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188:, where they cut down banana trees and destroyed other property in the course of building forts. Some historians have viewed these actions as intentional provocation to make Bowlegs react, so the settlers would have a reason to force the Seminole out. If so, the provocation worked: Bowlegs led his warriors in sporadic attacks against settlers for the next few years, in what is known as the Third Seminole War. The Army was unable to subdue his
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of the
Western Seminole tribe was brought back from Indian Territory to convince Bowlegs to relocate voluntarily. The US government offered Bowlegs $ 10,000 and each of his chiefs $ 1,000 if they did so. Warriors and non-warriors were offered less. They initially refused but later that year, the band
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and their new home in the Indian
Territory. A journalist described the chief as having "two wives, one son, five daughters, and a hundred thousand dollars in hard cash." After reaching Indian Territory, Bowlegs became a leading chief there. He and his daughters became prominent land holders.
305:
Dictionary of
American Biography, Including Men of the Time: Containing Nearly Ten Thousand Notices of Persons of Both Sexes, of Native and Foreign Birth, who Have Been Remarkable, Or Prominently Connected with the Arts, Sciences, Literature, Politics, Or History of the American Continent
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and
Micanopy, amidst the loss of other prominent Seminole chiefs, Bowlegs and his band of 200 warriors became some of the most prominent fighters surviving at the time hostilities ended on August 14, 1842. To impress and awe the Seminole chiefs, the US government brought Bowlegs to
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This article is about the
Seminole chief of the 2nd and 3rd Seminole Wars (there was a different Bowlegs (Bolek) in the 1st Seminole War). For the Civil War Billy Bowlegs, see
102:) in 1858. As part of the settlement, he was paid $ 6,500 plus $ 1,000 each for the subchiefs and $ 100 each for the women and children who went with him. He is buried in
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during the
American Civil War. Some historical sources erred in conflating Holato Micco and the later Sonuk Mikko, who both were called Billy Bowlegs.
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Porter, K. W. (1967). Billy
Bowlegs (Holata Micco) in the Seminole Wars (Part I). The Florida Historical Quarterly, 45(3), 219–242.
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My Life in the Old Army: The
Reminiscences of Abner Doubleday : from the Collections of the New-York Historical Society
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Bowlegs and his band lived in relative peace until 1855. A group of army engineers and surveyors invaded his territory in
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is named after
Bowlegs as this was the spot where he was forced to surrender in 1858.
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of 1832, he refused to leave
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of the Oconee tribe of the Seminole in the village of Cuscowilla on the
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was his uncle. The surname "Bowlegs" may be an alternate spelling of
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Bowlegs was born into a family of hereditary chiefs descended from
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and was the remaining Seminole's most prominent chief during the
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Native American tribal government officials in Indian Territory
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After the capture (under a flag of truce offered by Gen.
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Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials
251:, aka Billy Bowlegs, gained fame as a captain in the
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150:, a preceding Seminole chief. (A story that he had
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283:Reclaiming the Everglades: Everglades Biographies
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16:19th-century Seminole chief and military leader
442:"Billy Bowlegs (Holata Micco) in the Civil War
420:The American Civil War in the Indian Territory
231:In May, Bowlegs and his followers arrived in
181:to underline the power of the United States.
27:. For other uses of the name Bowlegs, see
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154:from riding horses is unsubstantiated.)
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492:, Chronicles of Oklahoma, Vol. 33, 1955
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531:Native Americans of the Seminole Wars
356:http://www.jstor.org/stable/30140164
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448:, Volume XLV, No. 4, April 1967.
291:Florida International University
23:. For a later tribal elder, see
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388:Caloosahatchee River Guidebook
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516:People from Micanopy, Florida
302:Francis Samuel Drake (1872).
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220:of 123 agreed to relocation.
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521:19th-century Seminole people
446:Florida Historical Quarterly
157:Although Bowlegs signed the
110:Early life and Seminole Wars
82:– 1859) was a leader of the
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423:, Osprey Publishing, 2006,
172:) and subsequent deaths of
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373:September 5, 2012, at the
334:. TCU Press. p. 353.
309:J.R. Osgood. pp. 111–
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469:National Portrait Gallery
463:November 8, 2005, at the
390:. Pineapple Press. pg. 83
277:February 7, 2017, at the
165:(roughly, 1835 to 1842).
159:Treaty of Payne's Landing
328:Abner Doubleday (1998).
526:Native American leaders
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130:savannah (present-day
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86:in Florida during the
67:; known in English as
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386:McCarthy, K. (2012).
272:"Chief Billy Bowlegs"
244:Other "Billy Bowlegs"
215:In early 1858, Chief
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40:Lithograph of Bowlegs
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209:Karl Ferdinand Wimar
186:southwestern Florida
226:Fort Myers, Florida
205:Chief Billy Bowlegs
163:Second Seminole War
118:Billy Bowlegs, 1858
88:Second Seminole War
69:Chief Billy Bowlegs
51:name translated as
368:Osceola and Abiaka
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92:Third Seminole War
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440:Porter, Kenneth,
417:John D. Spencer,
341:978-0-87565-185-9
190:guerrilla warfare
25:Billy Bowlegs III
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486:, infoplease.com
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170:Thomas Jesup
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511:1859 deaths
249:Sonuk Mikko
233:New Orleans
80: 1810
73:Billy Bolek
21:Sonuk Mikko
500:Categories
259:References
253:Union Army
196:Relocation
358:, pg. 220
124:Cowkeeper
84:Seminoles
461:Archived
371:Archived
275:Archived
237:Arkansas
217:Wild Cat
144:Micanopy
136:Micanopy
100:Oklahoma
49:Muscogee
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174:Osceola
152:bowlegs
140:Florida
134:, near
128:Alachua
29:Bowlegs
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211:, 1861
148:Bolek
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315:2012
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