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the outline of the tower's structure. The second stanza represents the "winding, gyring, spiring treadmill of a stair" mentioned in line 17, which would account for the fact that the stanza lacks symmetry among its lines, which appear to extend to various lengths across the page in a way not seen in the other stanzas. Stanzas three and four, identical in form and appearance on the page, represent two ways of looking at the tower windows. Stanza three represents the windows "glittering" from the light of the moon passing through the glass, and stanza four represents the "dusty" inside surface upon which the trapped butterflies cling.
158:, Ireland. The building was originally called "Islandmore Castle" and "Ballylee Castle", yet Yeats changed the name when he purchased the building in 1917 for ÂŁ35. Yeats believed that the word "castle" was too magnificent and used the word "Thoor" instead as it was an anglicisation of the Irish for "tower", 'tĂşr'. Yeats credits the landmark as being the inspiration for the poem's setting. At the top of the tower was a waste room, which inspired the image of the empty room discussed in lines 8-12:
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255:, describing the top of the tower that society builds as being an area of death and decay. In the poem, the butterflies that reach the top of the tower are unable to escape through the window and are littered around the room. The second stanza is devoted to describing other methods that poets had used to try to explain the attempt of artists to build their own towers to elevate civilization through poetry only to find,
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between the lines as well as the incongruity of its form in relation to the others. Bloom, however, uses the problem with the second stanza to show that the poem has flaws that do not exist in other works Yeats wrote in the same period, suggesting that while the poem is "honest", the "strength is not there".
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Yeats explained the structure by suggesting that the poem is arranged on the page to visually represent the images described in the text. The first stanza represents the tower introduced in line 2. He claims to have composed these lines so that they would look long and slender on the page to achieve
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The castle consisted of four stories. On the first floor was the dining room, and the living room was found on the second. The third story contained the bedroom, and the top story contained the "Strangers' room" which and a secret room. It was also on this story that the tower's large windows opened
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suggests that it broadens the contrast between the two surfaces to highlight the difference between "the mortal and the incorruptible". However, she also states that the poem's theme of life and death shifts focus in the final stanza as the poet discusses the trapped butterflies, which "brings into
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The contrasting elements of the blood described in line 3 and the "purity" of the unclouded Moon in line 30 represents a major theme of the work. The Moon's surface appears unchanging and contrasts with the Earth that has been stained with the blood of men as the result of "arrogant power". As the
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describes the poem as being splendid, though theatrical, suggesting that the second stanza is the only part of the poem that fails to achieve its objective, calling it a "pseudo-Swiftian rant". Vendler also comments on the stanza, suggesting that the fact that it is the only one to have breaks
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The murder of Kevin O'Higgins acted as a catalyst for Yeats's creation of the poem. As Vice
President and Minister of Home Affairs in the Cosgrave Government, O'Higgins had enforced the Army Emergency Powers Act and condemned seventy-seven Republican "irregulars", including author
144:. O'Higgins was assassinated by a Republican gunman on 10 July 1927. When Yeats heard the news that O'Higgins had been murdered, he refused to eat and spent his evening walking along the streets until the sun set.
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using a rhyme scheme of AAA, which causes it to appear very different on the page from the stanzas that precede and follow it. The third stanza is a
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437:
The
Collected Works of W.B. Yeats, Volume X: Later Articles and Reviews: Uncollected Articles, Reviews, and Radio Broadcasts Written After 1900
115:, whom Yeats had known personally. The poem contains many themes common in Yeats's poems from the 1920s including the "tower", a reference to
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At the time that Yeats purchased the tower, it had seventy-three stairs that are described in lines 16-18 of the poem:
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quatrains with a rhyme scheme of ABBA. The fourth and final stanza repeats the structure of the one that precedes it.
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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in 1933. Yeats composed the poem in response to the 1927 assassination of
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This winding, gyring, spiring treadmill of a stair is my ancestral stair;
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Frye, Northrop. "The Top of the Tower: A Study of the
Imagery of Yeats".
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That
Goldsmith and the Dean, Berkeley and Burke have travelled there.
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written in 1927. It was first published in the Spring 1928 issue of
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409:. Ed Majorie Howes, John Kelly.Cambridge University Press, 2006
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and many men with whom O'Higgins had been allies during the
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The Works of
William Blake: Poetic, Symbolic and Critical
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The collected public domain poetry of Yeats as an eBook
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Finneran, Richard J. and George Mills Harper. "Notes".
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in particular, themselves dragged "down into mankind".
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231:, a square block of twelve lines of verse composed of
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The
Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics
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view the pathos of life, rather than its violence".
123:" which had been a major focus of his 1920 poem "
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80:Photograph of William Butler Yeats taken in 1933
481:Our Secret Discipline: Yeats and the Lyric Form
203:Tortoiseshell butterflies, peacock butterflies,
2092:In Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markiewicz
1909:
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405:Bornstein, George. "Yeats and Romanticism".
182:I declare this tower is my symbol; I declare
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1857:CĂşirt International Festival of Literature
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2381:The Curse of the Fires and of the Shadows
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200:And seem to cling upon the moonlit skies,
197:Upon the dusty, glittering windows cling,
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
813:Maol Sheachluinn na n-UirsgĂ©al Ă“ hĂšigĂnn
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206:A couple of night-moths are on the wing.
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1947:The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems
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407:The Cambridge Companion to W. B. Yeats
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2388:Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935
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2029:Aedh Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven
1502:Timna CathaĂr Máir CaithrĂ©im Cellaig
420:Bushrui, Suheil B. and Tim Prentki.
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103:in 1929, before being reprinted in
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2071:A Drunken Man's Praise of Sobriety
2036:An Irish Airman Foresees His Death
870:SĂ©afraidh Ă“ Donnchadha an Ghleanna
14:
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2225:To the Rose upon the Rood of Time
2003:The Winding Stair and Other Poems
743:Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde
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483:. Harvard University Press, 2007
105:The Winding Stair and Other Poems
1971:Responsibilities and Other Poems
860:Donnchadh Mac an Caoilfhiaclaigh
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394:. Oxford University Press, 1972
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1987:Michael Robartes and the Dancer
1923:
1644:The Wind That Shakes the Barley
1557:Dia libh a laochruidh Gaoidhiol
1552:CĂłir Connacht ar chath Laighean
514:" at HathiTrust Digital Library
424:Rowman & Littlefield, 1990
2204:The Song of the Happy Shepherd
2134:Remorse for Intemperate Speech
1547:An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin?
1537:A aonmhic DĂ© do cĂ©asadh thrĂnn
768:Muireadhach Albanach Ó Dálaigh
668:Baothghalach Mór Mac Aodhagáin
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2113:On being asked for a War Poem
2106:Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen
2057:The Circus Animals' Desertion
1878:Patrick Kavanagh Poetry Award
1512:Is acher in gaĂth in-nocht...
1507:Le dĂs cuirthear clĂş Laighean
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247:According to literary critic
215:The poem is arranged in four
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2494:An Appointment with Mr Yeats
2183:The Gift of Harun Al-Raschid
2022:The Song of Wandering Aengus
1584:Bean Torrach, fa Tuar Broide
778:Máeleoin Bódur Ó Maolconaire
673:Giolla Brighde Mac Con Midhe
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168:And sing it rhyme upon rhyme
111:, the Vice-President of the
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454:. Methuen Young Books 1970
99:and then in the collection
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2282:The Land of Heart's Desire
2099:The Lake Isle of Innisfree
2064:Down by the Salley Gardens
1613:Suantraà dá Mhac Tabhartha
1542:A theachtaire tig Ăłn RĂłimh
723:Tadhg Olltach Ó an Cháinte
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703:Mathghamhain Ó hIfearnáin
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142:Irish War of Independence
2471:W. B. Yeats bibliography
2127:A Prayer for My Daughter
678:Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh
663:Gilla Mo Dutu Ăša Caiside
466:W.B. Yeats: Man and Poet
300:Finneran 2000 pp.392–393
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154:castle in the Barony of
89:is a poem by Irish poet
2252:The Wild Swans at Coole
2245:The Wanderings of Oisin
1979:The Wild Swans at Coole
1578:The Prophecy of Berchán
1517:Is trĂşag in ces i mbiam
1485:The Wanderings of Oisin
738:Tarlach Rua Mac DĂłnaill
688:Donnchadh Mór Ó Dálaigh
608:Contention of the bards
2169:Song of the Old Mother
1661:Love Songs of Connacht
1527:An DĂbirt go Connachta
1522:Sen dollotar Ulaid ...
1248:Eiléan Nà Chuilleanáin
1073:Mary Devenport O'Neill
818:Philip Ă“ Duibhgeannain
783:Diarmaid Mac an Bhaird
773:Cearbhall Óg Ó Dálaigh
718:Fear Feasa Ó'n Cháinte
613:Irish Literary Revival
598:Chief Ollam of Ireland
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2546:Poetry by W. B. Yeats
2314:The Countess Cathleen
2176:The Fiddler of Dooney
1826:Poetry Ireland Review
1778:Cork University Press
1532:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh
932:James Clarence Mangan
693:Lochlann Óg Ó Dálaigh
653:Mael Ísu Ua Brolcháin
583:Irish syllabic poetry
578:Metrical Dindshenchas
378:Bloom 1972 pp.377–378
366:Vendler 1972 pp.85–86
339:Vendler 1972 pp.80–81
321:Bushrui 1990 pp.70–71
174:Half dead at the top.
165:A powerful emblem up,
162:In mockery I have set
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2373:The Bounty of Sweden
2298:Cathleen ni Houlihan
2155:Sailing to Byzantium
1840:The Honest Ulsterman
1763:Lapwing Publications
1727:Seamus Heaney Centre
1589:Tuireamh na hÉireann
1123:Micheál Mac Liammóir
748:Tadhg Dall Ă“ hĂšigĂnn
733:Proinsias Ă“ Doibhlin
708:Cormac Mac Con Midhe
171:In mockery of a time
91:William Butler Yeats
2290:Diarmuid and Grania
1803:The Dublin Magazine
1694:Prayer Before Birth
1673:Meeting The British
1233:Nora Tynan O'Mahony
1118:Nuala NĂ Dhomhnaill
1103:Máire Mhac an tSaoi
957:Antoine Ă“ Raifteiri
927:Charles Gavan Duffy
763:Cináed ua hArtacáin
728:Eochaidh Ó hÉoghusa
698:Fear Flatha Ă“ GnĂmh
603:Irish bardic poetry
309:Jeffares 1996 p.255
2322:At the Hawk's Well
2141:The Rose of Battle
2050:Blood and the Moon
1963:In the Seven Woods
1758:HardPressed Poetry
1414:Caitriona O'Reilly
1404:Bernard O'Donoghue
1223:Cathal Ă“ Searcaigh
1113:Gabriel Rosenstock
967:Robert Dwyer Joyce
834:Tomás Ó Cobhthaigh
798:Ă“engus of Tallaght
512:Blood and the Moon
510:Complete text of "
468:. Macmillan, 1996
464:Jeffares, Norman.
452:Stubborn Structure
348:Vendler 1972 pp.81
86:Blood and the Moon
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2424:John Butler Yeats
2406:Georgie Hyde-Lees
2360:(1893; co-author)
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1811:Icarus (magazine)
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1263:Dennis O'Driscoll
1213:Eoghan Ă“ Tuairisc
1093:MáirtĂn Ă“ Direáin
942:William Allingham
886:Aogán Ó Rathaille
865:Aogán Ó Rathaille
850:Dáibhà Ó Bruadair
827:15th/16th century
489:978-0-674-02695-7
474:978-0-312-15814-9
460:978-0-416-07510-6
445:978-0-684-80727-0
439:. Scribner, 2000
430:978-0-389-20905-8
415:978-0-521-65089-2
400:978-0-19-501603-1
272:Critical response
125:The Second Coming
101:The Winding Stair
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2239:Under Ben Bulben
2211:The Stolen Child
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1384:Brendan Kennelly
1238:Rita Ann Higgins
1183:Geoffrey Squires
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1028:Francis Ledwidge
1023:Thomas MacDonagh
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2190:The Scholars
2078:Easter, 1916
2049:
2043:Adam's Curse
2001:
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1985:
1977:
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1816:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1788:Publications
1748:Dolmen Press
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1667:Hi Uncle Sam
1659:
1653:Contemporary
1638:Tone's Grave
1636:
1630:19th century
1618:
1611:
1604:
1598:18th century
1576:
1483:
1465:
1434:William Wall
1419:Justin Quinn
1399:Gerry Murphy
1379:Trevor Joyce
1364:Vona Groarke
1349:Greg Delanty
1292:21st century
1258:Paula Meehan
1243:Eavan Boland
1178:Trevor Joyce
1163:Paul Muldoon
1133:Roy McFadden
1058:Denis Devlin
1053:Brian Coffey
1001:20th century
987:Edward Walsh
972:Thomas Davis
947:Douglas Hyde
922:Thomas Moore
915:19th century
879:18th century
843:17th century
808:Saint Dungal
622:
618:Weaver Poets
563:Irish poetry
549:Irish poetry
480:
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436:
421:
406:
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362:
353:
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296:
282:Harold Bloom
277:
276:In his book
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261:
246:
237:
221:rhyme scheme
214:
191:
177:
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116:
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84:
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60:
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32:
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2541:Irish poems
2486:Cuala Press
2349:Other works
1925:W. B. Yeats
1459:Anthologies
1344:Gerald Dawe
1334:Tony Curtis
1283:W. B. Yeats
1228:Bobby Sands
1208:Basil Payne
1203:Paul Durcan
1198:John Jordan
1153:Derek Mahon
1083:John Hewitt
1008:James Joyce
992:Oscar Wilde
952:James Henry
906:John Hewitt
753:NinĂne Éces
573:Dán DĂreach
54:August 2015
2536:1927 poems
2530:Categories
2454:Maud Gonne
2448:Lily Yeats
2414:(daughter)
2412:Anne Yeats
1736:Publishers
1562:Pangur Bán
1304:John Ennis
1268:Seán Dunne
385:References
233:pentameter
131:Background
113:Free State
46:footnoting
2438:(brother)
2338:Purgatory
2232:The Tower
1995:The Tower
1821:(defunct)
1806:(defunct)
1780:(general)
1773:SurVision
1309:Pat Boran
280:, critic
211:Structure
156:Kiltartan
96:The Exile
2515:magazine
2450:(sister)
2444:(sister)
2432:(mother)
2426:(father)
2391:(editor)
2365:A Vision
2120:Politics
977:Speranza
253:allegory
42:citation
2513:Samhain
2464:Related
2456:(lover)
1939:Volumes
1796:Cyphers
1567:Liamuin
568:Aisling
229:douzain
225:tercets
217:stanzas
2408:(wife)
2399:People
2376:(1925)
2368:(1925)
2341:(1938)
2333:(1927)
2325:(1916)
2317:(1911)
2309:(1903)
2301:(1902)
2293:(1901)
2285:(1894)
2277:(1886)
2274:Mosada
2006:(1933)
1998:(1928)
1990:(1921)
1982:(1919)
1974:(1916)
1966:(1903)
1958:(1892)
1950:(1889)
1932:Poetry
1850:Events
1495:Bardic
646:Bardic
624:An GĂşm
556:Topics
487:
472:
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443:
428:
413:
398:
243:Themes
152:Norman
2420:(son)
2266:Plays
2014:Poems
1701:D-Day
1477:Epics
1452:Poems
639:Poets
392:Yeats
289:Notes
278:Yeats
2501:Troy
593:FilĂ
485:ISBN
470:ISBN
456:ISBN
441:ISBN
426:ISBN
411:ISBN
396:ISBN
121:gyre
44:and
504:at
127:".
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371:^
314:^
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