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132:. Delhi, even though it was the capital of India, did not have any outstanding Hindu temples left. During the Mughal period, temples with a shikhara were prohibited until the late Mughal period. The first temple to be built by the Birla family is the Laxminarayan Temple in Delhi, which was opened in 1939. Located at a prominent site, The temple was designed to be lofty and spacious, suitable for congregational worship or discourses. Although built using modern technology, it very loosely conformed to the
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family, including major institutions of technology, medicine, and education. Birla temples have redefined religion to conform to modern ideals of philanthropy and humanitarianism, combining the worship of a deity with a public institution that contributes to civil society. The architectural forms of the two newest Birla temples (
183:
A national chain of the "Birla temples," temples of grandiose scale and design, have become major landmarks and part of the cityscapes of Indian urban life in the late twentieth century. The Birla temples exist in conjunction with other large industrial and philanthropic ventures of the wealthy Birla
114:
in different cities across India. All these temples are magnificently built, some in white marble or sandstone. The temples are generally located in a prominent location, carefully designed to accommodate a large number of visitors. The worship and discourses are well organized. The first one was
127:
The Birla temples in Delhi and Bhopal were constructed to fulfill a cultural void in these cities. As these cities were ruled for centuries by Muslim dynasties, these cities did not have any notable temples since the
Islamic ruler did not permit the construction of grand Hindu temples with
774:
Backdrop of the
Struggle in India; American's impressions of a teeming land. Amid romance, reality, fabulous wealth and dire poverty, there is a yearning for independence. The backdrop of the Freedom Struggle in India, Herbert L. Matthews, New York Times Magazine, September 27,
119:
and his brothers and their father. Later temples were built by and managed by different branches of the family. For both of the temples in
Varanasi, the Birlas joined other donors to support the cost.
143:
The Birla temples in Delhi, Banaras and Bhopal use modern construction materials and techniques. Later temples are built of marble or sandstone and are constructed usually in the classical style of
175:; however, it is built of white marble and adorned with not only images of Gods but also of philosophers and scientists. The Gwalior Sun temple is a replica (much reduced in size) of the famous
722:
188:) incorporate innovative, dual-purpose structures into the temple design that alter temple practices to reflect the concerns of modern public culture in a religious site.
163:, otherwise in the northern Māru-Gurjara style. The Saraswati temple, in the BITS Pilani campus, is one of the very few Sarasvati temples built in modern times (see
838:
816:
1021:
805:
Community and Public
Culture: The Marwaris in Calcutta 1897-1997, Anne Hardgrove, Philanthropy and Mapping the Kul: Industrialists and Temple Building
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Community and Public
Culture: The Marwaris in Calcutta 1897-1997, Anne Hardgrove, Philanthropy and Mapping the Kul: Industrialists and Temple Building
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Pilgrimage
Centres of India, Brajesh Kumar, A.H.W. Sameer series, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd., 2003 p. 103
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LAND AND PEOPLE of Indian State and Union
Territories (In 36 Volumes), Andhra Pradesh, Volume - 2
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179:, as it would have appeared before the collapse of the main tower. Anne Hardgrove states:
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Birla Mandir in
Kolkata – Lakshmi Narayan Temple – Birla Temple in Kolkata – Kolkata
155:) of the 10-12th century, with some elements of local, regional styles, such as the
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style. The Birlas also built the adjoining
Buddhist temple and donated it to the
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Kolkata: City Guide, Goodearth
Publications, 2011 - Calcutta, p. 103
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https://www.bhaktibharat.com/en/mandir/gwalior-sun-temple
917:. Vol. 2. Kalpaz Publications, Delhi. p. 490.
890:. Vol. II. Kalpaz Publications, Delhi. p. 23.
939:"Sri Lakshmi Satya Narayana Swamy Devasthanam, Kurnool"
887:
Encyclopedia of Tourism Resources In India (Volume II)
967:"Lord Venkateshwara Temple(Birla Mandir), Hyderabad"
1057:
911:Bhatt, S.C.; Bhargava, Gopal K ., eds. (2006).
953:"Birla Mandir, Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Bhopal"
1047:"Birla Temple, near Lamtibahal, Brajrajnagar"
910:
192:
75:
64:
53:
38:
28:
18:
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115:built in 1939 in Delhi collectively by
1058:
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817:"Making history with brick and mortar"
167:). It is said to be a replica of the
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823:. September 15, 2011. Archived from
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102:(Birla Temples) refer to different
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295:Dharmachakra Pravartana Buddha
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884:Sajnani, Dr. Manohar (2001).
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69:Birla Temple at Arera Hills,
839:"Birla Mandir, Kurukushetra"
348:Birla Mandir (Sharda Peeth)
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715:Birla Radha Krishna Mandir
193:Birla Mandirs across India
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468:Renukeshaw Mahadev Temple
169:Kandariya Mahadeva Temple
145:Māru-Gurjara architecture
414:Tulsi Birla Manas Mandir
89:Banaras Hindu University
198:Birla Temples in India
161:Birla Mandir, Hyderabad
24:Birla Mandir, New Delhi
1066:Hindu temples in India
985:June 15, 2008, at the
747:Shri Vishwanath Mandir
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81:Shri Vishwanath Mandir
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1022:"Birla Ganesh Mandir"
165:Sharda Temple, Maihar
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1008:Gwalior Sun Temple:
827:on December 5, 2012.
257:Laxminarayan Temple
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117:Jugal Kishore Birla
244:(Shri Vishwanath)
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186:Jaipur and Kolkata
123:History and design
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682:Laxmi Narayanan
606:Lakshmi Narayan
587:Lakshmi Narayan
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380:Laskhmi Narayan
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83:also known as
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1028:on 2018-09-18
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897:81-7835-018-1
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1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
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868:. Retrieved
863:Temple Net.
858:
847:. Retrieved
843:the original
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825:the original
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755:Birla Mandir
754:
574:Birla Mandir
522:Birla Mandir
508:Venkateswara
495:Birla Mandir
441:Birla Mandir
306:1941 - 1961
228:Birla Mandir
185:
142:
126:
112:Birla family
99:
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85:Birla Mandir
84:
61:in Hyderabad
59:Birla Mandir
43:Sun Temple,
355:BITS Pilani
330:Kurukshetra
1032:2018-02-27
870:2009-10-27
849:2018-02-26
763:References
551:1984-1988
526:1976-1996
499:1966-1976
351:1956-1960
232:1931-1966
171:temple of
147:(from the
503:Hyderabad
360:Saraswati
212:Location
173:Khajuraho
130:shikharas
1060:Category
983:Archived
736:See also
476:Renukoot
422:Varanasi
237:Varanasi
149:Chandela
93:Varanasi
91:campus,
696:Veraval
663:Ganesha
658:Alibaug
555:Gwalior
530:Kolkata
454:Vithoba
375:Kurnool
335:Krishna
206:Temple
159:of the
157:gopuram
108:Mandirs
87:in the
45:Gwalior
921:
894:
644:Vishnu
582:Jaipur
449:Shahad
400:Bhopal
310:Kanpur
215:Deity
203:Image
134:Nagara
71:Bhopal
719:2023
639:Nagda
620:Akola
601:Patna
578:1988
560:Surya
481:Shiva
472:1972
445:1965
418:1964
396:1960
371:1957
326:1955
290:Delhi
286:1939
265:Delhi
261:1939
242:Shiva
235:BHU,
209:Year
919:ISBN
892:ISBN
775:1942
625:Rama
140:.
98:The
427:Ram
151:or
106:or
1062::
819:.
1049:.
1035:.
969:.
955:.
941:.
927:.
900:.
873:.
852:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
