5503:"Manufacturers of champagne and other sparkling wines prepare them dry or sweet, light or strong, according to the markets for which they are designed. The sweet wines go to Russia and Germany, the sweet-toothed Muscovite regarding M. Louis Roederer's syrupy product as the beau-idéal of champagne, and the Germans demanding wines with 20 or more per cent. of liqueur, or nearly quadruple the quantity that is contained in the average champagnes shipped to England. France consumes light and moderately sweet wines; the United States gives a preference to the intermediate qualities; China, India, and other hot countries stipulate for light dry wines; while the very strong 214 ones go to Australia, the Cape, and other places where gold and diamonds and such-like trifles are from time to time "prospected." Not merely the driest but the very best wines of the best manufacturers, and commanding of course the highest prices, are invariably reserved for the English market. Foreigners cannot understand the marked preference shown in England for exceedingly dry sparkling wines. They do not consider that as a rule they are drunk during dinner with the plats, and not at dessert, with all kinds of sweets, fruits, and ices, as is almost invariably the case abroad."
1365:", meaning that it is a blended product of grapes from multiple vintages. Most of the base will be from a single year vintage with producers blending anywhere from 10 to 15% (even as high as 40%) of wine from older vintages. If the conditions of a particular vintage are favourable, some producers will make a vintage wine that must be composed of 100% of the grapes from that vintage year. Under Champagne wine regulations, houses that make both vintage and non-vintage wines are allowed to use no more than 80% of the total vintage's harvest for the production of vintage Champagne. This allows at least 20% of the harvest from each vintage to be reserved for use in non-vintage Champagne. This ensures a consistent style that consumers can expect from non-vintage Champagne that does not alter too radically depending on the quality of the vintage. In less than ideal vintages, some producers will produce a wine from only that single vintage and still label it as non-vintage rather than as "vintage" since the wine will be of lesser quality and the producers have little desire to reserve the wine for future blending.
894:
871:. However, after the initial rush, these naturally occurring imperfections are typically too small to consistently act as nucleation points as the surface tension of the liquid smooths out these minute irregularities. The nucleation sites that act as a source for the ongoing effervescence are not natural imperfections in the glass, but actually occur where the glass has been etched by the manufacturer or the customer. This etching is typically done with acid, a laser, or a glass etching tool from a craft shop to provide nucleation sites for continuous bubble formation (note that not all glasses are etched in this way). In 1662 this method was developed in England, as records from the
476:, the government organization that controls wine appellations in France, was preparing to make the largest revision of the region's legal boundaries since 1927 in response to economic pressures. With soaring demand and limited production of grapes, Champagne houses say the rising price could produce a consumer backlash that would harm the industry for years into the future. That and political pressure from villages that wanted to be included in the expanded boundaries led to the move. Changes are subject to significant scientific review and are said not to impact Champagne-produced grapes until 2020. A final decision is not expected until 2023 or 2024.
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97:
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1963:
Champagne was very similar to the composition of modern-day
Champagne, there was much more sugar in this Champagne than in modern-day Champagne, and it was also less alcoholic than modern-day Champagne. The high sugar level was characteristic of people's tastes at the time, and Jeandet explained that it was common for people in the 19th century, such as Russians, to add sugar to their wine at dinner. It also contained higher concentrations of minerals such as iron, copper, and table salt than modern-day Champagne does.
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This hold can also smudge the top section of the glass. These two types of glass can also be held by the disk-shaped base without smudging or warming the liquid inside. When it comes to the coupe glass, with its short stem and shallow, wide-brimmed bowl, the only possible glass hold is by the bowl. The top-heavy nature of the glass makes holding by the base or stem impossible, while the large diameter of the top makes grabbing the glass by the rim difficult.
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40:
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cork and glue. The bottom section is in contact with the wine. Before insertion, a sparkling wine cork is almost 50% larger than the opening of the bottle. Originally, the cork starts as a cylinder and is compressed before insertion into the bottle. Over time, their compressed shape becomes more permanent and the distinctive "mushroom" shape becomes more apparent.
1525:
2009:, whose characteristics include a long stem with a tall, narrow bowl, thin sides and an etched bottom. The intended purpose of the shape of the flute is to reduce surface area, therefore preserving carbonation, as well as maximizing nucleation (the visible bubbles and lines of bubbles). Legend has it that the Victorian
440:(CIVC), has developed a comprehensive set of rules and regulations for all wine produced in the region to protect its economic interests. They include codification of the most suitable growing places, the most suitable grape types (most Champagne is a blend of up to three grape varieties, though other
1621:
The character of rosé Champagne has varied greatly since its production began. Thought to be a sign of extravagance when originally introduced, by the early 20th century these wines were colloquially known as "Pink
Champagne," and had gained a reputation of frivolousness or even dissipation. The 1939
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A French term (literally "white from blacks" or "white of blacks") for a white wine produced entirely from black grapes. The flesh of grapes described as black or red is white; grape juice obtained after minimal possible contact with the skins produces essentially white wine, with a slightly yellower
1108:, among other nobles, knights, and military officers. Despite this royal prestige, champagne houses also portrayed champagne as a luxury which could be enjoyed by anyone, and was fit for any occasion. This strategy worked, and, by the turn of the 20th century, the majority of champagne drinkers were
2053:
To reduce the risk of spilling or spraying any
Champagne, the bottle is opened by holding the cork and rotating the bottle at an angle in order to ease out the stopper. This method, as opposed to pulling the cork out, prevents the cork from flying out of the bottle at speed (the expanding gases are
1115:
In the 19th century, champagne producers made a concentrated effort to market their wine to women. This is done by having the sweeter champagne associates with female, whereas the dry champagne with male and foreign markets. This was in stark contrast to the traditionally "male aura" that the wines
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also managed to market champagne by identifying it with leisure activities and sporting events. They also successfully appealed to a broader range of consumers by highlighting the different qualities of sparkling wine versus ordinary wine, associating champagne brands with royalty and nobility, and
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to get rid of the bubbles since the pressure in the bottles caused many of them to burst in the cellar. As sparkling wine production increased in the early 18th century, cellar workers had to wear a heavy iron mask to prevent injury from spontaneously bursting bottles. The disturbance caused by one
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Champagne corks are mostly built from three sections and are referred to as agglomerated corks. The mushroom shape that occurs in the transition is a result of the bottom section's being composed of two stacked discs of pristine cork cemented to the upper portion, which is a conglomerate of ground
1962:
In April 2015, nearly five years after the bottles were first found, researchers led by
Philippe Jeandet, a professor of food biochemistry, released the findings of their chemical analyses of the Champagne, and particularly noted the fact that, although the chemical composition of the 170-year-old
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Champagne is mostly fermented in two sizes of bottles, standard bottles (750 millilitres) and magnums (1.5 litres). In general, magnums are thought to be higher quality, as there is less oxygen in the bottle, and the volume-to-surface area ratio favours the creation of appropriately sized bubbles.
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that appealed to the conservative factions of French citizens that viewed the former queen as a martyr. On other labels there were stirring images of
Revolutionary scenes that appealed to the liberal left sentiments of French citizens. As World War I loomed, champagne houses put images of soldiers
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has traditionally made a still wine labelled as "Champagne": the earliest records of viticulture dated to 1657. In 1999, in an accord with the EU, the Swiss government conceded that, by 2004, the village would phase out the use of the name. Sales dropped from 110,000 bottles a year to 32,000 after
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or tulip glass, etiquette dictates holding by the long, narrow stem in order to avoid smudging the glass and warming up the contents with the heat of one's hand. Flute and tulip glasses can be temporarily held by the rim, although this glass hold blocks the area where the taster would take a sip.
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The only wines that are legally allowed to be named âChampagneâ must be bottled within 100 miles of the
Champagne region in France. The name is legally protected by European law and an 1891 treaty that requires true champagne to be produced in the Champagne region and made from the Pinot Meunier,
1601:
Rosé Champagnes are characterized by their distinctive blush color, fruity aroma, and earthy flavor. Rosé Champagne has been produced since the late 18th century; storied French
Champagne houses Rinault and Veuve Clicquot have each claimed to have shipped and sold the first bottles. The wine is
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and champagne in 1663. Champagne is always served cold; its ideal drinking temperature is 7 to 9 °C (45 to 48 °F). Often the bottle is chilled in a bucket of ice and water, half an hour before opening, which also ensures the
Champagne is less gassy and can be opened without spillage.
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Just after disgorgement a "liqueur de dosage" or liqueur dâexpĂ©dition â a blend of, typically, cane sugar and wine (sugar amounts up to 750 g/litre) â is added to adjust the levels of sugar in the
Champagne when bottled for sale, and hence the sweetness of the finished wine. Today sweetness is
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until the 19th century, about 200 years after Merret documented the process. The 19th century saw a dramatic growth in champagne production, going from a regional production of 300,000 bottles a year in 1800 to 20 million bottles in 1850. In 2007, champagne sales hit a record of 338.7 million
890:
bottle exploding could cause a chain reaction, with it being routine for cellars to lose 20â90% of their bottles this way. The mysterious circumstance surrounding the then unknown process of fermentation and carbonic gas caused some critics to call the sparkling creations "The Devil's Wine".
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passed laws or signed agreements with Europe that limit the use of the term "Champagne" to only those products produced in the
Champagne region. The United States bans the use of all new U.S.-produced wine brands. However, those that had approval to use the term on labels before 2006
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354:-makers' technical developments that allowed bottles to be produced that could withstand the required internal pressures during secondary fermentation. French glass-makers at this time could not produce bottles of the required quality or strength. As early as 1663, the poet
1206:
but the territory is divided into next sub-regions, known as wine-producing districts, and each of them has distinct characteristics. The main wine-producing districts of the Champagne wine region: Reims, Marne Valley, CĂŽte des Blancs, CĂŽtes des Bar, CĂŽtes de Sezzane.
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settle in the neck of the bottle. After chilling the bottles, the neck is frozen, and the cap removed. This process is called disgorgement. The 6 bar pressure in the bottle forces out the ice containing the lees. Some wine from previous vintages and additional sugar
98:
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Regardless of the legal requirements for labeling, extensive education efforts by the Champagne region, and the use of alternative names by non-Champagne sparkling wine producers, some consumers, and wine sellers, including "Korbels California Champagne", use
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runs westâeast through Champagne, south of the Montagne de Reims. The VallĂ©e de la Marne contains south-facing chalky slopes. Chardonnay gives the wine its acidity and biscuit flavour. Most Chardonnay is grown in a northâsouth-running strip to the south of
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selling off-brands under the names of importers from France at a lower cost. However, selling off-brands at a lower price proved to be unsuccessful, since "there was an assumption that cheap sparkling wine was not authentic." Since the beginning of the
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of varying quality, but a top-of-the-range wine produced to the highest standards (and priced accordingly) was a new idea. In fact, Louis Roederer had been producing Cristal since 1876, but this was strictly for the private consumption of the Russian
1656:
For Caroline Latrive, cellar master of Ayala, a Champagne house that pioneered drier champagnes at the end of the 19th century, dosage represents the final touch in champagne making and must be as subtle as possible to bring the right balance.
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before bottling. It can also limit the release of Champagne to market to maintain prices. Only when a wine meets these requirements may it be labelled Champagne. The rules agreed upon by the CIVC are submitted for the final approval of the
1249:, Pinot meunier, and Pinot noir. The sparsely cultivated varieties (0.02% of the total vines planted in Champagne) of Arbanne, Petit Meslier, and Pinot blanc can still be found in modern cuvées from a few producers. Previous directives of
1680:, more common among smaller producers, have no added sugar and will usually be very dry, with less than 3 grams of residual sugar per litre in the finished wine. The following terms are used to describe the sweetness of the bottled wine:
1614:. Champagne is light in color even when it is produced with red grapes, because the juice is extracted from the grapes using a gentle process that minimizes contact with the skins. By contrast, Rosé Champagne, especially that created by
2039:
When it comes to the etiquette behind holding a glass of Champagne, it is important to consider the type of Champagne glass used and the four main parts of any wine glass: the rim, the bowl, the stem and the base. In the case of a
973:) A grower that also makes wine from its own grapes (a maximum of 5% of purchased grapes is permitted). Note that co-operative members who take their bottles to be disgorged at the co-op can now label themselves as RM instead of RC
926:(vine-growing producers) in Champagne. These companies manage some 32,000 hectares of vineyards in the region. The type of champagne producer can be identified from the abbreviations followed by the official number on the bottle:
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Pouring sparkling wine while tilting the glass at an angle and gently sliding in the liquid along the side will preserve the most bubbles, as opposed to pouring directly down to create a head of "mousse", according to a study,
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account for the differences in grape characteristics and explain the appropriateness of blending juice from different grape varieties and geographical areas within Champagne, to get the desired style for each Champagne house.
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There are several general factors influencing the price of Champagne: the limited land of the region, the prestige that Champagne has developed worldwide, and the high cost of the production process, among possible others.
1669:, and sugar also acts as a preservative. Benoßt Gouez, cellar master of Moët & Chandon says that sugar helps champagne recover from the oxidative shock of disgorgement, and contributes to the wine's aging potential.
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Unique sizes have been made for specific markets, special occasions and people. The most notable example is perhaps the 20 fluid oz. / 56.8 cl (imperial pint) bottle made between 1874 and 1973 for the English market by
373:
to prevent the corks from blowing out. Initial versions were difficult to apply and inconvenient to remove. Even when it was deliberately produced as a sparkling wine, champagne was for a very long time made by the
1285:. The Montagne de Reims run eastâwest to the south of Reims, in northern Champagne. They are notable for north-facing chalky slopes that derive heat from the warm winds rising from the valleys below. The River
1636:." Rosé Champagnes, particularly brut varieties, began regaining popularity in the late 20th century in many countries. Because of the complex variety of flavors it presents, rosé Champagne is often served in
1253:
make conditional allowances according to the complex laws of 1927 and 1929, and plantings made before 1938. Before the 2010 regulations, the complete list of the actual and theoretical varieties also included
1958:
described the bottles' contents as being in a very good condition. It is planned that the majority of the bottles will be sold at auction, the price of each estimated to be in the region of ÂŁ40,000â70,000.
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from Cedric Bouchard). The term is occasionally used in other sparkling wine-producing regions, usually to denote Chardonnay-only wines rather than any sparkling wine made from other white grape varieties.
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were forbidden by an EU court decision in 1994. As of 2005 the description most often used for sparkling wines using the second fermentation in the bottle process, but not from the Champagne region, is
6108:
Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard; Villaume, Sandra; Cilindre, Clara; Jeandet, Philippe (11 March 2009). "Kinetics of CO 2 Fluxes Outgassing from Champagne Glasses in Tasting Conditions: The Role of Temperature".
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However, there is no hard evidence for this view. Other bottle sizes, mostly named for Biblical figures, are generally filled with Champagne that has been fermented in standard bottles or magnums.
809:) rather than a blend of multiple years' harvests. This means that the champagne will be very good and has to mature for at least 3 years. During this time the champagne bottle is sealed with a
230:
were the first to plant vineyards in this area of northeast France, with the region being tentatively cultivated by the 5th century. Cultivation was initially slow due to the unpopular edict by
1214:
of the grapes and absence of skin contact during fermentation, usually also yield a white base wine. Most Champagnes, including Rosé wines, are made from a blend of all three grapes, although
1628:
was reportedly approached to promote it by featuring the main characters bonding over enjoying the unpopular drink, and caused a sales boost after the film's release. It is also cited by the
1233:
Four other grape varieties are permitted, mostly for historical reasons, as they are rare in current usage. The 2010 version of the appellation regulations lists seven varieties as allowed,
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1980:
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1147:
In some advertisements, the champagne houses catered to political interest such as the labels that appeared on different brands on bottles commemorating the centennial anniversary of the
301:
did not invent sparkling wine, though he did make important contributions to the production and quality of both still and sparkling Champagne wines. The oldest recorded sparkling wine is
1606:
method, winemakers will leave the clear juice of dark grapes to macerate with the skins for a brief time, resulting in wine lightly colored and flavored by the skins. In the more common
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425:
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Guy, Kolleen M. ""Oiling the Wheels of Social Life": Myths and Marketing in Champagne during the Belle Epoque." French Historical Studies 22.2 (1999): 211â39. Web. 28 February 2017.
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Champagne buckets are made specifically for this purpose and often have a larger volume than standard wine-cooling buckets to accommodate the larger bottle, and more water and ice.
2092:. Colder bottle temperatures also result in reduced loss of gas. Additionally, the industry is developing Champagne glasses designed specifically to reduce the amount of gas lost.
1991:
The aging of the Champagne post-disgorgement can to some degree be told by the cork, as, the longer it has been in the bottle, the less it returns to its original cylinder shape.
5153:
1749:. However, throughout the 19th century and into the early 20th century Champagne was generally much sweeter than it is today. Moreover, except in Britain, Champagne was drunk as
1510:, often named after notable people with a link to that producer and presented in non-standard bottle shapes (following Dom PĂ©rignon's lead with its 18th-century revival design).
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A French term that means "white from whites", and is used to designate Champagnes made exclusively from Chardonnay grapes or in rare occasions from Pinot blanc (such as
341:
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for imported sparkling wine, including sparkling wine produced in the Champagne wine region, reserving the designation for domestically produced sparkling wine only.
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La Grande AnnĂ©e, (R. D. â RĂ©cemment DĂ©gorgĂ©, this is the denomination for "ĆnothĂšque" by Bollinger, meaning the crowning achievement of the Grande AnnĂ©e)
1533:
colour than wine from white grapes. The colour, due to the small amount of red skin pigments present, is often described as white-yellow, white-grey, or silvery.
682:. In 2008, more than 3,000 bottles of sparkling wine produced in California labelled with the term "Champagne" were destroyed by Belgian government authorities.
242:
was erected, and the region started to produce a light, fruity, red wine that contrasted with heavier Italian brews often fortified with resin and herbs. Later,
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863:
An initial burst of effervescence occurs when the champagne contacts the dry glass on pouring. These bubbles form on imperfections in the glass that facilitate
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1140:. Champagne labels were designed with images of romantic love and marriage as well as other special occasions that were deemed important to women, such as the
5733:
1618:, results in the production of rosé with a predictable and reproducible color, allowing winemakers to achieve a consistent rosé appearance from year to year.
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The popularity of champagne is particularly attributed to the success of champagne producers in marketing the wine's image as a royal and aristocratic drink.
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1753:(after the meal), rather than as table wines (with the meal). At this time, Champagne sweetness was instead referred to by destination country, roughly as:
456:
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719:, Russian for "that, which is of Champagne"). The name is still used today for some brands of sparkling wines produced in former Soviet republics, such as
173:
Champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with
2519:
1864:. (The same names are used for bottles containing regular wine and port; however, Jeroboam, Rehoboam, and Methuselah refer to different bottle volumes.)
1210:
As a general rule, grapes used must be the white Chardonnay, or the dark-skinned "red wine grapes" Pinot noir or Pinot meunier, which, due to the gentle
4673:
1257:
6063:
Cilindre, Clara; Henrion, CĂ©line; Coquard, Laure; Poty, Barbara; Barbier, Jacques-Emmanuel; Robillard, Bertrand; Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard (22 July 2021).
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558:, provided the term is accompanied by the wine's actual origin (e.g., "California"). The majority of US-produced sparkling wines do not use the term
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837:) is added to maintain the level within the bottle and adjust the sweetness of the finished wine. The bottle is then quickly corked to maintain the
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5161:
4610:, Preliminary reference â Assessment of validity â Description of sparkling wines â Prohibition of reference to the method of production known as "
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under an 1891 treaty, which reserved it for the sparkling wine produced in the eponymous region and adhering to the standards defined for it as an
6557:
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1860:
Sizes larger than Jeroboam (3 L) are rare. Primat bottles (27 L)âand, as of 2002, Melchizedek bottles (30 L)âare exclusively offered by the House
502:
435:
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One interesting product placement bit of trivia: The champagne industry was interested in promoting a new product: pink champagne. In one scene,
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1250:
119:, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and
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made from either pinot noir, pinot meunier or a blend of the two (these being the only two black grapes permitted within the Champagne AOC
1101:
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6020:"Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a Tool for Investigating Self-Organized Ascending Bubble-Driven Flow Patterns in Champagne Glasses"
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and bottling, a second alcoholic fermentation occurs in the bottle. This second fermentation is induced by adding several grams of yeast
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1936:
referenced above. When experts were replacing the old corks with new ones, they discovered there were also bottles from a third house,
361:
In France, the first sparkling champagne was created accidentally; the pressure in the bottle led it to be called "the devil's wine" (
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1277:
The dark-skinned Pinot noir and Pinot meunier give the wine its length and backbone. They are predominantly grown in two areas â the
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is a proprietary blended wine (usually a Champagne) that is considered to be the top of a producer's range. Famous examples include
1183:
when a bottle is smashed over the hull during the ship's launch. If the bottle fails to break this is often thought to be bad luck.
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supersonic). Also, holding the bottle at an angle allows air in and helps prevent the champagne from geysering out of the bottle.
1912:
by Finnish diver Christian Ekström. Initial analyses indicated there were at least two types of bottle from two different houses:
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Liger-Belair, Gérard; Bourget, Marielle; Villaume, Sandra; Jeandet, Philippe; Pron, Hervé; Polidori, Guillaume (11 August 2010).
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period, champagne has gone from a regional product serving a niche market to a national commodity which is distributed globally.
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523:
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A Champagne cork before usage. Only the lower section, made of top-quality pristine cork, will be in contact with the Champagne.
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was Moët & Chandon's Dom Pérignon, launched in 1936 with the 1921 vintage. Until then, Champagne houses produced different
4299:
Hudibras. The first (second, third) part [by S. Butler]. Corrected and amended, with several additions and annotations
369:), as bottles exploded or corks popped. At the time, bubbles were considered a fault. In 1844, Adolphe Jaquesson invented the
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6176:
Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard; Polidori, Guillaume; Jeandet, Philippe (2008). "Recent advances in the science of champagne bubbles".
1887:
Champagne was opened at a ceremony attended by 12 of the world's top wine tasters. This bottle was officially recognised by
394:
In the 19th century, champagne was noticeably sweeter than today's champagnes. The trend towards drier champagne began when
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The Champagne industry is expected to ship 314 million bottles in 2023, down 3.7% from the previous year, according to the
642:
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In 2015, some Australian sports competitors began to celebrate by drinking champagne from their shoe, a practice known as
1946:, and four bottles of Heidsieck, in addition to 23 bottles whose manufacture is still to be identified. Champagne experts
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and countries' flags on their bottles, customizing the image for each country to which the wine was imported. During the
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1124:. Laurent-Perrier again took the lead in this area with advertisements touting their wine's favour with the Countess of
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a minimum of 1.5 years is required to completely develop all the flavour. For years where the harvest is exceptional, a
313:, in 1531. They achieved this by bottling the wine before the initial fermentation had ended. Over a century later, the
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or, to a minimal extent, on cellulose fibres left over from the wiping and drying process as shown with a high-speed
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the change. In April 2008, the villagers resolved to fight against the restriction following a Swiss open-air vote.
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industry trade group. Nightclub markets remain strong, but consumption of Champagne in the home is losing ground.
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17:
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1023:. A brand name unrelated to the producer or grower; the name is owned by someone else, for example a supermarket
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5759:
Ames, D. L., Garrison, J. R., Gitlin, J., Herrmann, G., Isenstadt, S., Jenkins, M., ... & Winn, L. (2014).
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Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard (2010). "Visual Perception of Effervescence in Champagne and Other Sparkling Beverages".
4706:"Russia just banned the use of the word "Shampanskoye" â the Russian word for champagne â on imported bottles"
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1502:. In the last three decades of the 20th century, most Champagne houses followed these with their own prestige
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in 1829.) The shipwreck is dated between 1800 and 1830, and the bottles discovered may well predate the 1825
120:
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In the 19th century, champagne was produced and promoted to mark contemporary political events, such as the
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448:. This includes pruning, vineyard yield, the degree of pressing, and the time that wine must remain on its
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613:. Sparkling wines are produced worldwide, and many producers use special terms to define them: Spain uses
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1528:
Most red wine grapes have their color concentrated in the skin, while the juice is much lighter in color.
1653:
generally not looked for per se, and dosage is used to fine tune the perception of acidity in the wine.
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7512:
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7308:
6065:"Does the Temperature of the prise de mousse Affect the Effervescence and the Foam of Sparkling Wines?"
5387:
gazed into each others' eyes while sipping on pink champagne, and sales went up immediately afterwards.
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2013:
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as the oldest bottle of Champagne in the world. The contents were found to be drinkable, with notes of
31:
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1230:("white from blacks") Champagnes are made solely from Pinot noir, Pinot meunier or a mix of the two.
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756:
586:
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on their labels, and some states, such as Oregon, ban producers in their states from using the term.
382:, where the wine was bottled before the initial fermentation had finished. Champagne did not use the
321:
documented the addition of sugar to a finished wine to create a second fermentation six years before
291:
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955:. Cooperatives that make wines from the growers who are members, with all the grapes pooled together
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5154:"Décret n° 2010-1441 du 22 novembre 2010 relatif à l'appellation d'origine contrÎlée " Champagne ""
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1001:. A co-operative member selling champagne produced by the co-operative under its own name and label
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is declared and some champagne will be made from and labelled as the products of a single vintage (
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207:
30:
This article is about the sparkling wine from the Champagne region of France. For other uses, see
7487:
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6696:
5980:"More on the Losses of Dissolved CO 2 during Champagne Serving: Toward a Multiparameter Modeling"
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4297:
4113:
1624:
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Le Remueur: 1889 engraving of the man engaged in the daily task of turning each bottle a fraction
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Knack Wine Basics: A Complete Illustrated Guide to Understanding, Selecting & Enjoying Wine
4057:
1889:
787:
and rock sugar to the bottle â although each brand has its own secret recipe. According to the
694:
582:
306:
5776:
Three Sheets: Drinking Made Easy! 6 Continents, 15 Countries, 190 Drinks, and 1 Mean Hangover!
5465:
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1413:
878:
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Additionally, dosage protects champagne from oxidation because it includes a small amount of
1641:
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After aging, the bottle is manipulated, either manually or mechanically, in a process called
227:
108:
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2100:
1857:
still bottles its Grande RĂ©serve in jeroboam from the beginning of its second fermentation.
1282:
941:. These companies (including the majority of the larger brands) buy grapes and make the wine
270:
neighbours to the south and sought to produce wines of equal acclaim. However, the northern
8305:
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5873:
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4793:
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is a common sparkling wine. Other French wine regions cannot use the name Champagne: e.g.,
530:
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1915 English magazine illustration of a lady riding a Champagne cork (Lordprice Collection)
355:
302:
198:
3169:
2114:
1409:
585:, came to consider the remaining semi-generic labels as harmful to their reputations (cf.
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after World War I. Over 70 countries have adopted similar legal protection. Most recently
8:
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7369:
6613:
5919:
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5675:
4916:
4782:
4035:
3443:
3419:
2993:
2089:
2020:
825:
778:
449:
6919:
5877:
5842:
5105:
4797:
8047:
7830:
7507:
7012:
6500:
6432:
6267:
6150:
6091:
6064:
6046:
6019:
5896:
5861:
5470:
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Cuvée réservée brut, Cuvée réservée extra brut, Grande Cuvée Grand Cru Blanc de Blancs
3377:
2170:
2024:
2000:
1832:(1.5 litres), full (0.75 litre), half (0.375 litre), quarter (0.1875 litre). On floor:
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347:
318:
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is often encountered in Champagne, where a number of houses have followed the lead of
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Champagne is typically drunk during celebrations. For example, British Prime Minister
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festivities. The Champenois were envious of the reputation of the wines made by their
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can be used to open a Champagne bottle with great ceremony. This technique is called
1937:
1873:
1845:
1841:
1837:
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1569:
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1278:
1274:, this was postponed until 1962, and this variety is no longer allowed in Champagne.
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570:
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243:
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An Edwardian English advertisement for champagne, listing honours and royal drinkers
987:. An association of growers making a shared Champagne but who are not a co-operative
615:
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7179:
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6222:
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exclusively for sparkling wines from the Champagne region, made in accordance with
495:
Sparkling wines are produced worldwide, but many legal structures reserve the word
235:
57:
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5215:[AOC Champagne: Definition and law] (in French). Les Maisons de Champagne.
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1882:
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method, producers will blend a small amount of still red wine to a sparkling wine
395:
282:, the grapes would struggle to ripen fully and often would have bracing levels of
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7345:
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Bursting Bubbles: A Secret History of Champagne and the Rise of the Great Growers
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2006:
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in the taste. There are now only two other bottles from the 1825 vintage extant.
1397:
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1085:
574:
566:
91:
5978:
Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard; Parmentier, Maryline; Cilindre, Clara (28 November 2012).
4460:
Nassauer, Sarah (14 December 2007). "Demand for Champagne gives Peas a chance".
4282:
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1078:
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8205:
8137:
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7114:
7109:
7007:
6974:
6790:
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6367:
5719:"What Does a 170-Year-Old Champagne Found on the Bottom of the Sea Taste Like?"
4678:
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3802:
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3305:
3247:
2836:
2429:
2032:
1955:
1947:
1916:
1829:
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1524:
1393:
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1157:
838:
638:
428:
A map of French wine regions, with the Champagne appellation highlighted in red
314:
287:
104:
7502:
6081:
2031:, but the glass was designed in England over a century earlier especially for
1824:
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in 1960, a blend of three vintages (1952, 1953, and 1955) and Perrier Jouët's
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4575:"United States Champagne Bureau Champagne in United States Champagne America"
4432:
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4202:
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1773:
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held a champagne reception to celebrate London winning the right to host the
1137:
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1117:
872:
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516:
334:
283:
167:
147:
44:
7739:
6018:
Beaumont, Fabien; Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard; Polidori, Guillaume (23 July 2020).
5860:
Liger-Belair, Gerard; Cordier, Daniel; Georges, Robert (20 September 2019).
5588:
1971:
1088:'s advertisements in late 1890 boasted their champagne was the favourite of
218:(The Oyster Luncheon) is the first known depiction of Champagne in painting.
8220:
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5886:
5862:"Under-expanded supersonic CO2 freezing jets during champagne cork popping"
4636:
4634:
Alexandra Stadnyk (10 January 2008). "Belgium destroys California bubbly".
4022:
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A list of major Champagne producers and their respective Cuvée de prestige
1951:
1750:
1595:
1271:
1165:
1109:
868:
702:
186:
178:
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5522:
4478:"Pourquoi la Champagne va subir son plus grand bouleversement depuis 1927"
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2143:
1979:
1819:
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1307:
1242:
886:
855:
850:
578:
445:
330:
310:
279:
223:
182:
155:
124:
116:
6964:
6502:
Champagne: The History and Character of the World's Most Celebrated Wine
6434:
When Champagne Became French: Wine and the Making of a National Identity
2131:
started the tradition of drivers spraying the crowd and each other. The
8132:
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7916:
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7694:
7535:
7451:
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7392:
7298:
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6889:
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6805:
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6589:
6579:
4674:"Only Wines Made in Russia Can Be Called Champagne Under New Putin Law"
3549:
3197:
2147:
2128:
1927:
1909:
1469:
1468:. Cristal was made publicly available with the 1945 vintage. Then came
1246:
1172:
1046:
864:
274:
of the region gave the Champenois a unique set of challenges in making
263:
203:
159:
151:
143:
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1353:
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vines of the region were scheduled to be uprooted by 1942, but due to
676:
507:
regulations. In the European Union and many other countries, the name
7941:
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7303:
7283:
7219:
7199:
7189:
7149:
7087:
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6189:
4062:, term used for non-sparkling (still) wines produced in the same area
3898:
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2244:
2105:
1869:
1538:
1436:
1073:
810:
646:
534:
251:
39:
6568:
2071:(the term is also used for simply breaking the head of the bottle).
918:
There are more than one hundred champagne houses and 19,000 smaller
7159:
7154:
7144:
7037:
7017:
6984:
6949:
6795:
6758:
6670:
6665:
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6107:
3223:
2828:
2380:
2142:
Champagne celebrations on F1 podiums in 2004, using a nonalcoholic
1904:
In July 2010, 168 bottles were found on board a shipwreck near the
1861:
1810:
Of these, only the driest English is close to contemporary tastes.
1222:("white from whites") Champagnes are made from 100% Chardonnay and
761:
690:
as a generic term for white sparkling wines, regardless of origin.
665:
656:
623:
424:
275:
247:
239:
231:
174:
7760:
6879:
5934:
5545:"Guide to Champagne Bottle Sizes and Names | Adore Champagne"
5156:[Decree number 2010-1441 of 22 November 2010, relating to the
1905:
1828:
Side-by-side comparison of Champagne bottles. (L to R) On ladder:
1547:
7612:
7418:
7169:
7022:
6997:
6924:
6660:
6363:"Champagne Demand Softens After Post-Covid Boom Years, LVMH Says"
5439:"Interview with Benoßt Gouez Chef de Caves of Moët & Chandon"
3874:
3850:
3345:
2136:
2065:
1940:. The wreck, then, contained 95 bottles of Juglar, 46 bottles of
1898:
1894:
1362:
1338:
1164:
with antisemitic advertisements to take advantage of the wave of
1141:
370:
271:
6773:
2489:
2111:
Champagne has been an integral part of sports celebration since
444:), and a lengthy set of requirements specifying most aspects of
7577:
7540:
7164:
7052:
7047:
6346:
3103:
2907:
2863:
2497:
2132:
1983:
Corking a Champagne Bottle: 1855 engraving of the manual method
1854:
1234:
777:, champagne is produced by a traditional method. After primary
738:
669:
546:
542:
399:
398:
decided not to sweeten his 1846 vintage before exporting it to
163:
154:
are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of
112:
7647:
6551:
5977:
5613:"Champagne still 'fresh' after nearly two centuries in Baltic"
4595:
Oregon State Law 471, including 471.030, 471.730 (1) & (5)
432:
The Champagne winemaking community, under the auspices of the
185:
and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging
7361:
7077:
7032:
7002:
3970:
3922:
3826:
3633:
3579:
3557:
3533:
3503:
3455:
3401:
3353:
3329:
3255:
3205:
3081:
3025:
3001:
2977:
2733:
2711:
2641:
2247:
2232:
2154:
2058:
1923:
1303:
1267:
1186:
882:
550:
538:
487:
351:
326:
259:
6017:
2929:
2810:
2543:
2307:
1764:("English taste", between 22 and 66 grams); note that today
1594:"Champagne Rosé" redirects here. For the song by Quavo, see
565:
Several key U.S. wine regions, such as those in California (
350:, in 1662. Merret's discoveries coincided also with English
6629:
6585:
6175:
5164:
number 273, text number 8. 25 November 2010. p. 21013.
1926:
and the long-defunct Champagne house Juglar (absorbed into
1465:
661:
473:
75:
6563:
6062:
5937:"On the Losses of Dissolved CO 2 during Champagne Serving"
5859:
5691:"Shipwrecked champagne good, but not ours: Veuve-Clicquot"
4574:
294:
and thinner than the Burgundy wines they sought to outdo.
250:, and monks produced wine for use in the sacrament of the
238:, the son of a gardener, rescinded the edict, a temple to
60:
63:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4897:
2173:
specialty. Other well-known recipes using Champagne are
1191:
1151:
of 1789. On some labels there were flattering images of
222:
Still wines from the Champagne region were known before
6598:
5734:"170-year-old, shipwrecked champagne gets a taste test"
897:
Champagne uncorking captured via high-speed photography
410:
Pinot Noir, or Chardonnay grapes grown in this region.
8246:
6547:
World History Encyclopedia - The History of Champagne
6524:. Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia: Bibendum Wine Co.
4894:
4865:
4830:
2177:("oysters with Champagne") and Champagne zabaglione.
78:
8301:
French products with protected designation of origin
5234:
4589:
4505:"Champagne region expansion uncorks grapes of wrath"
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4012:
1072:, linking champagne to French nationalist ideology.
72:
6218:"Champagne fizzics: Science backs pouring sideways"
5671:"200-year-old Champagne loses fizz but not flavour"
4859:
4778:[The physics of the bubbles in Champagne].
4747:"How much pressure is there in a champagne bottle?"
4214:
4159:
An Encyclopedia of the Wines and Domaines of France
2119:started offering their Champagne to the winners of
69:
66:
43:A glass of Champagne exhibiting the characteristic
6482:World Encyclopedia of Champagne and Sparkling Wine
6431:
6266:
5270:"Media Room | Le site officiel du Champagne"
5230:. London: Cassell & Company Ltd. p. 186.
4633:
4524:
4164:
4092:
305:, which was invented by Benedictine monks in the
8282:
6258:
5668:
5492:Facts About Champagne and Other Sparkling Wines,
4567:
1447:. Perhaps the first publicly available prestige
6465:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
5635:"Champagne still bubbly after 200 years at sea"
5199:Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité
5063:
5028:
4993:
4958:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4824:
4773:
4496:
4418:
4354:
881:was originally charged by his superiors at the
457:Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité
441:
406:Champagne was created for the British in 1876.
234:that all colonial vines must be uprooted. When
5225:
4470:
7776:
7663:
7377:
6614:
6553:Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne
6438:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
5632:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5414:"Dosage in Champagne â Past, Present, Future"
5364:
4389:
4243:
4201:Christopher Merret Biographical Information.
4161:. Univ of California Press, 2000. pp. 539â40.
2169:("chicken with Champagne") is an essentially
1786:("American taste", between 110 and 165 grams)
1361:Most of the Champagne produced today is "Non-
742:
731:
721:
713:
706:
621:
503:Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne
436:Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne
6460:
6136:
5463:
5296:"First Rosé Champagne? Older Than You Think"
5240:
4944:
4913:
4780:
4606:"Judgment of the Court of 13 December 1994,
4141:"Not all wines with bubbles are Champagne".
4074:
4055:
2112:
2104:Champagne on the podium of the 2007 Tour of
2063:
2048:
2011:
1941:
1931:
1914:
1880:
1806:("Russian taste", between 200 and 300 grams)
1800:
1790:
1780:
1766:
1758:
1743:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1695:
1685:
1674:
1579:
1560:
1545:Vieilles Vignes Françaises in introducing a
1515:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1422:
1402:
1382:
1371:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1295:
1255:
1224:
1216:
1198:
1102:Margaret Cambridge, Marchioness of Cambridge
1037:. A wine merchant selling under his own name
1031:
1017:
1009:
995:
981:
963:
949:
935:
920:
831:
818:
799:
789:
674:
631:
607:
594:
521:
500:
479:
465:Institut National des Appellations d'Origine
463:
454:
433:
384:
376:
363:
339:
212:
6215:
5162:Journal officiel de la République française
5148:
5146:
5069:
5034:
4999:
4964:
4424:
4360:
4105:
1796:("French taste", between 165 and 200 grams)
1640:restaurants, as a complementary element in
297:Contrary to legend and popular assumption,
7783:
7769:
7670:
7656:
7384:
7370:
6621:
6607:
6410:
6264:
6110:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
5984:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
5944:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
5664:
5662:
5601:
5195:"AOC Champagne â Conditions de production"
5177:"Champagne house launches '6 grape' cuvée"
4608:SMW Winzersekt GmbH v Land Rheinland-Pfalz
4554:
4552:
4395:
4170:
2530:cooperative with â34 affiliated producers
1602:produced by one of two methods. Using the
1187:Wine districts, grape varieties and styles
637:. An Italian sparkling wine made from the
337:, in which he detailed what is now called
6498:
6479:
6211:
6209:
6090:
6080:
6045:
6035:
5895:
5885:
5840:
5628:
5626:
5466:"Champagne Decoded: The Degrees of Sweet"
5400:"Dosage â Union des Maisons de Champagne"
6584:
6361:Rascouet, Angelina (17 September 2023).
6360:
6323:
5763:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 138â140.
5564:
5512:
5168:
5143:
5126:"Champagne travel guide for wine lovers"
4527:"Australia corks its use of 'champagne'"
4459:
4306:
2099:
1978:
1970:
1823:
1632:as a beverage of choice in the titular "
1568:
1523:
1352:
1318:. These are east-facing vineyards, with
1045:
892:
854:
824:(or "riddling" in English), so that the
760:
486:
423:
202:
129:
38:
7562:Clarification and stabilization of wine
6569:Union of Champagne Houses official site
6519:
6387:
6385:
6342:"The World's Most Expensive Champagnes"
6139:Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
5799:
5772:
5761:Shopping: Material Culture Perspectives
5731:
5659:
4866:D. & P. Kladstrup (November 2005).
4831:D. & P. Kladstrup (November 2005).
4671:
4549:
2019:'s shape was modelled on the breast of
529:; the protection was reaffirmed in the
14:
8283:
6277:: Clarkson Potter Publishing. p.
6206:
5623:
5293:
4525:Christopher Werth (1 September 2010).
4295:
4275:"What's the story with ... Champagne?"
1691:(less than 6 grams of sugar per litre)
901:
813:similar to that used on beer bottles.
262:, and champagne was served as part of
7764:
7651:
7365:
6602:
6583:
5669:Louise Nordstrom (17 November 2010).
5219:
5174:
4776:"La physique des bulles de champagne"
4272:
4266:
4046:Classification of Champagne vineyards
2095:
1573:A Grand Cru blanc de blancs Champagne
1348:
1192:Wine-producing districts of Champagne
1098:Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
413:
278:. At the far extremes of sustainable
90:
6382:
5243:"Uncorking the secrets of Champagne"
4744:
2815:Amour de Deutz, Cuvée William Deutz
2074:
7790:
6564:Champagne Bureau U.S. official site
6429:
5457:
5106:"Party celebrates 2012 Olympic win"
4338:. Cuvées Classiques. Archived from
2484:Groupe G. H. Martel & Co.
123:of the wine in the bottle to cause
24:
6463:Uncorked: The Science of Champagne
6403:
6151:10.1016/B978-0-12-374468-5.00001-5
5843:"How to Hold a Glass of Champagne"
5633:Enjoli Liston (18 November 2010).
5611:Adam Lechmere (17 November 2010).
5367:"Love Affair (1939) â Love Affair"
5213:"AOC Champagne: DĂ©finition et loi"
4217:Uncorked: The Science of Champagne
1966:
1558:
741:banned the use of the designation
705:, all sparkling wines were called
333:. Merret presented a paper at the
162:(called Fromenteau in Champagne),
25:
8322:
6646:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
6540:
5800:Boehmer, Alan (14 October 2009).
5779:. Random House Publishing Group.
5732:Feltman, Rachel (21 April 2015).
5589:"World's oldest champagne opened"
5565:de Billy, Hubert (25 July 2017).
5464:Eric Pfanner (21 December 2012).
5365:Andrea Foshee (21 January 2003).
5241:Eric Pfanner (10 December 2011).
5228:Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits
5160:of 'Champagne'] (in French).
4760:from the original on 4 June 2021.
4653:"Swiss town fights champagne ban"
2416:Groupe Boizel Chanoine Champagne
2005:Champagne is usually served in a
1589:
1513:
1368:
1160:, one champagne house released a
8268:
8256:
7625:
7333:
6238:"How to pour champagne properly"
5513:Matthews, Ed (10 January 2010).
5294:Napjus, Alison (10 March 2014).
5175:Rosen, Maggie (8 January 2004).
4502:
4015:
3987:
3963:
3939:
3915:
3891:
3867:
3843:
3819:
3795:
3771:
2160:
1106:John Lambton, 3rd Earl of Durham
56:
7677:
6354:
6334:
6317:
6295:
6230:
5926:
5920:"How to Open Champagne Bottles"
5912:
5853:
5834:
5828:"Storing and serving Champagne"
5820:
5793:
5773:Lamprey, Zane (16 March 2010).
5766:
5753:
5725:
5711:
5683:
5581:
5558:
5537:
5506:
5485:
5431:
5406:
5392:
5358:
5332:
5306:
5287:
5262:
5205:
5187:
5118:
5098:
4918:The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia
4764:
4738:
4724:
4698:
4665:
4645:
4627:
4598:
4518:
4453:
4328:
4177:. Simon and Schuster. pp.
3043:Clos du Mesnil, Clos d'Ambonnay
2394:with â240 affiliated producers
1741:The most common style today is
1201:appellation d'origine contrÎlée
792:appellation d'origine contrÎlée
524:appellation d'origine contrÎlée
358:referred to "brisk champagne".
258:were traditionally anointed in
107:originated and produced in the
7391:
6216:Greg Keller (12 August 2010).
5841:Millesima USA, Millesima USA.
5158:Appellation d'Origine ContÎlée
4289:
4237:
4208:
4195:
4151:
4134:
2646:Grande Cuvée Charles VII
2462:Groupe Binet, Prin et Collery
2272:Henkell & Co. Sektkellerei
13:
1:
7588:Glossary of viticulture terms
6461:Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard (2004).
4672:Pomranz, Mike (6 July 2021).
4577:. Champagne.us. 31 March 2021
4398:The Champagne Guide 2014â2015
4085:
2082:On the Losses of Dissolved CO
750:
7593:Glossary of winemaking terms
6576:, official website of France
6411:Eichelmann, Gerhard (2017).
5806:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5314:"How Rosé Champagne is Made"
5248:International Herald Tribune
4246:Sotheby's Wine Encyclopaedia
4215:GĂ©rard Liger-Belair (2004).
4109:The Oxford Companion to Wine
3676:
2946:Heidsieck & Co. Monopole
2789:Blanc de Noir â Le Champion
2508:par CP RĂ©coltant-manipulant
2189:
1647:
1302:, including the villages of
1056:Champagne in popular culture
1041:
7:
6484:. Wine Appreciation Guild.
4316:. Champagne J Dumangin fils
4008:
2548:Vieilles Vignes Françaises
1443:Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill
1116:of France hadâparticularly
951:Coopérative de manipulation
859:Bubbles from rosé Champagne
732:
722:
714:
10:
8327:
7513:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
6499:Sutcliffe, Serena (1988).
4914:T. Stevenson, ed. (2005).
4732:"Yeast taste in Champagne"
4221:Princeton University Press
4174:Vintage: The Story of Wine
3620:Boizel Chanoine Champagne
3316:Boizel Chanoine Champagne
3260:N. P. U. (Nec Plus Ultra)
3092:Boizel Chanoine Champagne
2896:Boizel Chanoine Champagne
2787:Blanc de Blanc â CĂ©lĂ©britĂ©
2745:Boizel Chanoine Champagne
2584:Boizel Chanoine Champagne
2193:
1998:
1994:
1879:In 2009, a bottle of 1825
1817:
1813:
1593:
1480:(first vintage 1952), and
1168:that hit parts of France.
1068:to mark the centennial of
1053:
911:
905:
848:
844:
754:
417:
196:
192:
32:Champagne (disambiguation)
29:
8198:
8177:
8151:
7960:
7849:
7798:
7685:
7621:
7603:History of the wine press
7570:
7554:
7526:
7493:Sparkling wine production
7478:
7460:
7427:
7399:
7327:
7266:
7228:
7123:
7100:
6983:
6870:
6858:
6751:
6679:
6636:
6596:
6243:The Sydney Morning Herald
6082:10.3390/molecules26154434
4106:J. Robinson, ed. (2006).
4051:Club Trésors de Champagne
3744:Top ten external markets
3670:Vranken-Pommery Monopole
3589:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3513:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3364:Vranken-Pommery Monopole
3108:Vieille Vigne de Cramant
3068:Vranken-Pommery Monopole
3035:
3024:
3021:
3016:
2553:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2088:, by scientists from the
2049:Opening Champagne bottles
1727:(between 32 and 50 grams)
1717:(between 17 and 32 grams)
1707:(between 12 and 17 grams)
757:Sparkling wine production
743:
707:
587:Napa Declaration on Place
7598:Wine tasting descriptors
7319:Wine tasting descriptors
7248:Phenolic content in wine
7140:Alternative wine closure
6724:Great French Wine Blight
6628:
6520:Walters, Robert (2016).
6430:Guy, Kolleen M. (2003).
6413:Champagne â Edition 2017
6330:(in French). p. 73.
6324:Arbellot, Simon (1963).
6303:"Bahrain bans champagne"
6178:Chemical Society Reviews
5340:"That Intoxicating Pink"
4774:G. Liger-Belair (2002).
4144:Kentucky Courier-Journal
4066:List of Champagne houses
3626:Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin
3132:Grand SiÚcle "La Cuvée"
3006:Cuvée des Enchanteleurs
2965:Vranken-Pommery Monopole
2196:list of Champagne houses
2180:
2125:1967 24 Hours of Le Mans
2086:during Champagne serving
1872:, often associated with
908:List of Champagne houses
784:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
629:, and South Africa uses
317:scientist and physician
47:associated with the wine
7488:Malolactic fermentation
6480:Stevenson, Tom (2003).
6393:"Champagne at a glance"
5569:. Berry Bros & Rudd
5226:Alexis Lichine (1967).
5073:A Short History of Wine
5038:A Short History of Wine
5003:A Short History of Wine
4968:A Short History of Wine
4463:The Wall Street Journal
4428:A Short History of Wine
4364:A Short History of Wine
4296:Butler, Samuel (1709).
4114:Oxford University Press
3664:vintage dependent names
3662:Demoiselle followed by
3508:Cuvée de la SommeliÚre
1490:Grand SiÚcle 'La Cuvée'
1136:, and the opera singer
1062:Franco-Russian Alliance
724:Sovetskoye Shampanskoye
583:Walla Walla, Washington
420:Champagne (wine region)
348:i.e. Traditional method
115:under the rules of the
7983:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6574:The wines of Champagne
5887:10.1126/sciadv.aav5528
4806:10.1051/anphys:2002004
4781:
4244:Tom Stevenson (2005).
4075:
4058:Coteaux Champenois AOC
4056:
3614:Grand Vin des Princes
3074:Lanson PĂšre & Fils
3030:Name defined annually
2982:Blanc des Millénaires
2618:La-Neuville-aux-Larris
2374:Beaumont des CrayĂšres
2113:
2108:
2064:
2012:
1984:
1976:
1942:
1932:
1915:
1890:Guinness World Records
1881:
1849:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1767:
1759:
1744:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1696:
1686:
1675:
1580:
1574:
1561:
1529:
1516:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1423:
1403:
1383:
1372:
1358:
1337:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1296:
1256:
1225:
1217:
1199:
1196:Champagne is a single
1128:, the wife of the 9th
1051:
1033:NĂ©gociant distributeur
1032:
1018:
1010:
996:
982:
964:
950:
936:
921:
898:
860:
832:
819:
800:
790:
766:
733:Rossiyskoe Shampanskoe
695:Champagne, Switzerland
675:
632:
622:
619:, Italy designates it
609:méthode traditionnelle
608:
595:
556:may continue to use it
522:
501:
492:
464:
455:
434:
429:
385:
377:
364:
342:méthode traditionnelle
340:
307:Abbey of Saint-Hilaire
219:
213:
170:are vinified as well.
139:
121:secondary fermentation
48:
7289:Wine and food pairing
6415:. Heidelberg: Mondo.
5377:on 29 November 2020.
5371:Turner Classic Movies
2399:Besserat de Bellefon
2103:
1982:
1974:
1874:Sir Winston Churchill
1827:
1818:Further information:
1642:food and wine pairing
1572:
1527:
1357:Champagne appellation
1356:
1179:. It is also used to
1090:Leopold II of Belgium
1049:
997:Récoltant coopérateur
983:Société de récoltants
896:
858:
764:
490:
442:varieties are allowed
427:
290:. The wines would be
214:Le DĂ©jeuner d'HuĂźtres
208:Jean François de Troy
206:
133:
109:Champagne wine region
42:
27:French sparkling wine
7725:Languedoc-Roussillon
6940:Muscat of Alexandria
6505:. Mitchell Beazley.
6037:10.3390/foods9080972
5070:R. Phillips (2000).
5035:R. Phillips (2000).
5000:R. Phillips (2000).
4965:R. Phillips (2000).
4425:R. Phillips (2000).
4361:R. Phillips (2000).
4273:McQuillan, Rebecca.
3689:Champagne shipments
3562:Comtes de Champagne
2890:Grande RĂ©serve Brut
2705:Charles de Cazanove
2490:Claude-&-Belmont
2175:huĂźtres au champagne
2121:Formula 1 Grand Prix
2023:, chief-mistress of
1701:(less than 12 grams)
1177:2012 Summer Olympics
965:RĂ©coltant manipulant
937:NĂ©gociant manipulant
531:Treaty of Versailles
303:Blanquette de Limoux
199:History of Champagne
8296:Champagne wine AOCs
7518:Yeast in winemaking
7470:Carbonic maceration
6395:. Comité Champagne.
6265:G. Harding (2005).
5990:(47): 11777â11786.
5878:2019SciA....5.5528L
5739:The Washington Post
5676:The Washington Post
5130:www.winetourism.com
4798:2002AnPh...27d...1L
4783:Annales de Physique
4686:on 4 September 2021
4612:méthode champenoise
4396:T. Stelzer (2013).
4171:H. Johnson (1989).
4147:. 13 December 2011.
4081:in the 19th century
4036:Champagne breakfast
3745:
3690:
3450:oldest still active
3232:BergĂšres-les-Vertus
3097:Larmandier-Bernier
2868:Femme de Champagne
2167:poulet au champagne
2090:University of Reims
2021:Madame de Pompadour
1476:Comtes de Champagne
902:Champagne producers
771:méthode champenoise
596:méthode champenoise
386:méthode champenoise
7508:Traditional method
7309:Wine personalities
7013:Cabernet Sauvignon
5471:The New York Times
5344:Laphamâs Quarterly
5114:. 31 October 2005.
4924:Dorling Kindersley
4812:on 1 December 2008
4745:Matthews, Robert.
4482:France 3 Grand Est
4402:Hardie Grant Books
4342:on 13 October 2012
4250:Dorling Kindersley
4223:. pp. 12â13.
4112:(Third ed.).
4073:, sales agent for
3743:
3688:
3667:vintage dependent
3527:Chartogne Taillet
3482:Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
3432:Winston Churchill
3378:Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
3170:Moët & Chandon
3062:Orgueil de France
3046:vintage dependent
2971:Charles Heidsieck
2513:Henri Blin et Cie
2467:ChĂąteau de Bligny
2348:Beaumet/Jeanmaire
2115:Moët & Chandon
2109:
2096:Spraying Champagne
2025:Louis XV of France
2001:Champagne stemware
1985:
1977:
1850:
1575:
1530:
1410:Moët & Chandon
1359:
1349:Types of Champagne
1314:Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
1283:Vallée de la Marne
1162:champagne antijuif
1132:, the wife of the
1094:George I of Greece
1052:
899:
861:
769:Formerly known as
767:
493:
430:
414:Rights to the name
402:. The designation
319:Christopher Merret
220:
140:
49:
8244:
8243:
7758:
7757:
7750:South West France
7645:
7644:
7639:
7638:
7409:Late harvest wine
7359:
7358:
7096:
7095:
6993:Alicante Bouschet
6741:Judgment of Paris
6327:Tel plat, tel vin
6269:A Wine Miscellany
6184:(11): 2490â2911.
6122:10.1021/jf803278b
5996:10.1021/jf303574m
5956:10.1021/jf101239w
5950:(15): 8768â8775.
5813:978-0-7627-5838-8
5786:978-0-345-52201-6
5320:. 8 February 2019
4752:BBC Science Focus
4710:The Peak Magazine
4537:on 6 October 2014
4230:978-0-691-11919-9
4006:
4005:
3757:(million bottles)
3741:
3740:
3674:
3673:
3313:vintage dependent
3310:Clos des Goisses
3065:vintage dependent
2940:Renaud Cointreau
2871:vintage dependent
2742:vintage dependent
2693:Armand de Brignac
2589:Ferdinand Bonnet
2502:Cuvée année 2008
2478:Cuvée année 2000
2452:Rilly-la-Montagne
2410:Cuvée des Moines
2215:Cuvée de prestige
2135:-majority nation
2075:Pouring Champagne
1776:vintage Champagne
1430:Armand de Brignac
1384:cuvée de prestige
1279:Montagne de Reims
1149:French Revolution
1070:French Revolution
1066:Tennis Court Oath
1064:of 1893, and the
1019:Marque d'acheteur
1011:Marque auxiliaire
969:. (Also known as
807:vintage champagne
775:méthode classique
513:legally protected
210:'s 1735 painting
134:Vineyards in the
16:(Redirected from
8318:
8291:Champagne (wine)
8273:
8272:
8271:
8261:
8260:
8252:
7785:
7778:
7771:
7762:
7761:
7672:
7665:
7658:
7649:
7648:
7630:
7629:
7386:
7379:
7372:
7363:
7362:
7338:
7337:
7253:Proteins in wine
6920:GrĂŒner Veltliner
6868:
6867:
6623:
6616:
6609:
6600:
6599:
6581:
6580:
6535:
6516:
6495:
6476:
6457:
6437:
6426:
6397:
6396:
6389:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6272:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6246:. 13 August 2010
6234:
6228:
6227:
6223:The Boston Globe
6213:
6204:
6201:
6190:10.1039/b717798b
6172:
6133:
6116:(5): 1997â2003.
6104:
6094:
6084:
6059:
6049:
6039:
6014:
6012:
6010:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5941:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5922:. 18 March 2021.
5916:
5910:
5909:
5899:
5889:
5866:Science Advances
5857:
5851:
5850:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5797:
5791:
5790:
5770:
5764:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5721:. 21 April 2015.
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5666:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5643:. Archived from
5630:
5621:
5620:
5608:
5599:
5598:
5597:. 20 March 2009.
5585:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5567:"Liquid history"
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5521:. Archived from
5515:"Goût Américain"
5510:
5504:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5373:. Archived from
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5274:www.champagne.fr
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5150:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5032:
5026:
5025:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4942:
4941:
4922:(4th ed.).
4921:
4911:
4892:
4891:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4808:. Archived from
4786:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4682:. Archived from
4669:
4663:
4662:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4571:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4533:. Archived from
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4285:on 10 June 2014.
4281:. Archived from
4270:
4264:
4263:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4212:
4206:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4168:
4162:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4103:
4080:
4061:
4031:Autolysis (wine)
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3746:
3742:
3691:
3687:
3683:Comité Champagne
3492:Laurent-Perrier
3236:Cuvée Rhapsodie
3210:Mumm de Cramant
3138:Laurent-Perrier
3051:Charles Lafitte
2783:Celles-sur-Ource
2776:Cheurlin Thomas
2763:Rosé de Saignée
2757:Celles-sur-Ource
2727:Chanoine FrĂšres
2722:Groupe Rapeneau
2686:Chigny-les-Roses
2674:Laurent-Perrier
2622:Vieilles Vignes
2611:Raymond Boulard
2578:Joyau de France
2524:Cuvée Jahr 2000
2456:Cuvée Sélection
2422:Billecart-Salmon
2237:Sourire de Reims
2203:
2202:
2118:
2069:
2029:Marie Antoinette
2017:
1945:
1935:
1920:
1886:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1770:
1762:
1747:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1699:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1634:Hotel California
1583:
1564:
1519:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1426:
1406:
1386:
1375:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1301:
1261:
1258:Pinot de Juillet
1228:
1220:
1204:
1153:Marie Antoinette
1134:Baron Tollemache
1130:Earl of Stamford
1035:
1021:
1013:
999:
985:
971:Grower Champagne
967:
953:
939:
924:
914:Grower Champagne
835:
822:
803:
795:
746:
745:
735:
727:
717:
710:
709:
680:
635:
627:
611:
602:Champagne method
598:
527:
506:
480:Use of the word
467:
460:
439:
388:
380:
367:
365:le vin du diable
345:
325:set foot in the
232:Emperor Domitian
216:
136:Champagne region
102:
101:
100:
94:
92:[ÊÉÌpaÉČ]
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
21:
8326:
8325:
8321:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8316:
8315:
8311:Sparkling wines
8281:
8280:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8255:
8247:
8245:
8240:
8194:
8173:
8147:
8073:North Macedonia
7956:
7845:
7794:
7792:Wine by country
7789:
7759:
7754:
7681:
7676:
7646:
7641:
7640:
7635:
7632:Wine portal
7624:
7617:
7608:History of wine
7566:
7550:
7522:
7474:
7456:
7437:Deacidification
7423:
7395:
7390:
7360:
7355:
7340:Wine portal
7332:
7323:
7262:
7224:
7129:
7119:
7092:
6979:
6960:Sauvignon blanc
6895:Cayetana blanca
6863:
6861:grape varieties
6854:
6747:
6675:
6632:
6627:
6592:
6556:official site (
6543:
6538:
6532:
6513:
6492:
6473:
6446:
6423:
6406:
6404:Further reading
6401:
6400:
6391:
6390:
6383:
6373:
6371:
6359:
6355:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6322:
6318:
6308:
6306:
6305:. 31 March 2004
6301:
6300:
6296:
6289:
6263:
6259:
6249:
6247:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6214:
6207:
6161:
6008:
6006:
5968:
5966:
5939:
5931:
5927:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5872:(9): eaav5528.
5858:
5854:
5839:
5835:
5830:. Cellarer.com.
5826:
5825:
5821:
5814:
5798:
5794:
5787:
5771:
5767:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5730:
5726:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5699:. 7 August 2010
5696:The Independent
5689:
5688:
5684:
5667:
5660:
5650:
5648:
5647:on 21 June 2017
5640:The Independent
5631:
5624:
5609:
5602:
5594:BBC News Online
5587:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5563:
5559:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5495:Henry Vizetelly
5490:
5486:
5476:
5474:
5462:
5458:
5448:
5446:
5445:. 29 March 2018
5437:
5436:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5346:. 20 March 2013
5338:
5337:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5318:Wine Enthusiast
5312:
5311:
5307:
5292:
5288:
5278:
5276:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5239:
5235:
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5220:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5173:
5169:
5152:
5151:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5111:BBC News Online
5104:
5103:
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5092:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5033:
5029:
5022:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4945:
4938:
4912:
4895:
4888:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4743:
4739:
4734:. Cellarer.com.
4730:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4679:Food & Wine
4670:
4666:
4661:. 5 April 2008.
4658:BBC News Online
4651:
4650:
4646:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4604:
4603:
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4454:
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4394:
4390:
4383:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4294:
4290:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4252:. p. 237.
4242:
4238:
4231:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4169:
4165:
4157:Coates, Clive.
4156:
4152:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4104:
4093:
4088:
4041:Champagne Riots
4021:
4016:
4014:
4011:
3988:
3986:
3964:
3962:
3940:
3938:
3916:
3914:
3892:
3890:
3868:
3866:
3844:
3842:
3820:
3818:
3796:
3794:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3756:
3703:
3698:
3679:
3663:
3638:La Grande Dame
3595:Cuvée Stanislas
3451:
3449:
3322:Piper-Heidsieck
3128:Tours-sur-Marne
3120:Laurent-Perrier
2841:Grande Sendrée
2788:
2762:
2739:
2691:
2690:Clos du Moulin/
2368:Laurent-Perrier
2360:
2359:Cuvée Malakoff/
2337:
2325:Bauget-Jouette
2254:Alfred Gratien
2238:
2198:
2192:
2183:
2163:
2150:drink instead.
2123:events. At the
2098:
2085:
2077:
2051:
2007:Champagne flute
2003:
1997:
1969:
1967:Champagne corks
1822:
1816:
1666:
1662:
1650:
1622:Hollywood film
1599:
1592:
1567:
1562:Blanc de blancs
1522:
1498:La Belle Ăpoque
1483:Laurent-Perrier
1398:Laurent-Perrier
1378:
1351:
1326:similar to the
1298:CĂŽte des Blancs
1218:blanc de blancs
1194:
1189:
1086:Laurent-Perrier
1058:
1044:
916:
910:
904:
853:
847:
759:
753:
693:The village of
641:grape uses the
592:Even the terms
485:
422:
416:
201:
195:
96:
95:
87:
59:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Blanc de blancs
15:
12:
11:
5:
8324:
8314:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8278:
8277:
8265:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
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8175:
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8171:
8166:
8161:
8155:
8153:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8143:United Kingdom
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8003:Czech Republic
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7802:
7800:
7796:
7795:
7788:
7787:
7780:
7773:
7765:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7752:
7747:
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7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7675:
7674:
7667:
7660:
7652:
7643:
7642:
7637:
7636:
7622:
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7618:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7574:
7572:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7532:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7498:Sugars in wine
7495:
7490:
7484:
7482:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7466:
7464:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7447:Chaptalization
7444:
7439:
7433:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7403:
7397:
7396:
7389:
7388:
7381:
7374:
7366:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7274:Classification
7270:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7258:Sugars in wine
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7230:Wine chemistry
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7205:Wine dispenser
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7136:
7134:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7106:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7094:
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7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7008:Cabernet Franc
7005:
7000:
6995:
6989:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6975:Welschriesling
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6930:MĂŒller-Thurgau
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6876:
6874:
6865:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6755:
6753:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6697:Ancient Greece
6694:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6642:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6626:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6603:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6578:
6577:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6549:
6542:
6541:External links
6539:
6537:
6536:
6530:
6517:
6511:
6496:
6490:
6477:
6471:
6458:
6444:
6427:
6421:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6381:
6368:Bloomberg News
6353:
6333:
6316:
6294:
6287:
6257:
6229:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6173:
6159:
6134:
6105:
6060:
6015:
5975:
5925:
5911:
5852:
5833:
5819:
5812:
5792:
5785:
5765:
5752:
5724:
5710:
5682:
5658:
5622:
5600:
5580:
5557:
5536:
5525:on 2 July 2017
5505:
5484:
5456:
5430:
5405:
5391:
5357:
5331:
5305:
5300:Wine Spectator
5286:
5261:
5233:
5218:
5204:
5186:
5167:
5142:
5117:
5097:
5090:
5062:
5055:
5027:
5020:
4992:
4985:
4957:
4943:
4936:
4893:
4886:
4858:
4851:
4823:
4763:
4737:
4723:
4712:. 11 July 2021
4697:
4664:
4644:
4626:
4597:
4588:
4566:
4559:26 U.S.C.
4548:
4517:
4495:
4469:
4452:
4445:
4417:
4410:
4404:. p. 34.
4388:
4381:
4353:
4327:
4305:
4288:
4265:
4258:
4236:
4229:
4207:
4194:
4187:
4163:
4150:
4133:
4126:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4077:Veuve Clicquot
4068:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3984:
3980:
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3811:
3808:
3805:
3803:United Kingdom
3792:
3788:
3787:
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3768:
3764:
3763:
3762:(million EUR)
3758:
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3592:
3591:
3590:Alain Thiénot
3588:
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3552:
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3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:Brut Millésimé
3516:
3515:
3514:Alain Thiénot
3512:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
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3493:
3490:
3487:
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3412:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3396:
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3383:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3370:Robert Moncuit
3366:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3324:
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3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:Mareuil-sur-Ay
3303:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3248:Bruno Paillard
3244:
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2913:
2912:Cuvée Lady C.
2910:
2905:
2902:
2898:
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2876:
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2872:
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2805:
2799:
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2764:
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2709:
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2701:
2698:
2695:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2657:De Castellane
2654:
2653:
2652:Alain Thiénot
2650:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2634:Canard-DuchĂȘne
2630:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2556:
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2546:
2541:
2538:
2532:
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2522:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2492:
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2479:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:Mareuil-sur-Ay
2427:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2336:Cuvée Jouette/
2334:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:Les Aventures
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2265:Cuvée Paradis
2263:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2194:Main article:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2162:
2159:
2097:
2094:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2050:
2047:
2033:sparkling wine
1996:
1993:
1968:
1965:
1948:Richard Juhlin
1943:Veuve Clicquot
1917:Veuve Clicquot
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1782:Goût américain
1777:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1692:
1672:Wines labeled
1664:
1649:
1646:
1591:
1590:Rosé Champagne
1588:
1566:
1557:
1543:prestige cuvée
1535:Blanc de noirs
1521:
1517:Blanc de noirs
1512:
1390:Louis Roederer
1377:
1367:
1350:
1347:
1334:. The various
1330:CĂŽte de Beaune
1237:, Chardonnay,
1226:blanc de noirs
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1158:Dreyfus affair
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1024:
1002:
988:
974:
956:
942:
906:Main article:
903:
900:
846:
843:
839:carbon dioxide
755:Main article:
752:
749:
660:. In Germany,
654:grape the DOC
484:
478:
461:(formerly the
418:Main article:
415:
412:
378:méthode rurale
292:lighter bodied
236:Emperor Probus
197:Main article:
194:
191:
105:sparkling wine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8323:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8276:
8266:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8253:
8250:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8201:
8199:South America
8197:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8170:
8169:United States
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8152:North America
8150:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
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8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
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8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8048:Liechtenstein
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
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8011:
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8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
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7991:
7989:
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7953:
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7925:
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7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7797:
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7751:
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7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
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7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7661:
7659:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7620:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
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7569:
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7534:
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7531:
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7525:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7459:
7453:
7450:
7448:
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7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7406:
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7402:
7398:
7394:
7387:
7382:
7380:
7375:
7373:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7352:
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7336:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7320:
7317:
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7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7243:Acids in wine
7241:
7239:
7238:Aroma of wine
7236:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
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7141:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7102:Major regions
7099:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:Montepulciano
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
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6999:
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6990:
6988:
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6888:
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6881:
6878:
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6857:
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6809:
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6789:
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6708:
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6703:
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6678:
6672:
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6662:
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6641:
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6635:
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6624:
6619:
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6612:
6610:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6575:
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6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6533:
6531:9780646960760
6527:
6523:
6518:
6514:
6512:0-671-66672-X
6508:
6504:
6503:
6497:
6493:
6491:1-891267-61-2
6487:
6483:
6478:
6474:
6472:0-691-11919-8
6468:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6445:9780801887475
6441:
6436:
6435:
6428:
6424:
6422:9783938839287
6418:
6414:
6409:
6408:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6357:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6329:
6328:
6320:
6304:
6298:
6290:
6288:0-307-34635-8
6284:
6280:
6276:
6275:New York City
6271:
6270:
6261:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6212:
6210:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6160:9780123744685
6156:
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6131:
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6119:
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6111:
6106:
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6098:
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6070:
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6048:
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6033:
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6025:
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6016:
6005:
6001:
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5993:
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5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5938:
5933:
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5921:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5848:
5847:Millesima USA
5844:
5837:
5829:
5823:
5815:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5796:
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5782:
5778:
5777:
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5735:
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5607:
5605:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5568:
5561:
5546:
5540:
5524:
5520:
5519:One Blog West
5516:
5509:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5488:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5460:
5444:
5443:BESTCHAMPAGNE
5440:
5434:
5419:
5418:BESTCHAMPAGNE
5415:
5409:
5401:
5395:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5381:Charles Boyer
5376:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5301:
5297:
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5275:
5271:
5265:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5237:
5229:
5222:
5214:
5208:
5200:
5197:(in French).
5196:
5190:
5182:
5178:
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5163:
5159:
5155:
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5127:
5121:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5093:
5091:0-06-621282-0
5087:
5083:
5079:
5078:HarperCollins
5075:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5056:0-06-621282-0
5052:
5048:
5044:
5043:HarperCollins
5040:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5021:0-06-621282-0
5017:
5013:
5009:
5008:HarperCollins
5005:
5004:
4996:
4988:
4986:0-06-621282-0
4982:
4978:
4974:
4973:HarperCollins
4970:
4969:
4961:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4939:
4937:0-7513-3740-4
4933:
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4906:
4904:
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4900:
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4889:
4887:0-06-073792-1
4883:
4879:
4875:
4874:HarperCollins
4871:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4852:0-06-073792-1
4848:
4844:
4840:
4839:HarperCollins
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4506:
4499:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4466:. p. B1.
4465:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4446:0-06-621282-0
4442:
4438:
4434:
4433:HarperCollins
4430:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4411:9781742705415
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4382:0-06-621282-0
4378:
4374:
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4369:HarperCollins
4366:
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4261:
4259:0-7513-3740-4
4255:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4203:Royal Society
4198:
4190:
4188:0-671-68702-6
4184:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4167:
4160:
4154:
4146:
4145:
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4129:
4127:0-19-860990-6
4123:
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3933:
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3900:
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3886:
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3881:
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3865:
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3857:
3854:
3852:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:United States
3769:
3766:
3765:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:325.5 million
3711:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3584:Grande Cuvée
3583:
3581:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3497:Marie Stuart
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Louis RĆderer
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:Cuvée Louise
3357:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:Pernod-Ricard
3289:
3286:
3284:Belle Ăpoque
3283:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Perrier-Jouët
3270:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:Family-owned
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:Pernod-Ricard
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3114:family owned
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:Diamant Bleu
2957:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2847:family owned
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:Louis RĆderer
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2761:Brut Spéciale
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2738:gamme Tsarine
2737:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:Stradivarius
2715:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Bligny (Aube)
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2434:Grande Cuvée
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:Cuvée Elysée
2358:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:Family owned
2342:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:Grande Cuvée
2311:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2296:Family owned
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2209:Founding Year
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:Culinary uses
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:, or perhaps
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1992:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1933:Perrier-Jouët
1929:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1907:
1906:Ă
land Islands
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1883:Perrier-Jouët
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:(12 litres),
1835:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Goût français
1788:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:dessert wines
1748:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1294:, called the
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:Petit Meslier
1236:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:Adelina Patti
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
992:
989:
986:
984:
978:
975:
972:
968:
966:
960:
957:
954:
952:
946:
943:
940:
938:
932:
929:
928:
927:
925:
923:
915:
909:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
874:
873:Royal Society
870:
866:
857:
852:
842:
841:in solution.
840:
836:
834:
827:
823:
821:
814:
812:
808:
804:
802:
796:
794:
793:
786:
785:
780:
776:
772:
763:
758:
748:
740:
736:
734:
728:
726:
725:
718:
716:
704:
699:
696:
691:
689:
683:
681:
679:
678:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
650:and from the
649:
648:
644:
640:
636:
634:
633:cap classique
628:
626:
625:
618:
617:
612:
610:
603:
599:
597:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:Sonoma Valley
568:
563:
561:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
526:
525:
518:
517:Madrid system
514:
510:
505:
504:
498:
489:
483:
477:
475:
472:In 2007, the
470:
468:
466:
459:
458:
451:
447:
443:
438:
437:
426:
421:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
396:Perrier-Jouët
392:
389:
387:
381:
379:
372:
368:
366:
359:
357:
356:Samuel Butler
353:
349:
346:
344:
343:
336:
335:Royal Society
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
215:
209:
205:
200:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
168:Petit Meslier
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:Pinot meunier
145:
137:
132:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
99:
93:
83:
53:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7831:South Africa
7730:Loire Valley
7709:
7623:
7480:Fermentation
7331:
7314:Wine tasting
6935:Muscat blanc
6905:Chenin blanc
6702:Ancient Rome
6552:
6521:
6501:
6481:
6462:
6433:
6412:
6374:18 September
6372:. Retrieved
6366:
6356:
6345:
6336:
6326:
6319:
6307:. Retrieved
6297:
6268:
6260:
6250:29 September
6248:. Retrieved
6241:
6232:
6221:
6181:
6177:
6142:
6138:
6113:
6109:
6075:(15): 4434.
6072:
6068:
6027:
6023:
6007:. Retrieved
5987:
5983:
5967:. Retrieved
5947:
5943:
5928:
5914:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5846:
5836:
5822:
5802:
5795:
5775:
5768:
5760:
5755:
5743:. Retrieved
5737:
5727:
5713:
5701:. Retrieved
5694:
5685:
5674:
5649:. Retrieved
5645:the original
5638:
5617:Decanter.com
5616:
5592:
5583:
5571:. Retrieved
5560:
5548:. Retrieved
5539:
5527:. Retrieved
5523:the original
5518:
5508:
5491:
5487:
5475:. Retrieved
5469:
5459:
5447:. Retrieved
5442:
5433:
5421:. Retrieved
5417:
5408:
5394:
5378:
5375:the original
5370:
5360:
5350:27 September
5348:. Retrieved
5343:
5334:
5324:27 September
5322:. Retrieved
5317:
5308:
5299:
5289:
5277:. Retrieved
5273:
5264:
5252:. Retrieved
5246:
5236:
5227:
5221:
5207:
5189:
5181:Decanter.com
5180:
5170:
5157:
5133:. Retrieved
5129:
5120:
5109:
5100:
5072:
5065:
5037:
5030:
5002:
4995:
4967:
4960:
4917:
4868:
4861:
4833:
4826:
4814:. Retrieved
4810:the original
4792:(4): 1â106.
4789:
4779:
4766:
4750:
4740:
4726:
4714:. Retrieved
4709:
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4677:
4667:
4656:
4647:
4637:BusinessWeek
4635:
4629:
4617:. Retrieved
4611:
4607:
4600:
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
4569:
4539:. Retrieved
4535:the original
4530:
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4503:Sage, Adam.
4498:
4486:. Retrieved
4481:
4472:
4461:
4455:
4427:
4420:
4397:
4391:
4363:
4356:
4344:. Retrieved
4340:the original
4330:
4318:. Retrieved
4308:
4298:
4291:
4283:the original
4278:
4268:
4245:
4239:
4216:
4210:
4197:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4153:
4142:
4136:
4108:
4023:Drink portal
3944:
3715:6.8 Billion
3680:
3544:independent
3460:Dom Ruinart
3438:independent
3414:independent
3388:independent
3298:Philipponnat
3266:independent
3183:Dom PĂ©rignon
3086:Noble Cuvée
3012:independent
2874:independent
2849:Don perion
2848:
2700:independent
2628:independent
2554:independent
2440:independent
2226:Henri Abelé
2199:
2184:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2152:
2110:
2081:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2038:
2010:
2004:
1990:
1986:
1961:
1952:Essi Avellan
1913:
1903:
1888:
1878:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1844:(6 litres),
1840:(9 litres),
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1768:goût anglais
1765:
1760:Goût anglais
1757:
1742:
1740:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1673:
1671:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1623:
1620:
1616:d'assemblage
1615:
1611:
1608:d'assemblage
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:Quavo Huncho
1578:
1576:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1531:
1514:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1473:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1421:
1414:Dom PĂ©rignon
1404:Grand SiĂšcle
1401:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1360:
1335:
1319:
1276:
1272:World War II
1232:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1197:
1195:
1181:launch ships
1170:
1166:Antisemitism
1161:
1146:
1144:of a child.
1114:
1110:middle class
1083:
1079:Belle Ăpoque
1059:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1008:
1004:
994:
990:
980:
976:
962:
958:
948:
944:
934:
930:
919:
917:
879:Dom PĂ©rignon
877:
869:video camera
862:
830:
817:
815:
806:
798:
788:
782:
779:fermentation
774:
770:
768:
730:
720:
712:
703:Soviet Union
700:
692:
687:
684:
673:
655:
645:
630:
620:
614:
606:
601:
593:
591:
564:
559:
520:
508:
496:
494:
481:
471:
462:
431:
408:
403:
393:
383:
375:
362:
360:
338:
323:Dom PĂ©rignon
299:Dom PĂ©rignon
296:
288:sugar levels
256:French kings
221:
211:
187:middle class
172:
141:
51:
50:
36:
8306:French wine
8190:New Zealand
8133:Switzerland
8078:Netherlands
7927:Philippines
7679:French wine
7583:Wine bottle
7555:Other steps
7546:Wine cellar
7503:SĂŒssreserve
7195:Wine cellar
7185:Wine bottle
7126:accessories
7124:Packaging,
7083:Tempranillo
6712:Noah's wine
6692:Phoenicians
6638:Viticulture
6309:31 December
5703:19 December
5550:31 December
5499:pp. 213â214
5385:Irene Dunne
5279:31 December
5254:10 December
4926:. pp.
4876:. pp.
4816:26 November
4771:(in French)
4716:4 September
4690:4 September
4563:§ 5388
4531:Marketplace
4484:(in French)
4336:"Jaquesson"
4116:. pp.
4071:Louis Bohne
3995:Netherlands
3947:Switzerland
3694:Destination
3568:Taittinger
2901:Paul Goerg
2856:Duval-Leroy
2796:Independent
2770:Independent
2392:cooperative
2279:AR Lenoble
2144:pomegranate
2042:flute glass
1820:Wine bottle
1638:fine dining
1625:Love Affair
1553:appellation
1424:Cuvée Femme
1418:Duval-Leroy
1243:Pinot blanc
887:Hautvillers
851:Carbonation
737:. In 2021,
715:shampanskoe
575:Paso Robles
446:viticulture
331:Hautvillers
311:Carcassonne
280:viticulture
226:times. The
183:advertising
156:Pinot blanc
142:The grapes
125:carbonation
117:appellation
8285:Categories
8103:San Marino
8068:Montenegro
8053:Luxembourg
7907:Kazakhstan
7867:Azerbaijan
7695:Beaujolais
7462:Maceration
7452:Wine press
7442:Destemming
7393:Winemaking
7299:Wine fraud
7294:Wine fault
7279:Oenophilia
7215:Wine label
7210:Wine glass
7175:Port tongs
7073:Sangiovese
7068:Pinot noir
7028:Douce noir
6955:Rkatsiteli
6900:Chardonnay
6890:Catarratto
6864:by acreage
6838:Biodynamic
6801:Aromatized
6590:winemaking
6030:(8): 972.
5080:. p.
5045:. p.
5010:. p.
4975:. p.
4841:. p.
4619:23 January
4435:. p.
4371:. p.
4279:The Herald
4086:References
3603:de Venoge
3550:Taittinger
3198:G. H. Mumm
2668:Commodore
2388:dependent
2385:Nostalgie
2148:rose water
2129:Dan Gurney
1999:See also:
1928:Jacquesson
1910:Baltic Sea
1848:(3 litres)
1842:Methuselah
1838:Salmanazar
1802:Goût russe
1772:refers to
1737:(50 grams)
1687:Extra Brut
1581:La Bolorée
1470:Taittinger
1264:Pinot Rosé
1247:Pinot gris
1173:Tony Blair
1074:NĂ©gociants
1054:See also:
912:See also:
865:nucleation
849:See also:
751:Production
744:ŃĐ°ĐŒĐżĐ°ĐœŃĐșĐŸĐ”
708:ŃĐ°ĐŒĐżĐ°ĐœŃĐșĐŸĐ”
268:Burgundian
264:coronation
160:Pinot gris
152:Chardonnay
144:Pinot noir
8206:Argentina
8185:Australia
7922:Palestine
7710:Champagne
7414:Noble rot
7304:Winemaker
7284:Sommelier
7220:Wine rack
7200:Wine cork
7190:Wine cave
7180:Screw cap
7150:Corkscrew
7115:New World
7110:Old World
7088:Zinfandel
7063:MourvĂšdre
6970:Trebbiano
6910:Colombard
6811:Noble rot
6791:Fortified
6769:Sparkling
6736:New World
6454:819135515
6069:Molecules
6009:1 January
5969:1 January
5651:25 August
4869:Champagne
4834:Champagne
4314:"Muselet"
3899:Australia
3677:Shipments
3420:Pol Roger
3156:Vendange
2934:Celebris
2879:Gauthier
2750:Cheurlin
2536:Bollinger
2520:Vincelles
2319:Bollinger
2245:Freixenet
2190:Producers
2127:, winner
2106:Gippsland
1938:Heidsieck
1870:Pol Roger
1834:Balthazar
1705:Extra Dry
1676:Brut Zero
1648:Sweetness
1539:Bollinger
1437:Pol Roger
1433:Gold Brut
1369:Prestige
1042:Marketing
922:vignerons
833:le dosage
811:crown cap
801:millésime
688:Champagne
560:Champagne
535:Australia
509:Champagne
497:Champagne
482:Champagne
469:, INAO).
391:bottles.
252:Eucharist
248:vineyards
138:of France
52:Champagne
8226:Paraguay
8118:Slovenia
8113:Slovakia
8088:Portugal
7988:Bulgaria
7942:Thailand
7857:Abkhazia
7836:Tanzania
7816:Ethiopia
7735:Provence
7705:Burgundy
7700:Bordeaux
7429:Pressing
7351:Glossary
7267:Industry
7160:Jug wine
7155:Decanter
7145:Box wine
7043:Isabella
7038:Grenache
7018:Carignan
6965:SĂ©millon
6950:Riesling
6945:Palomino
6688:Ancient
6671:Vineyard
6666:Veraison
6651:Oenology
6198:18949122
6169:21092901
6145:: 1â55.
6130:19215133
6101:34361583
6056:32717781
6004:23110303
5964:20681665
5906:31555725
5745:22 April
5497:(1879),
5477:10 March
5449:22 March
5423:22 March
4758:Archived
4754:Magazine
4541:16 March
4009:See also
3699:(bottle)
3651:Vranken
3573:Thiénot
3452:producer
2829:Drappier
2679:Cattier
2381:Mardeuil
2221:Company
2212:Location
1895:truffles
1862:Drappier
1846:Jeroboam
1723:Demi-sec
1339:terroirs
1281:and the
1212:pressing
1122:Bordeaux
1118:Burgundy
672:produce
666:Burgundy
657:Prosecco
624:spumante
286:and low
276:red wine
224:medieval
181:through
175:nobility
8249:Portals
8236:Uruguay
8211:Bolivia
8178:Oceania
8138:Ukraine
8093:Romania
8063:Moldova
8038:Ireland
8033:Hungary
8023:Germany
8018:Georgia
8008:Denmark
7993:Croatia
7978:Belgium
7973:Austria
7968:Albania
7952:Vietnam
7912:Lebanon
7862:Armenia
7841:Tunisia
7826:Namibia
7821:Morocco
7806:Algeria
7715:Corsica
7613:Terroir
7571:Related
7419:Vintage
7401:Harvest
7346:Outline
7170:Muselet
7132:storage
7023:Cinsaut
6998:Barbera
6925:Macabeo
6885:Aligoté
6843:Organic
6833:Natural
6786:Dessert
6731:Georgia
6681:History
6661:Terroir
6656:Species
6092:8347939
6047:7466256
5897:6754238
5874:Bibcode
5529:30 June
5201:(INAO).
5135:27 July
4794:Bibcode
4581:4 March
4510:16 June
4488:16 June
4205:website
4179:210â219
4118:150â153
3875:Belgium
3851:Germany
3752:Country
3731:Exports
3658:Ăpernay
3610:Ăpernay
3538:Fiacre
3444:Ruinart
3428:Ăpernay
3407:Cristal
3346:Pommery
3280:Ăpernay
3178:Ăpernay
3152:Ăpernay
3144:Mercier
3058:Ăpernay
2994:Henriot
2954:Ăpernay
2923:Gosset
2886:Ăpernay
2837:Urville
2664:Ăpernay
2574:Ăpernay
2567:Boizel
2406:Ăpernay
2355:Ăpernay
2332:Ăpernay
2261:Ăpernay
2218:Vintage
2171:Marnese
2137:Bahrain
2066:sabrage
1995:Serving
1908:in the
1899:caramel
1814:Bottles
1604:saignée
1394:Cristal
1363:vintage
1322:terroir
1292:Ăpernay
1142:baptism
845:Bubbles
820:remuage
701:In the
677:Crémant
515:by the
371:muselet
315:English
309:, near
284:acidity
272:climate
240:Bacchus
193:Origins
179:royalty
103:) is a
88:French:
45:bubbles
8275:France
8216:Brazil
8164:Mexico
8159:Canada
8128:Sweden
8108:Serbia
8098:Russia
8083:Poland
8028:Greece
8013:France
7998:Cyprus
7961:Europe
7947:Turkey
7937:Taiwan
7902:Jordan
7892:Israel
7872:Bhutan
7799:Africa
7690:Alsace
7578:Winery
7541:Solera
7165:Kvevri
7053:Merlot
7048:Malbec
6848:Kosher
6824:Other
6779:Orange
6752:Styles
6719:France
6528:
6509:
6488:
6469:
6452:
6442:
6419:
6347:Forbes
6285:
6196:
6167:
6157:
6128:
6099:
6089:
6054:
6044:
6002:
5962:
5904:
5894:
5810:
5783:
5573:6 June
5088:
5053:
5018:
4983:
4934:
4930:â178.
4884:
4849:
4639:online
4561:
4443:
4408:
4379:
4346:20 May
4320:20 May
4256:
4227:
4185:
4124:
3992:
3968:
3954:125.6
3930:159.9
3920:
3906:166.9
3896:
3882:200.1
3872:
3858:201.9
3848:
3834:354.5
3824:
3810:503.6
3800:
3786:793.5
3776:
3755:Volume
3720:France
3704:(EUR)
3697:Volume
3224:Naveau
3104:Vertus
2908:Vertus
2864:Vertus
2498:Vertus
2445:Binet
2301:Ayala
2286:Damery
2140:banned
2133:Muslim
1855:Gosset
1830:Magnum
1630:Eagles
1506:cuvées
1459:cuvées
1435:, and
1266:. The
1235:Arbane
1126:Dudley
1104:, and
875:show.
739:Russia
670:Alsace
639:Muscat
581:, and
579:Oregon
547:Canada
543:Brazil
400:London
246:owned
244:church
228:Romans
166:, and
164:Arbane
150:, and
113:France
8221:Chile
8123:Spain
8058:Malta
8043:Italy
7932:Syria
7917:Nepal
7897:Japan
7882:India
7877:China
7811:Egypt
7745:Savoy
7740:RhĂŽne
7528:Aging
7078:Syrah
7033:Gamay
7003:Bobal
6915:Glera
6880:Airén
6872:White
6828:Table
6816:Straw
6806:Fruit
6764:White
6707:China
6586:Wines
6024:Foods
5940:(PDF)
4878:46â47
4002:79.7
3978:94.0
3971:Spain
3923:Italy
3827:Japan
3760:Value
3734:57.5%
3723:42.5%
3709:Total
3702:Value
3634:Reims
3580:Reims
3558:Reims
3534:Reims
3504:Reims
3474:Salon
3456:Reims
3402:Reims
3354:Reims
3334:Rare
3330:Reims
3256:Reims
3206:Reims
3082:Reims
3026:Reims
3002:Reims
2978:Reims
2803:Deutz
2734:Reims
2712:Reims
2642:Ludes
2248:Spain
2233:Reims
2206:House
2181:Price
2155:shoey
2059:sabre
2014:coupe
1924:Reims
1612:cuvée
1548:cuvée
1451:cuvée
1373:cuvée
1304:Avize
1287:Marne
1268:Gamay
883:Abbey
652:Glera
551:China
539:Chile
352:glass
327:Abbey
260:Reims
8263:Wine
8231:Peru
7887:Iran
7850:Asia
7720:Jura
7130:and
6859:Top
6774:Rosé
6630:Wine
6588:and
6558:CIVC
6526:ISBN
6507:ISBN
6486:ISBN
6467:ISBN
6450:OCLC
6440:ISBN
6417:ISBN
6376:2023
6311:2022
6283:ISBN
6252:2010
6194:PMID
6165:PMID
6155:ISBN
6126:PMID
6097:PMID
6052:PMID
6011:2022
6000:PMID
5971:2022
5960:PMID
5902:PMID
5808:ISBN
5781:ISBN
5747:2015
5705:2013
5653:2017
5575:2020
5552:2022
5531:2019
5479:2013
5451:2022
5425:2022
5383:and
5352:2020
5326:2020
5281:2022
5256:2011
5137:2022
5086:ISBN
5051:ISBN
5016:ISBN
4981:ISBN
4932:ISBN
4882:ISBN
4847:ISBN
4818:2005
4718:2021
4692:2021
4621:2007
4583:2022
4543:2012
4512:2022
4490:2022
4441:ISBN
4406:ISBN
4377:ISBN
4348:2012
4322:2012
4254:ISBN
4225:ISBN
4183:ISBN
4122:ISBN
3879:10.3
3855:11.1
3831:13.8
3807:29.9
3783:34.1
3737:66%
3726:34%
3654:1979
3645:LVMH
3630:1772
3606:1837
3576:1985
3554:1734
3530:1515
3522:yes
3500:1867
3478:1921
3467:LVMH
3448:1729
3424:1849
3398:1776
3374:1889
3350:1836
3340:EPI
3326:1785
3302:1910
3276:1811
3252:1981
3228:1988
3202:1827
3191:LVMH
3174:1743
3163:LVMH
3148:1858
3124:1812
3100:1956
3078:1760
3054:1848
3037:LVMH
3022:1843
3018:Krug
2998:1808
2988:EPI
2974:1851
2950:1785
2926:1584
2904:1950
2882:1858
2860:1859
2833:1808
2807:1838
2779:1788
2753:1788
2730:1730
2708:1811
2682:1918
2660:1895
2638:1868
2614:1952
2606:EPI
2596:Oger
2592:1922
2570:1834
2562:yes
2540:1829
2516:1947
2494:1918
2470:1911
2448:1849
2426:1818
2402:1843
2377:1953
2351:1878
2328:1822
2304:1860
2282:1920
2257:1864
2229:1757
2165:The
2146:and
1950:and
1897:and
1774:aged
1745:Brut
1733:Doux
1697:Brut
1466:tsar
1310:and
1308:Oger
1262:and
1251:INAO
1120:and
826:lees
729:and
668:and
662:Sekt
647:Asti
643:DOCG
616:Cava
600:and
567:Napa
549:and
474:INAO
450:lees
404:Brut
177:and
7536:Oak
6985:Red
6796:Ice
6759:Red
6186:doi
6147:doi
6118:doi
6087:PMC
6077:doi
6042:PMC
6032:doi
5992:doi
5952:doi
5892:PMC
5882:doi
5082:244
5047:246
5012:243
4977:245
4928:169
4802:doi
4437:242
4373:241
3999:3.9
3975:4.4
3951:6.1
3927:9.2
3903:9.9
3749:No.
3641:yes
3617:yes
3587:yes
3565:yes
3541:yes
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3009:yes
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