143:
4436:
4447:
585:.) Unlike previous versions of Windows, Vista's "diskpart" command-line tool includes the ability to shrink the size of an NTFS volume so that this volume may be created from already allocated space. A tool called the BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool is also available from Microsoft that allows an existing volume on Windows Vista to be shrunk to make room for a new boot volume and for the necessary
604:(EFS) may be used in conjunction with BitLocker to provide protection once the operating system is running. Protection of the files from processes and users within the operating system can only be performed using encryption software that operates within Windows, such as EFS. BitLocker and EFS, therefore, offer protection against different classes of attacks.
38:
522:: The user must insert a USB device that contains a startup key into the computer to be able to boot the protected OS. Note that this mode requires that the BIOS on the protected machine supports the reading of USB devices in the pre-OS environment. BitLocker does not support smart cards for pre-boot authentication.
786:
Starting with
Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, Microsoft removed the Elephant Diffuser from the BitLocker scheme for no declared reason. Dan Rosendorf's research shows that removing the Elephant Diffuser had an "undeniably negative impact" on the security of BitLocker encryption against a targeted
473:
In
September 2019 a new update was released (KB4516071) changing the default setting for BitLocker when encrypting a self-encrypting hard drive. Now, the default is to use software encryption for newly encrypted drives. This is due to hardware encryption flaws and security concerns related to those
215:
architecture in 2004 as a feature tentatively codenamed "Cornerstone" and was designed to protect information on devices, particularly if a device was lost or stolen. Another feature, titled "Code
Integrity Rooting", was designed to validate the integrity of Microsoft Windows boot and system files.
597:
are configured. The volume is then encrypted as a background task, something that may take a considerable amount of time with a large disk as every logical sector is read, encrypted and rewritten back to disk. The keys are only protected after the whole volume has been encrypted when the volume is
410:
Starting with
Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8, Microsoft has complemented BitLocker with the Microsoft Encrypted Hard Drive specification, which allows the cryptographic operations of BitLocker encryption to be offloaded to the storage device's hardware. In addition, BitLocker can now be managed
375:
volume. Starting with
Windows Vista with Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008, volumes other than the operating system volume could be encrypted using the graphical tool. Still, some aspects of the BitLocker (such as turning autolocking on or off) had to be managed through a command-line tool
493:
is sealed (encrypted) by the TPM chip and will only be released to the OS loader code if the early boot files appear to be unmodified. The pre-OS components of BitLocker achieve this by implementing a Static Root of Trust
Measurement—a methodology specified by the
615:. Once the malicious bootloader captures the secret, it can decrypt the Volume Master Key (VMK), which would then allow access to decrypt or modify any information on an encrypted hard disk. By configuring a TPM to protect the trusted boot pathway, including the
607:
In Active
Directory environments, BitLocker supports optional key escrow to Active Directory, although a schema update may be required for this to work (i.e. if the Active Directory Services are hosted on a Windows version previous to Windows Server 2008).
220:(TPM), BitLocker can validate the integrity of boot and system files before decrypting a protected volume; an unsuccessful validation will prohibit access to a protected system. BitLocker was briefly called Secure Startup before Windows Vista's
566:, the whole drive or more than one drive.) When enabled, TPM and BitLocker can ensure the integrity of the trusted boot path (e.g. BIOS and boot sector), in order to prevent most offline physical attacks and boot sector malware.
592:
Once an alternate boot partition has been created, the TPM module needs to be initialized (assuming that this feature is being used), after which the required disk-encryption key protection mechanisms such as TPM, PIN or
450:
requires Pro editions of
Windows), allowing it to be retrieved from any computer. While device encryption is offered on all editions of Windows 8.1, unlike BitLocker, device encryption requires that the device meet the
1697:
598:
considered secure. BitLocker uses a low-level device driver to encrypt and decrypt all file operations, making interaction with the encrypted volume transparent to applications running on the platform.
2735:
748:
agents also put pressure on them in numerous meetings to add a backdoor, although no formal, written request was ever made; Microsoft engineers eventually suggested that agents should look for the
1012:
795:
encryption algorithm to BitLocker. Starting with
Windows 10 version 1803, Microsoft added a new feature called "Kernel Direct Memory access (DMA) Protection" to BitLocker, to protect against
640:
The "Transparent operation mode" and "User authentication mode" of BitLocker use TPM hardware to detect whether there are unauthorized changes to the pre-boot environment, including the
978:
648:. If any unauthorized changes are detected, BitLocker requests a recovery key on a USB device. This cryptographic secret is used to decrypt the Volume Master Key (VMK) and allow the
660:" that allows full disk encryption systems such as BitLocker to be compromised by booting the machine from removable media, such as a USB drive, into another operating system, then
811:
Device, which can in turn write directly to the memory and bypass the
Windows login. To protect again this type of attack, Microsoft introduced "Virtualization-based Security".
690:
On 10 November 2015, Microsoft released a security update to mitigate a security vulnerability in BitLocker that allowed authentication to be bypassed by employing a malicious
697:
BitLocker still does not properly support TPM 2.0 security features which, as a result, can lead to a complete bypass of privacy protection when keys are transmitted over
29:
2455:
1805:
1108:
1515:
675:, described in US Patent 9,514,789, can accomplish this type of attack. Similar full disk encryption mechanisms of other vendors and other operating systems, including
1705:
506:
by an attacker. It is also vulnerable to a sniffing attack, as the volume encryption key is transferred in plain text from the TPM to the CPU during a successful boot.
489:: This mode uses the capabilities of TPM 1.2 hardware to provide for transparent user experience—the user powers up and logs into Windows as usual. The key used for
1883:
1831:
2624:
1220:
1418:
2715:
2656:
1857:
683:, are vulnerable to the same attack. The authors recommend that computers be powered down when not in physical control of the owner (rather than be left in a
188:
1779:
1728:
694:
key distribution center, if the attacker had physical access to the machine, the machine was part of a domain and had no PIN or USB flash drive protection.
2513:
573:-formatted volumes are required: one for the operating system (usually C:) and another with a minimum size of 100 MB, which remains unencrypted and
1024:
740:
expressed concern over the lack of a backdoor and tried entering into talks with Microsoft to get one introduced. Microsoft developer and cryptographer
2068:
803:
ports. "Kernel Direct Memory access (DMA) Protection" only protects against attacks through Thunderbolt. Direct Memory Access is also possible through
2925:
2683:
2428:
1354:
1168:
1138:
818:, which could allow an attacker to bypass BitLocker encryption when an affected TPM chip is used. The flaw is the Return of Coppersmith's Attack or
1549:
5419:
2535:
5638:
946:
3451:
3601:
1247:
986:
1081:
1053:
466:
Starting with Windows 10 1703, the requirements for device encryption have changed, requiring a TPM 1.2 or 2.0 module with PCR 7 support,
442:
with administrative privileges automatically begins the encryption process. The recovery key is stored to either the Microsoft account or
117:
3466:
705:
All these attacks require physical access to the system and are thwarted by a secondary protector such as a USB flash drive or PIN code.
1449:
4484:
3631:
2708:
1974:
1584:
1942:
1670:
916:
1753:
788:
4983:
4973:
383:
The version of BitLocker included in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 Release 2 adds the ability to encrypt removable drives. On
5163:
3288:
1914:
1322:
882:
791:(FIPS), to justify the diffuser's removal. Starting with Windows 10 version 1511, however, Microsoft added a new FIPS-compliant
2173:"Systems and methods for safely moving short term memory devices while preserving, protecting and examining their digital data"
1386:
830:
and TPMs. Microsoft released an updated version of the firmware for Infineon TPM chips that fixes the flaw via Windows Update.
1296:
5509:
4322:
2701:
2043:
2010:
854:
363:
212:
3981:
2462:
2250:
1618:
4451:
2724:
844:
2100:
1270:
3701:
3341:
2760:
231:
5117:
3873:
3782:
3298:
2930:
2601:
2223:
387:
or Windows Vista, read-only access to these drives can be achieved through a program called BitLocker To Go Reader, if
235:
2142:
512:: This mode requires that the user provide some authentication to the pre-boot environment in the form of a pre-boot
624:
2514:"Blocking the SBP-2 driver and Thunderbolt controllers to reduce 1394 DMA and Thunderbolt DMA threats to BitLocker"
333:
101:
5633:
3621:
3564:
3526:
3511:
745:
5414:
5137:
4477:
4367:
3949:
3476:
1644:
849:
513:
5132:
3491:
839:
2300:
774:
Since 2020, BitLocker's method and data structure is public knowledge due to reverse engineering; the Linux
744:
denied the backdoor request and said, "over my dead body". Microsoft engineers have said that United States
5603:
5243:
4332:
4201:
3888:
3878:
3752:
3656:
3516:
2873:
2828:
665:
176:
5554:
5158:
4740:
4440:
3808:
3767:
3666:
3521:
3318:
3033:
2983:
1484:
698:
623:, BitLocker can mitigate this threat. (Note that some non-malicious changes to the boot path may cause a
4922:
4917:
4030:
3910:
3616:
3115:
2755:
2748:
2743:
1561:
771:
should be secure, even if everything about the system, except the encryption key, is public knowledge.
526:
The following combinations of the above authentication mechanisms are supported, all with an optional
5598:
5283:
5278:
5218:
4470:
4362:
4327:
3757:
3747:
3686:
3596:
3486:
3456:
3105:
2803:
1146:
760:
586:
2383:
5643:
5309:
4462:
3727:
3671:
3651:
3496:
3265:
3150:
3040:
792:
722:
672:
221:
106:
721:; however, the code is available for scrutiny by Microsoft partners and enterprises, subject to a
482:
Three authentication mechanisms can be used as building blocks to implement BitLocker encryption:
142:
4312:
4307:
4151:
4146:
4106:
4066:
4016:
3762:
3506:
3501:
3376:
3351:
3313:
3283:
3233:
3045:
2968:
2893:
2813:
2788:
2488:
2356:
815:
495:
217:
184:
2137:; Clarkson, William; Paul, William; Calandrino, Joseph A.; Feldman, Ariel J.; Appelbaum, Jacob;
5628:
4871:
4589:
4496:
4292:
4256:
3868:
3853:
3611:
3569:
3461:
3391:
3308:
3293:
2888:
601:
156:
2409:
5577:
5082:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4421:
4241:
4186:
4126:
4111:
3920:
3591:
3546:
3403:
3356:
1194:
180:
759:
Niels Ferguson's position that "back doors are simply not acceptable" is in accordance with
671:
for up to several minutes (or even longer, if cooled) after the power has been removed. The
5572:
5567:
5465:
5233:
4876:
4406:
4401:
4246:
4216:
4181:
4071:
3777:
3772:
3676:
3626:
3584:
3554:
3441:
3028:
2993:
2940:
2878:
2151:
1596:
729:
718:
687:) and that the encryption software be configured to require a password to boot the machine.
438:, a feature-limited version of BitLocker that encrypts the whole system. Logging in with a
350:
2688:
2327:
2193:
8:
5613:
5608:
5364:
5142:
5087:
4594:
4347:
4206:
4161:
4136:
4091:
4037:
3836:
3691:
3574:
3023:
3008:
2948:
2868:
2838:
691:
578:
353:
338:
261:
569:
In order for BitLocker to encrypt the volume holding the operating system, at least two
5623:
5618:
5069:
5059:
4810:
4352:
4302:
4076:
3995:
3900:
3606:
3446:
3413:
3386:
3381:
3228:
3055:
2958:
2953:
2853:
2172:
819:
764:
645:
559:
427:
412:
196:
172:
814:
In October 2017, it was reported that a flaw enabled private keys to be inferred from
5334:
4735:
4652:
4641:
4493:
4416:
4342:
4297:
4196:
4191:
4166:
4121:
4086:
3956:
3260:
3070:
2903:
2049:
2039:
2016:
2006:
1947:
1919:
1454:
1423:
1359:
1327:
887:
728:
According to Microsoft sources, BitLocker does not contain an intentionally built-in
460:
456:
439:
371:
Initially, the graphical BitLocker interface in Windows Vista could only encrypt the
326:
160:
94:
778:
program is capable of reading and writing BitLocker-protected drives given the key.
717:, its implementation in BitLocker, as well as other components of the software, are
656:
In February 2008, a group of security researchers published details of a so-called "
37:
5539:
5077:
4907:
4780:
4526:
4357:
4266:
4101:
4044:
4002:
3863:
3831:
3787:
3742:
3661:
3421:
3218:
3095:
3085:
2848:
2843:
2069:"Prevent data theft with Windows Vista's Encrypted File System (EFS) and BitLocker"
1300:
1020:
657:
499:
467:
447:
443:
372:
345:
321:
89:
1806:"ProtectKeyWithTPMAndPINAndStartupKey method of the Win32_EncryptableVolume class"
5499:
5473:
5228:
5127:
5054:
5003:
4993:
4968:
4881:
4866:
4790:
4714:
4393:
4276:
4251:
4236:
4226:
4176:
4171:
3925:
3559:
3275:
3140:
3130:
3075:
3060:
2918:
2808:
2579:
2078:
1516:"Windows 8.1 includes seamless, automatic disk encryption—if your PC supports it"
733:
563:
490:
2275:
5529:
5122:
5097:
5044:
5024:
4988:
4963:
4953:
4943:
4851:
4846:
4631:
4599:
4563:
4558:
4553:
3883:
3426:
3238:
3213:
3145:
3013:
2988:
2963:
2913:
2883:
2793:
2693:
2134:
787:
attack. Microsoft later cited performance concerns, and noncompliance with the
753:
741:
668:
5592:
5504:
5193:
5029:
4998:
4820:
4815:
4709:
4646:
4604:
4548:
4500:
4372:
4231:
4131:
3471:
3431:
3208:
3183:
3175:
3110:
2978:
2778:
2138:
2053:
2020:
1884:"ProtectKeyWithNumericalPassword method of the Win32_EncryptableVolume class"
800:
714:
416:
239:
164:
2634:
1832:"ProtectKeyWithTPMAndStartupKey method of the Win32_EncryptableVolume class"
1525:
947:"AES-CBC + Elephant Diffuser: A Disk Encryption Algorithm for Windows Vista"
470:, and that the device meets Modern Standby requirements or HSTI validation.
5524:
5519:
5319:
5314:
5039:
4841:
4542:
4141:
4096:
4023:
3988:
3696:
3646:
3436:
3188:
3135:
3100:
3018:
2998:
2818:
2798:
2629:
2073:
1592:
1520:
974:
768:
582:
5344:
5173:
4825:
4765:
4511:
4211:
4156:
4061:
3915:
3803:
3681:
3536:
3328:
3303:
2898:
2625:"Millions of high-security crypto keys crippled by newly discovered flaw"
2130:
1729:"Using BitLocker with other programs FAQ (Windows 10) - Windows security"
808:
804:
737:
620:
253:
200:
199:. CBC is not used over the whole disk; it is applied to each individual
5374:
5273:
5263:
4521:
4116:
3940:
3481:
3371:
3245:
3165:
3090:
2908:
2456:"Bitlocker: A little about the internals and what changed in Windows 8"
1858:"ProtectKeyWithExternalKey method of the Win32_EncryptableVolume class"
796:
775:
684:
527:
431:
384:
291:
274:
268:
168:
59:
43:
2384:"Did the FBI Lean On Microsoft for Access to Its Encryption Software?"
2251:"No Back Doors: Microsoft Opens Windows Source Code to EU Governments"
736:
to have guaranteed access to the data on a user's drive. In 2006, the
611:
BitLocker and other full disk encryption systems can be attacked by a
5549:
5258:
4636:
3732:
3366:
3255:
3203:
2973:
2557:
2201:
1952:
1915:"BitLocker Drive Encryption in Windows 7: Frequently Asked Questions"
1780:"ProtectKeyWithTPMAndPIN method of the Win32_EncryptableVolume class"
1557:
1492:
1459:
1428:
1396:
1364:
1332:
1116:
1077:
1049:
982:
892:
859:
827:
749:
661:
452:
296:
249:
243:
64:
4615:
4492:
1671:"Flaws in self-encrypting SSDs let attackers bypass disk encryption"
664:
the contents of pre-boot memory. The attack relies on the fact that
5445:
5404:
5384:
5379:
5369:
5354:
5339:
5304:
5299:
5213:
5208:
5183:
5178:
5107:
5102:
4958:
4927:
4891:
4886:
4856:
4800:
4770:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4663:
4317:
4221:
4081:
3841:
3706:
3336:
3193:
3080:
3065:
3003:
2863:
2823:
823:
713:
Although the AES encryption algorithm used in BitLocker is in the
399:
filesystems are used. In addition, a new command-line tool called
5544:
5478:
5450:
5440:
5435:
5409:
5399:
5394:
5349:
5329:
5268:
5253:
5248:
5223:
5203:
5188:
5049:
4668:
4610:
4516:
4337:
4271:
4009:
3895:
3858:
3846:
3531:
3250:
3223:
3198:
3160:
3155:
2858:
2783:
2580:"Securing BitLocker: Initial Setup and Defending Against Attacks"
2489:"Microsoft Gives Details About Its Controversial Disk Encryption"
649:
612:
594:
574:
503:
28:
3125:
5534:
5483:
5455:
5324:
5238:
5092:
5008:
4978:
4948:
4785:
4730:
4626:
4579:
4411:
4261:
3930:
3711:
3636:
3050:
2128:
1754:"ProtectKeyWithTPM method of the Win32_EncryptableVolume class"
917:"Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption Frequently Asked Questions"
807:. In this type of attack an attacker would connect a malicious
581:, however, the volume's minimum size is 1.5 GB and must have a
2657:"Infineon says has fixed encryption flaw found by researchers"
5514:
5389:
5359:
5198:
5034:
4912:
4861:
4805:
4775:
4673:
4657:
4620:
4584:
4377:
3813:
3641:
3346:
3120:
2833:
1675:
1082:"Secure Startup – Full Volume Encryption: Executive Overview"
680:
676:
396:
392:
388:
826:
and had been in widespread use in security products such as
5168:
5112:
3905:
3579:
3398:
3361:
1391:
1054:"Secure Startup–Full Volume Encryption: Technical Overview"
641:
616:
570:
3823:
2331:
2101:"Keys to Protecting Data with BitLocker Drive Encryption"
1702:
Data Encryption Toolkit for Mobile PCs: Security Analysis
756:
that the BitLocker program suggests that its users make.
192:
1479:
1477:
419:
in its Enterprise edition, which BitLocker can protect.
2036:
Introducing Windows 8: An Overview for IT professionals
1943:"Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption Step-by-Step Guide"
652:
process to continue. However, TPM alone is not enough:
2144:
Lest We Remember: Cold Boot Attacks on Encryption Keys
627:
check to fail, and thereby generate a false warning.)
2382:
Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (September 11, 2013).
2381:
1975:"Description of the BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool"
1474:
189:-based Tweaked codebook mode with ciphertext Stealing
1645:"September 24, 2019—KB4516071 (OS Build 16299.1420)"
1044:
1042:
577:
the operating system. (In case of Windows Vista and
1619:"BitLocker drive encryption in Windows 10 for OEMs"
1013:"Pre-PDC Exclusive: Windows Vista Product Editions"
708:
2224:"From Stolen Laptop to Inside the Company Network"
2194:"Microsoft Security Bulletin MS15-122 – Important"
883:"What's new in Windows 10, versions 1507 and 1511"
1070:
1039:
5590:
2723:
1550:"Help protect your files with device encryption"
1221:"Finding your BitLocker recovery key in Windows"
767:in the 19th century, the principle holds that a
969:
967:
258:Windows Embedded Standard 7 and Windows Thin PC
2092:
1544:
1542:
1323:"Enabling BitLocker by Using the Command Line"
1103:
1101:
211:BitLocker originated as a part of Microsoft's
167:. It is designed to protect data by providing
16:Disk encryption software for Microsoft Windows
4478:
2709:
2684:BitLocker Drive Encryption Technical Overview
1213:
1187:
1139:"BitLocker Drive Encryption in Windows Vista"
1004:
562:encryption system. (A volume spans part of a
2124:
2122:
2005:(1 ed.). Microsoft Press. p. 307.
2000:
1161:
964:
732:, so there is no Microsoft-provided way for
502:, as it allows a powered-down machine to be
2616:
1539:
1450:"Windows To Go: Frequently Asked Questions"
1098:
763:. Stated by Netherlands-born cryptographer
273:Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions of
267:Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions of
216:When used in conjunction with a compatible
4485:
4471:
4446:
2716:
2702:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1704:. Microsoft. April 4, 2007. Archived from
1513:
876:
874:
635:
141:
2536:"Kernel DMA Protection for Thunderbolt 3"
2453:
2325:
2119:
1131:
1076:
1048:
940:
938:
434:and core editions of Windows 8.1 include
2248:
1582:
1271:"Advances in BitLocker Drive Encryption"
1245:
1010:
944:
822:which is in a code library developed by
789:Federal Information Processing Standards
2654:
2357:"Microsoft: Vista won't get a backdoor"
1989:
1902:
1668:
1514:Cunningham, Andrew (October 17, 2013).
1297:"Description of BitLocker To Go Reader"
979:"Next-Generation Secure Computing Base"
871:
5591:
2622:
2407:
2326:Stone-Lee, Ollie (February 16, 2006).
2003:Exam Ref 70-687: Configuring Windows 8
2001:Andrew, Bettany; Halsey, Mike (2013).
973:
935:
880:
42:BitLocker Drive Encryption utility on
5639:Microsoft Windows security technology
4466:
4323:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
2697:
2655:Busvine, Douglas (October 16, 2017).
2354:
2350:
2348:
2098:
2033:
1669:Cimpanu, Catalin (November 5, 2018).
1589:Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows
1268:
1169:"BitLocker Drive Encryption Overview"
911:
909:
855:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
213:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
2408:Trefny, Vojtech (January 25, 2020).
1011:Thurrott, Paul (September 9, 2005).
845:List of Microsoft Windows components
630:
498:(TCG). This mode is vulnerable to a
422:
3452:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
2486:
2328:"UK holds Microsoft security talks"
1726:
1387:"Encrypted Hard Drive Device Guide"
1246:Yegulalp, Serdar (August 7, 2007).
477:
13:
3783:User Interface Privilege Isolation
2411:BitLocker disk encryption on Linux
2345:
2099:Byron, Hynes (September 7, 2016).
2066:
1269:Hynes, Byron (September 8, 2016).
906:
881:Hakala, Trudy (January 29, 2020).
14:
5655:
2677:
781:
459:) specifications, which requires
4445:
4435:
4434:
2623:Goodin, Dan (October 16, 2017).
2249:Thurrott, Paul (June 10, 2015).
2067:Ou, George (February 28, 2007).
709:Upholding Kerckhoffs's principle
415:. Finally, Windows 8 introduced
36:
27:
3512:Remote Differential Compression
2648:
2594:
2572:
2550:
2528:
2506:
2480:
2454:Rosendorf, Dan (May 23, 2013).
2447:
2421:
2401:
2375:
2319:
2293:
2268:
2242:
2216:
2186:
2165:
2060:
2027:
1967:
1935:
1923:. Microsoft. September 12, 2012
1876:
1850:
1824:
1798:
1772:
1746:
1720:
1690:
1662:
1637:
1611:
1583:Thurrott, Paul (June 4, 2013).
1576:
1507:
1442:
1411:
1379:
1347:
1315:
1289:
1262:
1239:
945:Ferguson, Niels (August 2006).
746:Federal Bureau of Investigation
625:Platform Configuration Register
589:files to be transferred to it.
248:Pro and Enterprise editions of
4368:Windows System Assessment Tool
2355:Evers, Joris (March 6, 2006).
1977:. Microsoft. December 21, 2011
1248:"Vista's BitLocker Encryption"
1175:. Microsoft. November 17, 2009
850:Windows Vista I/O technologies
1:
2516:. Microsoft. November 7, 2018
1195:"Compare Windows 10 Editions"
865:
840:Features new to Windows Vista
3657:Open XML Paper Specification
3517:Remote Installation Services
2725:Microsoft Windows components
1698:"BitLocker Drive Encryption"
1585:"In Blue: Device Encryption"
553:
177:Advanced Encryption Standard
7:
3809:Windows Subsystem for Linux
3768:Mandatory Integrity Control
3522:Windows Deployment Services
3319:Wireless Zero Configuration
2604:. Microsoft. March 20, 2023
2538:. Microsoft. March 26, 2019
2487:Lee, Micah (June 4, 2015).
1890:. Microsoft. March 31, 2018
1864:. Microsoft. March 31, 2018
1838:. Microsoft. March 31, 2018
1812:. Microsoft. March 31, 2018
1786:. Microsoft. March 31, 2018
1760:. Microsoft. March 31, 2018
1299:. Microsoft. Archived from
1145:. Microsoft. Archived from
923:. Microsoft. March 22, 2012
833:
699:Serial Peripheral Interface
280:
227:BitLocker is available on:
10:
5660:
3911:Universal Windows Platform
3617:Kernel Transaction Manager
3602:Hardware Abstraction Layer
3299:Multimedia Class Scheduler
2689:System Integrity Team Blog
2582:. VidraSec. March 15, 2024
2307:. Microsoft. March 2, 2006
2305:System Integrity Team Blog
2276:"Shared Source Initiative"
2038:. Microsoft. p. 121.
487:Transparent operation mode
206:
175:. By default, it uses the
130:/operating-system-security
5563:
5492:
5464:
5428:
5292:
5151:
5068:
5017:
4936:
4900:
4834:
4723:
4682:
4572:
4535:
4507:
4430:
4390:
4363:Windows Services for UNIX
4285:
4054:
3973:
3966:
3939:
3822:
3796:
3748:Data Execution Prevention
3720:
3597:Graphics Device Interface
3545:
3487:Network Access Protection
3412:
3327:
3274:
3174:
3106:Remote Desktop Connection
2939:
2769:
2731:
2560:. Ulf Frisk. June 6, 2024
2034:Jerry, Honeycutt (2012).
1109:"What's New in BitLocker"
359:
344:
332:
320:
302:
290:
112:
100:
88:
70:
58:
50:
35:
26:
3728:Security and Maintenance
3672:Security Account Manager
3266:Windows XP visual styles
723:non-disclosure agreement
510:User authentication mode
222:release to manufacturing
191:" (XTS) mode with a 128-
107:Disk encryption software
4313:Media Control Interface
4147:Help and Support Center
3763:Kernel Patch Protection
3527:System Resource Manager
3507:Remote Desktop Services
3502:Print Services for UNIX
3284:Service Control Manager
2894:Windows Error Reporting
2814:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
636:TPM alone is not enough
496:Trusted Computing Group
218:Trusted Platform Module
163:versions starting with
5634:Cryptographic software
4536:File system navigation
4293:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
3869:COM Structured storage
3570:Desktop Window Manager
3462:Windows Media Services
1355:"Encrypted Hard Drive"
761:Kerckhoffs's principle
602:Encrypting File System
308:; 17 years ago
159:feature included with
157:full volume encryption
76:; 17 years ago
5578:Windows Support Tools
5573:Environment variables
3921:Windows Mixed Reality
3592:Enhanced Write Filter
3442:Roaming user profiles
2433:technet.microsoft.com
2141:(February 21, 2008).
1649:support.microsoft.com
1303:on September 24, 2019
1017:Supersite for Windows
306:January 30, 2007
181:cipher block chaining
74:January 30, 2007
5568:List of DOS commands
5466:Software development
5293:Maintenance and care
4202:Mobile Device Center
4152:Health & Fitness
3950:Solitaire Collection
3778:User Account Control
3773:Protected Media Path
3677:Server Message Block
3627:Logical Disk Manager
2879:System Policy Editor
2864:System Configuration
2429:"BitLocker Overview"
2301:"Back-door nonsense"
2152:Princeton University
2129:Halderman, J. Alex;
1335:. September 12, 2012
1199:Windows for Business
1149:on November 17, 2016
463:and a TPM 2.0 chip.
5604:Windows Server 2008
4348:Virtual DOS machine
3692:System Idle Process
3667:Resource Protection
3575:Portable Executable
3467:Active DRM Services
2869:System File Checker
2839:Performance Monitor
2468:on October 22, 2021
2198:Security TechCenter
1708:on October 23, 2007
1625:. November 16, 2018
1554:Windows Help portal
1495:. November 18, 2015
1485:"Device Encryption"
669:retains information
579:Windows Server 2008
540:TPM + PIN + USB Key
354:commercial software
287:
262:Windows Server 2008
179:(AES) algorithm in
23:
4522:Windows PowerShell
4353:Windows on Windows
4077:Backup and Restore
3889:Transaction Server
3607:I/O request packet
3447:Folder redirection
3116:Speech Recognition
2874:System Information
2829:Management Console
2204:. October 11, 2017
1733:docs.microsoft.com
1623:docs.microsoft.com
1462:. October 23, 2013
1080:(April 21, 2005).
1052:(April 22, 2005).
992:on August 27, 2006
820:ROCA vulnerability
765:Auguste Kerckhoffs
613:rogue boot manager
461:solid-state drives
428:Windows Mobile 6.5
413:Windows PowerShell
285:
21:
5586:
5585:
4460:
4459:
4386:
4385:
4343:Video for Windows
4298:Games for Windows
4167:Internet Explorer
3261:Windows Spotlight
2904:Windows Installer
2435:. August 31, 2016
2363:. CBS Interactive
2280:www.microsoft.com
2045:978-0-7356-7050-1
2012:978-0-7356-7392-2
1489:Device Encryption
1367:. August 31, 2016
1119:. August 31, 2016
701:in a motherboard.
673:Bress/Menz device
631:Security concerns
457:Connected Standby
440:Microsoft account
436:device encryption
423:Device encryption
403:replaced the old
369:
368:
327:Microsoft Windows
161:Microsoft Windows
150:
149:
95:Microsoft Windows
54:Device Encryption
5651:
5599:Windows commands
4937:User environment
4527:Recovery Console
4487:
4480:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4437:
4358:Windows SideShow
4137:Food & Drink
4031:Spider Solitaire
3971:
3970:
3864:ActiveX Document
3832:Active Scripting
3788:Windows Firewall
3743:Credential Guard
3422:Active Directory
3219:Indexing Service
2849:Resource Monitor
2844:Recovery Console
2718:
2711:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2646:
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2548:
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2543:
2532:
2526:
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2523:
2521:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2461:. Archived from
2460:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2398:
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2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2139:Felten, Edward W
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2105:TechNet Magazine
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2064:
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2024:
1998:
1987:
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1655:
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1635:
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1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1595:. Archived from
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1560:. Archived from
1546:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1481:
1472:
1471:
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1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1275:TechNet Magazine
1266:
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1234:
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1096:
1095:
1093:
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1086:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1027:on April 2, 2015
1023:. Archived from
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
991:
985:. Archived from
971:
962:
961:
959:
957:
951:
942:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
904:
903:
901:
899:
878:
658:cold boot attack
500:cold boot attack
478:Encryption modes
468:UEFI Secure Boot
448:Active Directory
444:Active Directory
406:
402:
379:
373:operating system
322:Operating system
316:
314:
309:
288:
284:
146:
145:
138:
135:
133:
132:/data-protection
131:
129:
127:
125:
123:
121:
119:
90:Operating system
84:
82:
77:
40:
31:
24:
20:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5644:Disk encryption
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5559:
5488:
5460:
5429:Boot management
5424:
5288:
5147:
5064:
5013:
4932:
4896:
4830:
4724:Disk management
4719:
4678:
4573:File management
4568:
4531:
4503:
4491:
4461:
4456:
4426:
4394:Microsoft Store
4392:
4382:
4328:POSIX subsystem
4308:File Protection
4281:
4252:Program Manager
4237:Phone Companion
4227:Outlook Express
4177:Make Compatible
4107:Desktop Gadgets
4067:Anytime Upgrade
4050:
3962:
3935:
3926:Windows Runtime
3818:
3792:
3758:Family features
3716:
3541:
3497:DFS Replication
3408:
3323:
3314:Error Reporting
3270:
3170:
3046:Mobility Center
3041:Movies & TV
2935:
2919:Windows Insider
2809:Driver Verifier
2804:Drive Optimizer
2771:
2765:
2756:Booting process
2727:
2722:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2649:
2639:
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2617:
2607:
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2259:
2257:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2230:. July 28, 2021
2222:
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2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2135:Heninger, Nadia
2131:Schoen, Seth D.
2127:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2079:CBS Interactive
2065:
2061:
2046:
2032:
2028:
2013:
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1612:
1602:
1600:
1599:on June 9, 2013
1581:
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1250:. Computerworld
1244:
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1228:
1225:Windows support
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1113:TechNet Library
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921:TechNet Library
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895:
879:
872:
868:
836:
784:
734:law enforcement
711:
638:
633:
564:hard disk drive
558:BitLocker is a
556:
491:disk encryption
480:
425:
404:
400:
377:
312:
310:
307:
303:Initial release
283:
209:
185:xor–encrypt–xor
140:
116:
80:
78:
75:
71:Initial release
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4517:Command Prompt
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4501:shell builtins
4490:
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4457:
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4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4257:Steps Recorder
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
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3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3884:OLE Automation
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3828:
3826:
3820:
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3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3652:Object Manager
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Imaging Format
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
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3479:
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3464:
3459:
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3439:
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3407:
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3396:
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3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Task Scheduler
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3239:Special folder
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Voice Recorder
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
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3048:
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3038:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
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2976:
2971:
2966:
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2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2914:Windows Update
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:System Restore
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:Device Manager
2791:
2786:
2784:Command Prompt
2781:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2678:External links
2676:
2674:
2673:
2647:
2615:
2593:
2571:
2549:
2527:
2505:
2479:
2446:
2420:
2400:
2374:
2344:
2318:
2292:
2267:
2241:
2215:
2185:
2164:
2118:
2091:
2059:
2044:
2026:
2011:
1988:
1966:
1955:. July 2, 2012
1934:
1901:
1875:
1849:
1823:
1797:
1771:
1745:
1719:
1689:
1661:
1636:
1610:
1575:
1564:on May 2, 2016
1538:
1506:
1473:
1441:
1410:
1399:. June 1, 2017
1378:
1346:
1314:
1288:
1261:
1238:
1212:
1186:
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1130:
1097:
1069:
1038:
1003:
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934:
905:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
835:
832:
783:
782:Other concerns
780:
754:encryption key
742:Niels Ferguson
738:UK Home Office
710:
707:
703:
702:
695:
688:
637:
634:
632:
629:
560:logical volume
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
530:recovery key:
524:
523:
517:
507:
479:
476:
424:
421:
405:manage-bde.wsf
378:manage-bde.wsf
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
348:
342:
341:
336:
330:
329:
324:
318:
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148:
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98:
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92:
86:
85:
72:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5656:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:Windows Vista
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
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5597:
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5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:Miscellaneous
5491:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5454:
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5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:eventtriggers
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
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5028:
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5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:File contents
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
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4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:programs and
4498:
4495:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4453:
4444:
4442:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Windows To Go
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Photo Gallery
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:Meeting Space
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:HyperTerminal
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Easy Transfer
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:Compatibility
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
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3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
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3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Library files
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
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3558:
3556:
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3552:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
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3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Reparse point
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Action Center
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Snipping Tool
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
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3049:
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3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Character Map
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
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2797:
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2790:
2789:Control Panel
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:App Installer
2777:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:Architecture
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
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2726:
2719:
2714:
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2707:
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2603:
2597:
2581:
2575:
2559:
2553:
2537:
2531:
2515:
2509:
2494:
2493:The Intercept
2490:
2483:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2417:. DevConf CZ.
2413:
2412:
2404:
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2018:
2014:
2008:
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1997:
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1976:
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1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:Biddle, Peter
970:
968:
948:
941:
939:
922:
918:
912:
910:
894:
890:
889:
884:
877:
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848:
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843:
841:
838:
837:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
801:Thunderbolt 3
798:
794:
790:
779:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
715:public domain
706:
700:
696:
693:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:
653:
651:
647:
643:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
605:
603:
599:
596:
590:
588:
587:bootstrapping
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
549:Password only
548:
545:
543:TPM + USB Key
542:
539:
536:
533:
532:
531:
529:
521:
518:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
497:
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454:
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429:
420:
418:
417:Windows To Go
414:
408:
398:
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358:
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293:
289:
276:
272:
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266:
263:
260:
257:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
240:Windows Vista
237:
233:
230:
229:
228:
225:
223:
219:
214:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Windows Vista
162:
158:
154:
144:
137:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
73:
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
4795:
4497:command-line
4407:File Manager
4247:Photo Viewer
4182:Media Center
4142:Groove Music
4072:Address Book
4043:
4036:
4029:
4024:Purble Place
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3989:Chess Titans
3987:
3980:
3967:Discontinued
3955:
3948:
3737:
3647:Ntoskrnl.exe
3555:Boot Manager
3547:Architecture
3437:Group Policy
3329:File systems
3229:Saved search
3136:Sticky Notes
3101:Quick Assist
3029:Media Player
2999:Feedback Hub
2994:Fax and Scan
2889:Task Manager
2819:Event Viewer
2799:Disk Cleanup
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2630:Ars Technica
2628:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2492:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2432:
2423:
2410:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2387:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2360:
2335:. Retrieved
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2304:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2279:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2254:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2227:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2197:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2143:
2109:. Retrieved
2104:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2074:TechRepublic
2072:
2062:
2035:
2029:
2002:
1979:. Retrieved
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1918:
1892:. Retrieved
1888:MSDN Library
1887:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:MSDN Library
1861:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:MSDN Library
1835:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:MSDN Library
1809:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:MSDN Library
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:MSDN Library
1757:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1701:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1674:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1593:Penton Media
1588:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1553:
1529:. Retrieved
1521:Ars Technica
1519:
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1488:
1464:. Retrieved
1453:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1358:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:the original
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1274:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1224:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:the original
1142:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1112:
1088:. Retrieved
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1016:
1006:
994:. Retrieved
987:the original
954:. Retrieved
925:. Retrieved
920:
896:. Retrieved
886:
813:
785:
773:
769:cryptosystem
758:
727:
712:
704:
639:
610:
606:
600:
591:
583:drive letter
568:
557:
525:
520:USB Key Mode
519:
516:or password.
509:
486:
481:
472:
465:
435:
426:
409:
382:
370:
292:Developer(s)
238:editions of
226:
210:
152:
151:
60:Developer(s)
18:
5345:pnpunattend
5315:eventcreate
5310:driverquery
5269:ssh-keyscan
4512:COMMAND.COM
4422:Minesweeper
4391:Spun off to
4212:MSN Dial-up
4207:Movie Maker
4112:Diagnostics
4062:ActiveMovie
3804:COMMAND.COM
3682:Shadow Copy
3537:Server Core
3377:Mount Point
3304:Shadow Copy
2899:Windows Ink
2234:December 2,
2228:Dolos Group
2107:. Microsoft
1419:"BitLocker"
1277:. Microsoft
1231:December 2,
1227:. Microsoft
1201:. Microsoft
952:. Microsoft
816:public keys
809:PCI Express
805:PCI Express
797:DMA attacks
719:proprietary
621:boot sector
351:Proprietary
195:or 256-bit
171:for entire
51:Other names
5614:Windows 10
5609:Windows 11
5593:Categories
5375:systeminfo
5264:ssh-keygen
5152:Networking
4796:manage-bde
4766:diskshadow
4402:DVD Player
4217:NetMeeting
4117:DriveSpace
3982:3D Pinball
3482:SharePoint
3246:Start menu
3091:Phone Link
2954:Calculator
2909:PowerShell
2770:Management
2635:Condé Nast
2602:"PCILeech"
2558:"PCILeech"
2150:(Thesis).
1526:Condé Nast
866:References
828:smartcards
776:cryptsetup
685:sleep mode
455:(formerly
432:Windows RT
401:manage-bde
385:Windows XP
364:manage-bde
313:2007-01-30
286:manage-bde
275:Windows 11
269:Windows 10
232:Enterprise
183:(CBC) or "
169:encryption
134:/bitlocker
120:.microsoft
81:2007-01-30
44:Windows 11
5624:Windows 7
5619:Windows 8
5550:tpmvscmgr
5259:ssh-agent
5164:bitsadmin
5070:Scripting
4835:Processes
4683:Archiving
4637:openfiles
4197:Messenger
4192:Messaging
4122:DVD Maker
4092:CD Player
4087:CardSpace
4038:Solitaire
3738:BitLocker
3733:AppLocker
3367:Hard link
3256:Task View
3234:Namespace
3204:ClearType
3024:Messaging
3009:Magnifier
2974:Clipchamp
2949:3D Viewer
2542:March 16,
2202:Microsoft
2054:819519777
2021:851209981
1953:Microsoft
1727:Dansimp.
1558:Microsoft
1493:Microsoft
1460:Microsoft
1429:Microsoft
1397:Microsoft
1365:Microsoft
1333:Microsoft
1307:April 25,
1117:Microsoft
1078:Microsoft
1050:Microsoft
983:Microsoft
893:Microsoft
860:FileVault
750:hard copy
554:Operation
537:TPM + PIN
453:InstantGo
297:Microsoft
264:and later
250:Windows 8
244:Windows 7
153:BitLocker
128:/security
65:Microsoft
22:BitLocker
5525:gpupdate
5520:gpresult
5446:bootsect
5405:wevtutil
5385:typeperf
5380:tracerpt
5370:sxstrace
5355:REAgentC
5340:ntbackup
5305:dispdiag
5300:auditpol
5214:PathPing
5209:nslookup
5184:ipconfig
5179:hostname
5108:forfiles
4959:graftabl
4928:regsvr32
4901:Registry
4892:tasklist
4887:taskkill
4877:shutdown
4872:schtasks
4857:powercfg
4826:vssadmin
4811:scandisk
4801:refsutil
4771:drvspace
4761:diskraid
4756:diskpart
4751:diskcopy
4746:diskcomp
4695:extrac32
4664:robocopy
4649:(rename)
4441:Category
4318:MS-DOS 7
4303:ScanDisk
4222:NTBackup
4102:Contacts
4082:Cardfile
4017:Hold 'Em
3996:FreeCell
3842:VBScript
3753:Defender
3721:Security
3707:Winlogon
3662:Registry
3276:Services
3209:Explorer
3194:AutoPlay
3081:Paint 3D
3066:OneDrive
3056:Narrator
3004:Get Help
2959:Calendar
2854:Settings
2824:IExpress
2666:March 7,
2640:March 7,
2608:June 13,
2586:June 13,
2564:June 13,
2520:March 7,
2498:March 7,
2472:March 7,
2439:March 7,
2393:March 7,
2388:Mashable
2367:March 7,
2337:March 7,
2311:March 7,
2285:March 7,
2260:March 7,
2208:March 7,
2178:March 7,
2157:March 7,
2111:March 7,
2084:March 7,
1981:March 7,
1959:March 7,
1927:March 7,
1894:March 7,
1868:March 7,
1842:March 7,
1816:March 7,
1790:March 7,
1764:March 7,
1738:July 27,
1712:March 7,
1682:March 7,
1654:March 7,
1629:March 7,
1603:March 7,
1568:March 7,
1531:March 7,
1499:March 7,
1466:March 7,
1434:March 7,
1403:March 7,
1371:March 7,
1339:March 7,
1281:March 7,
1205:March 7,
1179:March 7,
1153:March 7,
1123:March 7,
1090:March 7,
1062:March 7,
1031:March 7,
996:March 7,
977:(2004).
956:March 7,
927:March 7,
898:March 7,
834:See also
824:Infineon
730:backdoor
692:Kerberos
681:Mac OS X
534:TPM only
474:issues.
411:through
281:Features
236:Ultimate
126:/windows
5545:tpmtool
5479:exe2bin
5451:fixboot
5441:bootcfg
5436:bcdedit
5410:winmgmt
5400:wecutil
5395:WBAdmin
5350:pnputil
5335:msiexec
5330:mofcomp
5274:tracert
5254:ssh-add
5224:rpcping
5204:netstat
5189:nbtstat
5143:timeout
5088:cscript
5050:findstr
4736:convert
4705:makecab
4700:extract
4669:takeown
4653:replace
4642:recover
4611:deltree
4607:(erase)
4595:compact
4545:(chdir)
4494:Windows
4417:Mahjong
4338:Interix
4272:WinHelp
4172:Journal
4162:Imaging
4010:InkBall
3896:DirectX
3859:ActiveX
3847:JScript
3560:Console
3532:Hyper-V
3427:Domains
3251:Taskbar
3224:IFilter
3199:AutoRun
3161:WordPad
3156:Weather
3071:OneNote
3061:Notepad
2984:Cortana
2859:Sysprep
2661:Reuters
1948:TechNet
1920:TechNet
1455:TechNet
1424:TechNet
1360:TechNet
1328:TechNet
1254:May 15,
1173:TechNet
1143:TechNet
888:TechNet
793:XTS-AES
752:of the
662:dumping
595:USB key
546:USB Key
376:called
360:Website
346:License
339:Command
311: (
207:History
173:volumes
113:Website
79: (
5540:pentnt
5535:MSCDEX
5484:QBasic
5456:fixmbr
5415:winsat
5325:logman
5239:setspn
5174:getmac
5133:prompt
5093:doskey
5078:choice
5009:whoami
4979:setver
4949:cmdkey
4923:regini
4786:fsutil
4781:format
4741:defrag
4731:chkdsk
4690:expand
4627:mklink
4616:icacls
4590:cipher
4580:attrib
4450:
4439:
4412:Hover!
4286:Others
4267:Travel
4262:Syskey
4045:Tinker
4003:Hearts
3931:WinUSB
3916:WinAPI
3901:Native
3712:WinUSB
3637:MinWin
3414:Server
3214:Search
3126:Sports
3096:Photos
3086:People
2964:Camera
2052:
2042:
2019:
2009:
1021:Penton
650:bootup
528:escrow
504:booted
201:sector
139:
124:/en-us
5515:dpath
5500:break
5474:debug
5390:w32tm
5360:relog
5284:winrs
5279:winrm
5229:route
5199:netsh
5128:pause
5055:print
5035:edlin
5004:where
4994:title
4913:ftype
4908:assoc
4882:start
4862:runas
4806:subst
4791:label
4776:fdisk
4674:xcopy
4658:rmdir
4621:mkdir
4585:cacls
4559:pushd
4378:WinFS
4277:Write
3974:Games
3941:Games
3814:WoW64
3642:NTLDR
3632:LSASS
3565:CSRSS
3372:links
3347:exFAT
3176:Shell
3141:Store
3131:Start
3121:Skype
3076:Paint
3051:Money
2979:Clock
2926:WinRE
2834:Netsh
2772:tools
2761:Games
2466:(PDF)
2459:(PDF)
2415:(PDF)
2255:Petri
2148:(PDF)
1676:ZDNet
1085:(DOC)
1057:(DOC)
990:(PPT)
950:(PDF)
677:Linux
575:boots
397:exFAT
393:FAT32
389:FAT16
187:(XEX)
155:is a
118:learn
5530:help
5510:dism
5420:wmic
5244:sftp
5219:ping
5169:curl
5123:more
5113:goto
5098:echo
5083:clip
5060:type
5045:find
5030:edit
5025:comp
4989:time
4984:setx
4969:path
4964:mode
4954:date
4944:chcp
4852:kill
4847:exit
4660:(rd)
4632:move
4623:(md)
4600:copy
4564:tree
4554:popd
4452:List
4333:HPFS
4097:Chat
4055:Apps
3957:Surf
3906:.NET
3874:DCOM
3702:WHEA
3697:USER
3687:SMSS
3477:WSUS
3457:MSMQ
3399:ReFS
3362:NTFS
3337:CDFS
3294:CLFS
3289:BITS
3189:Aero
3166:Xbox
3146:Tips
3034:2022
3019:Maps
3014:Mail
2989:Edge
2941:Apps
2736:APIs
2668:2020
2642:2020
2610:2024
2588:2024
2566:2024
2544:2020
2522:2020
2500:2020
2474:2020
2441:2020
2395:2020
2369:2020
2361:CNET
2339:2020
2313:2020
2287:2020
2262:2020
2236:2021
2210:2020
2180:2020
2159:2020
2113:2020
2086:2020
2050:OCLC
2040:ISBN
2017:OCLC
2007:ISBN
1983:2020
1961:2020
1929:2020
1896:2020
1870:2020
1844:2020
1818:2020
1792:2020
1766:2020
1740:2022
1714:2020
1684:2020
1656:2020
1631:2020
1605:2020
1570:2020
1533:2020
1501:2020
1468:2020
1436:2020
1405:2020
1392:MSDN
1373:2020
1341:2020
1309:2017
1283:2020
1256:2024
1233:2021
1207:2020
1181:2020
1155:2020
1125:2020
1092:2020
1064:2020
1033:2020
998:2020
958:2020
929:2020
900:2020
799:via
679:and
666:DRAM
644:and
642:BIOS
619:and
617:BIOS
571:NTFS
334:Type
252:and
242:and
234:and
122:.com
102:Type
5555:wsl
5505:cls
5365:sfc
5249:ssh
5234:scp
5194:net
5159:arp
5138:rem
5103:for
4999:ver
4974:set
4918:reg
4821:vol
4816:sys
4715:tar
4710:pax
4647:ren
4605:del
4549:dir
4232:Pay
4132:Fax
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