592:
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collisions where a motorised vehicle is not involved as a collision partner i.e. single cyclist, cyclist-pedestrian or cyclist-cyclist collisions have lower odds of being reported to the police. Lower severity collisions (including those that do not result in hospital attendance) can incur significant costs, and result in long-term effects. The
Belgian SHAPES project found costs for minor injuries primarily related to loss of productivity, and other intangible costs. The French ESPARR study found that close to half of those who experience a minor injury in a road traffic collision in RhĂ´ne (MAIS1 or MAIS2) still experienced regular pain after a year. Therefore, the characteristics of cyclist collisions is an active area of research. In the United States, bicycle crashes may be grounds for personal injury lawsuits.
512:
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286:- When a vehicle door is opened without checking for passing cyclists beforehand and so the cyclist collides with the vehicle door. This is associated with the commonplace layout of streets with vehicles parallel parked near the curb, and cyclists riding between parked vehicles and moving vehicles. Cyclists can protect themselves from dooring by riding outside of the door zone and never right next to parked cars.
227:
greater in the United States compared to other western states such as
Germany, Canada, and the Netherlands. In a 2014 analysis, there were 4.7 cycling deaths per 100 million kilometers cycled in the U.S., compared to 1.3 deaths per 100 million kilometers in Germany, 1.0 in the Netherlands, and 1.1 in Denmark. In the United Kingdom, cyclists have half of the rate (killed and serious injury per km) of
552:
undertake them (pass on their left) before they turn left. The aim is to reduce the type of 'left turn' tragedies such as happened to Marta
Kraweic. However it remains to be seen if it is a positive move to enable undertaking of left turning vehicles rather than promote caution in holding back until the vehicle ahead completes its manoeuvre and in the knowledge of mirror blind spots existing.
3154:
503:
risk of cycling accidents has been found to be lowest on segregated on-road bike lanes and routes. Higher risk was associated with cycling on multi-use non-segregated facilities with a lack of any designated cycling infrastructure (i.e. sidewalks, unmarked roads). Major arterial thoroughfares have also been shown to be more dangerous for cyclists than minor roads.
424:— turned Dutch government policy around and the country began to restrict motor vehicles in its towns and cities and to direct its focus on growth towards other forms of transport, with the bicycle perceived as critical in making Dutch streets safer and towns and cities more people-friendly and livable.
1333:
Shinar, D; Valero-Mora, P; van Strijp-Houtenbos, M; Haworth, N; Schramm, A; De Bruyne, G; Cavallo, V; Chliaoutakis, J; Dias, J; Ferraro, O.E.; Fyhri, E; Sajatovic, H; Kuklane, K; Ledesma, R; Mascarell, O; Morandi, A; Muser, M; Otte, D; Papadakaki, M; SanmartĂn, J; Dulf, D; Saplioglu, M; Tzamalouka, G
680:
Cycling experts such as the UK's John
Franklin emphasise the importance of assertive cycling and good road positioning. Franklin advocates the use of road positions that will give cyclists a good view of the road, will make cyclists visible to other road-users, and will discourage risky behaviour by
614:
Cycling lights are typically of lower power than those on motor vehicles, but well-designed lights are perfectly adequate for the lower speed of bicycles. The best bicycle headlights have beams shaped to efficiently light the road. These are also suitably conspicuous to other road users. In order to
393:
said: "The meagre efforts made to separate cyclists from motor traffic have failed, tracks are inadequate, the problem of treating them at junctions and intersections is completely unsolved, and the attitude of the cyclists themselves to these admittedly unsatisfactory tracks has not been as helpful
218:
statistics. In the United States, cycling remains a more dangerous mode of transportation when compared to automobiles (not considering total distance traveled). According to NPR, the number of bicyclists hit by vehicles rose at an alarming rate during the COVID pandemic, and a leading cause of this
413:
The trend away from the bicycle and towards motor cars only began to decrease in the 1970s, when Dutch people took to the streets to protest against the large number of child deaths on the roads: in some years, over 500 children were killed in car accidents in the
Netherlands. This protest movement
279:
Failure of drivers to see or anticipate bicycles. This happens especially at cross sections where cyclists are often forced to ride on bike infrastructure to the right (in right-hand drive jurisdictions) of traffic. Especially when large trucks are involved, the cyclist can fall under the wheels of
238:
Causes of crashes vary according to local conditions. Road conditions, weather, speed, brakes, rider visibility, bicycle and automobile traffic, driving under the influence, riding under the influence, and distracted driving are contributing factors to accidents. Many bicycle crashes are unreported
547:. These signs are directed against a common type of accident which occurs when the large vehicle turns left at a junction: a cyclist trying to pass on the nearside can be crushed against the HGV's wheels, especially if the driver cannot see the cyclist. The signs, such as the winning design of the
551:
launched in March 2012, advocate extra care when passing a large vehicle on the nearside. This type of 'undertaking' has been promoted in UK with the
Highway Code revisions in January 2022. The duty of care is now placed on the larger vehicle and they are required to stop and permit the cycle to
502:
Understanding how to effectively reduce cycling accidents and injuries is in part limited by the lack of comprehensive studies regarding municipal infrastructures and the challenge of controlling for the wide range of risks involved with travel by cycle. Despite these statistical limitations, the
676:
and the development of
Britain's new National Standards for cycle training. In addition to technical improvements in brakes, tyres and bicycle construction generally (for example, it is now rare for a chain to snap and throw the rider when accelerating away from a stop) there are well-understood
637:
Avoiding cycling at or around dusk is a way to reduce the number of serious bike accidents. The majority of fatal car-bike accidents occur between 6pm and 9pm, likely due to the low-light conditions and potential glare of sunset, combined with traffic still being heavier, especially on weekdays.
242:
An international survey on underreporting of the most severe cycling collisions found reporting rates ranging between 0% (Israel) and 35% (Germany). Furthermore, there is biasing in the kinds of collisions that appear in official data (i.e. police, hospital, or insurance data). It is known that
226:
counted over 32,000 automobile related deaths in 2013 By comparison, WISQUARS, the CDC's injury statistics website, found just over 1,000 deaths from cycling in 2015. Despite the relative safety compared to automobiles, the number of fatalities and hospitalizations from cycling is significantly
610:
Headlights and taillights may be mounted on the bicycle or worn by the cyclist. Bicycle lights can be powered by replaceable batteries, by internal rechargeable batteries, or powered by a hub, bottle or roller dynamo that produces electrical energy when driven by the rotation of the wheels.
338:
Bicyclists are also subject to all the same types of collisions as vehicles, but without the protection of a metal shell - although generally traveling at lower speeds. These risks can be increased when traffic participants violate the rules of the road, such as going the wrong way down a
749:
became the first U.S. state to add questions about bicycle and pedestrian safety to the state driver's license exam and educational materials. The revised exam includes a bank of 11 unique questions, of which a minimum of two are automatically generated within every 40-question DMV test.
1312:"Motorcyclists have an especially poor safety record when compared to other road user groups. Their killed and serious injury (KSI) rate in the UK, per million vehicle kilometres, is approximately twice that of pedal cyclists and over 16 times that of car drivers and passengers."
716:. For drivers and passengers exiting the left side of the vehicle, this involves opening the left-hand door with the right hand, forcing the person both to open the door more slowly and to turn so that bicycles approaching from behind the car are visible.
333:
Road rage: Some vehicle drivers may try to 'punish' cyclists for what they perceive as selfish behaviour in 'holding them up unnecessarily' and so when overtaking them will pass them too closely or cut in too sharply or sound their horn at them.
732:
programs such as their recent "Alert Today, Alive
Tomorrow" and "Put it Down" (regarding cell phone use) campaigns for pedestrians and cyclists. Additionally, FDOT also supports statewide educational programs offering educational materials and
1385:
De Geus, Bas; Vandenbulcke, Grégory; Int Panis, Luc; Thomas, Isabelle; Degraeuwe, Bart; Cumps, Elke; Aertsens, Joris; Torfs, Rudi; Meeusen, Romain (2012). "A prospective cohort study on minor accidents involving commuter cyclists in
Belgium".
312:
Proceeding past stopped traffic can result in collisions with vehicles entering or exiting a junction or turn. Oncoming bicycles may not be visible to drivers as the stopped vehicles may block them from seeing cyclists until the last minute.
367:
During the mid-20th century, the traffic engineering solutions were sought which eased the passage of traffic through the streets and also protected vulnerable road users. In the 1940s, an influential proponent of this ideology was
564:
has developed various bicycle signage for motorists, which have evolved over recent years. Signs and signals designed exclusively for bicycles are occasionally used to denote multiple use paths and bicycle facilities.
1064:
The suspected primary reason of car-cyclist accidents was almost exclusively the driver's fault, in a total of 7,889 cases (99.6%), therefore we did not detail the accident numbers belonging to other reasons
309:. This can cause the bicycle to stop while the rider goes over the handlebars, or it can cause the wheel to travel in a direction different from the rest of the bicycle, which can lead to falling sideways.
405:
on interurban routes in the 1970s reportedly resulted in a 50% decrease in accidents. It is reported that the Danes have also found that separate cycle tracks lead to a reduction in rural collisions.
615:
be effective, it is best for lights to be securely attached to the bicycle and properly aimed, not mounted on soft bags or loose clothing. In the US, state and local ordinances usually require this.
483:
have inspired states and municipalities to rethink present traffic engineering. Following the viral popularity of a video created by video game developer Nick Falbo in
February 2014, Dutch-style
2109:
646:
A 2024 study found that among US cities with similar populations, those with denser urban cores and higher bicycling rates had lower overall fatality rates for automobiles and pedestrians.
1475:
Aertsens, J.; De Geus, B.; Vandenbulcke, G.; Degraeuwe, B.; Broekx, S.; De Nocker, L.; Liekens, I.; Mayeres, I.; Meeusen, R.; Thomas, I.; Torfs, R.; Willems, H.; Int Panis, L. (2010).
1310:
1734:"Oregon Department of Transportation : Oregon Driver Manual - Section 7: Safe and Responsible Driving : Oregon Driver & Motor Vehicle Services : State of Oregon"
187:
Most bicycling fatalities occur as a result of collision with a motor vehicle. Studies in multiple countries have found that drivers are at fault in the majority of these crashes.
168:
can be defined as the number of incidents occurring for a given amount of cycling. Some of this subject matter is hotly debated: for example, which types of cycling environment or
1758:
2046:
2473:
Figure IV.7 Pedestrian and cyclist accidents by road type. RS7:Safety of Vulnerable Road Users, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, August 1998
2052:(Press release). The Netherlands: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. Fietsberaad (Expertise Centre for Cycling Policy). 2009. Archived from
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indicates that rural locations account for 35% or more of cycling fatalities in Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Japan, the Netherlands, and Spain.
1514:
Hours, Martine; Chossegros, Laetitia; Charnay, Pierrette; Tardy, Hélène; Nhac-Vu, Hoang Thy; Boisson, Dominique; Luauté, Jacques; Laumon, Bernard (2013).
389:, defined future government policy until the end of the century. Buchanan knew that segregation had not been proven to work for cyclists: his 1958 book
3009:
2117:
1659:"Investigation of bicycle accidents involving collisions with the opening door of parking vehicles and demands for a suitable driver assistance system"
1107:"Buehler R, Pucher J. Have walking and cycling become safer? Recent evidence from high-income countries, with a focus on the United States and Germany"
584:
Helmet use varies from almost none in some regions to being mandatory for children to being mandatory for all cyclists. Helmets are required in most
2389:
1891:
896:
BĂl, Michal; BĂlová, Martina; Dobiáš, Martin; Andrášik, Richard (2016). "Circumstances and causes of fatal cycling crashes in the Czech Republic".
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Direct rear impacts with cyclists are more likely on arterial/rural roads, and are more likely to kill people on these roads. Data collated by the
2887:
352:
1875:
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1961:
415:
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Pucher, John; Dill, Jennifer; Handy, Susan (2010). "Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review".
2331:
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Bicycling in rain or snow can significantly decrease visibility if wearing glasses, goggles, or helmet with wind screen, due to lack of
1336:"Under-reporting bicycle accidents to police in the COST TU1101 international survey: Cross-country comparisons and associated factors"
1226:
431:, with 36% of the people listing the bicycle as their most frequent mode of transport on a typical day as opposed to the car (45%) and
223:
2203:
591:
2021:
3269:
3259:
3108:
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2345:"Traffic safety for all road users: A paired comparison study of small & mid-sized U.S. cities with high/low bicycling rates"
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that: "If we could segregate pedestrians completely from the wheeled traffic, we could of course abolish pedestrian casualties".
1633:
91:
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1249:"Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
725:
63:
2053:
1708:
1158:"Motor vehicle crash injury rates by mode of travel, United States: Using exposure-based methods to quantify differences"
397:
Appropriately designed segregated space for cyclists on arterial or interurban routes appears to reduce overall risk. In
1986:
1924:
588:. Helmets may help prevent head injuries, but laws that enforce helmet use have also been shown to discourage cycling.
972:
70:
3014:
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1111:
543:"Cities Fit For Cycling" campaign and from other media in 2012, warning signs are now displayed on the backs of many
110:
998:
420:(literally "Stop the Child Murder" in Dutch). The success of this movement — along with other factors, such as the
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44:
77:
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48:
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2146:"The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: A review of the literature"
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59:
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The driver was the guilty party in 57 cases (68.7%) and the cyclist in the remaining 26 cases (31.3%).
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728:(FDOT), known for its "Arrive Alive" campaign for motorists in the 1970s, has since expanded into
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37:
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The bicycle, a study of efficiency usage and safety., D.F. Moore, An Foras Forbatha, Dublin 1975
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Reynolds, Conor CO; Harris, M Anne; Teschke, Kay; Cripton, Peter A.; Winters, Meghan (2009).
737:, such as the Florida PedBike Resource Center, and the University of Miami BikeSafe Program.
480:
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84:
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Falling due to lack of traction on slippery surfaces, such as ice, mud, or railroad track.
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8:
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2017:
2010:
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944:"Rising cyclist death toll is mainly due to drivers, so change the road laws and culture"
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is common and safe due to road designs that separate bicycle traffic from motor vehicles.
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Up from 31% naming the bike their main mode of transport for daily activities in 2011.
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Bells or other audible signaling devices are required equipment in many jurisdictions.
380:
2229:
1426:"Characteristics of cyclist collisions in Ireland: Analysis of a self-reported survey"
523:
372:, an assistant commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police. Tripp argued in his book
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the motor vehicle. (Some trucks are equipped with metal side guards to prevent this.)
232:
1759:"What causes road rage between cyclists and drivers? We asked a transport historian"
1614:
1198:"More cyclists are being killed by cars. Advocates say U.S. streets are the problem"
511:
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1078:"BBC - A History of the World - Object : Replica of the world's first bicycle"
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2110:"Four U.S. Cities are racing to open the country's first protected intersection"
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959:
In Australia, drivers are to blame for at least 79% of accidents with cyclists.
771:
672:
Primary safety education has advanced significantly through programmes such as
595:
Using retroreflector and Cat-Eye on a bicycle, showing day and night difference
585:
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492:
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and by making cycling routes shorter, quicker and more direct than car routes.
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Study shows bicycle-friendly cities are safer for all road users even drivers
1996:
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behavioural models which actively manage the risk posed by other road users.
528:
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1317:
Road Safety Research Report No. 54. In-depth Study of Motorcycle Accidents
487:
began to gain interest with metropolitan planning organizations. By 2015,
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Falling sideways if going too slowly or carrying a heavy, unbalanced load.
251:
3185:
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2983:
2973:
2912:
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1822:. The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE). 2006.
1516:"Outcomes one year after a road accident: Results from the ESPARR cohort"
1362:
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863:
846:
705:
455:
436:
428:
298:
264:
2270:"Figure 9B-4 Long Description, Sheet 1 of 2 - MUTCD 2009 Edition - FHWA"
2230:"Dr Marta Krawiec: Warnings ignored and yet another London cyclist dies"
847:"Bicycle injuries and helmet use: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
343:, failing to stop at a red light, or traveling at night without lights.
2978:
2932:
2809:
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2342:
1251:. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 18 September 2019.
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became the first three U.S. cities to feature protected intersections.
451:
443:
200:
131:
123:
1452:
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527:
Signs and signals for both bicycles and drivers at an intersection in
442:
This high modal share for bicycle travel is enabled by unusually flat
214:
has diminished over the last 25 years according to a 2017 analysis of
195:
The first recorded bicycle crash occurred in 1842, reportedly between
3241:
3063:
2892:
2824:
142:
136:
1474:
973:"Biggest reason for fatal cycling crashes? Drivers overtaking bikes"
263:
Bicyclists demonstrating a safe overtaking distance with the use of
26:
2631:
2626:
2204:"The Highway Code: 8 changes you need to know from 29 January 2022"
2079:"Promoting Active Transportation: An Opportunity for Public Health"
1991:
654:
306:
1384:
255:
Hazardous slots in storm drain where cyclists' tires may get stuck
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2485:
713:
699:
516:
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290:
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207:. The report, however, is vague and the identification disputed.
204:
161:
999:"Risky cycling rarely to blame for bike accidents, study finds"
1582:"Teens Are Dying on E-Bikes. Should California Regulate Them?"
708:(so named because the practice started in the Netherlands) in
289:
Getting a wheel stuck in a road irregularity, such as a large
184:
may reduce the chance of head injury in the event of a crash.
2095:
746:
3153:
2143:
1477:"Commuting by bike in Belgium, the costs of minor accidents"
2500:
Kids' Bicycle Safety and Educational Curriculum for Schools
2445:"Idaho driver's test now asks you about bikes, pedestrians"
2343:
Nicholas N. Ferenchak; Wesley E. Marshall (December 2024).
1513:
759:
215:
165:
2503:
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2742:
2497:
1081:
2139:
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2135:
1784:"The DDC Instructor And Administrative Reference Guide"
1155:
895:
16:
Safety practices to reduce risk associated with cycling
2132:
1156:
Beck, L. F.; Dellinger, A. M.; O'Neil, M. E. (2007).
1026:"Car-pedestrian and car-cyclist accidents in Hungary"
210:
The overall risk of death from a cycling accident in
2488:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA)
1680:"Alaska Highway Maintenance and Operations Handbook"
515:
Sign warning cyclists of recessed railway tracks in
942:Chambers, Peter; Andrews, Tom (17 September 2018).
239:and therefore not included in official statistics.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3010:List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies
1849:
971:
681:other road users; he often advocates the use of a
568:
439:of 27% of all trips (urban and rural) nationwide.
172:is safest for cyclists. The merits of obeying the
3326:
844:
2888:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
2282:
1987:"Why is cycling so popular in the Netherlands?"
1896:"How Child Road Deaths Changed the Netherlands"
1264:"Safer Cycling Through Improved Infrastructure"
941:
704:Various jurisdictions include recommending the
353:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
1890:
1847:
317:is specifically illegal in some jurisdictions.
3296:List of people who died in traffic collisions
3079:
2519:
2349:Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research
1886:
1884:
1634:"How truck side guards help protect cyclists"
1261:
1104:
427:Cycling is a common mode of transport in the
1878:, Danish Roads Directorate, Copenhagen, 1998
1615:"Looked-but-failed-to-see-errors in traffic"
1869:
1579:
1423:
1023:
845:Olivier, Jake; Creighton, Prudence (2017).
180:at night are less controversial. Wearing a
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3072:
2526:
2512:
1881:
1832:
1227:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
224:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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1925:"Car Free Sundays, a 40 year anniversary"
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1041:
872:
862:
160:practices to reduce risk associated with
127:Incident where a cyclist was hit by a car
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
3030:List of films about bicycles and cycling
2096:"Protected Intersections for Bicyclists"
683:centre-of-lane 'primary riding position'
653:
590:
522:
510:
479:Concern over national public health and
383:; his 1963 report for the UK Government
258:
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130:
122:
2442:
1811:
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3093:
2390:"Florida Department of Transportation"
1414:
1321:
1100:
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714:hitting a cyclist with an opening door
346:
3067:
2507:
2492:How to reduce the odds of a collision
1967:from the original on 8 September 2015
1900:BBC World Service - Witness programme
1631:
1580:Karlamangla, Soumya (2 August 2023).
1507:
1024:Glász, Attila; Juhász, János (2017).
851:International Journal of Epidemiology
688:
2498:University of Miami BikeSafe Program
2455:from the original on 4 November 2022
1804:
726:Florida Department of Transportation
618:
379:This philosophy was also pursued by
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
2256:""Share the Road" Signs Don't Work"
1095:
667:
649:
534:
13:
1520:Accident Analysis & Prevention
1430:Accident Analysis & Prevention
1388:Accident Analysis & Prevention
1340:Accident Analysis & Prevention
555:
539:Following increased pressure from
408:
14:
3351:
3015:List of BMX bicycle manufacturers
2612:History of cycling infrastructure
2479:
2319:"Bike Safety Tips - Complete Tri"
2027:from the original on 7 March 2014
1481:Accident: Analysis and Prevention
1268:American Journal of Public Health
1112:American Journal of Public Health
362:
219:was poor bicycle infrastructure.
3152:
3144:Traffic collision reconstruction
3048:
3047:
1262:Pucher, J.; Buehler, R. (2016).
1163:American Journal of Epidemiology
1105:Pucher, J.; Buehler, R. (2016).
1030:Transportation Research Procedia
802:Safety of cycling infrastructure
549:InTANDEM road safety competition
474:
25:
3035:List of doping cases in cycling
3020:List of bicycle-sharing systems
2467:
2443:Moeller, Katy (13 April 2016).
2436:
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2003:
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1672:
1651:
1625:
1607:
1573:
1548:
1468:
1378:
1304:
1255:
1241:
1215:
1190:
819:
753:
569:Safety equipment and strategies
36:needs additional citations for
3291:List of level crossing crashes
1835:Town Planning and Road Traffic
1632:Evans, Oliver (16 July 2019).
1149:
1070:
1017:
991:
964:
935:
889:
838:
693:
662:
632:
562:Federal Highway Administration
469:
374:Town Planning and Road Traffic
1:
2116:. 27 May 2015. Archived from
1960:. December 2014. p. 11.
910:10.1080/15389588.2015.1094183
832:
782:Hazards of outdoor recreation
275:Hazards to cyclists include:
3309:Template:Automotive handling
3227:Assured clear distance ahead
2494:with other vehicle operators
2430:"Alert Today Alive Tomorrow"
2047:"Cycling in the Netherlands"
1709:"Ride Within Your Abilities"
1424:Gildea, K; Simms, C (2021).
1223:"Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths"
7:
3252:Lists of traffic collisions
3237:Driving under the influence
2533:
2297:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028
1951:Quality of Transport report
1043:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.085
765:
135:Segregated cycling along a
10:
3356:
3191:Multiple-vehicle collision
2729:Sports-related cycling and
2362:10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100010
2011:Future of Transport report
719:
697:
685:when negotiating hazards.
641:
622:
603:
577:
573:
506:
357:
350:
246:
190:
147:Cycling in the Netherlands
3304:
3278:
3250:
3219:
3161:
3150:
3101:
3043:
2997:
2961:
2873:Bicycle poverty reduction
2843:
2728:
2640:
2569:
2541:
2020:. March 2011. p. 8.
1638:Canadian Cycling Magazine
1533:10.1016/j.aap.2012.03.037
1493:10.1016/j.aap.2010.07.008
1443:10.1016/j.aap.2020.105948
1400:10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.045
1353:10.1016/j.aap.2017.09.018
898:Traffic Injury Prevention
599:
2908:Bike Week (Bicycle Week)
1817:"The cost of bad design"
1280:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303507
1125:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303507
812:
740:
422:oil shortages of 1973–74
394:as it might have been".
199:, an early rider of the
3286:List of bridge failures
3176:Deer–vehicle collisions
1848:Colin Buchanan (1958).
485:protected intersections
460:protected intersections
3201:Run-off-road collision
2943:Protected intersection
2923:Cycling infrastructure
2665:Bicycle-sharing system
2607:History of the bicycle
2379:, 4th ed. Norwich: TSO
2171:10.1186/1476-069X-8-47
1763:Global Cycling Network
777:Cycling infrastructure
712:materials, to prevent
659:
596:
531:
520:
448:cycling infrastructure
272:
256:
203:, and a young girl in
170:cycling infrastructure
150:
128:
3005:List of bicycle types
2989:Sustainable transport
2748:Cross-country cycling
2731:fast-paced recreation
2570:General and technical
2375:Franklin, J. (2007).
874:1959.4/unsworks_46422
730:active transportation
657:
594:
526:
514:
481:active transportation
435:(11%). Cycling has a
262:
254:
134:
126:
3314:Template:Traffic law
3211:Single-vehicle crash
2396:on 30 September 2016
2321:. 27 September 2021.
2150:Environmental Health
1929:BicycleDutch website
1894:(27 November 2013).
493:Salt Lake City, Utah
231:but eight times the
197:Kirkpatrick McMillan
45:improve this article
3134:Vehicle extrication
2815:Road bicycle racing
2685:Cold-weather biking
2660:Bicycle rental/hire
2597:Bicycle performance
2416:"Florida T2 Center"
2285:Preventive Medicine
2258:. 2 September 2015.
2162:2009EnvHe...8...47R
2018:European Commission
1958:European Commission
1833:H.A. Tripp (1942).
1556:"Bicycle Accidents"
417:Stop de Kindermoord
401:, the provision of
370:Herbert Alker Tripp
347:Traffic engineering
212:developed countries
158:road traffic safety
3232:Distracted driving
3196:Rear-end collision
3095:Traffic collisions
2969:Bicycle collecting
2844:Health, safety and
2114:peopleforbikes.org
1931:. 30 November 2013
1621:. 1 December 2003.
1586:The New York Times
1176:10.1093/aje/kwm064
1005:. 15 December 2009
864:10.1093/ije/dyw153
792:Outline of cycling
689:Motorist education
660:
597:
532:
521:
273:
257:
233:rate for motorists
151:
129:
3322:
3321:
3181:Head-on collision
3171:Back-up collision
3124:Roadside memorial
3061:
3060:
2953:Vehicular cycling
2720:Vehicular cycling
2655:Bicycle messenger
2650:Bicycle commuting
2210:. 29 January 2022
1904:BBC World Service
1876:Pedestrian Safety
1689:. 2 February 2014
1274:(12): 2089–2091.
1119:(12): 2089–2091.
807:Vehicular cycling
797:Safety in numbers
787:Motorcycle safety
674:Effective Cycling
658:Bike safety rodeo
619:Audible signaling
489:Davis, California
414:was known as the
322:windshield wipers
121:
120:
113:
95:
3347:
3156:
3139:Vehicle recovery
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3025:List of cyclists
2918:Cycling advocacy
2903:Bike-to-Work Day
2858:Bicycle-friendly
2738:Artistic cycling
2680:Challenge riding
2641:Utility and slow
2602:Electric bicycle
2592:Bicycle geometry
2587:Bicycle dynamics
2528:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2392:. Archived from
2386:
2380:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2141:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1999:on 7 March 2014.
1995:. Archived from
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1487:(6): 2149–2157.
1472:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1330:
1319:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1045:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
975:
968:
962:
961:
956:
954:
948:The Conversation
939:
933:
932:
893:
887:
886:
876:
866:
842:
826:
823:
710:driver education
650:Safety education
606:Bicycle lighting
433:public transport
386:Traffic in Towns
178:bicycle lighting
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
60:"Bicycle safety"
53:
29:
21:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3300:
3274:
3246:
3215:
3163:Road collisions
3157:
3148:
3119:Park-to-reverse
3097:
3092:
3062:
3057:
3039:
2993:
2957:
2868:Bicycle parking
2853:Active mobility
2845:
2839:
2835:Unicycle trials
2830:Unicycle hockey
2793:Mountain biking
2730:
2724:
2715:Utility cycling
2710:Utility bicycle
2670:Bicycle touring
2642:
2636:
2582:Bicycle culture
2565:
2537:
2532:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2449:Idaho Statesman
2441:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2370:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2236:. 6 August 2021
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2142:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2120:on 11 July 2015
2108:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1846:
1842:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1626:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1512:
1508:
1473:
1469:
1422:
1415:
1383:
1379:
1331:
1322:
1309:
1305:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1154:
1150:
1103:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
970:
969:
965:
952:
950:
940:
936:
894:
890:
843:
839:
835:
830:
829:
824:
820:
815:
768:
756:
745:In April 2016,
743:
722:
702:
696:
691:
670:
665:
652:
644:
635:
627:
621:
608:
602:
582:
576:
571:
558:
537:
509:
477:
472:
464:bicycle parking
411:
409:The Netherlands
365:
360:
355:
349:
305:, or edge of a
303:expansion joint
249:
193:
156:is the use of
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3335:Cycling safety
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3206:Side collision
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2948:Tegelijk groen
2945:
2940:
2938:Lane splitting
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Bicycle safety
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2846:infrastructure
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2788:Gravel cycling
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:Cycle speedway
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Indoor cycling
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Tandem bicycle
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2480:External links
2478:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2435:
2421:
2407:
2381:
2368:
2335:
2324:
2310:
2275:
2261:
2247:
2221:
2195:
2131:
2101:
2087:
2070:
2059:on 14 May 2009
2038:
2002:
1978:
1942:
1916:
1892:Mark Wagenbuur
1880:
1868:
1859:
1852:Mixed Blessing
1840:
1825:
1803:
1775:
1750:
1738:www.oregon.gov
1725:
1713:California DMV
1700:
1687:dot.alaska.gov
1671:
1650:
1624:
1606:
1572:
1547:
1506:
1467:
1413:
1377:
1320:
1303:
1254:
1240:
1229:. 18 July 2016
1214:
1189:
1170:(2): 212–218.
1148:
1094:
1069:
1016:
990:
963:
934:
904:(4): 394–399.
888:
857:(1): 278–292.
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
817:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
772:Bikeway safety
767:
764:
755:
752:
742:
739:
735:bicycle rodeos
721:
718:
698:Main article:
695:
692:
690:
687:
669:
668:United Kingdom
666:
664:
661:
651:
648:
643:
640:
634:
631:
623:Main article:
620:
617:
604:Main article:
601:
598:
580:Bicycle helmet
578:Main article:
575:
572:
570:
567:
557:
554:
536:
535:United Kingdom
533:
508:
505:
476:
473:
471:
468:
410:
407:
403:hard shoulders
391:Mixed Blessing
381:Colin Buchanan
364:
363:United Kingdom
361:
359:
356:
351:Main article:
348:
345:
341:one-way street
336:
335:
331:
328:
325:
318:
315:Lane splitting
310:
295:railroad track
287:
281:
248:
245:
192:
189:
182:bicycle helmet
154:Bicycle safety
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3352:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:Related lists
3277:
3271:
3270:By death toll
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Bike registry
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Bicycle rodeo
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Track cycling
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Cyclosportive
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Randonneuring
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
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56:Find sources:
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34:This article
32:
28:
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3265:2000–present
3109:Epidemiology
2928:Hand signals
2882:
2705:Road cycling
2617:Balance bike
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2448:
2438:
2424:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:the original
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2250:
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2118:the original
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2054:the original
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1969:. Retrieved
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1837:. E. Arnold.
1834:
1828:
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1619:ResearchGate
1618:
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754:Rural safety
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625:Bicycle bell
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456:cycle tracks
446:, excellent
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269:safety wings
265:pool noodles
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174:traffic laws
153:
152:
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107:
101:January 2021
98:
88:
81:
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67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
3340:Road safety
3260:Before 2000
3186:Jackknifing
3114:Hit and run
3102:Main topics
2984:Quadracycle
2974:Cycling kit
2913:Cyclability
2863:Bicycle law
2763:Cyclo-cross
2758:Cycle sport
2291:: S106-25.
1971:29 December
1560:cttrial.com
1394:: 683–693.
1346:: 177–186.
1233:29 November
1036:: 474–481.
706:Dutch Reach
694:Dutch Reach
663:Development
633:Time of day
470:Road design
452:cycle paths
437:modal share
429:Netherlands
299:storm drain
3329:Categories
2979:Pentacycle
2933:Idaho stop
2810:Pump track
2783:Goldsprint
2695:Rail trail
2675:Cargo bike
2643:recreation
2459:4 November
2377:Cyclecraft
2240:17 October
2214:17 October
2016:(Report).
1956:(Report).
1935:1 December
1909:1 December
1643:17 October
1526:: 92–102.
1453:2262/95579
1436:: 105948.
1207:8 November
833:References
444:topography
201:velocipede
176:and using
71:newspapers
3242:Road rage
2893:Bike rage
2825:Triathlon
2773:Fatbiking
2550:Outlines
2156:(1): 47.
1856:. L Hill.
1594:0362-4331
1060:114731588
1052:2352-1465
978:McClatchy
541:The Times
143:Amsterdam
3129:Rollover
3053:Category
2798:Downhill
2778:Freeride
2632:Unicycle
2627:Tricycle
2554:Bicycles
2546:Glossary
2486:Bicycles
2453:Archived
2400:12 April
2305:19765610
2234:BBC News
2190:19845962
2124:12 April
2022:Archived
1992:BBC News
1962:Archived
1796:16 March
1768:16 March
1743:16 March
1718:16 March
1693:16 March
1599:16 March
1565:16 March
1542:23200444
1501:20728675
1462:33422985
1408:22269558
1372:29102034
1334:(2018).
1298:27831780
1184:17449891
1143:27831780
918:26507371
883:27450862
766:See also
462:, ample
450:such as
307:driveway
138:Fietspad
2577:Bicycle
2559:Cycling
2535:Cycling
2181:2776010
2158:Bibcode
2031:11 July
1791:nsc.org
1289:5105030
1134:5105030
1009:10 July
983:10 July
953:10 July
926:1848346
720:Florida
700:Dooring
642:Density
574:Helmets
517:Dunedin
507:Signage
399:Ireland
358:History
291:pothole
284:Dooring
247:Hazards
205:Glasgow
191:Crashes
162:cycling
85:scholar
3220:Causes
2803:Trials
2303:
2208:GOV.UK
2188:
2178:
2063:9 July
1666:IRCOBI
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600:Lights
495:, and
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2998:Lists
2962:Other
2082:(PDF)
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1965:(PDF)
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1683:(PDF)
1662:(PDF)
1056:S2CID
922:S2CID
813:Notes
747:Idaho
741:Idaho
586:races
92:JSTOR
78:books
2461:2022
2402:2016
2301:PMID
2242:2022
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2186:PMID
2126:2016
2065:2014
2033:2015
1973:2016
1937:2013
1911:2013
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1695:2024
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1590:ISSN
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1235:2017
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1139:PMID
1089:2016
1048:ISSN
1011:2022
985:2022
955:2022
914:PMID
879:PMID
760:OECD
724:The
560:The
545:HGVs
222:The
216:OECD
166:Risk
64:news
2743:BMX
2357:doi
2293:doi
2176:PMC
2166:doi
1528:doi
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1448:hdl
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1202:NPR
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1038:doi
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869:hdl
859:doi
267:as
141:in
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