813:
759:
795:
1102:
begin to appear after 18 to 22 days. The feathers on the head become noticeable from the 24th to 29th day. The nestlings initially feed on food fallen at the bottom of the nest and begin to tear flesh after 33–39 days. They are able to stand on their legs after 17–19 days and begin flapping their wings after 27–31 days. After 50 days, they begin to move to branches next to the nest. Birds are able to breed after their second year. Parent birds guard their nest and will dive aggressively at intruders. Humans who intrude the nest appear to be recognized by birds and singled out for dive attacks.
888:
3295:
777:
1090:
1058:
332:
121:
258:
1082:. The nest is a rough platform of twigs and sticks placed in a tree. Nest sites may be reused in subsequent years. European birds breed in summer. Birds in the Italian Alps tend to build their nest close to water in steep cliffs or tall trees. Nest orientation may be related to wind and rainfall. The nests may sometimes be decorated with bright materials such as white plastic and a study in Spain suggests that they may have a role in signalling to keep away other kites.
96:
830:
1045:
who are in the vicinity may suffer serious injury due to the sharp talons of the kites. The reinforcement between human proximity and being fed have decreased the kite's fear of humans. Black kites in Spain prey on nestling waterfowl especially during summer to feed their young. Predation of nests of other pairs of black kites has also been noted. Kites have also been seen to tear and carry away the nests of
49:
834:
832:
838:
836:
831:
837:
1097:
The typical clutch size is 2 or sometimes 3 eggs. The incubation period varies from 30 to 34 days. Chicks of the Indian population stay at the nest for nearly two months. Chicks hatched later in
European populations appear to fledge faster. The care of young by the parents also rapidly decreased with
1101:
Newly hatched young have down (prepennae) which are sepia on the back and black around the eye and buff on the head, neck and underparts. This is replaced by brownish-gray second down (preplumulae). After 9–12 days, the second down appears on the whole body except the top of the head. Body feathers
988:
is particularly large especially in areas of high human population. Here the birds avoid heavily forested regions. A survey in 1967 in the 150 square kilometres of the city of New Delhi produced an estimate of about 2200 pairs or roughly 15 per square kilometre. Another survey in 2013 estimated 150
1085:
After pairing, the male frequently copulates with the female. Unguarded females may be approached by other males, and extra pair copulations are frequent. Males returning from a foraging trip will frequently copulate on return, as this increases the chances of his sperm fertilizing the eggs rather
1044:
over cities. In some places, they will readily swoop and snatch food held by humans. In Delhi, where black kites breed within the cities, religious offerings of meat to the kites are common among those who practice Islam. The meat is thrown into the air and the kites dive-bomb for the meat. Humans
866:
without any rufous. The sexes are alike though the male is a little smaller and less aggressive (this is the case in most birds of prey). They weigh on average 735 grams. The upper plumage is brown but the head and neck tend to be paler. The patch behind the eye appears darker. The outer flight
1110:
Black-eared kites in Japan were found to accumulate nearly 70% of mercury accumulated from polluted food in the feathers, thus excreting it in the moult process. Black kites often perch on electric wires and are frequent victims of electrocution. Their habit of swooping to pick up dead
1065:
In winter, kites form large communal roosts. Flocks may fly about before settling at the roost. When migrating, the black kite has a greater propensity to form large flocks than other migratory raptors, particularly prior to making a crossing over water. In India, the subspecies
835:
879:). The legs are yellow and the claws are black. They have a distinctive shrill whistle followed by a rapid whinnying call. Males and females have the same plumage but females are longer than males and have a little larger wingspan. Their wingspan is around 150 cm.
1037:. They are attracted to smoke and fires, where they seek escaping prey. Kites are also known to spread wildfires in northern Australia by picking up and dropping burning twigs so as to flush prey, leading to them being known in some circles as "firehawks".
3314:
867:
feathers are black and the feathers have dark cross bars and are mottled at the base. The lower parts of the body are pale brown, becoming lighter towards the chin. The body feathers have dark shafts giving it a streaked appearance. The
71:
364:
raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of
Accipitridae, although some populations have experienced dramatic declines or fluctuations. Current global population estimates run up to 6.7 million individuals.
1956:
399:, with the temperate region populations tending to be migratory. Several subspecies are recognized and formerly had their own English names. The European populations are small, but the South Asian population is very large.
1098:
the need for adults to migrate. Siblings show aggression to each other and often the weaker chick may be killed, but parent birds were found to preferentially feed the smaller chicks in experimentally altered nests.
1315:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
2236:
Sergio, Fabrizio; Pedrini, Paolo; Marchesi, Luigi (2003). "Adaptive selection of foraging and nesting habitat by black kites (Milvus migrans) and its implications for conservation: a multi-scale approach".
833:
69:
1070:
shows large seasonal fluctuations with the highest numbers seen from July to
October, after the monsoons, and it has been suggested that they make local movements in response to high rainfall.
3499:
1119:
leads to collisions with vehicles. Instances of mass poisoning as a result of feeding on poisoned voles in agricultural fields have been noted. They are also a major nuisance at some
70:
1138:). The eagle-owl freely picks off kites of any age and eagle-owls were noted to precipitously decrease kite breeding success when nesting within kilometres of the kites in the
683:. Resident. A dark brown kite found throughout the subcontinent. Can be seen circling and soaring in urban areas. Easily distinguished by the shallow forked tail. The name
2927:"Holostephanus metorchis (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) from Chicks Experimentally Infected with Metacercariae from a Fish, Pseudorasbora parva, in the Republic of Korea"
2468:
2291:
Sergio, F.; Blas, J.; Blanco, G.; Tanferna, A.; Lopez, L.; Lemus, J.A.; Hiraldo, F. (2011). "Raptor Nest
Decorations Are a Reliable Threat Against Conspecifics".
1717:
898:
The species is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and
Australia. The temperate populations of this kite tend to be migratory while the tropical ones are resident.
3230:
2126:
3270:
1853:
Mikula, Peter; Morelli, Federico; LuÄŤan, Radek K.; Jones, Darryl N.; Tryjanowski, Piotr (2016). "Bats as prey of diurnal birds: A global perspective".
947:, the black kite occurs only as a wanderer on migration. These birds are usually of the nominate race, but in November 2006 a juvenile of the eastern
2974:
812:
3629:
368:
Unlike others of the group, black kites are opportunistic hunters and are more likely to scavenge. They spend much time soaring and gliding in
3027:
Sheena, P.; Manjula, K.; Subair, K.; Janardanan, K. (2007). "The life cycle of
Mesostephanus indicum Mehra, 1947 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae)".
3681:
3807:
1040:
The Indian populations are well adapted to living in cities and are found in densely populated areas. Large numbers may be seen soaring in
427:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
1994:
2834:
Owino, A.; Biwott, N.; Amutete, G. (2004). "Bird strike incidents involving Kenya
Airways flights at three Kenyan airports, 1991-2001".
2669:
Honda, K.; Nasu, T.; Tatsukawa, R. (1986). "Seasonal changes in mercury accumulation in the black-eared kite, Milvus migrans lineatus".
1009:
and the bird glides effortlessly, changing directions easily. They will swoop down with their legs lowered to snatch small live prey,
758:
992:
Vagrants from
Australia occasionally reach New Zealand, however, only one individual has persisted there (currently ~21 years old).
3590:
1078:
The breeding season of the black kite in India begins in winter (mainly
January and February), the young birds fledging before the
3642:
3857:
1275:
1255:
408:
3847:
2509:
2022:
1920:
1655:
1390:
1239:
3647:
3842:
1130:
As a large raptorial bird, the black kite has few natural predators. However, they do have a single serious predator: the
3603:
3538:
2807:
Mendelssohn, H.; Paz, U. (1977). "Mass mortality of birds of prey caused by
Azodrin, an organophosphorus insecticide".
2426:
Bustamante, J.; Hiraldo, F. (1989). "Post-fledging dependence period and maturation of flight skills in the Black Kite
794:
3758:
3182:
1800:"Density, laying date, breeding success and diet of Black Kites Milvus migrans govinda in the city of Delhi (India)"
3852:
3822:
3766:
3569:
1742:
1506:): minute genetic interspecies distance of two raptors breeding in a mixed community (Falconiformes: Accipitridae)"
1350:
456:
3686:
2727:
Janss, G.F.E. (2000). "Avian mortality from power lines: a morphologic approach of a species-specific mortality".
3582:
3551:
3284:
3205:
3186:
2264:
Viñuela, J.; Sunyer, C. (1992). "Nest orientation and hatching success of Black Kites Milvus migrans in Spain".
2179:"Population ecology and communal roosting behaviour of pariah kite Milvus migrans govinda in Pune (Maharashtra)"
776:
3244:
3071:
2063:
Veiga, J.P.; Hiraldo, F. (1990). "Food habits and the survival and growth of nestlings in two sympatric kites (
2153:
1831:
1572:
3668:
2533:
Viñuela, Javier (1999). "Sibling aggression, hatching asynchrony, and nestling mortality in the black kite (
1795:
3837:
1645:
1086:
than a different male. Both the male and female take part in nest building, incubation and care of chicks.
372:
in search of food. Their angled wing and distinctive forked tail make them easy to identify. They are also
2989:
1279:
633:
416:
3463:
3401:
1005:
Black kites are most often seen gliding and soaring on thermals as they search for food. Their flight is
3468:
1204:
3143:
1955:
Bonta, Mark; Gosford, Robert; Eussen, Dick; Ferguson, Nathan; Loveless, Erana; Witwer, Maxwell (2017).
1598:
1537:
1287:
1231:
17:
2894:
Karyakarte, P.P. (1970). "A new species of Echinochasmus (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the kite,
3827:
3771:
3706:
3419:
2610:
3608:
3379:
3306:
2573:
1382:
1339:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 297.
120:
3187:"Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds"
3832:
443:
3732:
1671:
Badley, John; Hyde, Philip (2006). "The Black-eared kite in Lincolnshire - a new British bird".
486:
with the black kite (in captivity where both species were kept together, and in the wild on the
3817:
3660:
3634:
3437:
3341:
3727:
2968:
1354:
215:
3301:
1374:
3753:
3442:
3388:
2300:
1283:
714:
424:
3275:
2863:"Spatial refugia and the coexistence of a diurnal raptor with its intraguild owl predator"
1181:
8:
1375:
843:
649:
85:
2304:
2038:
887:
3862:
3450:
3393:
3294:
3094:
3052:
3009:
2951:
2926:
2789:
2709:
2554:
2495:
2334:
2277:
2222:
2084:
1976:
1780:
1691:
1522:
1497:
1473:
1448:
1131:
876:
862:
by the slightly smaller size, less forked tail (visible in flight), and generally dark
585:
510:
487:
294:
115:
3406:
2740:
2250:
3486:
3044:
2956:
2907:
2879:
2862:
2847:
2820:
2781:
2682:
2326:
2018:
1916:
1651:
1478:
1386:
1235:
1089:
1057:
31:
3013:
2793:
2558:
2338:
1980:
1153:
Birds with abnormal development of a secondary upper mandible have been recorded in
3491:
3320:
3200:
3155:
3086:
3036:
3001:
2946:
2938:
2874:
2843:
2816:
2773:
2744:
2736:
2678:
2622:
2589:
2546:
2499:
2491:
2447:
2439:
2406:
2369:
2316:
2308:
2273:
2246:
2218:
2145:
2080:
1968:
1862:
1811:
1776:
1767:
Galushin, V.M. (1971). "A huge urban population of birds of prey in Delhi, India".
1541:
1517:
1468:
1460:
1427:
1199:
978:
731:
718:
599:
483:
3696:
3478:
3056:
331:
3812:
3714:
3556:
3455:
3271:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 4.9 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1816:
1799:
1355:"Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux"
1309:
966:
680:
559:
428:
232:
172:
3784:
3745:
3673:
3504:
3113:
2643:
2178:
2099:
1881:
1334:
1313:
1291:
1259:
1142:. Like most bird species, they have parasites; several species of endoparasitic
973:. Vagrants, most likely of the black-eared kite, on occasion range far into the
373:
3577:
3564:
3265:
2149:
1972:
1018:
944:
921:
3040:
2777:
2594:
2443:
2374:
2353:
1545:
1432:
1407:
3801:
3655:
3235:
3216:
3191:
2942:
1190:
687:
originates from the Indian caste system and usage of this name is deprecated.
526:
432:
257:
105:
100:
3160:
2312:
415:
in 1770. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by
3543:
3364:
3048:
2960:
2764:
Cooper, J.E. (1973). "Post-mortem findings in East African birds of prey".
2330:
1482:
1464:
970:
952:
924:, moving to the tropics in winter, but races in warmer regions such as the
628:
357:
353:
182:
2911:
2785:
2550:
3616:
3373:
3330:
2205:
Desai, J.H.; Malhotra, A.K. (1979). "Breeding biology of the Pariah Kite
2017:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 226–230.
1046:
962:
634:
522:
392:
380:
3429:
2611:"Growth and Development of the Black-eared Kite Milvus migrans lineatus"
1957:"Intentional Fire-Spreading by "Firehawk" Raptors in Northern Australia"
3779:
3719:
3595:
3324:
3098:
3005:
2749:
2713:
2504:
2452:
2321:
1330:
1124:
1022:
907:
697:
546:
506:
361:
336:
2627:
2411:
2390:
1866:
1614:
3525:
1274:
1264:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 286.
1143:
959:
822:
676:
624:
577:
384:
132:
60:
3621:
3517:
3335:
3090:
1743:"The 115th Christmas Bird Count in Hawaii & the Pacific Islands"
1449:"Prioritizing species conservation: does the Cape Verde kite exist?"
3530:
3358:
1936:
Chisholm, A.H. (1971). "The use by birds of tools and playthings".
1116:
1006:
859:
710:
668:
620:
616:
581:
479:
464:
152:
3181:
3414:
2697:
1573:"Disallow caste discrimination in biological and social contexts"
1147:
1120:
1079:
1041:
1014:
974:
863:
612:
573:
396:
388:
369:
2696:
Ferrer, Miguel; de la Riva, Manuel; Castroviejo, Javier (1991).
1359:
Discours d'ouverture et de clĂ´ture du cours d'histoire naturelle
872:
868:
493:
Recent DNA studies suggest that the yellow-billed African races
2698:"Electrocution of Raptors on Power Lines in Southwestern Spain"
1112:
1034:
899:
748:
744:
518:
451:
192:
142:
48:
3266:
Black Kite species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
1995:"Australian "Firehawk" Raptors Intentionally Spread Wildfires"
1650:(4th ed.). London: Gurney and Jackson. pp. 371–373.
1175:
1173:
627:
and south China; Japan. Northern inland birds migrate to east
529:. There have been some suggestions that the black-eared kite (
3740:
3512:
3214:
Crochet, Pierre-André (2005). "Recent DNA studies of kites".
3026:
2925:
Seo, M.; Guk, S.M.; Chai, J.Y.; Sim, S.; Sohn, W, M. (2008).
1447:
Johnson, J.A.; Watson, Richard T.; Mindell, David P. (2005).
925:
892:
847:
804:
786:
768:
672:
502:
447:
1603:. Vol. 3. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 374–378.
1363:
Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.
572:
Breeds central, southern and eastern Europe, as well as the
3206:
10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0847:FSSTTA]2.0.CO;2
3169:
Hardy, J. (1985). "Black Kite capturing small passerines".
3144:"Annual gonadal cycle of Black Kite Milvus migrans govinda"
2695:
2671:
Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological
1496:
Schreiber, Arnd; Stubbe, Michael; Stubbe, Annegret (2000).
1170:
1139:
1026:
1025:. They are opportunist hunters and have been known to take
1010:
903:
162:
2609:
Koga, Kimiya; Shiraishi, Satoshi; Uchida, Teruaki (1989).
2098:
Wesley, H. Daniel; Relton, A.; Moses, A. Alagappa (1991).
1954:
951:, not previously recorded in western Europe, was found in
2389:
Koga, Kimiya; Siraishi, Satoshi; Uchida, Teruaki (1989).
1030:
2994:
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B
2290:
1298:. Vol. 5. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 472.
2990:"Studies in Helminthology-Trematode parasites of birds"
2644:"Site fidelity and power of recognition in Pariah Kite
1852:
631:
coast and south Asia in winter. This has a larger pale
1793:
1179:
875:
are yellow, but the bill is black (unlike that of the
501:
differ significantly from black kites in the Eurasian
2860:
2235:
1546:"Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors"
1495:
1225:
1536:
1446:
407:
The black kite was described by the French polymath
2608:
1718:"Milvus migrans additional details on distribution"
1205:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T181568721A181571544.en
3148:Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
2833:
2668:
2582:Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
2388:
2425:
2097:
3799:
2176:
1564:
1017:, for which behaviour they are known in British
2800:
2477::is time of independence an offspring decision"
1834:. Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust. 25 October 2012
721:except mountains; northeast and east Australia.
533:) should be elevated to full species status as
2887:
2861:Sergio, F.; Marchesi, L.; Pedrini, P. (2003).
2806:
2460:
2419:
2100:"A strange predatory habit of the Pariah kite
1824:
943:), are resident. In some areas such as in the
3141:
3122:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2924:
2652:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2571:
2351:
2263:
2204:
2183:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2124:
2108:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1894:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1873:
1689:
1489:
1405:
1319:(in French). Utrecht. p. 28, Number 472.
2973:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2635:
2118:
2062:
1929:
1904:
1760:
1590:
1570:
1377:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1329:
1123:, where their size makes them a significant
423:which was produced under the supervision of
2854:
2526:
2257:
2170:
2039:"Bird Attacks on Humans - 7 Alarming Tales"
2015:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
1798:; Qureshi, Qamar; Sergio, Fabrizio (2014).
1639:
1637:
1635:
1440:
1406:Hille, Sabine; Thiollay, Jean-Marc (2000).
1219:
402:
3293:
3105:
3020:
2893:
2757:
2689:
2466:
2391:"Breeding Ecology of the Black-eared Kite
2284:
2229:
2091:
1698:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
1670:
1664:
256:
94:
67:
47:
3204:
3159:
3063:
2950:
2878:
2827:
2748:
2720:
2662:
2626:
2602:
2593:
2565:
2503:
2451:
2410:
2373:
2320:
2127:"Water-crossing behavior of Black Kites (
2056:
2012:
1879:
1815:
1521:
1510:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1472:
1431:
1203:
1150:species that are transmitted via fishes.
891:Black Kite (Milvus migrans)- Juvenile in
2641:
2469:"Family break-up in Black and Red Kites
2382:
2354:"Copulation behaviour of the Black Kite
2345:
2200:
2198:
2196:
1935:
1910:
1766:
1690:Reich, Nathan; Sorenson, Amanda (2011).
1643:
1632:
1596:
1399:
1349:
1308:
1296:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
1226:Ferguson-Lees, J.; Christie, D. (2001).
1088:
1056:
1052:
1049:in an attempt to obtain eggs or chicks.
995:
886:
828:
421:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
330:
3228:
3213:
2981:
2918:
2532:
2177:Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B. (1985).
1913:Eagles, hawks, and falcons of Australia
1787:
1372:
1361:(in French). Paris: Plassan. p. 4.
265:Range of black and yellow-billed kites
14:
3800:
3111:
2763:
2574:"Embryonic development of Pariah Kite
2008:
2006:
2004:
1408:"The imminent extinction of the kites
1366:
1254:
989:pairs for every 10 square kilometres.
858:Black kites can be distinguished from
505:, and should be considered a separate
409:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
3340:
3339:
3168:
3069:
2726:
2193:
1552:. International Ornithologists' Union
1333:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
455:was erected by the French naturalist
3707:60d18b3a-a363-4257-adae-fe55f110dd2b
3583:609cf84e-df19-47b8-b96e-0aae5cead672
3331:All That Breathes - 2022 Documentary
3231:"Identification of Black-eared Kite"
3171:Australasian Raptor Association News
3142:Desai, J.H.; Malhotra, A.K. (1982).
2572:Desai, J.H.; Malhotra, A.K. (1980).
1381:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1105:
1000:
3808:IUCN Red List least concern species
2987:
2539:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2001:
1886:capturing Whitebreasted Kingfisher
1530:
1191:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
3135:
2931:The Korean Journal of Parasitology
2496:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01082.x
2395:in the Nagasaki Peninsula, Kyushu"
2278:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1992.tb08013.x
2223:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1979.tb06849.x
2085:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00590.x
1794:Kumar, Nishant; Mohan, Dhananjai;
1781:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1971.tb05189.x
1523:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01210.x
1453:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
842:Black kite flying at the beach in
537:, but this is not well supported.
383:is widely distributed through the
25:
3874:
3259:
471:means "migrating" from the Latin
360:, which also includes many other
2880:10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00693.x
2848:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00507.x
2352:Koga, K.; Shiraishi, S. (1994).
2125:Agostini, N.; Duchi, A. (1994).
1749:. National Audubon Society. 2015
1647:Popular handbook of Indian birds
1550:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
1336:Check-list of Birds of the World
1276:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
1256:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
958:The species is not found in the
811:
793:
775:
757:
119:
3276:BirdLife species factsheet for
2615:Japanese Journal of Ornithology
2399:Japanese Journal of Ornithology
2031:
1987:
1948:
1846:
1735:
1710:
1683:
1607:
1420:Bird Conservation International
1180:BirdLife International (2020).
1061:Black kite catching fish, Nepal
882:
576:region of Northwest Africa, to
248:
3321:Audio recordings of Black kite
3183:American Ornithologists' Union
3072:"Pariah Kite with Double Bill"
2013:Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1978).
1832:"Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust"
1343:
1323:
1302:
1268:
1261:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1248:
853:
413:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
376:with a shrill whinnying call.
13:
1:
3858:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert
2741:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00021-5
2251:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00332-4
1600:Fauna of British India. Birds
1164:
540:
3848:Diurnal raptors of Australia
3317:at VIREO (Drexel University)
3243:(4): 156–160. Archived from
2821:10.1016/0006-3207(77)90001-5
2766:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
2702:Journal of Field Ornithology
2683:10.1016/0143-1471(86)90016-4
1817:10.1080/00063657.2013.876972
1351:Lacépède, Bernard Germain de
984:In India, the population of
7:
3843:Birds of the Gulf of Guinea
2988:Lal, Makund Behari (1939).
2209:at Delhi Zoological Park".
1692:"Milvus migrans black kite"
1288:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
1073:
457:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
10:
3879:
2836:African Journal of Ecology
2150:10.3727/015613894791748935
1973:10.2993/0278-0771-37.4.700
1724:. The Peregrine Fund. 2012
1416:on the Cape Verde Islands"
1373:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1280:Martinet, François-Nicolas
1198:: e.T181568721A181571544.
29:
3609:black-kite-milvus-migrans
3348:
3118:(Gray) with a split bill"
3112:Biswas, Biswamoy (1956).
3041:10.1007/s00436-007-0579-7
2900:Rivista di Parassitologia
2867:Journal of Animal Ecology
2778:10.7589/0090-3558-9.4.368
2595:10.3312/jyio1952.12.3_220
2444:10.1080/00063658909477025
2375:10.1080/00063659409477194
1571:Agoramoorthy, G. (2005).
1433:10.1017/S0959270900000319
1410:Milvus milvus fasciicauda
417:François-Nicolas Martinet
300:
293:
264:
255:
245:
240:
221:
214:
116:Scientific classification
114:
92:
83:
78:
66:
55:
46:
41:
3315:Black kite photo gallery
3307:Internet Bird Collection
2943:10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.83
1911:Hollands, David (1984).
933:small Indian/pariah kite
517:. They occur throughout
463:is the Latin word for a
438:in his catalogue of the
403:Systematics and taxonomy
3853:Birds described in 1783
3823:Birds of prey of Africa
3161:10.3312/jyio1952.14.143
3116:Milvus migrans lineatus
2898:(Boddaert), in India".
2809:Biological Conservation
2729:Biological Conservation
2642:Malhotra, A.K. (1990).
2467:Bustamante, J. (1994).
2393:Milvus migrans lineatus
2313:10.1126/science.1199422
2239:Biological Conservation
1961:Journal of Ethnobiology
1644:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
1597:Blanford, W.T. (1896).
1013:, household refuse and
935:), or the Australasian
580:and south to northwest
446:is France. The current
30:For the 2017 film, see
3229:Forsman, Dick (2003).
2646:Milvus migrans govinda
2576:Milvus migrans govinda
2358:in Nagasaki Peninsula"
1880:Narayanan, E. (1989).
1796:Jhala, Yadvendradev V.
1465:10.1098/rspb.2005.3098
1094:
1062:
895:
850:
671:east through tropical
623:to north India, north
588:. The head is whitish.
387:and tropical parts of
339:
3728:Paleobiology Database
3114:"A Large Indian Kite
3029:Parasitology Research
2551:10.1007/s002650050537
1284:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
1092:
1060:
1053:Flocking and roosting
996:Behaviour and ecology
890:
841:
334:
3578:Fauna Europaea (new)
3070:Rawal, U.M. (1971).
2043:Birds At First Sight
1938:Victorian Naturalist
1619:Encyclopedia of Life
1544:, eds. (July 2023).
1228:Raptors of the World
920:, respectively) are
715:Lesser Sunda Islands
632:
425:Edme-Louis Daubenton
352:) is a medium-sized
3838:Birds of Cape Verde
2305:2011Sci...331..327S
2131:) during migration"
1459:(1570): 1365–1371.
1146:are known and some
566:European black kite
440:Planches Enluminées
86:Conservation status
3451:BirdLife-Australia
3302:"Black kite media"
3006:10.1007/BF03039971
1997:. 12 January 2018.
1888:Halcyon smyrnensis
1540:; Donsker, David;
1502:) and black kite (
1132:Eurasian eagle-owl
1095:
1063:
896:
877:yellow-billed kite
851:
586:Sub-Saharan Africa
511:yellow-billed kite
488:Cape Verde Islands
482:has been known to
340:
282: Non-breeding
3795:
3794:
3342:Taxon identifiers
2628:10.3838/jjo.38.31
2412:10.3838/jjo.38.57
2299:(6015): 327–330.
2024:978-0-19-562063-4
1922:978-0-17-006411-8
1867:10.1111/mam.12060
1722:globalraptors.org
1657:978-1-4067-4576-4
1615:"Black Kite data"
1542:Rasmussen, Pamela
1414:Milvus m. migrans
1392:978-1-4081-2501-4
1241:978-0-7136-8026-3
1106:Mortality factors
1001:Food and foraging
969:mainland and the
839:
735:
701:
679:to Indochina and
656:small Indian kite
653:
603:
563:
329:
328:
308:
109:
72:
32:Black Kite (film)
16:(Redirected from
3870:
3828:Birds of Eurasia
3788:
3787:
3775:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3677:
3676:
3674:NHMSYS0000530481
3664:
3663:
3651:
3650:
3638:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3572:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3546:
3534:
3533:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3507:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3445:
3433:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3420:C1C255AA01C58664
3410:
3409:
3397:
3396:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3337:
3336:
3311:
3297:
3292:
3285:"Milvus migrans"
3255:
3253:
3252:
3225:
3210:
3208:
3178:
3165:
3163:
3154:(2–3): 143–150.
3130:
3129:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3076:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3035:(4): 1015–1018.
3024:
3018:
3017:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2964:
2954:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2508:. Archived from
2507:
2481:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2324:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2202:
2191:
2190:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2152:. Archived from
2135:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2010:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1696:Animal Diversity
1687:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1641:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1380:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:Boddaert, Pieter
1306:
1300:
1299:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1232:Christopher Helm
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1177:
979:Hawaiian Islands
967:South East Asian
941:fork-tailed kite
915:black-eared kite
840:
815:
797:
779:
761:
730:
727:M. m. formosanus
719:Papua New Guinea
704:fork-tailed kite
696:
648:
636:
606:black-eared kite
597:
557:
549:are recognised.
322:Milvus melanotis
306:
287:
281:
275:
269:
260:
227:
124:
123:
103:
98:
97:
74:
73:
51:
39:
38:
21:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3715:Observation.org
3713:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3633:
3628:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3602:
3594:
3589:
3581:
3576:
3568:
3563:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3524:
3516:
3511:
3503:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3413:
3405:
3400:
3392:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3344:
3300:
3283:
3262:
3250:
3248:
3138:
3136:Further reading
3133:
3110:
3106:
3091:10.2307/4083971
3074:
3068:
3064:
3025:
3021:
2986:
2982:
2966:
2965:
2923:
2919:
2892:
2888:
2859:
2855:
2832:
2828:
2805:
2801:
2762:
2758:
2725:
2721:
2694:
2690:
2667:
2663:
2640:
2636:
2607:
2603:
2570:
2566:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2479:
2465:
2461:
2424:
2420:
2387:
2383:
2350:
2346:
2289:
2285:
2262:
2258:
2234:
2230:
2203:
2194:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2133:
2123:
2119:
2096:
2092:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1953:
1949:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1909:
1905:
1878:
1874:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1792:
1788:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1684:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1642:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1591:
1580:Current Science
1575:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1535:
1531:
1494:
1490:
1445:
1441:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1371:
1367:
1348:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1307:
1303:
1292:"Le Milan noir"
1273:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1108:
1076:
1055:
1003:
998:
885:
856:
829:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
762:
681:Malay Peninsula
638:
543:
521:except for the
467:; the specific
429:Pieter Boddaert
405:
289:
285:
283:
279:
277:
273:
271:
267:
236:
229:
223:
210:
207:M. migrans
173:Accipitriformes
118:
110:
99:
95:
88:
68:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3833:Birds of Japan
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:Milvus-migrans
3776:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3678:
3665:
3652:
3639:
3626:
3613:
3600:
3587:
3574:
3565:Fauna Europaea
3561:
3548:
3535:
3522:
3509:
3505:milvus-migrans
3496:
3483:
3473:
3460:
3447:
3434:
3424:
3411:
3407:Milvus_migrans
3398:
3394:Milvus_migrans
3385:
3380:Milvus migrans
3370:
3354:
3352:
3350:Milvus migrans
3346:
3345:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3312:
3298:
3281:
3278:Milvus migrans
3273:
3268:
3261:
3260:External links
3258:
3257:
3256:
3226:
3224:(12): 486–488.
3211:
3199:(3): 847–858.
3179:
3166:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3104:
3062:
3019:
3000:(2): 111–200.
2980:
2917:
2906:(2): 113–116.
2896:Milvus migrans
2886:
2873:(2): 232–245.
2853:
2842:(2): 122–128.
2826:
2799:
2772:(4): 368–375.
2756:
2735:(3): 353–359.
2719:
2708:(2): 181–190.
2688:
2677:(4): 325–334.
2661:
2634:
2601:
2564:
2535:Milvus migrans
2525:
2490:(2): 176–184.
2471:Milvus migrans
2459:
2438:(3): 199–204.
2428:Milvus migrans
2418:
2381:
2356:Milvus migrans
2344:
2283:
2272:(4): 340–345.
2256:
2245:(3): 351–362.
2228:
2217:(3): 320–325.
2207:Milvus migrans
2192:
2169:
2129:Milvus migrans
2117:
2102:Milvus migrans
2090:
2069:Milvus migrans
2055:
2030:
2023:
2000:
1986:
1947:
1928:
1921:
1903:
1884:Milvus migrans
1872:
1861:(3): 160–174.
1845:
1823:
1786:
1759:
1734:
1709:
1682:
1679:(11): 465–470.
1663:
1656:
1631:
1606:
1589:
1563:
1529:
1516:(3): 351–365.
1488:
1439:
1426:(4): 361–369.
1398:
1391:
1365:
1342:
1322:
1301:
1267:
1247:
1240:
1218:
1184:Milvus migrans
1168:
1166:
1163:
1107:
1104:
1075:
1072:
1054:
1051:
1019:military slang
1002:
999:
997:
994:
945:United Kingdom
918:M. m. lineatus
884:
881:
855:
852:
827:
826:
817:
810:
808:
799:
792:
790:
783:M. m. lineatus
781:
774:
772:
763:
756:
753:
752:
741:
740:
723:
722:
707:
706:
689:
688:
664:
663:
641:
640:
609:
608:
594:M. m. lineatus
590:
589:
569:
568:
542:
539:
531:M. m. lineatus
475:"to migrate".
404:
401:
356:in the family
349:Milvus migrans
327:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
312:Milvus affinis
309:
307:Boddaert, 1783
298:
297:
291:
290:
284:
278:
276: Resident
272:
270: Breeding
266:
262:
261:
253:
252:
243:
242:
238:
237:
230:
225:Milvus migrans
219:
218:
212:
211:
204:
202:
198:
197:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
112:
111:
93:
90:
89:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
64:
63:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3875:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Kites (birds)
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3247:on 2015-04-02
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3236:Birding World
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:Birding World
3212:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3128:(3): 474–475.
3127:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2515:on 2011-07-20
2511:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2475:Milvus milvus
2472:
2463:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2189:(2): 337–346.
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2159:on 2016-03-03
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:Bird Behavior
2132:
2130:
2121:
2114:(1): 110–111.
2113:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:Holarct. Ecol
2070:
2066:
2065:Milvus milvus
2059:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:"Pariah kite
1876:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:Mammal Review
1849:
1833:
1827:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1673:Birding World
1667:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:Milvus milvus
1492:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1290:(1765–1783).
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
993:
990:
987:
986:M. m. govinda
982:
980:
977:, out to the
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:M. m. affinis
934:
930:
929:M. m. govinda
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
911:M. m. migrans
909:
905:
901:
894:
889:
880:
878:
874:
870:
865:
861:
849:
845:
824:
820:
819:M. m. affinis
814:
809:
806:
802:
801:M. m. govinda
796:
791:
788:
784:
778:
773:
770:
766:
765:M. m. migrans
760:
755:
754:
750:
746:
743:
742:
739:
733:
728:
725:
724:
720:
716:
713:and possibly
712:
709:
708:
705:
699:
694:
693:M. m. affinis
691:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
661:
657:
651:
646:
645:M. m. govinda
643:
642:
637:
630:
626:
622:
619:south around
618:
614:
611:
610:
607:
601:
595:
592:
591:
587:
584:. Winters in
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
567:
561:
555:
554:M. m. migrans
552:
551:
550:
548:
538:
536:
532:
528:
527:Sahara Desert
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:
449:
445:
444:type locality
441:
437:
436:Falco migrans
434:
433:binomial name
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
400:
398:
394:
391:and parts of
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
338:
333:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
305:
304:Falco migrans
302:
301:
299:
296:
292:
288: Passage
263:
259:
254:
251:
250:
244:
239:
234:
228:
226:
220:
217:
216:Binomial name
213:
209:
208:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
122:
117:
113:
107:
102:
101:Least Concern
91:
87:
82:
77:
65:
62:
58:
57:M. m. affinis
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3349:
3305:
3288:
3277:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:the original
3240:
3234:
3221:
3215:
3196:
3190:
3174:
3170:
3151:
3147:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3107:
3082:
3078:
3065:
3032:
3028:
3022:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2969:cite journal
2937:(2): 83–86.
2934:
2930:
2920:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2621:(1): 31–42.
2618:
2614:
2604:
2588:(3): 82–86.
2585:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2545:(1): 33–45.
2542:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2517:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2487:
2483:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2405:(2): 57–66.
2402:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2368:(1): 29–36.
2365:
2361:
2355:
2347:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2154:the original
2141:
2137:
2128:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2045:. 2022-09-25
2042:
2033:
2014:
1989:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1826:
1807:
1803:
1789:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1751:. Retrieved
1746:
1737:
1726:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1685:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1646:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1549:
1532:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1376:
1368:
1358:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1314:
1304:
1295:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1227:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1195:
1189:
1183:
1161:subspecies.
1158:
1154:
1152:
1140:Italian Alps
1135:
1129:
1109:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1047:baya weavers
1039:
1004:
991:
985:
983:
971:Wallace Line
965:between the
957:
953:Lincolnshire
948:
940:
936:
932:
928:
917:
914:
910:
902:and central
897:
883:Distribution
857:
818:
800:
782:
764:
737:
726:
703:
692:
684:
659:
655:
644:
635:carpal patch
629:Persian Gulf
605:
593:
565:
553:
544:
534:
530:
515:M. aegyptius
514:
498:
494:
492:
477:
472:
468:
460:
450:
439:
435:
420:
412:
406:
378:
367:
358:Accipitridae
354:bird of prey
348:
347:
343:
341:
321:
316:
311:
303:
246:
224:
222:
206:
205:
193:
183:Accipitridae
56:
36:
3617:iNaturalist
3374:Wikispecies
2750:10261/64776
2505:10261/46920
2453:10261/46912
2322:10261/37071
1747:Audubon.org
1556:3 September
1538:Gill, Frank
1498:"Red kite (
1331:Mayr, Ernst
1211:13 November
963:archipelago
854:Description
751:; resident.
738:Taiwan kite
660:pariah kite
535:M. lineatus
523:Congo Basin
431:coined the
393:Australasia
317:Milvus ater
241:Subspecies
42:Black kite
3802:Categories
3780:Xeno-canto
3697:black-kite
3456:black-kite
3325:Xeno-canto
3251:2015-03-23
3085:(1): 166.
2815:(3): 163.
2519:2010-07-03
2432:Bird Study
2362:Bird Study
2163:2010-07-03
2049:2022-09-25
1967:(4): 700.
1944:: 180–188.
1915:. Nelson.
1838:22 January
1810:(1): 1–8.
1804:Bird Study
1775:(4): 552.
1753:2021-10-21
1728:2021-10-21
1702:21 October
1504:M. migrans
1230:. London:
1165:References
1144:trematodes
1125:birdstrike
1023:shite-hawk
960:Indonesian
908:subspecies
658:(formerly
600:J. E. Gray
547:subspecies
541:Subspecies
507:allopatric
379:The black
374:vociferous
344:black kite
337:Bangladesh
18:Black Kite
3863:Firehawks
3661:181568721
2658:(3): 458.
2144:: 45–48.
2079:: 62–71.
1900:(3): 445.
1586:(5): 727.
1316:enluminés
1136:Bubo bubo
1115:or other
922:migratory
860:red kites
823:Australia
677:Sri Lanka
625:Indochina
578:Tien Shan
509:species:
499:aegyptius
495:parasitus
484:hybridize
459:in 1799.
385:temperate
201:Species:
139:Kingdom:
133:Eukaryota
61:Australia
3741:Species+
3635:10458086
3443:22734972
3438:BirdLife
3427:BioLib:
3359:Wikidata
3185:(2000).
3049:17514481
3014:81103601
2961:18552543
2794:37028748
2559:44011901
2339:13925885
2331:21252345
1981:90806420
1483:16006325
1353:(1799).
1312:(1783).
1258:(1770).
1159:lineatus
1127:hazard.
1121:airports
1117:roadkill
1080:monsoons
1074:Breeding
1042:thermals
949:lineatus
900:European
844:Kanagawa
711:Sulawesi
669:Pakistan
667:Eastern
621:Himalaya
617:Amurland
582:Pakistan
560:Boddaert
525:and the
480:red kite
465:red kite
370:thermals
295:Synonyms
233:Boddaert
179:Family:
153:Chordata
149:Phylum:
143:Animalia
129:Domain:
106:IUCN 3.1
3596:5229167
3518:blakit1
3479:blakit1
3415:Avibase
3289:Avibase
3099:4083971
3079:The Auk
2952:2532613
2912:5529542
2786:4150320
2714:4513623
2301:Bibcode
2293:Science
1624:Dec 30,
1474:1560339
1155:govinda
1148:Digenea
1113:rodents
1068:govinda
1035:rodents
1021:as the
1015:carrion
1007:buoyant
975:Pacific
906:birds (
864:plumage
613:Siberia
602:, 1831)
574:Maghreb
562:, 1783)
473:migrare
469:migrans
419:in the
411:in his
397:Oceania
389:Eurasia
362:diurnal
247:5, see
235:, 1783)
189:Genus:
169:Order:
159:Class:
104: (
3813:Milvus
3772:212678
3733:368606
3704:NZOR:
3694:NZBO:
3648:175469
3552:EURING
3531:MLVSMI
3365:Q80362
3097:
3057:733816
3055:
3047:
3012:
2959:
2949:
2910:
2792:
2784:
2712:
2557:
2337:
2329:
2021:
1979:
1919:
1654:
1481:
1471:
1389:
1238:
1033:, and
926:Indian
749:Hainan
745:Taiwan
734:, 1920
732:Kuroda
700:, 1838
685:pariah
652:, 1832
519:Africa
461:Milvus
452:Milvus
442:. The
286:
280:
274:
268:
194:Milvus
79:Calls
3767:WoRMS
3759:10719
3687:52810
3630:IRMNG
3570:96688
3539:EUNIS
3513:eBird
3492:43DZH
3476:BOW:
3469:16400
3177:: 14.
3095:JSTOR
3075:(PDF)
3053:S2CID
3010:S2CID
2790:S2CID
2710:JSTOR
2555:S2CID
2513:(PDF)
2480:(PDF)
2335:S2CID
2157:(PDF)
2134:(PDF)
1977:S2CID
1576:(PDF)
1027:birds
904:Asian
893:Nepal
848:Japan
805:India
787:Japan
769:Spain
698:Gould
673:India
650:Sykes
545:Five
503:clade
448:genus
3746:9813
3682:NCBI
3656:IUCN
3643:ITIS
3622:5268
3591:GBIF
3557:2380
3544:1143
3526:EPPO
3464:BOLD
3430:8504
3045:PMID
2975:link
2957:PMID
2908:PMID
2782:PMID
2537:)".
2484:Ibis
2473:and
2327:PMID
2266:Ibis
2211:Ibis
2071:)".
2067:and
2019:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1840:2013
1769:Ibis
1704:2021
1652:ISBN
1626:2022
1558:2023
1479:PMID
1412:and
1387:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1213:2021
1196:2020
1157:and
1093:Eggs
1031:bats
1011:fish
913:and
873:gape
871:and
869:cere
747:and
675:and
497:and
478:The
395:and
381:kite
342:The
249:text
163:Aves
3754:TSA
3720:364
3669:NBN
3604:IBC
3500:CMS
3487:CoL
3402:AFD
3389:ADW
3323:on
3201:doi
3197:117
3192:Auk
3156:doi
3087:doi
3037:doi
3033:101
3002:doi
2947:PMC
2939:doi
2875:doi
2844:doi
2817:doi
2774:doi
2745:hdl
2737:doi
2679:doi
2623:doi
2590:doi
2547:doi
2500:hdl
2492:doi
2488:136
2448:hdl
2440:doi
2430:".
2407:doi
2370:doi
2317:hdl
2309:doi
2297:331
2274:doi
2270:134
2247:doi
2243:112
2219:doi
2215:121
2146:doi
2081:doi
1969:doi
1863:doi
1812:doi
1777:doi
1773:113
1518:doi
1469:PMC
1461:doi
1457:272
1428:doi
1383:255
1200:doi
615:to
490:).
335:in
3804::
3782::
3769::
3756::
3743::
3730::
3717::
3684::
3671::
3658::
3645::
3632::
3619::
3606::
3593::
3580::
3567::
3554::
3541::
3528::
3515::
3502::
3489::
3466::
3453::
3440::
3417::
3404::
3391::
3376::
3361::
3304:.
3287:.
3241:16
3239:.
3233:.
3222:18
3220:.
3195:.
3189:.
3173:.
3152:14
3150:.
3146:.
3126:53
3124:.
3120:.
3093:.
3083:88
3081:.
3077:.
3051:.
3043:.
3031:.
3008:.
2998:10
2996:.
2992:.
2971:}}
2967:{{
2955:.
2945:.
2935:46
2933:.
2929:.
2904:31
2902:.
2871:72
2869:.
2865:.
2840:42
2838:.
2813:11
2811:.
2788:.
2780:.
2768:.
2743:.
2733:95
2731:.
2706:62
2704:.
2700:.
2675:42
2673:.
2656:87
2654:.
2650:.
2619:38
2617:.
2613:.
2586:12
2584:.
2580:.
2553:.
2543:45
2541:.
2498:.
2486:.
2482:.
2446:.
2436:56
2434:.
2403:38
2401:.
2397:.
2366:41
2364:.
2360:.
2333:.
2325:.
2315:.
2307:.
2295:.
2268:.
2241:.
2213:.
2195:^
2187:82
2185:.
2181:.
2142:10
2140:.
2136:.
2112:88
2110:.
2106:.
2077:13
2075:.
2041:.
2003:^
1975:.
1965:37
1963:.
1959:.
1942:88
1940:.
1898:86
1896:.
1892:.
1859:46
1857:.
1808:61
1806:.
1802:.
1771:.
1745:.
1720:.
1694:.
1677:19
1675:.
1634:^
1617:.
1584:89
1582:.
1578:.
1548:.
1514:69
1512:.
1508:.
1477:.
1467:.
1455:.
1451:.
1424:10
1422:.
1418:.
1385:.
1357:.
1294:.
1286:;
1282:;
1278:;
1234:.
1194:.
1188:.
1172:^
1029:,
981:.
955:.
846:,
821:,
803:,
785:,
767:,
736::
729:–
717:;
702::
695:–
654::
647:–
604::
596:–
564::
556:–
513:,
59:,
3327:.
3310:.
3291:.
3254:.
3209:.
3203::
3175:6
3164:.
3158::
3101:.
3089::
3059:.
3039::
3016:.
3004::
2977:)
2963:.
2941::
2914:.
2883:.
2877::
2850:.
2846::
2823:.
2819::
2796:.
2776::
2770:9
2753:.
2747::
2739::
2716:.
2685:.
2681::
2648:"
2631:.
2625::
2598:.
2592::
2578:"
2561:.
2549::
2522:.
2502::
2494::
2456:.
2450::
2442::
2415:.
2409::
2378:.
2372::
2341:.
2319::
2311::
2303::
2280:.
2276::
2253:.
2249::
2225:.
2221::
2166:.
2148::
2104:"
2087:.
2083::
2052:.
2027:.
1983:.
1971::
1925:.
1890:"
1869:.
1865::
1842:.
1820:.
1814::
1783:.
1779::
1756:.
1731:.
1706:.
1660:.
1628:.
1560:.
1526:.
1520::
1485:.
1463::
1436:.
1430::
1395:.
1244:.
1215:.
1202::
1186:"
1182:"
1134:(
939:(
931:(
662:)
639:.
598:(
558:(
346:(
231:(
108:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
