1864:
be submitted to the qualified electors in a special referendum, but if the concurrent resolution is approved by not less than three-fourths of the total number of members of which each house is composed, the
Legislative Assembly may provide that the referendum shall be held at the same time as the next general election. Each proposed amendment shall be voted on separately and not more than three proposed amendments may be submitted at the same referendum. Every proposed amendment shall specify the terms under which it shall take effect, and it shall become a part of this Constitution if it is ratified by a majority of the electors voting thereon.
159:
4567:
646:
130:
858:
42:
1171:. It declares that the source of the power of the government emanates from the people. The following three sections of the Article establish the Republican form of government of the unincorporated territory, divided into three branches (legislative, executive and judicial) and specifies the territorial jurisdiction of the document as well as the seat of the new government, which shall be the city of
1135:; the co-existence in Puerto Rico of the two great cultures of the American Hemisphere; our fervor for education; our faith in justice; our devotion to the courageous, industrious, and peaceful way of life; our fidelity to individual human values above and beyond social position, racial differences, and economic interests; and our hope for a better world based on these principles.
1144:. However, it has the similarity that the preamble neither grants any powers nor inhibits any actions; it only explains the rationale behind the Constitution. Yet, it specifically details the determining factors that the Puerto Rican people have chosen as the basis for their new government. It also establishes the Constitution's loyalty to the
1343:. These two sentences have traditionally been interpreted by scholars as granting an unlimited number of rights, since anything that violates the dignity of a human being will be deemed unconstitutional. However, the remainder of the section concretely establishes the kinds of discriminations that are outlawed.
1863:
Article 7 established the rules to perform amendments to the constitution, the
Legislative Assembly may propose amendments to this Constitution by a concurrent resolution approved by not less than two-thirds of the total number of members of which each house is composed. All proposed amendments shall
1096:
We, the people of Puerto Rico, in order to organize ourselves politically on a fully democratic basis, to promote the general welfare, and to secure for ourselves and our posterity the complete enjoyment of human rights, placing our trust in
Almighty God, do ordain and establish this Constitution for
1854:
Article Six authorizes the
Legislative Assembly to create, abolish, consolidate and reorganize municipalities; to change their territorial limits; to determine their organization and functions; and to authorize them to develop programs for the general welfare and to create any agencies necessary for
1583:
This section stresses out that the civil rights and liberties outlined in this Bill of Rights do not constitute an exclusive list thereof; others may exist. In other words, just because a civil right is not listed here, does not mean that the people do not have it. This is a safeguard against strict
1327:
In order to comply with the requirements of Public Law 600, the framers of the
Constitution of Puerto Rico decided to draft an extensive list of rights which were then organized into a whole Article of the constitutional document. It is divided into nineteen sections, each one listing one or several
1577:
The foregoing enumeration of rights shall not be construed restrictively nor does it contemplate the exclusion of other rights not specifically mentioned which belong to the people in a democracy. The power of the
Legislative Assembly to enact laws for the protection of the life, health and general
740:
authorized Puerto Rico to draft its own constitution with a law passed in 1950. The
Constitutional Assembly met for a period of several months between 1951 and 1952 in which the document was written. The law required the framers to follow only two basic requirements: a republican form of government
803:. The argument made by the U.S. Supreme Court was interpreted by many as an affirmation of a severely diminished capacity of the constitutional stature that the Puerto Rican government had. This was the same idea of stature that the Puerto Rican government has had for nearly seven decades. Justice
1564:
Section
Seventeen creates the fundamental right of employees, private and public, to organize themselves into associations and to negotiate with their employers. Section Eighteen also declares a fundamental right for employers to go on strike. However, the section ends by stating; "Nothing herein
1443:
The right to life, liberty and the enjoyment of property is recognized as a fundamental right of man. The death penalty shall not exist. No person shall be deprived of his liberty or property without due process of law. No person in Puerto Rico shall be denied the equal protection of the laws. No
1076:
The assembly held 62 sessions between
September 17, 1951, and February 6, 1952, approving the constitution within the assembly two days before concluding their affairs on February 4, 1952. The constitution was then overwhelmingly approved a month later by the people of Puerto Rico in a referendum
752:
and the
President approved it, but required that the Article II (Bill of Rights), Section 20 (guaranteeing the right to education and various economic rights) be stricken and that language be added to Section 3 of Article VII allowing non-governmental schools. On July 10, 1952, the Constitutional
1481:
No law shall be enacted authorizing condemnation of printing presses, machinery or material devoted to publications of any kind. The buildings in which these objects are located may be condemned only after a judicial finding of public convenience and necessity pursuant to procedure that shall be
1650:
Article Four was also very loose regarding the rules overseeing each house, establishing that each house must be the sole judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its members, that each house must choose its own officers, and that each house must adopt rules for its own proceedings
1871:
By Resolution number 34, approved by the Constitutional Convention and ratified in the Referendum held on November 4, 1952, the following new sentence was added to section 3 of article VII: "Any amendment or revision of this constitution shall be consistent with the resolution enacted by the
807:
stated that the ruling in the case of 'Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle' was confined solely to the corresponding issue of double jeopardy within a criminal case, not to the whole of Puerto Rico's political status. Still, the outcome fueled a debate regarding the current nature of the political
798:
Clause bars Puerto Rico and the United States from successively prosecuting a single person for the same conduct under equivalent criminal laws. The Supreme Court ruling stated that, at least in the cases related to criminal offenses, sovereignty of Puerto Rico ultimately resides in the
1524:
It also establishes that in all trials of felony the accused shall enjoy of a jury of twelve peers who render a verdict by majority vote in which no less than nine shall concur. Also, the section creates the right against self-incrimination as well as the prohibition of
1130:
We consider as determining factors in our life our citizenship of the United States of America and our aspiration continually to enrich our democratic heritage in the individual and collective enjoyment of its rights and privileges; our loyalty to the principles of the
793:
incited a debate regarding the nature of the relationship established by the 1950 and 1952 legislation, allegedly breaching the compact between the United States and the People of Puerto Rico. The debate was fueled when the Supreme Court decided that the
1122:
We understand that the democratic system of government is one in which the will of the people is the source of public power, the political order is subordinate to the rights of man, and the free participation of the citizen in collective decisions is
782:
clarified that the purpose of Congress in the 1950 and 1952 legislation was to accord to Puerto Rico the degree of autonomy and independence normally associated with a State of the Union. However, on June 9, 2016, as an outcome of the case known as
1424:
Section Five establishes the right to an education. It also mandates the establishment of a non-sectarian and free educational system for the commonwealth. The section also establishes that education will be compulsory for elementary school,
4688:
1348:
No discrimination shall be made on account of race, color, sex, birth, social origin or condition, or political or religious ideas. Both the laws and the system of public education shall embody these principles of essential human
1464:
clauses. Third, it includes a contract clause for the jurisdiction of the commonwealth. Finally, the sections guarantees that a minimum amount of the property owned by individuals will be exempt from government possession.
1482:
provided by law, and may be taken before such a judicial finding only when there is placed at the disposition of the publication an adequate site in which it can be installed and continue to operate for a reasonable time.
2175:
1831:
1363:
Section 2. The laws shall guarantee the expression of the will of the people by means of equal, direct and secret universal suffrage and shall protect the citizen against any coercion in the exercise of the electoral
4668:
4531:
3056:
3051:
1561:. It prohibits the employment of children of less than fourteen years on jobs that may be "prejudicial to their health or morals". It also guarantees that no children under the age of sixteen shall be kept in jail.
3061:
2202:
3046:
3021:
3087:
1468:
Section Eight declares that every person has the right to be protected by law against attacks on their honor, reputation and private or family life. This section has been interpreted as creating a general
1086:
1855:
that purpose. It also authorizes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to impose and collect taxes and to authorize their imposition and collection by municipalities, as determined by the Legislative Assembly.
1391:, a clause that is not found in the United States' Constitution but, rather, it is assumed and interpreted to exist. Section three leaves no doubt about the existence of such separation in Puerto Rico.
753:
Convention of Puerto Rico reconvened and approved a resolution accepting those conditions, which were later ratified in a referendum held in November 1952, by the electorate. On July 25, 1952, Governor
4673:
1584:
literal interpretations of the constitution with which the people will be denied all the rights not specifically listed here, such as a right to travel between districts at their own leisure (see
1519:, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation and to have a copy thereof, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have assistance of counsel, and to be presumed innocent.
416:
398:
2228:
1565:
contained shall impair the authority of the Legislative Assembly to enact laws to deal with grave emergencies that clearly imperil the public health or safety or essential public services."
4541:
4663:
1651:
appropriate to legislative bodies. This, in essence, gives broad powers to each house on how to structure itself and which procedures it must follow. It, however, established the posts of
706:. It is composed of nine articles detailing the structure of the government as well as the function of several of its institutions. The document also contains an extensive and specific
1639:
so that they remain practicable, and divided upon the basis of population and means of communication. It also established how the number of members of each house must increase when a
380:
4716:
4678:
1419:
No law shall be made abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
4721:
4711:
4658:
4628:
2304:
1028:
1796:
4526:
4396:
4648:
4643:
4638:
3156:
1784:
407:
389:
3123:
4588:
1013:
973:
4603:
4598:
4466:
4238:
4200:
775:
of the United States Constitution as still controlling over Puerto Rico. Under this clause, the United States Congress is the recognized sovereign of the island.
728:
The United States maintains ultimate sovereignty over Puerto Rico. Under this Constitution, Puerto Rico officially identifies as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
963:
133:
1867:
The section 3 indicates that no amendment to this Constitution shall alter the republican form of government established by it or abolish its bill of rights.*
1776:
1760:
1656:
371:
228:
1382:
No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. There shall be complete separation of church and state.
2998:
2070:
1942:
1444:
laws impairing the obligation of contracts shall be enacted. A minimum amount of property and possessions shall be exempt from attachment as provided by law.
948:
2966:
1643:
obtains more than two thirds of the seats in one or both houses. This was done in order to reduce the likelihood of one party having absolute control over
351:
325:
238:
1435:
Section Six declares the right of the people to organize themselves in associations, except if the associations are military or quasi-military in nature.
968:
273:
2955:
1488:
307:
2897:
1048:: 7 which dealt with constitutional matters and 3 which dealt with the assembly's internal operations. The constitutional committees were as follows:
1827:
1710:
1569:
1395:
1023:
677:
206:
4698:
3476:
3149:
3031:
1819:
3041:
3036:
1008:
4760:
767:
A continuing debate has dealt with the legal status of Puerto Rico under the Federal Government of the United States. Certain decisions by the
2039:
761:, despite the conditions established by Congress, proclaimed that, henceforth, Sec. 20 would be deemed by his administration to be in effect.
4205:
17:
4693:
4253:
3509:
3466:
879:
745:
366:
1713:. The article establishes the term length of the governor and the requirements to hold such post, as well as establishing the governor as
3142:
1803:
711:
243:
2423:
1449:
First, Section Seven establishes that the right to life is fundamental in Puerto Rico. Because of this, the section determines that the
4608:
1141:
334:
316:
1431:
no public property or public funds shall be used for the support of schools or educational institutions other than those of the state.
4770:
4314:
3590:
3522:
2991:
2157:
1922:
602:
253:
4376:
4361:
4043:
3103:
1792:
467:
284:
1491:. It establishes that persons shall be protected against "unreasonable searches and seizures". It explicitly prohibits the use of
1917:
1753:
1730:
1613:
825:
737:
542:
499:
362:
4451:
1897:
1764:
1652:
923:
817:
547:
477:
298:
233:
4521:
1902:
1788:
1737:
1693:
in order to become law. The article also established the exclusive powers of each house, as well as establishing the post of
919:
670:
248:
1554:. It also prohibits public officials to receive gifts from foreign powers without the approval of the Legislative Assembly.
4755:
4623:
4060:
4018:
3907:
3853:
3224:
2984:
1772:
1686:
1625:
612:
561:
552:
472:
1689:
and returned therefrom with a written report, approved by the majority of which each house is composed, and signed by the
4386:
4028:
4008:
3638:
3620:
3165:
2660:
2634:
2608:
2582:
2556:
2530:
2504:
2478:
2452:
2397:
2371:
2345:
2319:
1937:
1768:
1726:
922:, 92 individuals were elected as delegates to a constitutional assembly on August 27, 1951. Of these, 70 belonged to the
280:
4765:
4613:
3658:
3633:
3600:
3570:
2065:
1780:
768:
622:
2793:
2767:
2741:
2715:
2686:
1659:
without any other specifics besides the title of the posts although interpretatively the article meant them to be the
4546:
4129:
3875:
3731:
3648:
3643:
3082:
2871:
2845:
2819:
2269:
1873:
1749:
1597:
1041:
905:
183:
887:
4210:
3653:
3595:
3502:
3448:
3440:
3108:
1952:
1640:
1621:
663:
565:
115:
4158:
4048:
3897:
3610:
3605:
3118:
2963:
2102:
2015:
1983:
1947:
1912:
1247:. It also establishes two fundamental declarations, that "the dignity of the human being is inviolable" and that
935:
597:
590:
482:
1033:
4283:
4243:
4190:
4053:
3892:
3753:
3709:
3575:
3456:
3374:
3339:
1388:
1283:
883:
617:
4733:
4139:
3812:
3785:
3585:
3414:
3319:
3279:
3077:
3026:
638:
524:
512:
487:
393:
1547:, which can only be suspended by the Legislative Assembly in time of "rebellion, insurrection or invasion."
4683:
4354:
4339:
4109:
4070:
3880:
3580:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3344:
2905:
2140:
1815:
1585:
1313:
988:
931:
785:
444:
329:
2964:
Statement by the President Upon Signing Bill Approving the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
311:
4461:
4228:
4180:
3495:
3294:
3209:
2127:
1932:
1877:
1461:
1212:
which provided for the people of Puerto Rico to adopt a constitution of their own which had to include a
832:
representatives by district elections and reducing the number of representatives from 51 to 45. Governor
607:
2229:"Pierluisi favorece limitar términos del gobernador pero rechaza posibilidad del referéndum revocatorio"
758:
4436:
4195:
4119:
4096:
3409:
3329:
3324:
3199:
2284:
2114:
2089:
2002:
1970:
1722:
1718:
1694:
1200:
1132:
1097:
the commonwealth which, in the exercise of our natural rights, we now create within our union with the
927:
293:
223:
4618:
2176:"JosĂ© "Conny" Varela anuncia vistas pĂșblicas sobre posibles enmiendas a la ConstituciĂłn | Legislatura"
1018:
4633:
4556:
4501:
4471:
4391:
3995:
3741:
3419:
3384:
3289:
3264:
1370:
1248:
260:
1312:
There are a number of variations that make the Puerto Rico Bill of Rights distinct from that of the
764:
In 1960, 1961, 1964 and 1970 voters approved amendments to the constitution in various referendums.
4536:
4511:
4486:
4446:
4431:
4401:
4185:
3962:
3885:
3822:
3736:
3672:
3404:
3354:
3334:
3309:
3299:
3284:
3274:
3259:
3239:
3214:
3204:
3194:
1927:
1644:
1629:
1532:
Section Twelve outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, unless duly convicted. It also prohibits
1272:
868:
462:
437:
3817:
3790:
1814:
Article Five describes the powers, structure, functions, responsibilities, and legal scope of the
1705:
Article Four describes the powers, structure, functions, responsibilities, and legal scope of the
816:
In 1994 and 2012 constitutional amendments were proposed but these were unsuccessful. In 2021 the
320:
158:
4551:
4491:
4456:
4411:
4347:
4268:
4170:
4124:
4033:
4013:
3983:
3746:
3424:
3399:
3304:
3244:
3219:
3189:
3179:
1835:
1706:
1690:
1276:
872:
715:
213:
149:
943:
4506:
4496:
4476:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4307:
4220:
4144:
4134:
4084:
3758:
3684:
3628:
3565:
3530:
3359:
3314:
3254:
3229:
3184:
1675:
1671:
1620:. It also established the composition of each house, and that Puerto Rico must be divided into
1003:
993:
958:
800:
749:
402:
90:
47:
2261:
1167:
establishes the new government for the unincorporated territory, which shall bear the name of
4593:
4481:
4426:
4288:
4248:
4065:
3800:
3389:
3269:
3234:
2074:
1843:
1745:
1605:
1544:
1172:
998:
754:
718:
519:
289:
95:
1666:
The article also established that the sessions of each house must be open, what constitutes
978:
557:
384:
4516:
4441:
4323:
4278:
4273:
4258:
4175:
4101:
3863:
3461:
3394:
3349:
3249:
1891:
1823:
1636:
1403:
1369:
Section Three is the religious clause of the Constitution of Puerto Rico. It prohibits the
1268:
1224:
1192:
302:
2153:
8:
4575:
4263:
4114:
3954:
3946:
3915:
1647:, as these require at least two thirds of the vote of each house in order to be enacted.
1407:
1374:
1228:
1220:
218:
2257:
Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: Hispanic Americans and Native Americans
821:
411:
355:
4328:
4038:
4023:
3928:
3807:
3795:
3555:
2077:
1907:
1839:
1741:
1714:
1551:
1537:
1457:
1329:
1236:
790:
779:
772:
757:
proclaimed that the constitution was in effect. In a speech on July 25, 2013, Governor
744:
The proposed constitution was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 82% of the voters in a
193:
176:
3827:
3134:
1251:. It also prohibits several discriminations, namely discrimination made on account of
420:
2265:
2203:"Proponen mĂĄs cambios a la ConstituciĂłn: incluyen aumentar el salario del gobernador"
1492:
1411:
1399:
1291:
1240:
1232:
953:
841:
492:
3692:
4233:
3938:
3714:
3434:
2293:
2123:
2098:
2011:
1979:
1470:
1306:
1294:
1209:
1184:
722:
695:
2927:
983:
375:
3763:
2970:
2255:
1526:
1275:. The bill even took a step further by declaring such principles as essential to
833:
795:
650:
3920:
3697:
840:
for legislators but has expressed opposition to proposals for the creation of a
3778:
3768:
3724:
3550:
1635:
The article also established a board that must revise the districts after each
1500:
1496:
1287:
1244:
1213:
1115:
The democratic system is fundamental to the life of the Puerto Rican community;
707:
338:
2976:
4749:
3113:
1533:
1450:
1355:
1302:
1298:
1183:
Article Two of the Constitution of Puerto Ricoâtitled as the Bill of Rights (
1098:
938:(PIP) abstained from participating. The following is a list of the delegates:
577:
4369:
1282:
The Bill of Rights also establishes explicitly that there shall be complete
3933:
3773:
3702:
2305:
s:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico#ARTICLE II BILL OF RIGHTS
1516:
1512:
1140:
The Preamble of the Constitution of Puerto Rico is more extensive than the
808:
relationship established between Puerto Rico and United States of America.
346:
67:
1511:
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to have a
3560:
3518:
1617:
1609:
1558:
1321:
1260:
1196:
837:
804:
703:
342:
1476:
Section Nine creates more liberties for the press. It establishes that:
645:
3487:
2898:"Federal Relations Act (FRA) codified on U.S. Code Title 48, Chapter 4"
2106:
2019:
1987:
1876:, with the Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act and with Public Law 600,
1682:
1317:
1045:
137:
1806:, establishing the Secretary of State as first in line of succession.
1791:. The Department of Agriculture and Commerce was later renamed to the
1438:
Section Seven contain several important fundamental rights. It reads;
824:
began a discussion over amending the constitution. The speaker of the
4580:
1601:
1044:
of the current commonwealth of Puerto Rico, established 10 permanent
1578:
welfare of the people shall likewise not be construed restrictively.
857:
721:
proclaimed that the constitution was in effect. July 25 is known as
4566:
3719:
2710:
2708:
2447:
2445:
2314:
2312:
1681:
Article Four also established the parliamentary procedure to enact
1660:
829:
3545:
1822:. The article also establishes that the Supreme Court must be the
1506:
Section Eleven is primarily devoted to the rights of the accused.
41:
27:
Constitution of the commonwealth and unincorporated U.S. territory
2705:
2442:
2309:
1858:
2161:
1667:
1256:
1252:
1068:
Committee on the Transitional Provisions of the General Affairs
1053:
Committee on the Preamble, Ordinances, and Amendment Procedures
2904:. Cornell University Law School. July 25, 1952. Archived from
1387:
The last sentence specifically and concretely establishes the
1264:
2154:"Puerto Rico v. Valle, 579 U.S. ___ (2016): Opinion (Kagan)"
1316:. For instance in Puerto Rico they do not have the right to
1834:. It also establishes that judges must be appointed by the
1453:
will not exist under the jurisdiction of the commonwealth.
2110:
2023:
1991:
1802:
The article also established the first steps towards the
1156:
The remainder of the document consists of nine articles:
4370:
Constitutions of states and dependencies in the Americas
1685:, namely that they must be printed, read, referred to a
3164:
2040:"ÂżCuĂĄntas enmiendas se le han hecho a la ConstituciĂłn?"
1721:. It also establishes that the governor must present a
1427:
to the extent permitted by the facilities of the state.
1328:
rights which are deemed fundamental under Puerto Rican
1763:, namely the departments of Agriculture and Commerce,
1740:, and that all secretaries must be appointed with the
918:
Twelve weeks after the people of Puerto Rico approved
1943:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
828:
proposed increasing the governor's salary, replacing
700:
ConstituciĂłn del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico
60:
ConstituciĂłn del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico
2928:"U.S. Code Title 48, Chapter 4, Subchapter I, § 731"
2160:from the original on December 11, 2023 – via
1591:
1245:
freedom from warrants issued without probable cause
2285:
2253:
2115:
2090:
2003:
1971:
1849:
1489:Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1201:
2037:
1711:executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico
1570:Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1396:First Amendment to the United States Constitution
1071:Committee on the Editorial, Style, and Enrollment
1040:The delegates, which would eventually become the
710:. It was ratified by Puerto Rico's electorate in
4747:
4201:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
1820:judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico
1700:
1159:
3006:
2200:
1809:
1797:Department of Commerce and Economic Development
1151:
920:to write their own constitution in a referendum
692:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
134:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
35:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
1178:
4355:
3503:
3150:
2992:
1859:Article Seven: Amendments to the Constitution
1752:which requires the advice and consent of the
1337:the dignity of the human being is inviolable'
1286:, and that Puerto Rico must have a system of
1219:The bill enumerates several freedoms, namely
671:
58:
4689:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2201:Rivera Clemente, Yaritza (August 23, 2021).
1670:, and where should they meet, namely in the
1320:but they do have direct protections against
1237:freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
702:) is the controlling government document of
367:30th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
1804:Puerto Rico governmental line of succession
1087:Preamble of the Constitution of Puerto Rico
886:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4362:
4348:
3510:
3496:
3157:
3143:
2999:
2985:
2130:and officially proclaimed on July 25, 1952
1142:Preamble to the United States Constitution
678:
664:
40:
1923:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
1335:Section One begins by establishing that '
906:Learn how and when to remove this message
3517:
1799:was created by extraconstitutional law.
285:17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
1731:Budget of the Government of Puerto Rico
14:
4748:
2260:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
1898:Federal tribunals in the United States
1880:, adopted in the nature of a compact".
1759:Article Four also established several
1729:each year, as well as a report on the
1550:Section Fourteen prohibits the use of
811:
548:United States House of Representatives
46:Exhibition of the Constitution at the
4761:Constitutions of country subdivisions
4343:
4206:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
3491:
3138:
2980:
1903:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
1429:The section further establishes that
1199:. The Bill of Rights was mandated by
2033:
2031:
1826:, and that it must be composed by a
1394:Section Four is very similar to the
884:adding citations to reliable sources
851:
553:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
3166:State constitutions (United States)
2038:Comunicaciones_MJ (July 24, 2020).
1938:Special Committee on Decolonization
1568:Section Nineteen is similar to the
1495:. Furthermore, it declares that no
1059:Committee on the Legislative Branch
847:
746:popular referendum on March 3, 1952
741:and inclusion of a Bill of Rights.
24:
3601:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
3109:Commonwealths of the United States
2290:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2120:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2095:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2066:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
2008:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1976:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1795:, while several decades later the
1588:), or the right to travel abroad.
1341:all men are equal before the law.'
1206:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
769:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
4782:
3083:Constitution of the United States
2949:
2028:
1874:Constitution of the United States
1736:The article also establishes the
1596:The article establishes that the
1456:Second, the section contains the
1062:Committee on the Executive Branch
771:appeared to have interpreted the
4771:Political history of Puerto Rico
4565:
4532:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1953:Territories of the United States
1918:Privileges and Immunities Clause
1592:Article Three: Legislative power
1543:Section Thirteen guarantees the
1249:all men are equal before the law
1065:Committee on the Judicial Branch
856:
644:
157:
128:
3591:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
3119:Political status of Puerto Rico
2934:. Cornell University Law School
2920:
2890:
2864:
2838:
2812:
2786:
2760:
2734:
2679:
2653:
2627:
2601:
2575:
2549:
2523:
2497:
2471:
2416:
2390:
2364:
2338:
2298:
2278:
2247:
2221:
2156:. United States Supreme Court.
1948:United States territorial court
1913:Political status of Puerto Rico
1850:Article Six: General Provisions
1056:Committee on the Bill of Rights
936:Puerto Rican Independence Party
483:Puerto Rican Independence Party
118:in union with the United States
106:92 delegates from three parties
2194:
2168:
2146:
2133:
2083:
2058:
1996:
1964:
1487:Section Ten is similar to the
1389:separation of church and state
1284:separation of church and state
13:
1:
1958:
1872:applicable provisions of the
1701:Article Four: Executive Power
1160:Article One: The Commonwealth
1148:of the Federal Constitution.
712:a referendum on March 3, 1952
639:Politics of the United States
525:Municipalities of Puerto Rico
239:Government-owned corporations
18:Bill of Rights of Puerto Rico
2141:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
1816:Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
1810:Article Five: Judicial Power
1354:Section Two establishes the
1241:security in personal effects
1152:Articles of the Constitution
1034:Ubaldino RamĂrez de Arellano
932:Puerto Rican Socialist Party
786:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
7:
4756:Constitution of Puerto Rico
3955:Puerto Rican crested anole
3008:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2932:Legal Information Institute
2902:Legal Information Institute
2876:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2850:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2824:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2798:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2772:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2746:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2720:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2691:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2665:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2639:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2613:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2587:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2561:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2535:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2509:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2483:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2457:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2428:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2402:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2376:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2350:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2324:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2254:Jeffrey D. Schultz (2000).
2128:82nd United States Congress
1933:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
1884:
1717:of the militia, namely the
1663:of their respective house.
1557:Section Fifteen deals with
1179:Article Two: Bill of Rights
1169:Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
1080:
10:
4787:
1723:State of the State address
1719:Puerto Rico National Guard
1297:. It also establishes the
1265:social origin or condition
1084:
1029:Rubén Gaztambide Arrillaga
930:, while 7 belonged to the
928:Republican Statehood Party
926:(PPD), 15 belonged to the
731:
488:Citizen's Victory Movement
294:26th Senate of Puerto Rico
234:Fiscal agent and financing
184:United States Constitution
4766:Government of Puerto Rico
4707:
4674:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4574:
4563:
4375:
4301:
4219:
4166:
4157:
4092:
4083:
3991:
3982:
3906:
3871:
3862:
3849:
3842:
3742:El Yunque National Forest
3680:
3671:
3619:
3538:
3529:
3447:
3433:
3172:
3104:Constitutional Convention
3096:
3070:
3014:
2661:"Article III, Section 22"
2635:"Article III, Section 21"
2609:"Article III, Section 19"
2583:"Article III, Section 17"
2557:"Article III, Section 15"
2531:"Article III, Section 13"
2505:"Article III, Section 12"
2479:"Article III, Section 11"
1793:Department of Agriculture
1645:constitutional amendments
1375:free exercise of religion
1371:establishment of religion
1193:the most important rights
603:Proposed political status
312:Larry Seilhamer RodrĂguez
127:
122:
110:
102:
86:
66:
54:
39:
34:
4694:Turks and Caicos Islands
4239:Buildings and structures
3467:Northern Mariana Islands
2956:Text of the Constitution
2453:"Article III, Section 9"
2424:"Article VII, Section 1"
2398:"Article III, Section 7"
2372:"Article III, Section 4"
2346:"Article III, Section 2"
2320:"Article III, Section 3"
2207:El Vocero de Puerto Rico
1928:Puerto Rican citizenship
1754:House of Representatives
1626:representative districts
1614:House of Representatives
1195:held by the citizens of
1108:In so doing, we declare:
1099:United States of America
924:Popular Democratic Party
826:House of Representatives
759:Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla
738:United States government
714:, and on July 25, 1952,
500:Political party strength
478:Popular Democratic Party
394:Gabriel RodrĂguez AguilĂł
363:House of Representatives
189:Puerto Rico Constitution
3747:Toro Negro State Forest
2794:"Article IV, Section 7"
2768:"Article IV, Section 6"
2742:"Article IV, Section 5"
2716:"Article IV, Section 2"
2687:"Article IV, Section 1"
1836:Governor of Puerto Rico
1707:Governor of Puerto Rico
1653:President of the Senate
1598:territorial legislature
1499:shall be issued unless
1077:held on March 3, 1952.
1019:Roberto SĂĄnchez Vilella
989:Miguel A. GarcĂa MĂ©ndez
330:Ăngel Chayanne MartĂnez
299:President of the Senate
150:Politics of Puerto Rico
4609:British Virgin Islands
2872:"Article V, Section 8"
2846:"Article V, Section 3"
2820:"Article V, Section 1"
1738:Council of Secretaries
1676:parliamentary immunity
1672:Capitol of Puerto Rico
1604:, and composed by the
1314:Federal Bill of Rights
1188:
994:Juan R. Garcia Delgado
959:Ernesto Ramos Antonini
801:United States Congress
750:United States Congress
699:
543:Federal representation
249:Office of the Governor
91:Capitol of Puerto Rico
74:; 72 years ago
59:
48:Capitol of Puerto Rico
4522:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4115:Operation "Bootstrap"
4066:Shadow representation
4061:Resident Commissioner
4019:Independence movement
3963:Unexpected snake eel
3576:Migration to New York
3571:Immigration to Hawaii
2969:July 4, 2015, at the
1878:Eighty-first Congress
1844:Senate of Puerto Rico
1761:executive departments
1746:Senate of Puerto Rico
1545:writ of habeas corpus
1398:. It establishes the
974:Heraclio Rivera ColĂłn
520:Mayors in Puerto Rico
473:New Progressive Party
321:Carmelo RĂos Santiago
308:President pro tempore
229:Executive departments
4029:Legislative Assembly
3947:Puerto Rican amazon
1892:Balzac v. Porto Rico
1824:court of last resort
1727:Legislative Assembly
1657:Speaker of the House
1404:freedom of the press
1225:freedom of the press
1133:Federal Constitution
1091:The Preamble reads:
944:Antonio FernĂłs Isern
880:improve this section
303:Thomas Rivera Schatz
4699:U.S. Virgin Islands
4542:Trinidad and Tobago
4387:Antigua and Barbuda
3916:Elfin woods warbler
3477:U.S. Virgin Islands
1628:for the purpose of
1408:freedom of assembly
1229:freedom of religion
1221:freedom of assembly
1014:RamĂłn Barreto PĂ©rez
934:. Members from the
812:Proposed amendments
651:Politics portal
381:Speaker pro tempore
4452:Dominican Republic
4130:Telecommunications
4054:Statehood movement
3929:Mona ground iguana
3808:Puerto Rico Trench
3779:Isleta de San Juan
3566:JonesâShafroth Act
3556:Intentona de Yauco
3124:Territorial Clause
2908:on October 7, 2009
1908:Law of Puerto Rico
1840:advice and consent
1832:Associate Justices
1750:Secretary of State
1742:advice and consent
1715:commander-in-chief
1674:. It also granted
1661:presiding officers
1552:titles of nobility
1538:bills of attainder
1458:due process of law
1330:constitutional law
979:Lino PadrĂłn Rivera
964:Fernando J. GĂ©igel
791:U.S. Supreme Court
780:U.S. Supreme Court
773:Territorial Clause
558:Jenniffer GonzĂĄlez
385:José Torres Zamora
254:Transition process
244:Line of succession
72:July 25, 1952
4743:
4742:
4337:
4336:
4297:
4296:
4153:
4152:
4079:
4078:
4044:Political parties
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3939:Opalescent grunt
3838:
3837:
3818:Grande de Arecibo
3667:
3666:
3485:
3484:
3132:
3131:
3071:Related documents
2235:. August 23, 2021
2233:Metro Puerto Rico
2044:Microjuris al DĂa
1748:, except for the
1412:right to petition
1400:freedom of speech
1373:and protects the
1233:freedom of speech
1004:Luis NegrĂłn LĂłpez
969:Francisco Anselmi
954:Celestino Iriarte
916:
915:
908:
842:recall referendum
688:
687:
537:Federal relations
468:Political Parties
403:UrayoĂĄn HernĂĄndez
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
4778:
4664:Saint Barthélemy
4624:Falkland Islands
4569:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4341:
4340:
4317:
4310:
4164:
4163:
4105:
4090:
4089:
4049:Political status
3999:
3989:
3988:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3924:
3869:
3868:
3847:
3846:
3678:
3677:
3606:Military history
3536:
3535:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3441:Washington, D.C.
3435:Federal district
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3097:Related subjects
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:, Truman Library
2960:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
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2240:
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2219:
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2214:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2182:. August 8, 2021
2172:
2166:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2126:ratified by the
2121:
2117:
2112:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1678:to its members.
1637:decennial census
1473:in Puerto Rico.
1471:right to privacy
1462:equal protection
1358:in Puerto Rico;
1307:right to liberty
1295:public education
1207:
1203:
1189:Carta de Derecho
1042:founding fathers
999:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
949:Augusto ValentĂn
911:
904:
900:
897:
891:
860:
852:
848:Founding fathers
822:Tatito HernĂĄndez
820:majority led by
755:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
723:Constitution Day
719:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
680:
673:
666:
649:
648:
591:Political status
412:Tatito HernĂĄndez
356:José Luis Dalmau
161:
145:
144:
132:
131:
82:
80:
75:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
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4785:
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4776:
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4746:
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4744:
4739:
4717:Central America
4703:
4578:
4570:
4561:
4378:
4371:
4368:
4338:
4333:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4293:
4284:Public holidays
4215:
4149:
4103:
4075:
3997:
3970:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3922:
3902:
3858:
3834:
3823:Grande de Loiza
3759:Caja de Muertos
3663:
3615:
3611:Women's history
3525:
3516:
3486:
3481:
3443:
3429:
3168:
3163:
3133:
3128:
3092:
3066:
3010:
3005:
2971:Wayback Machine
2958:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2878:. July 25, 1952
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2852:. July 25, 1952
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2826:. July 25, 1952
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2800:. July 25, 1952
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2774:. July 25, 1952
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2748:. July 25, 1952
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2722:. July 25, 1952
2714:
2713:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2693:. July 25, 1952
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2667:. July 25, 1952
2659:
2658:
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2642:
2641:. July 25, 1952
2633:
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2628:
2618:
2616:
2615:. July 25, 1952
2607:
2606:
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2592:
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2589:. July 25, 1952
2581:
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2576:
2566:
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2563:. July 25, 1952
2555:
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2540:
2538:
2537:. July 25, 1952
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2511:. July 25, 1952
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2485:. July 25, 1952
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2459:. July 25, 1952
2451:
2450:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2430:. July 25, 1952
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2404:. July 25, 1952
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2378:. July 25, 1952
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2352:. July 25, 1952
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2326:. July 25, 1952
2318:
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2029:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1887:
1861:
1852:
1812:
1703:
1641:political party
1594:
1527:double jeopardy
1460:as well as the
1273:religious ideas
1205:
1181:
1162:
1154:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1038:
1024:Roberto H. Todd
912:
901:
895:
892:
877:
861:
850:
834:Pedro Pierluisi
814:
796:Double Jeopardy
734:
684:
655:
643:
630:
629:
593:
583:
582:
538:
530:
529:
515:
505:
504:
493:Proyect Dignity
458:
450:
449:
440:
430:
429:
421:RamĂłn Luis Cruz
408:Minority Leader
390:Majority Leader
335:Minority Leader
317:Majority Leader
276:
266:
265:
209:
199:
198:
194:Puerto Rico law
179:
152:
129:
94:
78:
76:
73:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4784:
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4679:Sint Eustatius
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4614:Cayman Islands
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4254:Colloquialisms
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982:
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967:
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933:
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875:
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870:
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863:
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661:
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652:
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642:
640:
637:
636:
634:
633:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:Sovereigntism
606:
605:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
587:
586:
579:
578:Insular Cases
576:
567:
563:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
540:
534:
533:
526:
523:
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518:
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514:
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494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
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464:
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454:
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445:Supreme Court
443:
442:
439:
434:
433:
422:
418:
417:Minority Whip
415:
413:
409:
406:
404:
400:
399:Majority Whip
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395:
391:
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386:
382:
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377:
376:Johnny MĂ©ndez
373:
370:
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350:
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333:
331:
327:
326:Majority Whip
324:
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318:
315:
313:
309:
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126:
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4684:Sint Maarten
4669:Saint Martin
4653:
4576:Dependencies
4229:Architecture
4181:Demographics
4004:Constitution
4003:
3998:(government)
3934:Monito gecko
3774:Isla de Mona
3703:San Juan Bay
3698:MayagĂŒez Bay
3586:World War II
3546:Pre-Columbus
3472:Puerto Rico
3471:
3380:South Dakota
3370:Rhode Island
3365:Pennsylvania
3345:North Dakota
3007:
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2936:. Retrieved
2931:
2922:
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2180:elvocero.com
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2139:
2135:
2111:July 3, 1950
2085:
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2046:(in Spanish)
2043:
2024:July 3, 1952
1998:
1992:July 3, 1950
1966:
1890:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1830:and several
1813:
1801:
1785:Public Works
1758:
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1517:public trial
1510:
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1493:wire-tapping
1486:
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613:Independence
347:Vargas Vidot
188:
173:Constitution
172:
116:commonwealth
29:
4654:Puerto Rico
4581:territories
4527:Saint Lucia
4462:El Salvador
4196:LGBT rights
4120:Real estate
4097:Agriculture
4009:Debt crisis
3737:Dry forests
3621:Immigration
3596:Vietnam War
3581:World War I
3561:Foraker Act
3519:Puerto Rico
3449:Territories
3295:Mississippi
3210:Connecticut
2938:January 18,
2912:January 18,
1695:Comptroller
1618:lower house
1610:upper house
1559:child labor
1322:wiretapping
1197:Puerto Rico
1165:Article One
838:term limits
805:Elena Kagan
704:Puerto Rico
343:Juan Dalmau
281:Legislature
274:Legislative
4750:Categories
4649:Montserrat
4644:Martinique
4639:Guadeloupe
4437:Costa Rica
4269:Literature
4104:(currency)
3876:Amphibians
3715:Crash Boat
3539:Chronology
3410:Washington
3330:New Mexico
3325:New Jersey
3200:California
2882:August 11,
2856:August 11,
2830:August 11,
2804:August 11,
2778:August 11,
2752:August 11,
2726:August 11,
2697:August 11,
2671:August 11,
2645:August 11,
2619:August 11,
2593:August 11,
2567:August 11,
2541:August 11,
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2463:August 11,
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2408:August 11,
2382:August 11,
2356:August 11,
2330:August 11,
2239:August 24,
2213:August 24,
2186:August 24,
2109:, enacted
2101:, 64
2050:August 24,
2022:, enacted
2014:, 66
1990:, enacted
1982:, 64
1959:References
1687:commission
1622:senatorial
1503:is shown.
1364:franchise.
1339:and that '
1305:, and the
1146:principles
1046:committees
623:Status quo
261:First Lady
138:Wikisource
79:1952-07-25
4722:Caribbean
4634:Greenland
4557:Venezuela
4502:Nicaragua
4472:Guatemala
4392:Argentina
4377:Sovereign
4186:Education
4140:Transport
3957:(reptile)
3828:Portugués
3673:Geography
3420:Wisconsin
3385:Tennessee
3290:Minnesota
3265:Louisiana
1842:from the
1838:with the
1765:Education
1756:as well.
1744:from the
1630:elections
1602:bicameral
1536:laws and
1349:equality.
1269:political
1255:, color,
1191:)â lists
896:July 2020
867:does not
618:Statehood
463:Elections
457:Elections
207:Executive
123:Full text
114:Create a
103:Author(s)
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4537:Suriname
4512:Paraguay
4487:Honduras
4447:Dominica
4432:Colombia
4402:Barbados
4324:Category
4211:Religion
4171:Abortion
4034:Military
4014:Governor
3984:Politics
3949:(parrot)
3898:Reptiles
3801:San Juan
3791:MayagĂŒez
3764:Desecheo
3725:Flamenco
3720:El Tuque
3639:Corsican
3523:articles
3405:Virginia
3355:Oklahoma
3335:New York
3310:Nebraska
3300:Missouri
3285:Michigan
3275:Maryland
3260:Kentucky
3240:Illinois
3215:Delaware
3205:Colorado
3195:Arkansas
3088:Preamble
3015:Articles
2967:Archived
2158:Archived
1885:See also
1789:Treasury
1691:governor
1612:and the
1600:must be
1586:propiska
1410:and the
1173:San Juan
1123:assured;
1081:Preamble
830:at large
716:Governor
438:Judicial
214:Governor
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68:Ratified
4619:Curaçao
4604:Bonaire
4599:Bermuda
4552:Uruguay
4492:Jamaica
4467:Grenada
4457:Ecuador
4412:Bolivia
4397:Bahamas
4308:Outline
4259:Cuisine
4244:Casinos
4221:Culture
4159:Society
4145:Welfare
4135:Tourism
4102:Dollar
4085:Economy
3908:Endemic
3893:Mammals
3886:Vieques
3843:Ecology
3754:Islands
3732:Forests
3710:Beaches
3685:Barrios
3634:Chinese
3629:African
3531:History
3425:Wyoming
3400:Vermont
3305:Montana
3245:Indiana
3225:Georgia
3220:Florida
3190:Arizona
3180:Alabama
2286:Pub. L.
2116:Pub. L.
2091:Pub. L.
2004:Pub. L.
1972:Pub. L.
1773:Justice
1725:to the
1616:as the
1608:as the
1292:secular
1202:Pub. L.
1185:Spanish
888:removed
873:sources
748:. The
732:History
696:Spanish
372:Speaker
219:Cabinet
111:Purpose
77: (
4507:Panama
4497:Mexico
4477:Guyana
4422:Canada
4417:Brazil
4407:Belize
4379:states
4329:Portal
4289:Sports
4249:Cinema
4191:Health
4039:Police
3965:(fish)
3941:(fish)
3923:(frog)
3813:Rivers
3659:Jewish
3649:German
3644:French
3521:
3360:Oregon
3315:Nevada
3255:Kansas
3230:Hawaii
3185:Alaska
3173:States
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2124:82â447
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1769:Health
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1668:quorum
1606:Senate
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1243:, and
1210:81â600
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4594:Aruba
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4315:Index
4279:Music
4274:Media
4176:Crime
3881:Birds
3864:Fauna
3796:Ponce
3689:Bays
3654:Irish
3390:Texas
3270:Maine
3235:Idaho
3057:Eight
3052:Seven
3032:Three
2103:Stat.
2073:
2016:Stat.
1984:Stat.
1781:State
1777:Labor
1683:bills
1267:, or
1261:birth
4659:Saba
4579:and
4517:Peru
4442:Cuba
4264:Flag
3462:Guam
3395:Utah
3350:Ohio
3250:Iowa
3062:Nine
3042:Five
3037:Four
2940:2010
2914:2010
2884:2013
2858:2013
2832:2013
2806:2013
2780:2013
2754:2013
2728:2013
2699:2013
2673:2013
2647:2013
2621:2013
2595:2013
2569:2013
2543:2013
2517:2013
2491:2013
2465:2013
2436:2013
2410:2013
2384:2013
2358:2013
2332:2013
2266:ISBN
2241:2021
2215:2021
2188:2021
2113:and
2075:U.S.
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1655:and
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