD in their stores. 1492:On January 4, 2008, a day before 1307:protective layer and on top of a 1199:A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc ( 1187:households had a Blu-ray player. 975:format designed to supersede the 15669: 15668: 13740:Ultra-high-definition television 13124:HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc) 12497: 12496: 12171: 12107: 12081:Allen, Danny (August 21, 2009). 12074: 12041: 12008: 11956: 11929: 11903: 11885: 11859: 11829: 11803: 11777: 11759:"LG BH100 Blu-ray/HD DVD player" 11751: 11725: 11673:Gordon, Whitson (June 9, 2010). 11666: 11635: 11605: 11572: 11545: 11526: 11507: 11481: 11418: 11391: 11338:Ajima, Kosuke (March 29, 2006). 11331: 11266: 11247: 11221: 11195: 11169: 11143: 11117: 11099:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics Disney" 11091: 11065: 11039: 11013: 10995:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics Warner" 10987: 10968: 10949: 10923: 10904: 10870: 10837: 10818:. August 5, 2009. Archived from 10805: 10778: 10751: 10724: 10697: 10678: 10651: 10624: 10532: 10469: 10438: 10419: 10363:DeBoer, Clint (April 16, 2008). 10323: 10291: 10259: 10227: 10197: 10171: 10159:Blu-ray Disc Format, White paper 9904: 9840: 9808: 9796:What is Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD? 9728:"R3 Format Specification (BDXL)" 9720: 9694: 9668: 9537: 9519:"R3 Format Specification (BDXL)" 9511: 9481: 9451: 9427:McGlaun, Shane (April 6, 2010). 9356: 9330: 9274: 9255: 9236: 9217: 9191: 9172: 9134: 9106: 9080: 9033: 9007: 8981: 8969:from the original on May 2, 2015 8951: 8809: 8747: 8721: 8661: 8592: 8431: 8336: 8303: 8277:DeFore, John (August 19, 2009). 8270: 8247:Hertz, Barry (January 5, 2023). 8240: 8095: 8065: 8039: 8012: 7985: 7952: 7921: 7909:from the original on May 8, 2022 7890: 7860: 7833: 7086:Dreuth, Josh (January 4, 2010). 6816:Yam, Marcus (January 10, 2007). 6179:Yoshida, Junko (March 1, 2002). 5945:. March 31, 2006. Archived from 5816:"Can Odd Alliance Beat Pirates?" 5546:Fox, Barry (February 19, 2002). 5131:"Pioneer BDXL BDR-206MBK Review" 4949: 4940: 4931: 4918: 4909: 4900: 3364:storage of bonus content in HD ( 2596:Blu-ray case (often blue-tinted) 2540:Media quality and data integrity 2076:Standard disc size, single layer 1738: 1619:ultra-high-definition television 1571: 1226: 909:History of optical storage media 629:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) 364: 36: 27: 14203:Vergence-accommodation conflict 13398:China Blue High-definition Disc 12364:Blu-ray & HD-DVD comparison 12178:Smith, Michael D. (July 2016). 12114:Kidwell, Essa (April 4, 2019). 12048:Lempel, Eric (August 9, 2011). 12015:Lempel, Eric (April 21, 2010). 11706:. July 27, 2006. Archived from 7807: 7780: 7753: 7698: 7665: 7634: 7608: 7455: 7424: 7390: 7326: 7293: 7142: 7110: 7079: 7049: 7018: 6988: 6955: 6924: 6893: 6867: 6840: 6809: 6779: 6723: 6697: 6671: 6641: 6615: 6584: 6554: 6496: 6465: 6439: 6408: 6375: 6353:"Blu-ray Wins — Telegraph" 6344: 6313: 6301:Sweeting, Paul (July 6, 2007). 6294: 6264: 6234: 6203: 6172: 6146: 6120: 6086: 6063: 6032: 6013: 5994: 5961: 5931: 5900: 5869: 5847:"Toshiba Hints at HD DVD Delay" 5838: 5807: 5783:Smith, Tony (January 6, 2006). 5776: 5746: 5711: 5684: 5653: 5627: 5596: 5570: 5539: 5509: 5479: 5446: 5416: 5398: 5329: 5298: 5224: 5198: 5163:. June 27, 2013. Archived from 4851:HEVC video compression standard 4455:High Fidelity Pure Audio (BD-A) 4352:Self-Protecting Digital Content 4286:AS Licensing Administrator, LLC 4250:in the media stream called the 3937:television production companies 3898: 3895:. Internet is required to use. 3857:Internet connection capability 2870: 2265: 1870:Blu-ray faces competition from 1681: 1231:The information density of the 15785:Optical computer storage media 15540:Amplified spontaneous emission 14717:Sony Music Entertainment Japan 14705:Sony Interactive Entertainment 11425:Lang, Brent (April 29, 2010). 11073:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics Sony" 10139:Technical White Papers – BD RE 8310:Marsh, Calum (July 13, 2019). 7618:. InfoNIAC.com. June 9, 2008. 5605:"Sony BDZ-S77 Recorder Review" 5548:"Replacement for DVD unveiled" 5252:. AOL Inc. February 16, 2008. 5122: 5090: 5064: 5045: 5009: 4973: 4823: 4430:, Blu-ray players cannot play 4394: 4264:Advanced Access Content System 4258:Advanced Access Content System 3931:As with the implementation of 2813:system have been specified in 2711: 2118:Standard disc size, XL 4 layer 2104:Standard disc size, XL 3 layer 2090:Standard disc size, dual layer 1730:Future scope and market trends 1: 14369:Stereo photography techniques 13114: 13018: 11893:"AVREC Format Specifications" 11534:US application 2010169663 11340:"Overview of BD-ROM security" 11125:"Blu-ray Disc Statistics MGM" 10984:. Retrieved October 24, 2009. 10148:, Retrieved on July 28, 2009. 10114:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009. 10091:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009. 9805:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009. 9043:. Acronova Technologies Inc. 8176:Mack, Andrew (June 6, 2023). 5814:Dean, Katie (July 15, 2004). 4966: 4928:by record label Lindberg Lyd. 4893:These resolutions are stored 4651:Transformers: The Last Knight 4564: 4449: 2769: 1388:. The earliest releases used 1334:Launch and sales developments 615:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD) 15286:(umbrella company in the US) 14654:Sony Semiconductor Solutions 14379:Stereoscopic depth rendition 12184:SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 11644:"Blu-ray ripping on the Mac" 11371:Lee, Matt (March 24, 2006). 10181:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9978:. McGraw Hill Professional. 9914:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9730:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9704:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9611:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9578:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9547:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 9521:. Blu-ray Disc Association. 7209:Seamus Byrne (May 1, 2013). 6474:"How Crypto Won the DVD War" 6041:"Click: Blu-ray Disc review" 5968:Costa, Dan (June 15, 2006). 5662:"New Blu-ray Details Emerge" 5637:. ITworld. October 4, 2002. 4691:High Efficiency Video Coding 4473:, it has been compared with 4203:player software, not by the 3420:DTS-HD High Resolution Audio 2894:BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream 2587: 2552:measuring the rate of errors 2132:Mini disc size, single layer 1816:Cumulative sales (millions) 1690:Early 4K Blu-ray release at 1603: 1524:and Canadian chains such as 622:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD) 7: 15750:Products introduced in 2006 15596:Chirped pulse amplification 15284:Sony Corporation of America 15250:Sony Professional Solutions 15245:Sony Network Communications 12298: 12259:Blu-ray Disc License Office 11462:. June 2009. Archived from 11259:September 24, 2009, at the 10400:. Telairity. Archived from 8935:. CDR info. June 19, 2009. 8729:"USB 2.0, Hi-Speed USB FAQ" 8287:. Austin, Texas. p. D2 8279:"In Stores This Week: DVDs" 7244:"Blu-ray looks ahead to 4K" 6681:. TDK. 2005. Archived from 6113:NIN order site May 1, 2008 6098:September 28, 2011, at the 6075:September 27, 2011, at the 5635:"Fox trots towards Blu-ray" 4726: 4354:. BD+, effectively a small 4272:The AACS decryption process 3749:Built-in persistent memory 3628: 3355:, which initially used the 2526:half-height Blu-Ray writers 2242:for protection, resembling 1268:, applying the new diodes: 774:Nintendo optical disc (NOD) 760:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc 739:Ultra Density Optical (UDO) 16:Digital optical disc format 10: 15801: 15730:High-definition television 15400:List of laser applications 15377: 15208:Sony Entertainment Network 14891:Sony Entertainment Network 13730:High-definition television 13414:Holographic Versatile Disc 13333:Electronic Video Recording 10961:September 1, 2009, at the 10916:December 26, 2010, at the 9702:"RE2 Format Specification" 9676:"RE1 Format Specification" 9609:"RE3 Format Specification" 9229:February 27, 2008, at the 9041:"Blu-ray Disc – The Scoop" 8989:"Blu-ray Case Information" 7711:December 23, 2009, at the 6156:. AV Watch. Archived from 6025:September 9, 2007, at the 4794:Holographic Versatile Disc 4789:High-definition television 4671: 4542: 4488: 4481:, which had similar aims. 4458: 4398: 4348:Cryptography Research Inc. 4339: 4322:several successful attacks 4261: 4238: 3939:, etc.) to enact regional 3882: 3641: 3133: 2784:high-definition television 2641: 2543: 2509:(also called 8× speed). A 2146:Mini disc size, dual layer 1951:Holographic Versatile Disc 1452:U.S. Department of Justice 1411: 1190: 608:Universal Media Disc (UMD) 15664: 15578: 15525: 15413: 15385: 15324: 15308: 15276: 15232: 15094: 15072: 14954: 14732: 14641: 14620: 14611: 14550: 14470: 14402: 14394:Stereoscopic video coding 14389:Stereoscopic spectroscopy 14324: 14211: 14153:Convergence insufficiency 14125: 14065: 14029: 13919: 13898: 13862: 13826: 13794: 13748: 13722: 13668: 13637: 13596: 13551: 13535: 13489: 13468: 13437: 13380: 13313: 13278: 13210: 13169: 13162: 13149:UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray) 13139: 13067: 13046:PVD (Personal Video Disc) 12989: 12924: 12915: 12844: 12765: 12560: 12551: 12491: 12466:Hardware/software/content 12465: 12447:BD-R(E)(DL) manufacturers 12433: 12397: 12359:Blu-ray Disc region codes 12351: 12306: 11519:November 1, 2007, at the 10787:"Kung Fu Panda (Blu-ray)" 10565:Foote, Bill; Moll, Erik. 10133:February 6, 2009, at the 10105:Glossary – BDAV container 10087:December 1, 2007, at the 9912:"R1 Format Specification" 9576:"R2 Format Specification" 8541:(Thesis). pp. 1–16. 8284:Austin-American Statesman 6322:"Samsung BD-P1000 Review" 6181:"Picture's fuzzy for DVD" 5098:"6JSC/ALA/16/LC response" 4720: 4715:The specification for an 4693:. The discs support both 4538: 4282:digital rights management 4221:digital rights management 4215:Digital rights management 4161: 3789:Secondary video decoder ( 3769:Local storage capability 3704: 3701: 3698: 3622:48 kHz, 96 kHz 3323:H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10: AVC 3290: 3064: 2973: 2915: 2530:constant angular velocity 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2247:Blu-ray Discs, naming it 2063: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2015:Warner Archive Collection 1815: 1812: 1747:This article needs to be 1580:This article needs to be 1438:onto dual-layer standard 1287:digital rights management 1022:. The name refers to the 875:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions 683:Personal Video Disc (PVD) 334: 309: 295: 240: 215: 190: 178: 159: 147: 132: 106: 60: 47: 35: 26: 15140:Great American Pure Flix 14603: 14490:Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D 14427:3D-enabled mobile phones 14384:Stereoscopic rangefinder 14221:Active shutter 3D system 13638:Ultra HD Blu-ray players 13445:Blu-ray Disc Association 12582:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR 12441:Blu-ray Disc Association 12332:High Fidelity Pure Audio 12252:August 17, 2013, at the 12196:10.5594/JMI.2016.2563078 10980:October 2, 2009, at the 10931:"Blu-ray Disc for Video" 9184:August 10, 2007, at the 8755:"SuperSpeed USB 3.0 FAQ" 7762:"How Blu-ray Discs Work" 7674:"Blu-ray's Fuzzy Future" 6359:. London. Archived from 6303:"Opinion: Trust's worth" 6109:August 17, 2011, at the 5057:October 4, 2006, at the 4988:Blu-ray Disc Association 4816: 4484: 4461:High Fidelity Pure Audio 4229:Free Software Foundation 4205:optical drive's firmware 3987:The Criterion Collection 3815:Secondary audio decoder 3679:Multimedia Home Platform 3397: 2956:Supported video formats 2927: 2864:High Fidelity Pure Audio 2756: 2668:. Since September 2007, 2615: 2579:Burst Indication Subcode 1991:The Criterion Collection 1939:Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games 1486: 1243:diodes operating at 405 1160:Blu-ray Disc Association 1037:disc is 12 centimetres ( 207:Blu-ray Disc Association 15780:21st-century inventions 15770:Video game distribution 15309:Nonprofit organizations 14462:Virtual reality headset 14457:Stereoscopic video game 14306:Virtual retinal display 13081:Professional Disc (PFD) 12588:Sony 2 inch helical VTR 12320:Blu-ray Disc recordable 11841:support.playstation.com 10733:"Tinker Bell (Blu-ray)" 9801:April 30, 2006, at the 9267:September 13, 2012, at 9248:March 29, 2008, at the 8903:Pioneer Electronics USA 8819:. ComputerShopper.com. 6507:. CBS Interactive Inc. 4744:Blu-ray Disc recordable 4555:digital video recorders 3675:Globally Executable MHP 3638:Java software interface 2736: 2675:On September 18, 2007, 2652:" (BD-R) refers to two 2650:Blu-ray Disc recordable 2644:Blu-ray Disc recordable 2638:Blu-ray Disc recordable 2230:Hard-coating technology 1965:Rise of boutique labels 1624:Behind closed doors at 1408:Competition from HD DVD 1363:House of Flying Daggers 1291:Content Scramble System 881:Universal Disk Format ( 746:3D optical data storage 725:Video Single Disc (VSD) 15765:Television terminology 15390:List of laser articles 15080:Sony Creative Software 14354:Multiview Video Coding 14349:Computer stereo vision 14158:Correspondence problem 13455:HD DVD Promotion Group 13327:Electronicam kinescope 13314:Video recorded to film 11992:. September 21, 2010. 10395:"Digital Color Coding" 10164:June 12, 2009, at the 9975:DVD Demystified: BD-MV 7817:. September 21, 2011. 6877:. 2006. Archived from 5580:. Sony. May 20, 2002. 4739:Blu-ray Disc authoring 4588:Multiview Video Coding 4574: 4504: 4416:backward compatibility 4410:Backward compatibility 4335: 4284:. It was developed by 4273: 4252:Image Constraint Token 3928: 2892:. It is also known as 2805:has been developed as 2749: 2597: 2282:~Write time (minutes) 2047: 2039: 1695: 1613: 1487:BD+ anticopying system 1432:motion picture studios 1223: 1212:Kees Schouhamer Immink 1204: 835:(layer jump recording) 401:Recording technologies 391:Optical disc authoring 340:; 18 years ago 15178:Anime Digital Network 13735:High-definition video 13676:Xbox 360 HD DVD Drive 13375:High-definition media 13141:Ultra-High Definition 12545:Video storage formats 12483:Blu-ray Disc recorder 12155:. September 5, 2014. 11837:"PlayStation Support" 11523:from cryptography.com 11469:on September 29, 2011 10789:. highdefdigest.com. 10762:. highdefdigest.com. 10735:. highdefdigest.com. 10708:. highdefdigest.com. 10693:on December 18, 2008. 10431:July 8, 2011, at the 10205:"Microsoft Community" 10110:December 9, 2012, at 9015:"Blu-ray Case Patent" 8963:kompendium.infotip.de 8079:. November 28, 2005. 7874:. February 20, 2013. 7735:choosedvdrental.co.uk 7061:www.highdefdigest.com 6568:. February 19, 2008. 6417:"Blu-ray Tips Scales" 6006:June 7, 2010, at the 5412:on November 16, 2011. 5342:Nikkei Business Daily 4572: 4498: 4467:Universal Music Group 4346:BD+ was developed by 4271: 3933:region codes for DVDs 3906: 3372:), as opposed to the 2969:Display aspect ratio 2890:MPEG transport stream 2776:Universal Disk Format 2765:Data format standards 2744: 2658:optical disc recorder 2595: 2289:Rotation speed (RPM) 2045: 2035: 1864:Singulus Technologies 1689: 1611: 1436:high-definition video 1378:(all from Sony), and 1369:Underworld: Evolution 1315:plastic, compared to 1222:and the Blu-ray Disc. 1210: 1198: 981:high-definition video 732:Magneto-optical discs 261:High-resolution audio 254:High-definition video 15720:Consumer electronics 15565:Population inversion 15295:List of acquisitions 15144:Great American Media 15142:(joint venture with 14688:Sony Financial Group 14246:Head-mounted display 14178:Kinetic depth effect 13786:8640p (16K Ultra HD) 13717:High-definition (HD) 12457:Player manufacturers 12369:HDTV disc format war 11765:on September 2, 2008 10144:May 6, 2009, at the 9463:www.blu-raydisc.info 9143:Optical Data Storage 7996:. Consumer Reports. 7653:on December 18, 2008 7596:on September 5, 2011 7412:on September 7, 2008 6937:Techon.nikkebp.co.jp 6851:. IDG News Service. 6767:on December 16, 2006 6427:on November 14, 2007 6363:on February 26, 2008 5493:. October 11, 2000. 5430:. November 1, 2000. 5349:on November 13, 1999 4810:Universal Media Disc 4701:and a greater color 4278:content distribution 3955:Walt Disney Pictures 3941:price discrimination 3671:Java virtual machine 3558: (192 kHz) 3545: (192 kHz) 3529: (192 kHz) 3467:DTS Digital Surround 3336:of 8-bits per color 2922:Windows Media Player 2906:MPEG program streams 2803:digital broadcasting 2788:broadcast television 1214:received a personal 1108:pixels) at up to 24 72:BDMV Video encoding: 15740:Japanese inventions 15616:Laser beam profiler 15535:Active laser medium 15475:Free-electron laser 15395:List of laser types 15255:Sony Honda Mobility 15108:PlayStation Network 15096:Online distribution 14955:Historical products 14926:Video8/Hi8/Digital8 14334:2D to 3D conversion 14286:Specular holography 14281:Polarized 3D system 14198:Stereoscopic acuity 14193:Stereopsis recovery 13899:Filming and storage 13781:4320p (8K Ultra HD) 13776:2160p (4K Ultra HD) 11713:on October 26, 2006 11276:. 220 Electronics. 10858:on November 2, 2007 9439:on December 1, 2011 8511:on October 11, 2011 7281:on January 18, 2013 7002:. October 3, 2007. 6685:on November 6, 2007 6421:Home Media Magazine 6252:on November 6, 2007 5949:on November 6, 2007 5888:on November 2, 2007 5760:. January 9, 2005. 5724:Proceedings of SPIE 5167:on August 22, 2009. 4624:Walt Disney Studios 4573:The Blu-ray 3D logo 4128:Indian subcontinent 3836:Virtual file system 3471:DTS-HD Master Audio 3439: 3432:DTS-HD Master Audio 3319:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 2957: 2556:deteriorating media 2272: 2260:mechanical abrasion 1927:public broadcasters 1809: 1655:Pioneer Corporation 1563:Ongoing development 477:), Super Video CD ( 430:Optical media types 287:Xbox Series X games 277:PlayStation 4 games 272:PlayStation 3 games 76:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 23: 15725:High dynamic range 15700:2006 in technology 15290:Other subsidiaries 15125:Sony Pictures Core 14659:Sony Entertainment 14642:Primary businesses 14316:Wiggle stereoscopy 14311:Volumetric display 14276:Parallax scrolling 13604:TotalMedia Theatre 13490:Recordable formats 12452:Disc manufacturers 12398:Content protection 11899:on March 17, 2009. 11593:on August 18, 2010 10633:"Music on Blu-ray" 10407:on January 7, 2014 9288:. April 11, 2006. 9076:on April 24, 2013. 8449:on March 16, 2010. 8409:"9. Disc Capacity" 8353:The New York Times 8256:The Globe and Mail 8053:on October 9, 2004 7679:The New York Times 7561:on August 16, 2010 7310:. August 5, 2015. 6881:on August 18, 2006 6737:. April 28, 2006. 6357:The Telegraph (UK) 6309:on August 4, 2007. 6160:on August 28, 2008 6081:Trondheim Soloists 4695:high dynamic range 4645:Ghost in the Shell 4640:Paramount Pictures 4636:Universal Pictures 4575: 4505: 4274: 4182:is "US" (21843 or 3963:Paramount Pictures 3929: 3489:27.648 Mbit/s 3457:Dolby Digital Plus 3437: 3416:Dolby Digital Plus 3353:Paramount Pictures 3342:chroma subsampling 2955: 2910:picture-in-picture 2845:Application format 2750: 2691:, Mitsubishi, and 2598: 2571:Long Distance Code 2270: 2244:Professional Discs 2212:numerical aperture 2189:frequency doubling 2048: 2040: 1959:Ecma International 1807: 1696: 1614: 1557:Paramount Pictures 1481:On June 28, 2007, 1474:, Warner proposed 1311:substrate made of 1224: 1205: 1073:re-writer drives. 461:, Super Audio CD ( 418:Burst cutting area 396:Authoring software 386:Optical disc drive 338:June 20, 2006 21: 15682: 15681: 15636:Optical amplifier 15485:Solid-state laser 15345: 15344: 15300:List of libraries 15228: 15227: 15168:PlayStation Video 15118:PlayStation Store 14571: 14570: 14532:Sharp Actius RD3D 14452:Stereo microscope 14359:Parallax scanning 14173:Epipolar geometry 14163:Peripheral vision 14138:Binocular rivalry 14081: 14080: 13827:Digital broadcast 13684: 13683: 13342: 13341: 13309: 13308: 13158: 13157: 13105:BD (Blu-ray Disc) 13075:MUSE Hi-Vision LD 12911: 12910: 12511: 12510: 12473:VCR/Blu-ray combo 12326:Blu-ray Disc Java 11785:"Pioneer BDP-HD1" 11495:on April 30, 2007 10546:on April 30, 2006 9495:. June 25, 2010. 9401:. April 6, 2010. 9153:978-0-8194-6357-9 8899:"Computer Drives" 8788:www.serialata.org 8649:on April 11, 2020 8530:Cai, Kui (2007). 7872:HomeTheaterReview 7152:. July 20, 2010. 6847:Kallender, Paul. 6603:on March 24, 2008 6597:Los Angeles Times 5732:10.1117/12.557516 5694:(Press release). 5024:sutlib2.sut.ac.th 4990:. December 2012. 4172: 4171: 3967:Universal Studios 3948:content licensing 3876: 3875: 3626: 3625: 3501:1.524 Mbit/s 3498:18.64 Mbit/s 3495:4.736 Mbit/s 3315: 3314: 2792:personal computer 2780:digital recording 2718:Warner Home Video 2621:Mini Blu-ray Disc 2491: 2490: 2193:nonlinear optical 2159: 2158: 1860: 1859: 1768: 1767: 1645:In January 2007, 1601: 1600: 1553:Universal Studios 1351:The Fifth Element 1252:in October 1998. 1117:frames per second 998:material such as 952: 951: 789:Professional Disc 696:MD Data, MD Data2 590:Mini Blu-ray Disc 352: 351: 140: 99: 15792: 15672: 15671: 15646:Optical isolator 15611:Injection seeder 15591:Beam homogenizer 15570:Ultrashort pulse 15560:Lasing threshold 15372: 15365: 15358: 15349: 15348: 15233:Other businesses 15151: 15150: 14664:Sony Music Group 14649:Sony Corporation 14598: 14591: 14584: 14575: 14574: 14517:Nvidia 3D Vision 14271:Parallax barrier 14256:Integral imaging 14168:Depth perception 14148:Chromostereopsis 14143:Binocular vision 14108: 14101: 14094: 14085: 14084: 14006:Ultra HD Blu-ray 13818:MUSE (Hi-Vision) 13801: 13796:Analog broadcast 13711: 13704: 13697: 13688: 13687: 13476:Advanced Content 13424:Ultra HD Blu-ray 13369: 13362: 13355: 13346: 13345: 13167: 13166: 13119: 13116: 13023: 13020: 12922: 12921: 12558: 12557: 12538: 12531: 12524: 12515: 12514: 12500: 12499: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12270: 12269: 12243: 12238: 12237: 12235:Official website 12220: 12219: 12217: 12215: 12210:on March 6, 2023 12206:. Archived from 12175: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12145: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12131: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12100: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12067: 12055:PlayStation.Blog 12045: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12034: 12022:PlayStation Blog 12012: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11986: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11975: 11960: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11907: 11901: 11900: 11895:. Archived from 11889: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11878: 11863: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11833: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11822: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11781: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11770: 11761:. Archived from 11755: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11729: 11723: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11712: 11705: 11697: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11670: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11659: 11639: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11589:. Archived from 11576: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11549: 11543: 11542: 11541: 11537: 11530: 11524: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11485: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11468: 11461: 11453: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11442: 11422: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11411: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11368: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11352:on March 7, 2007 11351: 11344: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11318: 11307: 11299: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11270: 11264: 11251: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11240: 11225: 11219: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11199: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11173: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11147: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11095: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11084: 11069: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11058: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11017: 11011: 11010: 11008: 11006: 10991: 10985: 10972: 10966: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10927: 10921: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10874: 10868: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10854:. Archived from 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10825:on July 16, 2011 10824: 10817: 10809: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10782: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10755: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10701: 10695: 10694: 10689:. Archived from 10682: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10644: 10628: 10622: 10621: 10619: 10617: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10578: 10571: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10542:. Archived from 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10519: 10512: 10504: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10493: 10488:on April 9, 2009 10484:. Archived from 10473: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10462: 10442: 10436: 10423: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10412: 10406: 10399: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10360: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10310: 10303: 10295: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10278: 10271: 10263: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10246: 10239: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10201: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10175: 10169: 10155: 10149: 10124: 10115: 10101: 10092: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10061: 10054: 10046: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10026: 10019: 10011: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9952: 9945: 9937: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9891: 9884: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9859: 9852: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9827: 9820: 9812: 9806: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9772: 9765: 9757: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9698: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9656:on July 21, 2011 9655: 9649:. Archived from 9648: 9640: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9605: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9572: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9541: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9435:. Archived from 9424: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9395: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9375: 9368: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9278: 9272: 9259: 9253: 9240: 9234: 9221: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9195: 9189: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9138: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9127: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9072:. Archived from 9066: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8955: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8925: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8853:on July 11, 2020 8849:. Archived from 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8796: 8785: 8777: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8712: 8710: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8648: 8642:. Archived from 8641: 8633: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8579: 8572: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8547: 8536: 8527: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8510: 8504:. Archived from 8503: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8477: 8470: 8462: 8451: 8450: 8445:. Archived from 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8405: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8374: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8346:(May 18, 2012). 8340: 8334: 8333: 8327: 8325: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8294: 8292: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8252: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8216: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8173: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8138: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7925: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7903:The Mac Observer 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7726: 7720: 7717:Associated Press 7704:Ryan Nakashima. 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7649:. Archived from 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7595: 7588: 7580: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7466:. Engadget.com. 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7408:. Archived from 7394: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7374:. Watchr Media. 7363: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7175: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7129: 7122: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6972:. Archived from 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6824:. Archived from 6813: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6793:. May 20, 2007. 6783: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6655:. May 19, 2005. 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6599:. Archived from 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6423:. Archived from 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6317: 6311: 6310: 6305:. Archived from 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6282:on July 29, 2014 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6124: 6118: 6090: 6084: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6036: 6030: 6017: 6011: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5884:. Archived from 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5715: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5698:. April 15, 2004 5688: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5463:. Archived from 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5408:. Archived from 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5378: 5370: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5282:. May 27, 2015. 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5242: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5180: 5169: 5168: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5133:. bit-tech.net. 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5109: 5102: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5068: 5062: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5032: 5021: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4996: 4985: 4977: 4960: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4898: 4891: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4854: 4847: 4838: 4827: 4699:10-bit per color 4688: 4674:Ultra HD Blu-ray 4668:Ultra HD Blu-ray 4599:firmware upgrade 4533:hard disk drives 4159: 4158: 4112: 4111: 4061: 4060: 4010: 4009: 3995: 3994: 3983:20th Century Fox 3925: Region C/3 3924: 3919: Region B/2 3918: 3913: Region A/1 3912: 3696: 3695: 3654:Sun Microsystems 3598:Sample frequency 3525:, 96 kHz), 3510:3.0 Mbit/s 3504:24.5 Mbit/s 3440: 3436: 3391:Superman Returns 3307: 3296: 3282: 3271: 3260: 3249: 3238: 3227: 3216: 3205: 3194: 3183: 3172: 3161: 3150: 3139: 3125: 3114: 3103: 3092: 3081: 3070: 3056: 3045: 3034: 3023: 3012: 3001: 2990: 2979: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2935: 2886:container format 2876:Container format 2747:Sony Corporation 2534:Slim type drives 2273: 2271:BD drive speeds 2269: 2162:Laser and optics 2127:128,001,769,472 2113:100,103,356,416 2050: 2049: 2011:Vinegar Syndrome 1933:to broadcast in 1810: 1806: 1781:firmware updates 1763: 1760: 1754: 1742: 1741: 1734: 1721: 1715:Ultra HD Blu-ray 1596: 1593: 1587: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1483:20th Century Fox 1318: 1310: 1306: 1295:20th Century Fox 1142: 1134: 1125:Ultra HD Blu-ray 1122: 1107: 1103: 1091: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1042: 944: 937: 930: 829:(packet writing) 594:Ultra HD Blu-ray 582:BD-R & BD-RE 368: 354: 353: 348: 346: 341: 321:Ultra HD Blu-ray 313: 299: 263: 256: 194: 182: 174:, 36 Mbit/s 163: 151: 138: 96:Ultra HD Blu-ray 93: 81:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 40: 31: 24: 20: 15800: 15799: 15795: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15790: 15789: 15685: 15684: 15683: 15678: 15660: 15574: 15555:Laser linewidth 15545:Continuous wave 15521: 15414:Types of lasers 15409: 15381: 15376: 15346: 15341: 15320: 15304: 15272: 15224: 15183:Anime on Demand 15173:PlayStation Vue 15149: 15113:PlayStation Now 15098: 15090: 15085:FeliCa Networks 15068: 14950: 14884:8 channel films 14735: 14728: 14637: 14616: 14607: 14602: 14572: 14567: 14546: 14472: 14466: 14404: 14398: 14374:Stereoautograph 14326: 14320: 14261:Lenticular lens 14236:Autostereoscopy 14213: 14207: 14183:Stereoblindness 14121: 14112: 14082: 14077: 14061: 14025: 13922: 13915: 13894: 13858: 13822: 13808:819 line system 13799: 13798: 13790: 13771:1440p (Quad HD) 13766:1080p (Full HD) 13761:1080i (Full HD) 13744: 13718: 13715: 13685: 13680: 13664: 13633: 13597:Blu-ray players 13592: 13577:(BD and HD DVD) 13552:Copy prevention 13547: 13531: 13485: 13464: 13433: 13376: 13373: 13343: 13338: 13305: 13274: 13206: 13154: 13135: 13117: 13068:High Definition 13063: 13021: 12985: 12907: 12846:High Definition 12840: 12799:Digital Betacam 12761: 12547: 12542: 12512: 12507: 12506: 12487: 12461: 12429: 12393: 12347: 12302: 12297: 12254:Wayback Machine 12233: 12232: 12229: 12224: 12223: 12213: 12211: 12176: 12172: 12162: 12160: 12147: 12146: 12139: 12129: 12127: 12112: 12108: 12098: 12096: 12079: 12075: 12065: 12063: 12046: 12042: 12032: 12030: 12013: 12009: 11999: 11997: 11988: 11987: 11983: 11973: 11971: 11962: 11961: 11957: 11947: 11945: 11934: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11917:on May 23, 2009 11909: 11908: 11904: 11891: 11890: 11886: 11876: 11874: 11865: 11864: 11860: 11850: 11848: 11835: 11834: 11830: 11820: 11818: 11809: 11808: 11804: 11794: 11792: 11783: 11782: 11778: 11768: 11766: 11757: 11756: 11752: 11742: 11740: 11731: 11730: 11726: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11703: 11699: 11698: 11694: 11684: 11682: 11671: 11667: 11657: 11655: 11640: 11636: 11626: 11624: 11611: 11610: 11606: 11596: 11594: 11577: 11573: 11563: 11561: 11550: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11531: 11527: 11521:Wayback Machine 11512: 11508: 11498: 11496: 11487: 11486: 11482: 11472: 11470: 11466: 11459: 11455: 11454: 11450: 11440: 11438: 11423: 11419: 11409: 11407: 11402:. Consumerist. 11396: 11392: 11382: 11380: 11369: 11365: 11355: 11353: 11349: 11342: 11336: 11332: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11305: 11301: 11300: 11293: 11283: 11281: 11272: 11271: 11267: 11261:Wayback Machine 11252: 11248: 11238: 11236: 11227: 11226: 11222: 11212: 11210: 11201: 11200: 11196: 11186: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11160: 11158: 11149: 11148: 11144: 11134: 11132: 11123: 11122: 11118: 11108: 11106: 11097: 11096: 11092: 11082: 11080: 11071: 11070: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11045: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11019: 11018: 11014: 11004: 11002: 10993: 10992: 10988: 10982:Wayback Machine 10973: 10969: 10963:Wayback Machine 10954: 10950: 10940: 10938: 10929: 10928: 10924: 10918:Wayback Machine 10909: 10905: 10895: 10893: 10875: 10871: 10861: 10859: 10842: 10838: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10815: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10796: 10794: 10783: 10779: 10769: 10767: 10756: 10752: 10742: 10740: 10729: 10725: 10715: 10713: 10702: 10698: 10683: 10679: 10669: 10667: 10656: 10652: 10642: 10640: 10629: 10625: 10615: 10613: 10596: 10592: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10569: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10538: 10537: 10533: 10523: 10521: 10517: 10510: 10506: 10505: 10501: 10491: 10489: 10474: 10470: 10460: 10458: 10443: 10439: 10433:Wayback Machine 10426:Statistics Page 10424: 10420: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10388: 10378: 10376: 10361: 10357: 10347: 10345: 10328: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10301: 10297: 10296: 10292: 10282: 10280: 10276: 10269: 10265: 10264: 10260: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10237: 10233: 10232: 10228: 10218: 10216: 10203: 10202: 10198: 10188: 10186: 10177: 10176: 10172: 10166:Wayback Machine 10156: 10152: 10146:Wayback Machine 10135:Wayback Machine 10125: 10118: 10102: 10095: 10089:Wayback Machine 10079: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10059: 10052: 10048: 10047: 10040: 10030: 10028: 10024: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10005: 9995: 9993: 9986: 9970: 9966: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9943: 9939: 9938: 9931: 9921: 9919: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9892:on July 7, 2011 9889: 9882: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9863: 9861: 9857: 9850: 9846: 9845: 9841: 9831: 9829: 9825: 9818: 9814: 9813: 9809: 9803:Wayback Machine 9793: 9786: 9776: 9774: 9770: 9763: 9759: 9758: 9747: 9737: 9735: 9726: 9725: 9721: 9711: 9709: 9700: 9699: 9695: 9685: 9683: 9682:on July 1, 2010 9674: 9673: 9669: 9659: 9657: 9653: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9628: 9618: 9616: 9607: 9606: 9595: 9585: 9583: 9574: 9573: 9564: 9554: 9552: 9543: 9542: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9470: 9457: 9456: 9452: 9442: 9440: 9425: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9397: 9396: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9336: 9335: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9310: 9309: 9305: 9295: 9293: 9280: 9279: 9275: 9260: 9256: 9250:Wayback Machine 9241: 9237: 9231:Wayback Machine 9222: 9218: 9208: 9206: 9201:. CDRInfo.com. 9197: 9196: 9192: 9186:Wayback Machine 9177: 9173: 9163: 9161: 9154: 9140: 9139: 9135: 9125: 9123: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9068: 9067: 9060: 9050: 9048: 9039: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9017:. cd-info.com. 9013: 9012: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8991:. cd-info.com. 8987: 8986: 8982: 8972: 8970: 8957: 8956: 8952: 8942: 8940: 8933:www.cdrinfo.com 8927: 8926: 8922: 8912: 8910: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8882: 8880: 8871: 8870: 8866: 8856: 8854: 8841: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8815: 8814: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8783: 8779: 8778: 8774: 8764: 8762: 8753: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8708: 8706: 8693: 8692: 8688: 8678: 8676: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8652: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8625: 8615: 8613: 8609: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8534: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8512: 8508: 8501: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8475: 8468: 8464: 8463: 8454: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8407: 8406: 8399: 8389: 8387: 8375: 8368: 8358: 8356: 8341: 8337: 8323: 8321: 8308: 8304: 8290: 8288: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8245: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8217: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8174: 8163: 8153: 8151: 8139: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8086: 8084: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8056: 8054: 8045: 8044: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8017: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7990: 7986: 7976: 7974: 7957: 7953: 7943: 7941: 7926: 7922: 7912: 7910: 7895: 7891: 7881: 7879: 7866: 7865: 7861: 7851: 7849: 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7785: 7781: 7771: 7769: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7727: 7723: 7713:Wayback Machine 7703: 7699: 7689: 7687: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7593: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7574: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7547: 7546: 7535: 7525: 7523: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7471: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7429: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7395: 7391: 7381: 7379: 7364: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7338:blu-raydisc.com 7332: 7331: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7240: 7236: 7226: 7224: 7207: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7176: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7068: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6976:on June 3, 2009 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6929: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6898: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6845: 6841: 6831: 6829: 6828:on May 15, 2007 6814: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6768: 6759: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6707:. cdrinfo.xom. 6703: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6528: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6503:Carnoy, David. 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6380: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6349: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6318: 6314: 6299: 6295: 6285: 6283: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6225: 6223: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6130:. Blu-ray.com. 6128:"Now Available" 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111:Wayback Machine 6100:Wayback Machine 6091: 6087: 6077:Wayback Machine 6068: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6045:High-Def Digest 6037: 6033: 6027:Wayback Machine 6018: 6014: 6008:Wayback Machine 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5905: 5901: 5891: 5889: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5716: 5712: 5701: 5699: 5690: 5689: 5685: 5675: 5673: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5603:Liadov, Maxim. 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5467:on June 1, 2010 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5244: 5243: 5234: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5181: 5172: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5074:. Blu-ray.com. 5070: 5069: 5065: 5059:Wayback Machine 5050: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4963: 4957:New Line Cinema 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4892: 4877: 4870: 4868: 4857: 4848: 4841: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4729: 4686: 4676: 4670: 4567: 4547: 4541: 4527:memory cards, " 4493: 4487: 4463: 4457: 4452: 4440:Super Audio CDs 4412: 4403: 4397: 4356:virtual machine 4344: 4338: 4266: 4260: 4243: 4237: 4217: 4156: 4155: 4109: 4108: 4058: 4057: 4007: 4006: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3901: 3885: 3687: 3685:Player profiles 3646: 3640: 3631: 3521: (48 3507:1.5 Mbit/s 3492:640 kbit/s 3400: 3305: 3294: 3280: 3269: 3258: 3247: 3236: 3225: 3214: 3203: 3192: 3181: 3170: 3159: 3148: 3137: 3123: 3112: 3101: 3090: 3079: 3068: 3054: 3043: 3032: 3021: 3010: 2999: 2988: 2977: 2965: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2930: 2918: 2878: 2873: 2847: 2794:systems. These 2772: 2767: 2759: 2739: 2714: 2646: 2640: 2623: 2618: 2590: 2548: 2542: 2268: 2232: 2185:gallium nitride 2164: 2155:15,582,363,648 2099:50,050,629,632 2085:25,025,314,816 2057: 2037: 2030: 1979:limited edition 1977:features like " 1967: 1947: 1893:streaming media 1872:video on demand 1802:The Dark Knight 1797:The Dark Knight 1764: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1743: 1739: 1732: 1719: 1684: 1606: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1502:New Line Cinema 1416: 1410: 1336: 1316: 1308: 1301: 1229: 1193: 1181:video on demand 1140: 1132: 1120: 1105: 1101: 1089: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1038: 948: 919: 918: 904: 896: 895: 810: 802: 801: 431: 423: 422: 406:Recording modes 376: 344: 342: 339: 330: 311: 297: 291: 267:Stereoscopic 3D 259: 252: 236: 211: 192: 180: 161: 149: 143: 102: 43: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15798: 15788: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15680: 15679: 15677: 15676: 15665: 15662: 15661: 15659: 15658: 15653: 15651:Output coupler 15648: 15643: 15641:Optical cavity 15638: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15601:Gain-switching 15598: 15593: 15588: 15582: 15580: 15576: 15575: 15573: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15550:Laser ablation 15547: 15542: 15537: 15531: 15529: 15523: 15522: 15520: 15519: 15514: 15513: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15471: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15448:Carbon dioxide 15440: 15439: 15438: 15436:Liquid-crystal 15433: 15423: 15421:Chemical laser 15417: 15415: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15407: 15405:Laser acronyms 15402: 15397: 15392: 15386: 15383: 15382: 15375: 15374: 15367: 15360: 15352: 15343: 15342: 15340: 15339: 15334: 15328: 15326: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15318: 15312: 15310: 15306: 15305: 15303: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15280: 15278: 15274: 15273: 15271: 15270: 15264: 15258: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15236: 15234: 15230: 15229: 15226: 15225: 15223: 15222: 15221: 15220: 15210: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15159: 15157: 15155:Former/Defunct 15148: 15147: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15121: 15120: 15115: 15104: 15102: 15092: 15091: 15089: 15088: 15082: 15076: 15074: 15070: 15069: 15067: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15040: 15039: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14958: 14956: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14814:HDCAM/HDCAM-SR 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14740: 14738: 14730: 14729: 14727: 14726: 14725: 14724: 14714: 14713: 14712: 14702: 14701: 14700: 14695: 14685: 14684: 14683: 14678: 14677: 14676: 14671: 14656: 14651: 14645: 14643: 14639: 14638: 14636: 14635: 14630: 14624: 14622: 14618: 14617: 14612: 14609: 14608: 14601: 14600: 14593: 14586: 14578: 14569: 14568: 14566: 14565: 14560: 14554: 14552: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14513: 14512: 14502: 14500:MasterImage 3D 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14476: 14474: 14468: 14467: 14465: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14408: 14406: 14400: 14399: 14397: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14330: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14291:Stereo display 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14231:Autostereogram 14228: 14223: 14217: 14215: 14209: 14208: 14206: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14133:3D stereo view 14129: 14127: 14123: 14122: 14111: 14110: 14103: 14096: 14088: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14075: 14069: 14067: 14063: 14062: 14060: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14033: 14031: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 14001:Super Audio CD 13998: 13993: 13991:MUSE LaserDisc 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13927: 13925: 13917: 13916: 13914: 13913: 13908: 13902: 13900: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13875:Surround sound 13872: 13866: 13864: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13830: 13828: 13824: 13823: 13821: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13804: 13802: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13752: 13750: 13746: 13745: 13743: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13726: 13724: 13720: 13719: 13714: 13713: 13706: 13699: 13691: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13678: 13672: 13670: 13669:HD DVD players 13666: 13665: 13663: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13641: 13639: 13635: 13634: 13632: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13590: 13584: 13578: 13572: 13566: 13555: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13539: 13537: 13533: 13532: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13493: 13491: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13483: 13478: 13472: 13470: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13441: 13439: 13435: 13434: 13432: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13419:MUSE LaserDisc 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13395: 13390: 13384: 13382: 13378: 13377: 13372: 13371: 13364: 13357: 13349: 13340: 13339: 13337: 13336: 13330: 13324: 13317: 13315: 13311: 13310: 13307: 13306: 13304: 13303: 13297: 13291: 13284: 13282: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13272: 13266: 13260: 13254: 13248: 13242: 13236: 13230: 13224: 13214: 13212: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13204: 13198: 13192: 13186: 13180: 13173: 13171: 13170:Media agnostic 13164: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13145: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13133: 13127: 13121: 13108: 13102: 13096: 13090: 13084: 13078: 13071: 13069: 13065: 13064: 13062: 13061: 13055: 13049: 13043: 13037: 13031: 13025: 13012: 13006: 13000: 12993: 12991: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12983: 12977: 12971: 12965: 12959: 12953: 12947: 12941: 12935: 12928: 12926: 12919: 12913: 12912: 12909: 12908: 12906: 12905: 12899: 12893: 12887: 12881: 12875: 12869: 12863: 12857: 12850: 12848: 12842: 12841: 12839: 12838: 12832: 12826: 12820: 12814: 12811:Digital-S (D9) 12808: 12802: 12796: 12790: 12784: 12778: 12771: 12769: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12759: 12753: 12747: 12741: 12735: 12729: 12723: 12717: 12711: 12705: 12699: 12693: 12687: 12681: 12675: 12669: 12663: 12657: 12651: 12645: 12639: 12633: 12627: 12621: 12615: 12609: 12603: 12597: 12591: 12585: 12579: 12573: 12566: 12564: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12541: 12540: 12533: 12526: 12518: 12509: 12508: 12505: 12504: 12493: 12492: 12489: 12488: 12486: 12485: 12480: 12478:Blu-ray ripper 12475: 12469: 12467: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12437: 12435: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12401: 12399: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12355: 12353: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12329: 12323: 12317: 12310: 12308: 12304: 12303: 12296: 12295: 12288: 12281: 12273: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12244: 12228: 12227:External links 12225: 12222: 12221: 12170: 12137: 12120:AndroidCentral 12106: 12073: 12040: 12007: 11981: 11955: 11928: 11902: 11884: 11858: 11828: 11802: 11776: 11750: 11724: 11692: 11677:. Lifehacker. 11665: 11634: 11604: 11571: 11544: 11525: 11506: 11480: 11448: 11417: 11390: 11363: 11330: 11291: 11265: 11246: 11220: 11194: 11168: 11142: 11116: 11090: 11064: 11038: 11012: 10986: 10967: 10948: 10922: 10903: 10869: 10836: 10804: 10777: 10750: 10723: 10696: 10677: 10650: 10623: 10590: 10557: 10531: 10499: 10468: 10437: 10418: 10386: 10355: 10322: 10290: 10258: 10226: 10196: 10170: 10150: 10116: 10103:AfterDawn.com 10093: 10080:AfterDawn.com 10073: 10038: 10020:. March 2008. 10003: 9984: 9964: 9929: 9903: 9871: 9839: 9807: 9794:Videohelp.com 9784: 9745: 9719: 9693: 9667: 9626: 9593: 9562: 9536: 9510: 9480: 9450: 9416: 9387: 9355: 9329: 9303: 9273: 9254: 9235: 9216: 9190: 9171: 9152: 9133: 9105: 9079: 9058: 9032: 9006: 8980: 8950: 8920: 8890: 8864: 8834: 8808: 8772: 8746: 8720: 8686: 8660: 8623: 8591: 8559: 8532:"Introduction" 8522: 8489: 8452: 8430: 8397: 8366: 8335: 8330:Newspapers.com 8302: 8297:Newspapers.com 8269: 8239: 8196: 8183:Screen Anarchy 8161: 8124: 8094: 8064: 8038: 8011: 7984: 7951: 7920: 7889: 7859: 7832: 7806: 7779: 7752: 7721: 7697: 7664: 7633: 7607: 7572: 7533: 7507: 7481: 7454: 7423: 7389: 7355: 7325: 7292: 7265: 7234: 7201: 7167: 7141: 7109: 7078: 7048: 7017: 6987: 6954: 6923: 6892: 6866: 6839: 6808: 6778: 6752: 6722: 6696: 6670: 6640: 6614: 6583: 6553: 6522: 6495: 6464: 6438: 6407: 6374: 6343: 6312: 6293: 6263: 6233: 6202: 6171: 6145: 6119: 6085: 6062: 6031: 6012: 5993: 5960: 5930: 5899: 5868: 5837: 5806: 5775: 5745: 5710: 5683: 5652: 5626: 5595: 5569: 5538: 5508: 5478: 5445: 5415: 5397: 5360: 5328: 5297: 5267: 5232: 5223: 5197: 5170: 5148: 5121: 5089: 5063: 5044: 5008: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4948: 4939: 4930: 4917: 4908: 4899: 4895:anamorphically 4875: 4855: 4839: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4762: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4672:Main article: 4669: 4666: 4616:PlayStation VR 4597:console via a 4566: 4563: 4543:Main article: 4540: 4537: 4489:Main article: 4486: 4483: 4459:Main article: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4411: 4408: 4399:Main article: 4396: 4393: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4340:Main article: 4337: 4334: 4326:trusted client 4292:that includes 4262:Main article: 4259: 4256: 4239:Main article: 4236: 4233: 4227:, such as the 4225:opposed to DRM 4216: 4213: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4151: 4113: 4105: 4104: 4073:Southwest Asia 4062: 4054: 4053: 4050:Southeast Asia 4011: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3900: 3897: 3884: 3881: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3686: 3683: 3642:Main article: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3549: 3546: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3481:DRA extension 3479: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3448:(Uncompressed) 3443: 3399: 3396: 3348:have expired. 3346:MPEG-2 patents 3313: 3312: 3309: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3007: 3006: 3003: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2964:Resolution and 2962: 2929: 2926: 2917: 2914: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2829:(UDF) (a.k.a. 2821:(UDF) (a.k.a. 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2738: 2735: 2713: 2710: 2642:Main article: 2639: 2636: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2589: 2586: 2544:Main article: 2541: 2538: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2267: 2264: 2231: 2228: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2141:7,791,181,824 2139: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2029: 2028:Physical media 2026: 2022:physical media 2003:Shout! Factory 1966: 1963: 1946: 1945:Beyond Blu-ray 1943: 1884:digital copies 1858: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1766: 1765: 1746: 1744: 1737: 1731: 1728: 1683: 1680: 1662:Blu-ray Disc. 1605: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1579: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1412:Main article: 1409: 1406: 1385:The Terminator 1345:50 First Dates 1335: 1332: 1228: 1225: 1192: 1189: 950: 949: 947: 946: 939: 932: 924: 921: 920: 917: 916: 911: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 894: 893: 892: 891: 886: 879: 878: 877: 872: 867: 861: 856: 843: 838: 837: 836: 830: 811: 808: 807: 804: 803: 800: 799: 792: 785: 777: 770: 763: 756: 749: 742: 735: 728: 721: 705: 698: 686: 679: 672: 665: 658: 639: 632: 625: 618: 611: 604: 597: 592:, 4K Blu-ray ( 575:Blu-ray Disc ( 572: 505: 459:5.1 Music Disc 436:Compact disc ( 432: 429: 428: 425: 424: 421: 420: 415: 414: 413: 411:Packet writing 408: 398: 393: 388: 383: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 361: 360: 350: 349: 336: 332: 331: 329: 328: 323: 317: 315: 307: 306: 301: 293: 292: 290: 289: 284: 282:Xbox One games 279: 274: 269: 264: 257: 250: 244: 242: 238: 237: 235: 234: 231: 219: 217: 213: 212: 210: 209: 204: 198: 196: 188: 187: 184: 176: 175: 165: 157: 156: 153: 145: 144: 142: 141: 136: 125: 118: 117:(single-layer) 110: 108: 104: 103: 101: 100: 88: 83: 78: 73: 70: 66: 64: 58: 57: 49: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15797: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15775:Video storage 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15760:Sony hardware 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15745:Java platform 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15705:Audio storage 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15692: 15690: 15675: 15667: 15666: 15663: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15606:Gaussian beam 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15586:Beam expander 15584: 15583: 15581: 15577: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15532: 15530: 15528: 15527:Laser physics 15524: 15518: 15515: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15445: 15444: 15441: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15428: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15418: 15416: 15412: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15384: 15380: 15373: 15368: 15366: 15361: 15359: 15354: 15353: 15350: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15327: 15323: 15317: 15314: 15313: 15311: 15307: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15285: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15275: 15268: 15265: 15262: 15259: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15235: 15231: 15219: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15160: 15158: 15156: 15152: 15145: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15110: 15109: 15106: 15105: 15103: 15101: 15097: 15093: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15071: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15044:1 inch Type C 15042: 15038: 15035: 15034: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14959: 14957: 14953: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14885: 14882: 14881: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14789:Dream Machine 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14741: 14739: 14737: 14731: 14723: 14720: 14719: 14718: 14715: 14711: 14708: 14707: 14706: 14703: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14690: 14689: 14686: 14682: 14681:Sony Pictures 14679: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14669:Entertainment 14667: 14666: 14665: 14662: 14661: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14646: 14644: 14640: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14625: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14610: 14606: 14599: 14594: 14592: 14587: 14585: 14580: 14579: 14576: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14558:Stereographer 14556: 14555: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14522:Panavision 3D 14520: 14518: 14515: 14511: 14508: 14507: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14469: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14447:Stereo camera 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14422:3D television 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14401: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14344:2D-plus-depth 14342: 14340: 14339:2D plus Delta 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14323: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14218: 14216: 14210: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14109: 14104: 14102: 14097: 14095: 14090: 14089: 14086: 14074: 14071: 14070: 14068: 14064: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14028: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13931:Archival Disc 13929: 13928: 13926: 13924: 13918: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13903: 13901: 13897: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13870:Dolby Digital 13868: 13867: 13865: 13861: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13831: 13829: 13825: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13805: 13803: 13800:(All defunct) 13797: 13793: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13747: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13727: 13725: 13721: 13712: 13707: 13705: 13700: 13698: 13693: 13692: 13689: 13677: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13667: 13661: 13660:Xbox Series X 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13645:PlayStation 5 13643: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13624:PlayStation 4 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13614:PlayStation 3 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13601: 13599: 13595: 13588: 13585: 13582: 13579: 13576: 13573: 13570: 13567: 13565:, and HD DVD) 13564: 13560: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13550: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13534: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13492: 13488: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13473: 13471: 13469:Interactivity 13467: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13436: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13388:Archival Disc 13386: 13385: 13383: 13381:Media formats 13379: 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12888: 12885: 12882: 12879: 12876: 12873: 12870: 12867: 12864: 12861: 12858: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12843: 12836: 12833: 12830: 12827: 12824: 12821: 12818: 12815: 12812: 12809: 12806: 12803: 12800: 12797: 12794: 12791: 12788: 12785: 12782: 12779: 12776: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12754: 12751: 12748: 12745: 12742: 12739: 12736: 12733: 12730: 12727: 12724: 12721: 12718: 12715: 12712: 12709: 12706: 12703: 12700: 12697: 12694: 12691: 12688: 12685: 12682: 12679: 12676: 12673: 12670: 12667: 12664: 12661: 12658: 12655: 12652: 12649: 12646: 12643: 12640: 12637: 12634: 12631: 12628: 12625: 12622: 12619: 12616: 12613: 12610: 12607: 12604: 12601: 12598: 12595: 12592: 12589: 12586: 12583: 12580: 12577: 12574: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12539: 12534: 12532: 12527: 12525: 12520: 12519: 12516: 12503: 12495: 12494: 12490: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12470: 12468: 12464: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12442: 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HD Report. 11939: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11906: 11898: 11894: 11888: 11872: 11868: 11862: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11832: 11821:September 17, 11816: 11812: 11806: 11790: 11786: 11780: 11764: 11760: 11754: 11738: 11734: 11728: 11709: 11702: 11696: 11680: 11676: 11669: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11638: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11608: 11592: 11588: 11587: 11582: 11575: 11559: 11555: 11548: 11535: 11529: 11522: 11518: 11515: 11510: 11494: 11490: 11484: 11465: 11458: 11452: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11421: 11405: 11401: 11394: 11378: 11374: 11367: 11348: 11341: 11334: 11315: 11311: 11304: 11298: 11296: 11279: 11275: 11269: 11262: 11258: 11255: 11250: 11234: 11230: 11224: 11208: 11204: 11198: 11182: 11178: 11172: 11156: 11152: 11146: 11130: 11126: 11120: 11104: 11100: 11094: 11078: 11074: 11068: 11052: 11048: 11042: 11026: 11022: 11016: 11000: 10996: 10990: 10983: 10979: 10976: 10971: 10964: 10960: 10957: 10952: 10941:September 14, 10936: 10932: 10926: 10919: 10915: 10912: 10907: 10891: 10887: 10885: 10880: 10873: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10847: 10840: 10821: 10814: 10808: 10792: 10788: 10781: 10765: 10761: 10754: 10738: 10734: 10727: 10711: 10707: 10700: 10692: 10688: 10681: 10665: 10661: 10654: 10638: 10634: 10627: 10616:September 18, 10611: 10607: 10606: 10601: 10594: 10583:September 18, 10575: 10568: 10561: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10516: 10509: 10503: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10472: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10441: 10434: 10430: 10427: 10422: 10403: 10396: 10390: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10359: 10343: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10326: 10307: 10300: 10294: 10275: 10268: 10262: 10243: 10236: 10230: 10214: 10211:. Microsoft. 10210: 10209:microsoft.com 10206: 10200: 10184: 10180: 10174: 10167: 10163: 10160: 10154: 10147: 10143: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10123: 10121: 10113: 10112:archive.today 10109: 10106: 10100: 10098: 10090: 10086: 10083: 10077: 10058: 10051: 10045: 10043: 10023: 10016: 10010: 10008: 9991: 9987: 9985:9780071423960 9981: 9977: 9976: 9968: 9949: 9942: 9936: 9934: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9888: 9881: 9875: 9856: 9849: 9843: 9824: 9817: 9811: 9804: 9800: 9797: 9791: 9789: 9769: 9762: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9750: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9707: 9703: 9697: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9652: 9645: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9614: 9610: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9581: 9577: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9524: 9520: 9514: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9454: 9438: 9434: 9433:DailyTech.com 9430: 9423: 9421: 9404: 9400: 9394: 9392: 9372: 9365: 9359: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9270: 9269:archive.today 9266: 9263: 9258: 9252:afterdawn.com 9251: 9247: 9244: 9239: 9232: 9228: 9225: 9220: 9204: 9200: 9194: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9175: 9159: 9155: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9137: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9088:"Blu-ray FAQ" 9083: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9063: 9051:September 13, 9046: 9042: 9036: 9020: 9016: 9010: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8968: 8965:(in German). 8964: 8960: 8954: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8924: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8838: 8822: 8818: 8812: 8793: 8789: 8782: 8776: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8717: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8690: 8674: 8670: 8664: 8645: 8638: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8608: 8601: 8595: 8576: 8569: 8563: 8552:September 18, 8544: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8515:September 25, 8507: 8500: 8493: 8482:September 27, 8474: 8467: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8402: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8371: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8345: 8339: 8331: 8319: 8318: 8317:National Post 8313: 8306: 8298: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8273: 8258: 8257: 8251: 8243: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8098: 8082: 8078: 8077:CNET News.com 8074: 8068: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7955: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7924: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7893: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7863: 7847: 7843: 7836: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7783: 7767: 7763: 7756: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7725: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7701: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7637: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7600:September 18, 7592: 7585: 7579: 7577: 7557: 7550: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7469: 7465: 7458: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7427: 7411: 7407: 7405: 7400: 7393: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7362: 7360: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7329: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7305:Business Wire 7302: 7296: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7238: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7212: 7205: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7174: 7172: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7126: 7119: 7113: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7082: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7036: 7032: 7031:Digitimes.com 7028: 7021: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6975: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6958: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6927: 6911: 6907: 6906:Slashgear.com 6903: 6896: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6715:September 27, 6710: 6706: 6700: 6689:September 27, 6684: 6680: 6674: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6452: 6448: 6442: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6378: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6316: 6308: 6304: 6297: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6237: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6206: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6089: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6066: 6055:September 15, 6050: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6016: 6009: 6005: 6002: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5964: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5557: 5553: 5552:New Scientist 5549: 5542: 5531:September 19, 5526: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5449: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5382: 5375: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5332: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5227: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5186: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5136: 5132: 5125: 5106: 5099: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5072:"Blu-ray FAQ" 5067: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5048: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5012: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4958: 4952: 4943: 4934: 4927: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4896: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4852: 4846: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4769:3D television 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4734:2D plus Delta 4732: 4731: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4681: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4628:Sony Pictures 4625: 4621: 4620:PlayStation 4 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4595:PlayStation 3 4591: 4589: 4584: 4583:3D television 4580: 4571: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4531:" cards, and 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4516:random access 4513: 4510: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4288:(AACS LA), a 4287: 4283: 4279: 4270: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4248:protocol flag 4242: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4208: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4180:United States 4177: 4167: 4166: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3971:Sony Pictures 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3905: 3896: 3894: 3893:PlayStation 3 3889: 3880: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667:James Gosling 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3635: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3452:Dolby Digital 3450: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:Dolby Digital 3395: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2953: 2939: 2925: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2888:based on the 2887: 2883: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2811:computer file 2808: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2762: 2754: 2748: 2743: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2704:and standard 2703: 2699: 2698:optical discs 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2594: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2560:optical drive 2557: 2553: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2274: 2263: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2202:The minimum " 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2051: 2044: 2034: 2025: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:Twilight Time 2004: 2000: 1999:Severin Films 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1935:8K resolution 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1920:4K resolution 1916: 1914: 1913:Xbox Series X 1910: 1906: 1905:PlayStation 5 1902: 1901:PlayStation 4 1898: 1897:PlayStation 3 1894: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1862:According to 1855: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1762: 1750: 1745: 1736: 1735: 1727: 1724: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1688: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1610: 1595: 1583: 1578: 1569: 1568: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1463:PlayStation 3 1459: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422:, chaired by 1421: 1415: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1320: 1314: 1313:polycarbonate 1305: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 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