802:
748:
784:
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begin to appear after 18 to 22 days. The feathers on the head become noticeable from the 24th to 29th day. The nestlings initially feed on food fallen at the bottom of the nest and begin to tear flesh after 33–39 days. They are able to stand on their legs after 17–19 days and begin flapping their wings after 27–31 days. After 50 days, they begin to move to branches next to the nest. Birds are able to breed after their second year. Parent birds guard their nest and will dive aggressively at intruders. Humans who intrude the nest appear to be recognized by birds and singled out for dive attacks.
877:
3284:
766:
1079:
1047:
321:
110:
247:
1071:. The nest is a rough platform of twigs and sticks placed in a tree. Nest sites may be reused in subsequent years. European birds breed in summer. Birds in the Italian Alps tend to build their nest close to water in steep cliffs or tall trees. Nest orientation may be related to wind and rainfall. The nests may sometimes be decorated with bright materials such as white plastic and a study in Spain suggests that they may have a role in signalling to keep away other kites.
85:
819:
1034:
who are in the vicinity may suffer serious injury due to the sharp talons of the kites. The reinforcement between human proximity and being fed have decreased the kite's fear of humans. Black kites in Spain prey on nestling waterfowl especially during summer to feed their young. Predation of nests of other pairs of black kites has also been noted. Kites have also been seen to tear and carry away the nests of
38:
823:
821:
827:
825:
820:
826:
1086:
The typical clutch size is 2 or sometimes 3 eggs. The incubation period varies from 30 to 34 days. Chicks of the Indian population stay at the nest for nearly two months. Chicks hatched later in
European populations appear to fledge faster. The care of young by the parents also rapidly decreased with
1090:
Newly hatched young have down (prepennae) which are sepia on the back and black around the eye and buff on the head, neck and underparts. This is replaced by brownish-gray second down (preplumulae). After 9–12 days, the second down appears on the whole body except the top of the head. Body feathers
977:
is particularly large especially in areas of high human population. Here the birds avoid heavily forested regions. A survey in 1967 in the 150 square kilometres of the city of New Delhi produced an estimate of about 2200 pairs or roughly 15 per square kilometre. Another survey in 2013 estimated 150
1074:
After pairing, the male frequently copulates with the female. Unguarded females may be approached by other males, and extra pair copulations are frequent. Males returning from a foraging trip will frequently copulate on return, as this increases the chances of his sperm fertilizing the eggs rather
1033:
over cities. In some places, they will readily swoop and snatch food held by humans. In Delhi, where black kites breed within the cities, religious offerings of meat to the kites are common among those who practice Islam. The meat is thrown into the air and the kites dive-bomb for the meat. Humans
855:
without any rufous. The sexes are alike though the male is a little smaller and less aggressive (this is the case in most birds of prey). They weigh on average 735 grams. The upper plumage is brown but the head and neck tend to be paler. The patch behind the eye appears darker. The outer flight
1099:
Black-eared kites in Japan were found to accumulate nearly 70% of mercury accumulated from polluted food in the feathers, thus excreting it in the moult process. Black kites often perch on electric wires and are frequent victims of electrocution. Their habit of swooping to pick up dead
1054:
In winter, kites form large communal roosts. Flocks may fly about before settling at the roost. When migrating, the black kite has a greater propensity to form large flocks than other migratory raptors, particularly prior to making a crossing over water. In India, the subspecies
824:
868:). The legs are yellow and the claws are black. They have a distinctive shrill whistle followed by a rapid whinnying call. Males and females have the same plumage but females are longer than males and have a little larger wingspan. Their wingspan is around 150 cm.
1026:. They are attracted to smoke and fires, where they seek escaping prey. Kites are also known to spread wildfires in northern Australia by picking up and dropping burning twigs so as to flush prey, leading to them being known in some circles as "firehawks".
3303:
856:
feathers are black and the feathers have dark cross bars and are mottled at the base. The lower parts of the body are pale brown, becoming lighter towards the chin. The body feathers have dark shafts giving it a streaked appearance. The
60:
353:
raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of
Accipitridae, although some populations have experienced dramatic declines or fluctuations. Current global population estimates run up to 6.7 million individuals.
1945:
388:, with the temperate region populations tending to be migratory. Several subspecies are recognized and formerly had their own English names. The European populations are small, but the South Asian population is very large.
1087:
the need for adults to migrate. Siblings show aggression to each other and often the weaker chick may be killed, but parent birds were found to preferentially feed the smaller chicks in experimentally altered nests.
1304:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
2225:
Sergio, Fabrizio; Pedrini, Paolo; Marchesi, Luigi (2003). "Adaptive selection of foraging and nesting habitat by black kites (Milvus migrans) and its implications for conservation: a multi-scale approach".
822:
58:
1059:
shows large seasonal fluctuations with the highest numbers seen from July to
October, after the monsoons, and it has been suggested that they make local movements in response to high rainfall.
3488:
1108:
leads to collisions with vehicles. Instances of mass poisoning as a result of feeding on poisoned voles in agricultural fields have been noted. They are also a major nuisance at some
59:
1127:). The eagle-owl freely picks off kites of any age and eagle-owls were noted to precipitously decrease kite breeding success when nesting within kilometres of the kites in the
672:. Resident. A dark brown kite found throughout the subcontinent. Can be seen circling and soaring in urban areas. Easily distinguished by the shallow forked tail. The name
2916:"Holostephanus metorchis (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) from Chicks Experimentally Infected with Metacercariae from a Fish, Pseudorasbora parva, in the Republic of Korea"
2457:
2280:
Sergio, F.; Blas, J.; Blanco, G.; Tanferna, A.; Lopez, L.; Lemus, J.A.; Hiraldo, F. (2011). "Raptor Nest
Decorations Are a Reliable Threat Against Conspecifics".
1706:
887:
The species is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and
Australia. The temperate populations of this kite tend to be migratory while the tropical ones are resident.
3219:
2115:
3259:
1842:
Mikula, Peter; Morelli, Federico; LuÄŤan, Radek K.; Jones, Darryl N.; Tryjanowski, Piotr (2016). "Bats as prey of diurnal birds: A global perspective".
936:, the black kite occurs only as a wanderer on migration. These birds are usually of the nominate race, but in November 2006 a juvenile of the eastern
2963:
801:
3618:
357:
Unlike others of the group, black kites are opportunistic hunters and are more likely to scavenge. They spend much time soaring and gliding in
3016:
Sheena, P.; Manjula, K.; Subair, K.; Janardanan, K. (2007). "The life cycle of
Mesostephanus indicum Mehra, 1947 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae)".
3670:
3796:
1029:
The Indian populations are well adapted to living in cities and are found in densely populated areas. Large numbers may be seen soaring in
416:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
1983:
2823:
Owino, A.; Biwott, N.; Amutete, G. (2004). "Bird strike incidents involving Kenya
Airways flights at three Kenyan airports, 1991-2001".
2658:
Honda, K.; Nasu, T.; Tatsukawa, R. (1986). "Seasonal changes in mercury accumulation in the black-eared kite, Milvus migrans lineatus".
998:
and the bird glides effortlessly, changing directions easily. They will swoop down with their legs lowered to snatch small live prey,
747:
981:
Vagrants from
Australia occasionally reach New Zealand, however, only one individual has persisted there (currently ~21 years old).
3579:
1067:
The breeding season of the black kite in India begins in winter (mainly
January and February), the young birds fledging before the
3631:
3846:
1264:
1244:
397:
3836:
2498:
2011:
1909:
1644:
1379:
1228:
3636:
3831:
1119:
As a large raptorial bird, the black kite has few natural predators. However, they do have a single serious predator: the
3592:
3527:
2796:
Mendelssohn, H.; Paz, U. (1977). "Mass mortality of birds of prey caused by
Azodrin, an organophosphorus insecticide".
2415:
Bustamante, J.; Hiraldo, F. (1989). "Post-fledging dependence period and maturation of flight skills in the Black Kite
783:
3747:
3171:
1789:"Density, laying date, breeding success and diet of Black Kites Milvus migrans govinda in the city of Delhi (India)"
3841:
3811:
3755:
3558:
1731:
1495:): minute genetic interspecies distance of two raptors breeding in a mixed community (Falconiformes: Accipitridae)"
1339:
445:
3675:
2716:
Janss, G.F.E. (2000). "Avian mortality from power lines: a morphologic approach of a species-specific mortality".
3571:
3540:
3273:
3194:
3175:
2253:
Viñuela, J.; Sunyer, C. (1992). "Nest orientation and hatching success of Black Kites Milvus migrans in Spain".
2168:"Population ecology and communal roosting behaviour of pariah kite Milvus migrans govinda in Pune (Maharashtra)"
765:
3233:
3060:
2052:
Veiga, J.P.; Hiraldo, F. (1990). "Food habits and the survival and growth of nestlings in two sympatric kites (
2142:
1820:
1561:
3657:
2522:
Viñuela, Javier (1999). "Sibling aggression, hatching asynchrony, and nestling mortality in the black kite (
1784:
3826:
1634:
1075:
than a different male. Both the male and female take part in nest building, incubation and care of chicks.
361:
in search of food. Their angled wing and distinctive forked tail make them easy to identify. They are also
2978:
1268:
622:
405:
3452:
3390:
994:
Black kites are most often seen gliding and soaring on thermals as they search for food. Their flight is
3457:
1193:
3132:
1944:
Bonta, Mark; Gosford, Robert; Eussen, Dick; Ferguson, Nathan; Loveless, Erana; Witwer, Maxwell (2017).
1587:
1526:
1276:
1220:
2883:
Karyakarte, P.P. (1970). "A new species of Echinochasmus (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the kite,
3816:
3760:
3695:
3408:
2599:
3597:
3368:
3295:
2562:
1371:
1328:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 297.
109:
3176:"Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds"
3821:
432:
3721:
1660:
Badley, John; Hyde, Philip (2006). "The Black-eared kite in Lincolnshire - a new British bird".
475:
with the black kite (in captivity where both species were kept together, and in the wild on the
3806:
3649:
3623:
3426:
3330:
3716:
2957:
1343:
204:
3290:
1363:
3742:
3431:
3377:
2289:
1272:
703:
413:
3264:
2852:"Spatial refugia and the coexistence of a diurnal raptor with its intraguild owl predator"
1170:
8:
1364:
832:
638:
74:
2293:
2027:
876:
3851:
3439:
3382:
3283:
3083:
3041:
2998:
2940:
2915:
2778:
2698:
2543:
2484:
2323:
2266:
2211:
2073:
1965:
1769:
1680:
1511:
1486:
1462:
1437:
1120:
865:
851:
by the slightly smaller size, less forked tail (visible in flight), and generally dark
574:
499:
476:
283:
104:
3395:
2729:
2239:
3475:
3033:
2945:
2896:
2868:
2851:
2836:
2809:
2770:
2671:
2315:
2007:
1905:
1640:
1467:
1375:
1224:
1078:
1046:
20:
3002:
2782:
2547:
2327:
1969:
1142:
Birds with abnormal development of a secondary upper mandible have been recorded in
3480:
3309:
3189:
3144:
3075:
3025:
2990:
2935:
2927:
2863:
2832:
2805:
2762:
2733:
2725:
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2436:
2428:
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2305:
2297:
2262:
2235:
2207:
2134:
2069:
1957:
1851:
1800:
1765:
1756:
Galushin, V.M. (1971). "A huge urban population of birds of prey in Delhi, India".
1530:
1506:
1457:
1449:
1416:
1188:
967:
720:
707:
588:
472:
3685:
3467:
3045:
320:
3801:
3703:
3545:
3444:
3260:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 4.9 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1805:
1788:
1344:"Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux"
1298:
955:
669:
548:
417:
221:
161:
3773:
3734:
3662:
3493:
3102:
2632:
2167:
2088:
1870:
1323:
1302:
1280:
1248:
1131:. Like most bird species, they have parasites; several species of endoparasitic
962:. Vagrants, most likely of the black-eared kite, on occasion range far into the
362:
3566:
3553:
3254:
2138:
1961:
1007:
933:
910:
3029:
2766:
2583:
2432:
2363:
2342:
1534:
1421:
1396:
3790:
3644:
3224:
3205:
3180:
2931:
1179:
676:
originates from the Indian caste system and usage of this name is deprecated.
515:
421:
246:
94:
89:
3149:
2301:
404:
in 1770. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by
3532:
3353:
3037:
2949:
2753:
Cooper, J.E. (1973). "Post-mortem findings in East African birds of prey".
2319:
1471:
1453:
959:
941:
913:, moving to the tropics in winter, but races in warmer regions such as the
617:
346:
342:
171:
2900:
2774:
2539:
3605:
3362:
3319:
2194:
Desai, J.H.; Malhotra, A.K. (1979). "Breeding biology of the Pariah Kite
2006:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 226–230.
1035:
951:
623:
511:
381:
369:
3418:
2600:"Growth and Development of the Black-eared Kite Milvus migrans lineatus"
1946:"Intentional Fire-Spreading by "Firehawk" Raptors in Northern Australia"
3768:
3708:
3584:
3313:
3087:
2994:
2738:
2702:
2493:
2441:
2310:
1319:
1113:
1011:
896:
686:
535:
495:
350:
325:
2616:
2400:
2379:
1855:
1603:
3514:
1263:
1253:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 286.
1132:
948:
811:
665:
613:
566:
373:
121:
49:
3610:
3506:
3324:
3079:
1732:"The 115th Christmas Bird Count in Hawaii & the Pacific Islands"
1438:"Prioritizing species conservation: does the Cape Verde kite exist?"
3519:
3347:
1925:
Chisholm, A.H. (1971). "The use by birds of tools and playthings".
1105:
995:
848:
699:
657:
609:
605:
570:
468:
453:
141:
3170:
3403:
2686:
1562:"Disallow caste discrimination in biological and social contexts"
1136:
1109:
1068:
1030:
1003:
963:
852:
601:
562:
385:
377:
358:
2685:
Ferrer, Miguel; de la Riva, Manuel; Castroviejo, Javier (1991).
1348:
Discours d'ouverture et de clĂ´ture du cours d'histoire naturelle
861:
857:
482:
Recent DNA studies suggest that the yellow-billed African races
2687:"Electrocution of Raptors on Power Lines in Southwestern Spain"
1101:
1023:
888:
737:
733:
507:
440:
181:
131:
37:
3255:
Black Kite species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
1984:"Australian "Firehawk" Raptors Intentionally Spread Wildfires"
1639:(4th ed.). London: Gurney and Jackson. pp. 371–373.
1164:
1162:
616:
and south China; Japan. Northern inland birds migrate to east
518:. There have been some suggestions that the black-eared kite (
3729:
3501:
3203:
Crochet, Pierre-André (2005). "Recent DNA studies of kites".
3015:
2914:
Seo, M.; Guk, S.M.; Chai, J.Y.; Sim, S.; Sohn, W, M. (2008).
1436:
Johnson, J.A.; Watson, Richard T.; Mindell, David P. (2005).
914:
881:
836:
793:
775:
757:
661:
491:
436:
1592:. Vol. 3. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 374–378.
1352:
Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.
561:
Breeds central, southern and eastern Europe, as well as the
3195:
10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0847:FSSTTA]2.0.CO;2
3158:
Hardy, J. (1985). "Black Kite capturing small passerines".
3133:"Annual gonadal cycle of Black Kite Milvus migrans govinda"
2684:
2660:
Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological
1485:
Schreiber, Arnd; Stubbe, Michael; Stubbe, Annegret (2000).
1159:
1128:
1015:
1014:. They are opportunist hunters and have been known to take
999:
892:
151:
2598:
Koga, Kimiya; Shiraishi, Satoshi; Uchida, Teruaki (1989).
2087:
Wesley, H. Daniel; Relton, A.; Moses, A. Alagappa (1991).
1943:
940:, not previously recorded in western Europe, was found in
2378:
Koga, Kimiya; Siraishi, Satoshi; Uchida, Teruaki (1989).
1019:
2983:
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B
2279:
1287:. Vol. 5. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 472.
2979:"Studies in Helminthology-Trematode parasites of birds"
2633:"Site fidelity and power of recognition in Pariah Kite
1841:
620:
coast and south Asia in winter. This has a larger pale
1782:
1168:
864:
are yellow, but the bill is black (unlike that of the
490:
differ significantly from black kites in the Eurasian
2849:
2224:
1535:"Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors"
1484:
1214:
1525:
1435:
396:
The black kite was described by the French polymath
2597:
1707:"Milvus migrans additional details on distribution"
1194:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T181568721A181571544.en
3137:Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
2822:
2657:
2571:Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
2377:
2414:
2086:
3788:
2165:
1553:
1006:, for which behaviour they are known in British
2789:
2466::is time of independence an offspring decision"
1823:. Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust. 25 October 2012
710:except mountains; northeast and east Australia.
522:) should be elevated to full species status as
2876:
2850:Sergio, F.; Marchesi, L.; Pedrini, P. (2003).
2795:
2449:
2408:
2089:"A strange predatory habit of the Pariah kite
1813:
932:), are resident. In some areas such as in the
3130:
3111:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2913:
2641:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2560:
2340:
2252:
2193:
2172:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2113:
2097:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1883:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1862:
1678:
1478:
1394:
1308:(in French). Utrecht. p. 28, Number 472.
2962:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2624:
2107:
2051:
1918:
1893:
1749:
1579:
1559:
1366:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1318:
1112:, where their size makes them a significant
412:which was produced under the supervision of
2843:
2515:
2246:
2159:
2028:"Bird Attacks on Humans - 7 Alarming Tales"
2004:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
1787:; Qureshi, Qamar; Sergio, Fabrizio (2014).
1628:
1626:
1624:
1429:
1395:Hille, Sabine; Thiollay, Jean-Marc (2000).
1208:
391:
3282:
3094:
3009:
2882:
2746:
2678:
2455:
2380:"Breeding Ecology of the Black-eared Kite
2273:
2218:
2080:
1687:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
1659:
1653:
245:
83:
56:
36:
3193:
3148:
3052:
2939:
2867:
2816:
2737:
2709:
2651:
2615:
2591:
2582:
2554:
2492:
2440:
2399:
2362:
2309:
2116:"Water-crossing behavior of Black Kites (
2045:
2001:
1868:
1804:
1510:
1499:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1461:
1420:
1192:
1139:species that are transmitted via fishes.
880:Black Kite (Milvus migrans)- Juvenile in
2630:
2458:"Family break-up in Black and Red Kites
2371:
2343:"Copulation behaviour of the Black Kite
2334:
2189:
2187:
2185:
1924:
1899:
1755:
1679:Reich, Nathan; Sorenson, Amanda (2011).
1632:
1621:
1585:
1388:
1338:
1297:
1285:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
1215:Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D. (2001).
1077:
1045:
1041:
1038:in an attempt to obtain eggs or chicks.
984:
875:
817:
410:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
319:
3217:
3202:
2970:
2907:
2521:
2166:Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B. (1985).
1902:Eagles, hawks, and falcons of Australia
1776:
1361:
1350:(in French). Paris: Plassan. p. 4.
254:Range of black and yellow-billed kites
3789:
3100:
2752:
2563:"Embryonic development of Pariah Kite
1997:
1995:
1993:
1397:"The imminent extinction of the kites
1355:
1243:
978:pairs for every 10 square kilometres.
847:Black kites can be distinguished from
494:, and should be considered a separate
398:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
3329:
3328:
3157:
3058:
2715:
2182:
1541:. International Ornithologists' Union
1322:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
444:was erected by the French naturalist
3696:60d18b3a-a363-4257-adae-fe55f110dd2b
3572:609cf84e-df19-47b8-b96e-0aae5cead672
3320:All That Breathes - 2022 Documentary
3220:"Identification of Black-eared Kite"
3160:Australasian Raptor Association News
3131:Desai, J.H.; Malhotra, A.K. (1982).
2561:Desai, J.H.; Malhotra, A.K. (1980).
1370:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1094:
989:
3797:IUCN Red List least concern species
2976:
2528:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1990:
1875:capturing Whitebreasted Kingfisher
1519:
1180:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
3124:
2920:The Korean Journal of Parasitology
2485:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01082.x
2384:in the Nagasaki Peninsula, Kyushu"
2267:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1992.tb08013.x
2212:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1979.tb06849.x
2074:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00590.x
1783:Kumar, Nishant; Mohan, Dhananjai;
1770:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1971.tb05189.x
1512:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01210.x
1442:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
831:Black kite flying at the beach in
526:, but this is not well supported.
372:is widely distributed through the
14:
3863:
3248:
460:means "migrating" from the Latin
349:, which also includes many other
2869:10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00693.x
2837:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00507.x
2341:Koga, K.; Shiraishi, S. (1994).
2114:Agostini, N.; Duchi, A. (1994).
1738:. National Audubon Society. 2015
1636:Popular handbook of Indian birds
1539:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
1325:Check-list of Birds of the World
1265:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
1245:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
947:The species is not found in the
800:
782:
764:
746:
108:
3265:BirdLife species factsheet for
2604:Japanese Journal of Ornithology
2388:Japanese Journal of Ornithology
2020:
1976:
1937:
1835:
1724:
1699:
1672:
1596:
1409:Bird Conservation International
1169:BirdLife International (2020).
1050:Black kite catching fish, Nepal
871:
565:region of Northwest Africa, to
237:
3310:Audio recordings of Black kite
3172:American Ornithologists' Union
3061:"Pariah Kite with Double Bill"
2002:Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1978).
1821:"Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust"
1332:
1312:
1291:
1257:
1250:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1237:
842:
402:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
365:with a shrill whinnying call.
1:
3847:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert
2730:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00021-5
2240:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00332-4
1589:Fauna of British India. Birds
1153:
529:
3837:Diurnal raptors of Australia
3306:at VIREO (Drexel University)
3232:(4): 156–160. Archived from
2810:10.1016/0006-3207(77)90001-5
2755:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
2691:Journal of Field Ornithology
2672:10.1016/0143-1471(86)90016-4
1806:10.1080/00063657.2013.876972
1340:Lacépède, Bernard Germain de
973:In India, the population of
7:
3832:Birds of the Gulf of Guinea
2977:Lal, Makund Behari (1939).
2198:at Delhi Zoological Park".
1681:"Milvus migrans black kite"
1277:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
1062:
446:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
10:
3868:
2825:African Journal of Ecology
2139:10.3727/015613894791748935
1962:10.2993/0278-0771-37.4.700
1713:. The Peregrine Fund. 2012
1405:on the Cape Verde Islands"
1362:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1269:Martinet, François-Nicolas
1187:: e.T181568721A181571544.
18:
3598:black-kite-milvus-migrans
3337:
3107:(Gray) with a split bill"
3101:Biswas, Biswamoy (1956).
3030:10.1007/s00436-007-0579-7
2889:Rivista di Parassitologia
2856:Journal of Animal Ecology
2767:10.7589/0090-3558-9.4.368
2584:10.3312/jyio1952.12.3_220
2433:10.1080/00063658909477025
2364:10.1080/00063659409477194
1560:Agoramoorthy, G. (2005).
1422:10.1017/S0959270900000319
1399:Milvus milvus fasciicauda
406:François-Nicolas Martinet
289:
282:
253:
244:
234:
229:
210:
203:
105:Scientific classification
103:
81:
72:
67:
55:
44:
35:
30:
3304:Black kite photo gallery
3296:Internet Bird Collection
2932:10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.83
1900:Hollands, David (1984).
922:small Indian/pariah kite
506:. They occur throughout
452:is the Latin word for a
427:in his catalogue of the
392:Systematics and taxonomy
3842:Birds described in 1783
3812:Birds of prey of Africa
3150:10.3312/jyio1952.14.143
3105:Milvus migrans lineatus
2887:(Boddaert), in India".
2798:Biological Conservation
2718:Biological Conservation
2631:Malhotra, A.K. (1990).
2456:Bustamante, J. (1994).
2382:Milvus migrans lineatus
2302:10.1126/science.1199422
2228:Biological Conservation
1950:Journal of Ethnobiology
1633:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
1586:Blanford, W.T. (1896).
1002:, household refuse and
924:), or the Australasian
569:and south to northwest
435:is France. The current
19:For the 2017 film, see
3218:Forsman, Dick (2003).
2635:Milvus migrans govinda
2565:Milvus migrans govinda
2347:in Nagasaki Peninsula"
1869:Narayanan, E. (1989).
1785:Jhala, Yadvendradev V.
1454:10.1098/rspb.2005.3098
1083:
1051:
884:
839:
660:east through tropical
612:to north India, north
577:. The head is whitish.
376:and tropical parts of
328:
3717:Paleobiology Database
3103:"A Large Indian Kite
3018:Parasitology Research
2540:10.1007/s002650050537
1273:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
1081:
1049:
1042:Flocking and roosting
985:Behaviour and ecology
879:
830:
323:
3567:Fauna Europaea (new)
3059:Rawal, U.M. (1971).
2032:Birds At First Sight
1927:Victorian Naturalist
1608:Encyclopedia of Life
1533:, eds. (July 2023).
1217:Raptors of the World
909:, respectively) are
704:Lesser Sunda Islands
621:
414:Edme-Louis Daubenton
341:) is a medium-sized
3827:Birds of Cape Verde
2294:2011Sci...331..327S
2120:) during migration"
1448:(1570): 1365–1371.
1135:are known and some
555:European black kite
429:Planches Enluminées
75:Conservation status
3440:BirdLife-Australia
3291:"Black kite media"
2995:10.1007/BF03039971
1986:. 12 January 2018.
1877:Halcyon smyrnensis
1529:; Donsker, David;
1491:) and black kite (
1121:Eurasian eagle-owl
1084:
1052:
885:
866:yellow-billed kite
840:
575:Sub-Saharan Africa
500:yellow-billed kite
477:Cape Verde Islands
471:has been known to
329:
271: Non-breeding
3784:
3783:
3331:Taxon identifiers
2617:10.3838/jjo.38.31
2401:10.3838/jjo.38.57
2288:(6015): 327–330.
2013:978-0-19-562063-4
1911:978-0-17-006411-8
1856:10.1111/mam.12060
1711:globalraptors.org
1646:978-1-4067-4576-4
1604:"Black Kite data"
1531:Rasmussen, Pamela
1403:Milvus m. migrans
1381:978-1-4081-2501-4
1230:978-0-7136-8026-3
1095:Mortality factors
990:Food and foraging
958:mainland and the
828:
724:
690:
668:to Indochina and
645:small Indian kite
642:
592:
552:
318:
317:
297:
98:
61:
21:Black Kite (film)
3859:
3817:Birds of Eurasia
3777:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3751:
3750:
3738:
3737:
3725:
3724:
3712:
3711:
3699:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3663:NHMSYS0000530481
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3471:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3409:C1C255AA01C58664
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3326:
3325:
3300:
3286:
3281:
3274:"Milvus migrans"
3244:
3242:
3241:
3214:
3199:
3197:
3167:
3154:
3152:
3143:(2–3): 143–150.
3119:
3118:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3065:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3024:(4): 1015–1018.
3013:
3007:
3006:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2953:
2943:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2497:. Archived from
2496:
2470:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2313:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2141:. Archived from
2124:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1685:Animal Diversity
1676:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1369:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1299:Boddaert, Pieter
1295:
1289:
1288:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1221:Christopher Helm
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1166:
968:Hawaiian Islands
956:South East Asian
930:fork-tailed kite
904:black-eared kite
829:
804:
786:
768:
750:
719:
716:M. m. formosanus
708:Papua New Guinea
693:fork-tailed kite
685:
637:
625:
595:black-eared kite
586:
546:
538:are recognised.
311:Milvus melanotis
295:
276:
270:
264:
258:
249:
216:
113:
112:
92:
87:
86:
63:
62:
40:
28:
27:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3704:Observation.org
3702:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3417:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3333:
3289:
3272:
3251:
3239:
3237:
3127:
3125:Further reading
3122:
3099:
3095:
3080:10.2307/4083971
3063:
3057:
3053:
3014:
3010:
2975:
2971:
2955:
2954:
2912:
2908:
2881:
2877:
2848:
2844:
2821:
2817:
2794:
2790:
2751:
2747:
2714:
2710:
2683:
2679:
2656:
2652:
2629:
2625:
2596:
2592:
2559:
2555:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2468:
2454:
2450:
2413:
2409:
2376:
2372:
2339:
2335:
2278:
2274:
2251:
2247:
2223:
2219:
2192:
2183:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2122:
2112:
2108:
2085:
2081:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1942:
1938:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1898:
1894:
1867:
1863:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1781:
1777:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1677:
1673:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1580:
1569:Current Science
1564:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1524:
1520:
1483:
1479:
1434:
1430:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1360:
1356:
1337:
1333:
1317:
1313:
1296:
1292:
1281:"Le Milan noir"
1262:
1258:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1097:
1065:
1044:
992:
987:
874:
845:
818:
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
670:Malay Peninsula
627:
532:
510:except for the
456:; the specific
418:Pieter Boddaert
394:
278:
274:
272:
268:
266:
262:
260:
256:
225:
218:
212:
199:
196:M. migrans
162:Accipitriformes
107:
99:
88:
84:
77:
57:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3822:Birds of Japan
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:Milvus-migrans
3765:
3752:
3739:
3726:
3713:
3700:
3690:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3589:
3576:
3563:
3554:Fauna Europaea
3550:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3494:milvus-migrans
3485:
3472:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3413:
3400:
3396:Milvus_migrans
3387:
3383:Milvus_migrans
3374:
3369:Milvus migrans
3359:
3343:
3341:
3339:Milvus migrans
3335:
3334:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3307:
3301:
3287:
3270:
3267:Milvus migrans
3262:
3257:
3250:
3249:External links
3247:
3246:
3245:
3215:
3213:(12): 486–488.
3200:
3188:(3): 847–858.
3168:
3155:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3093:
3051:
3008:
2989:(2): 111–200.
2969:
2906:
2895:(2): 113–116.
2885:Milvus migrans
2875:
2862:(2): 232–245.
2842:
2831:(2): 122–128.
2815:
2788:
2761:(4): 368–375.
2745:
2724:(3): 353–359.
2708:
2697:(2): 181–190.
2677:
2666:(4): 325–334.
2650:
2623:
2590:
2553:
2524:Milvus migrans
2514:
2479:(2): 176–184.
2460:Milvus migrans
2448:
2427:(3): 199–204.
2417:Milvus migrans
2407:
2370:
2345:Milvus migrans
2333:
2272:
2261:(4): 340–345.
2245:
2234:(3): 351–362.
2217:
2206:(3): 320–325.
2196:Milvus migrans
2181:
2158:
2118:Milvus migrans
2106:
2091:Milvus migrans
2079:
2058:Milvus migrans
2044:
2019:
2012:
1989:
1975:
1936:
1917:
1910:
1892:
1873:Milvus migrans
1861:
1850:(3): 160–174.
1834:
1812:
1775:
1748:
1723:
1698:
1671:
1668:(11): 465–470.
1652:
1645:
1620:
1595:
1578:
1552:
1518:
1505:(3): 351–365.
1477:
1428:
1415:(4): 361–369.
1387:
1380:
1354:
1331:
1311:
1290:
1256:
1236:
1229:
1207:
1173:Milvus migrans
1157:
1155:
1152:
1096:
1093:
1064:
1061:
1043:
1040:
1008:military slang
991:
988:
986:
983:
934:United Kingdom
907:M. m. lineatus
873:
870:
844:
841:
816:
815:
806:
799:
797:
788:
781:
779:
772:M. m. lineatus
770:
763:
761:
752:
745:
742:
741:
730:
729:
712:
711:
696:
695:
678:
677:
653:
652:
630:
629:
598:
597:
583:M. m. lineatus
579:
578:
558:
557:
531:
528:
520:M. m. lineatus
464:"to migrate".
393:
390:
345:in the family
338:Milvus migrans
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
301:Milvus affinis
298:
296:Boddaert, 1783
287:
286:
280:
279:
273:
267:
265: Resident
261:
259: Breeding
255:
251:
250:
242:
241:
232:
231:
227:
226:
219:
214:Milvus migrans
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
101:
100:
82:
79:
78:
73:
70:
69:
65:
64:
53:
52:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3864:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Kites (birds)
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3236:on 2015-04-02
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3225:Birding World
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3206:Birding World
3201:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3117:(3): 474–475.
3116:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2504:on 2011-07-20
2500:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2464:Milvus milvus
2461:
2452:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2178:(2): 337–346.
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2148:on 2016-03-03
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:Bird Behavior
2121:
2119:
2110:
2103:(1): 110–111.
2102:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:Holarct. Ecol
2059:
2055:
2054:Milvus milvus
2048:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1871:"Pariah kite
1865:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:Mammal Review
1838:
1822:
1816:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1662:Birding World
1656:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1570:
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1556:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1513:
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1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:Milvus milvus
1481:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
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1383:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1279:(1765–1783).
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1149:
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1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
982:
979:
976:
975:M. m. govinda
971:
969:
966:, out to the
965:
961:
957:
953:
950:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:M. m. affinis
923:
919:
918:M. m. govinda
916:
912:
908:
905:
901:
900:M. m. migrans
898:
894:
890:
883:
878:
869:
867:
863:
859:
854:
850:
838:
834:
813:
809:
808:M. m. affinis
803:
798:
795:
791:
790:M. m. govinda
785:
780:
777:
773:
767:
762:
759:
755:
754:M. m. migrans
749:
744:
743:
739:
735:
732:
731:
728:
722:
717:
714:
713:
709:
705:
702:and possibly
701:
698:
697:
694:
688:
683:
682:M. m. affinis
680:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:
650:
646:
640:
635:
634:M. m. govinda
632:
631:
626:
619:
615:
611:
608:south around
607:
603:
600:
599:
596:
590:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:. Winters in
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
556:
550:
544:
543:M. m. migrans
541:
540:
539:
537:
527:
525:
521:
517:
516:Sahara Desert
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
438:
434:
433:type locality
430:
426:
425:Falco migrans
423:
422:binomial name
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
389:
387:
383:
380:and parts of
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
334:
327:
322:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
294:
293:Falco migrans
291:
290:
288:
285:
281:
277: Passage
252:
248:
243:
240:
239:
233:
228:
223:
217:
215:
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
102:
96:
91:
90:Least Concern
80:
76:
71:
66:
54:
51:
47:
46:M. m. affinis
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3338:
3294:
3277:
3266:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:the original
3229:
3223:
3210:
3204:
3185:
3179:
3163:
3159:
3140:
3136:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3096:
3071:
3067:
3054:
3021:
3017:
3011:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2958:cite journal
2926:(2): 83–86.
2923:
2919:
2909:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2828:
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2653:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2626:
2610:(1): 31–42.
2607:
2603:
2593:
2577:(3): 82–86.
2574:
2570:
2564:
2556:
2534:(1): 33–45.
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2506:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2476:
2472:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2394:(2): 57–66.
2391:
2387:
2381:
2373:
2357:(1): 29–36.
2354:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2130:
2126:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2036:. Retrieved
2034:. 2022-09-25
2031:
2022:
2003:
1978:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1815:
1796:
1792:
1778:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1715:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1684:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1635:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:
1598:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1538:
1521:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1412:
1408:
1402:
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1390:
1365:
1357:
1347:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1303:
1293:
1284:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1216:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1184:
1178:
1172:
1150:subspecies.
1147:
1143:
1141:
1129:Italian Alps
1124:
1118:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1066:
1056:
1053:
1036:baya weavers
1028:
993:
980:
974:
972:
960:Wallace Line
954:between the
946:
942:Lincolnshire
937:
929:
925:
921:
917:
906:
903:
899:
891:and central
886:
872:Distribution
846:
807:
789:
771:
753:
726:
715:
692:
681:
673:
648:
644:
633:
624:carpal patch
618:Persian Gulf
594:
582:
554:
542:
533:
523:
519:
504:M. aegyptius
503:
487:
483:
481:
466:
461:
457:
449:
439:
428:
424:
409:
401:
395:
367:
356:
347:Accipitridae
343:bird of prey
337:
336:
332:
330:
310:
305:
300:
292:
235:
213:
211:
195:
194:
182:
172:Accipitridae
45:
25:
3606:iNaturalist
3363:Wikispecies
2739:10261/64776
2494:10261/46920
2442:10261/46912
2311:10261/37071
1736:Audubon.org
1545:3 September
1527:Gill, Frank
1487:"Red kite (
1320:Mayr, Ernst
1200:13 November
952:archipelago
843:Description
740:; resident.
727:Taiwan kite
649:pariah kite
524:M. lineatus
512:Congo Basin
420:coined the
382:Australasia
306:Milvus ater
230:Subspecies
31:Black kite
3791:Categories
3769:Xeno-canto
3686:black-kite
3445:black-kite
3314:Xeno-canto
3240:2015-03-23
3074:(1): 166.
2804:(3): 163.
2508:2010-07-03
2421:Bird Study
2351:Bird Study
2152:2010-07-03
2038:2022-09-25
1956:(4): 700.
1933:: 180–188.
1904:. Nelson.
1827:22 January
1799:(1): 1–8.
1793:Bird Study
1764:(4): 552.
1742:2021-10-21
1717:2021-10-21
1691:21 October
1493:M. migrans
1219:. London:
1154:References
1133:trematodes
1114:birdstrike
1012:shite-hawk
949:Indonesian
897:subspecies
647:(formerly
589:J. E. Gray
536:subspecies
530:Subspecies
496:allopatric
368:The black
363:vociferous
333:black kite
326:Bangladesh
3852:Firehawks
3650:181568721
2647:(3): 458.
2133:: 45–48.
2068:: 62–71.
1889:(3): 445.
1575:(5): 727.
1305:enluminés
1125:Bubo bubo
1104:or other
911:migratory
849:red kites
812:Australia
666:Sri Lanka
614:Indochina
567:Tien Shan
498:species:
488:aegyptius
484:parasitus
473:hybridize
448:in 1799.
374:temperate
190:Species:
128:Kingdom:
122:Eukaryota
50:Australia
3730:Species+
3624:10458086
3432:22734972
3427:BirdLife
3416:BioLib:
3348:Wikidata
3174:(2000).
3038:17514481
3003:81103601
2950:18552543
2783:37028748
2548:44011901
2328:13925885
2320:21252345
1970:90806420
1472:16006325
1342:(1799).
1301:(1783).
1247:(1770).
1148:lineatus
1116:hazard.
1110:airports
1106:roadkill
1069:monsoons
1063:Breeding
1031:thermals
938:lineatus
889:European
833:Kanagawa
700:Sulawesi
658:Pakistan
656:Eastern
610:Himalaya
606:Amurland
571:Pakistan
549:Boddaert
514:and the
469:red kite
454:red kite
359:thermals
284:Synonyms
222:Boddaert
168:Family:
142:Chordata
138:Phylum:
132:Animalia
118:Domain:
95:IUCN 3.1
3585:5229167
3507:blakit1
3468:blakit1
3404:Avibase
3278:Avibase
3088:4083971
3068:The Auk
2941:2532613
2901:5529542
2775:4150320
2703:4513623
2290:Bibcode
2282:Science
1613:Dec 30,
1463:1560339
1144:govinda
1137:Digenea
1102:rodents
1057:govinda
1024:rodents
1010:as the
1004:carrion
996:buoyant
964:Pacific
895:birds (
853:plumage
602:Siberia
591:, 1831)
563:Maghreb
551:, 1783)
462:migrare
458:migrans
408:in the
400:in his
386:Oceania
378:Eurasia
351:diurnal
236:5, see
224:, 1783)
178:Genus:
158:Order:
148:Class:
93: (
3802:Milvus
3761:212678
3722:368606
3693:NZOR:
3683:NZBO:
3637:175469
3541:EURING
3520:MLVSMI
3354:Q80362
3086:
3046:733816
3044:
3036:
3001:
2948:
2938:
2899:
2781:
2773:
2701:
2546:
2326:
2318:
2010:
1968:
1908:
1643:
1470:
1460:
1378:
1227:
1022:, and
915:Indian
738:Hainan
734:Taiwan
723:, 1920
721:Kuroda
689:, 1838
674:pariah
641:, 1832
508:Africa
450:Milvus
441:Milvus
431:. The
275:
269:
263:
257:
183:Milvus
68:Calls
3756:WoRMS
3748:10719
3676:52810
3619:IRMNG
3559:96688
3528:EUNIS
3502:eBird
3481:43DZH
3465:BOW:
3458:16400
3166:: 14.
3084:JSTOR
3064:(PDF)
3042:S2CID
2999:S2CID
2779:S2CID
2699:JSTOR
2544:S2CID
2502:(PDF)
2469:(PDF)
2324:S2CID
2146:(PDF)
2123:(PDF)
1966:S2CID
1565:(PDF)
1016:birds
893:Asian
882:Nepal
837:Japan
794:India
776:Japan
758:Spain
687:Gould
662:India
639:Sykes
534:Five
492:clade
437:genus
3735:9813
3671:NCBI
3645:IUCN
3632:ITIS
3611:5268
3580:GBIF
3546:2380
3533:1143
3515:EPPO
3453:BOLD
3419:8504
3034:PMID
2964:link
2946:PMID
2897:PMID
2771:PMID
2526:)".
2473:Ibis
2462:and
2316:PMID
2255:Ibis
2200:Ibis
2060:)".
2056:and
2008:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1829:2013
1758:Ibis
1693:2021
1641:ISBN
1615:2022
1547:2023
1468:PMID
1401:and
1376:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1202:2021
1185:2020
1146:and
1082:Eggs
1020:bats
1000:fish
902:and
862:gape
860:and
858:cere
736:and
664:and
486:and
467:The
384:and
370:kite
331:The
238:text
152:Aves
3743:TSA
3709:364
3658:NBN
3593:IBC
3489:CMS
3476:CoL
3391:AFD
3378:ADW
3312:on
3190:doi
3186:117
3181:Auk
3145:doi
3076:doi
3026:doi
3022:101
2991:doi
2936:PMC
2928:doi
2864:doi
2833:doi
2806:doi
2763:doi
2734:hdl
2726:doi
2668:doi
2612:doi
2579:doi
2536:doi
2489:hdl
2481:doi
2477:136
2437:hdl
2429:doi
2419:".
2396:doi
2359:doi
2306:hdl
2298:doi
2286:331
2263:doi
2259:134
2236:doi
2232:112
2208:doi
2204:121
2135:doi
2070:doi
1958:doi
1852:doi
1801:doi
1766:doi
1762:113
1507:doi
1458:PMC
1450:doi
1446:272
1417:doi
1372:255
1189:doi
604:to
479:).
324:in
3793::
3771::
3758::
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3732::
3719::
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3673::
3660::
3647::
3634::
3621::
3608::
3595::
3582::
3569::
3556::
3543::
3530::
3517::
3504::
3491::
3478::
3455::
3442::
3429::
3406::
3393::
3380::
3365::
3350::
3293:.
3276:.
3230:16
3228:.
3222:.
3211:18
3209:.
3184:.
3178:.
3162:.
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