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Bhela Samhita

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946:
The surviving text known from the Thanjavur manuscript appears to be different from the original text that must have once existed. This can be inferred from the fact that later authors often quote Bhela, but only a few of these quotations are present (some partially) in the Thanjavur manuscript text.
916:. The Thanjavur manuscript is missing several chapters or portions of chapters, and the surviving chapters are not arranged in the proper order. It has several scribal errors, and the Sanskrit text is often grammatically incorrect. Several other copies of this manuscript have been prepared. 201:. Based on the text's mention of Gandhara, some scholars theorize that Bhela was from Gandhara. However, R.S. Singh theorizes that Bhela was from western India, based on an analysis of vegetables used for preparing medicines mentioned in the text. 1001:
Ananta-krishna Shastri and Asutosh Mookerjee; published by the University of Calcutta (1921). Shastri was a scholar of Sanskrit, but not of Ayurveda. He corrected some grammatical mistakes in the original text, but omitted some portions of the
818:
Both texts feature a discussion between sages on the topic of tastes, which takes place in the Chaitra-ratha forest. In both cases, Atreya rejects seven different opinions and expresses what he calls the correct view. Unlike the
530:
It contains general advice regarding diet. For example, it describes 12 types of wholesome food articles; advises people against drinking water before or during a meal; and advises against eating a fish called
239:(10th century) contains a recipe attributed to Bhela; this recipe is very similar to the recipe described in the Thanjavur manuscript, although the wording is somewhat different. This suggest that the 679:) while discussing insanity, but does not give much attention to the topic. It states that the physicians should focus on prescribing drugs, and the religious treatment should be left to 243:
text represented by the Thanjavur manuscript was not very different from the one known to Tisata in the 10th century. The Thanjavur version contains several quotes attributed to Bhela in
1009:
Girija-dayal Shukla; published by the Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (1959). This edition was apparently based on the Calcutta edition, and not the original manuscript.
1020:
C. Rajarajeswara Sarma; published by the Literary Research Unit of the Sarasvati Mahal Library / Central Council for Research in Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (1977). This
258:, attributing it to Bhela; the Thanjavur manuscript refers to this medicine twice, but does not provide the actual formula. This suggests that a more complete version of 305:
The Bower Manuscript attributes three gruels to Bhela. Eleven more prescriptions mentioned in the Bower Manuscript also appear in the Thanjavur manuscript of
108: 269:
refers to several practices that originated in the Gupta period, such as chanda-karman and the worship of Shiva on a cremation ground. The original
224:
version represented by this manuscript was probably completed in the 7th century CE or later, as suggested by internal evidences. Unlike the
519:, and it states that according to Parashara, the heart is the first part of the embryo to develop. It also discusses other concepts in 1027:
Edited by Priyavrat Sharma with English translation and commentary by K.H. Krishnamurthy published by Chaukhambha Visvabharati (2000)
627:, instead attributing it to a gradual process in which the doshas progressively affect the various parts of the mind, including the 1580: 1082:
The text calls Atreya by several names, including Atreya Punarvasu, Chandra-bhaga, Chandrabhaga Punarvasu, and Krishnatreya.
515:(nutritive fluid) as the most important constituent of the body. Its description of the heart is similar to that of the 273:
was not identical with the Thanjavur text, as suggested by several quotations. For example, on the topic of applying
145:. Quotations in other works suggest that an older version of the text, possibly composed during 400-750 CE, existed. 176:
and his pupil Bhela (also called Bheḍa). However, several other people also talk to Atreya in the text, including:
656:
rules. It also mentions religious elements while describing treatment of fevers, such as invoking of deities like
1513: 1544: 133:-language medical text from ancient India. It is known from an incomplete c. 1650 CE manuscript kept at the 1063: 878:
While some of the content in the two texts is similar, there are substantial differences. For example, the
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mention Bhela as a pupil of the ancient sage Atreya. Plus, Bhela is mentioned in ancient texts such as the
762: 607:). It describes rainy season as dangerous, stating that there is a high incidence of disease during it. 1539:
by Tsutomu Yamashita, based on the 1977 edition of the Sarasvati Mahal Library Literary Research Unit
538:
It states that the mental state of the parents during the sexual intercourse determines the nature (
1024:
is based on a fresh study of the manuscript, and corrects several mistakes in the earlier editions.
298:, the Thanjavur version was probably composed after Dṛḍhabala redacted the present-day version of 283:(possibly c. 7th century) attributes an opinion to Bhela which disagrees with the Thanjavur text. 1575: 905: 309:, although not attributed to Bhela; these may have derived from earlier works that are now lost. 134: 569:(including the ones caused by fear and grief),; fainting and sleep-related disorders, including 1536: 629: 580:
It discusses a wide range of causes of the disorders, such as abnormalities during pregnancy;
1499: 1545:"Epidemiology in the Bhelasaṃhitā: The Chapter on Distinctions According to Land and People" 950:
According to Lüders the Tuyoq fragment represents a more original version of the text. The
913: 197:
In the text, the dialogue between Nagnajit and Atreya takes place during Atreya's visit to
8: 993:
Several editions of the text have been published, all based on the Thanjavur manuscript:
504:), which is located in the abdomen, and whose size depends on the body size of the animal 193:
Several sages (including Khandakapya and Maitreya) talk to Atreya on the topic of tastes
1530: 558: 928: 217:. This suggests that Bhela was regarded as a medical authority in the ancient period. 1509: 1487: 932: 885:
It contains considerable similarities with the Dhanavantri school represented by the
672: 321: 66: 1548: 1041: 1021: 962:
discuss eight major diseases, seven of which are same. The Thanjavur manuscript of
887: 646: 333: 279: 214: 160: 158:, another text of the Atreya school, but it also shows some similarities with the 1503: 1046: 779: 154: 152:
and his pupil Bhela, the author of the text. It shows many similarities with the
912:, and several copies of this manuscripts have been made, such as the one at the 265:
An earlier form of the text probably developed sometime during 400-750 CE. The
694:
It lists 16 deities that preside over the functions of the body and the mind:
190:
Sushrotar Medhavin, who describes the treatment of the dosha-related disorders
1569: 1491: 1036:
A number of historical Indian texts on medicine quote from or refer to the
581: 1472: 565:
It discusses a wide range of disorders. Examples include various types of
665: 570: 486: 478: 614:, and instead states that an epilepsy attack is caused when one or more 1552: 703: 520: 114: 1355: 791:
They agree on several topics, suggesting that they both belong to the
731: 1413: 1411: 931:
among a collection of manuscripts brought to Europe by archaeologist
909: 747: 735: 723: 600: 593: 482: 363:
Chapters surviving (partial or complete) in the Thanjavur manuscript
138: 1423: 1182: 1180: 1480:
Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad)
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Its list of internal and external organs differs slightly from the
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Modern scholars date the Thanjavur manuscript to c. 1650, and the
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refers to Bhela as a medical authority by the name Gzins-can.
802:
s) and the number of chapters in each section is exactly same.
924: 805:
Several chapters in the two texts have same or similar names.
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The text is primarily in form of a dialogue between the sage
142: 927:, dated to c. 9th century. It was discovered by Indologist 711: 695: 585: 126: 184:, who asks Atreya questions about detecting poison in food 254:(c. 1200 CE) describes the formula for a medicine called 209:
Multiple sources, including the Thanjavur version of the
668:. It also discusses fevers in animals other than humans. 187:
Gurdalu Bhekin, who asks Atreya about medical topography
148:
Much of the text is in form of a dialogue between sage
923:
survives as one page from a paper manuscript found at
864:
It is more concise and uses simpler language than the
827:
attributes these seven opinions to particular persons.
769: 754:. This list does not match with a similar list in the 620:
obstruct the veins leading from the heart to the mind.
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with substantial content is known. It is kept at the
830:
Both texts feature a discussion on which part of the
1054:
is one of the sources for the Persian-language text
842:
are very similar, and disagree with the view of the
623:
It rejects the claim that supernatural beings cause
610:
It rejects the claim that supernatural beings cause
500:) is to treat the disoders of the "digestive fire" ( 347:section of the text lists its contents as follows: 286:Bhela's text is probably not much earlier than the 1498: 1453: 1402: 1390: 1373: 1361: 1349: 1334: 1319: 1300: 1277: 1265: 1244: 1215: 1198: 1186: 1171: 1152: 1133: 1121: 1567: 1542: 815:) feature discussions among sages. For example: 320:is a medical treatise that primarily deals with 882:sections of the two texts differs considerably. 871:Its chapters end differently, with the phrase 787:, and the two texts are similar in many ways: 106: 36: 808:The chapters in both texts begin in same way. 496:It states that the main task of a physician ( 129:: Bhela-saṃhitā, "Compendium of Bhela") is a 1508:. Vol. IIA. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. 1473:"A note on the New Edition of Bhela Samhita" 596:, five causes of baldness and grey hair etc. 232:, it has not been revised by later authors. 834:develops first: the views expressed in the 477:It names four categories of living beings: 247:, whose oldest manuscript dates to 924 CE. 141:, and a c. 9th century fragment found at 976:. However, the Tuyoq fragment discusses 1568: 1505:A History of Indian Medical Literature 1062:may have also been aware of it. The 988: 652:It describes many drug formulae and 1016:V.S. Venkata-subramanya Sastry and 970:disease instead of the 'rakta-pitta 473:Some features of the text include: 13: 900:Only one pre-modern manuscript of 14: 1592: 1524: 1442:C.R. Sarma & B. Rama Rao 1980 1430:C.R. Sarma & B. Rama Rao 1980 1418:C.R. Sarma & B. Rama Rao 1980 1471:C.R. Sarma; B. Rama Rao (1980). 649:that may develop into instanity. 1543:Vitus Angermeier (2022-12-19). 1463: 328:). The text mainly consists of 1537:Transcription of Bhela-samhita 1533:(1921), University of Calcutta 1076: 895: 340:part contains prose passages. 1: 1089: 588:; improper administration of 167: 1581:Ancient Indian medical works 1040:, including the text of the 7: 935:. It contains parts of the 811:Both texts (as well as the 312: 164:of the Dhanavantri school. 10: 1597: 798:The name of the sections ( 763:transmigration of the soul 645:. It also discusses other 88:c. 7th century CE or later 1031: 972:disease discussed in the 535:in combination with milk. 107: 100: 92: 82: 72: 62: 52: 44: 32: 24: 1069: 873:ity āha bhagavān Ātreyaḥ 599:It describes 20 kind of 262:existed around 1200 CE. 906:Sarasvati Mahal Library 204: 135:Sarasvati Mahal Library 1454:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1403:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1391:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1374:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1362:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1350:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1335:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1320:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1301:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1278:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1266:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1245:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1216:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1199:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1187:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1172:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1153:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1134:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 1122:G. Jan Meulenbeld 2000 856:also differs from the 37: 523:, such as 8 types of 489:, and moisture-born ( 16:Sanskrit medical text 1364:, p. 17-18, 21. 954:section of both the 914:India Office Library 770:Comparison with the 336:metre, and only the 511:, and it names the 360:Number of chapters 33:Original title 21: 1553:10.17613/wn0a-rb05 939:Chapter 1 and the 664:, and chanting of 48:K.H. Krishnamurthy 19: 1531:The Bhela Samhita 1500:G. Jan Meulenbeld 1456:, pp. 16–17. 1405:, p. 13, 23. 1376:, pp. 19–20. 1280:, pp. 18–19. 1189:, pp. 22–23. 1064:Tibetan tradition 989:Critical editions 933:Albert von Le Coq 860:in several ways: 761:It discusses the 673:spirit possession 471: 470: 322:internal medicine 280:Kaashyapa-samhita 277:to children, the 256:dhanvantara-ghrta 245:Jvara-samuchchaya 120: 119: 93:Publication place 67:Internal medicine 1588: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1519: 1495: 1477: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1338: 1332: 1323: 1317: 1304: 1298: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1248: 1242: 1219: 1213: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1175: 1169: 1156: 1150: 1137: 1131: 1125: 1119: 1083: 1080: 1042:Bower Manuscript 1022:critical edition 1018:Vaidya Visharada 1014:Vaidya Visharada 999:Mahamahopadhyaya 888:Sushruta Samhita 844:Sushruta Samhita 813:Sushruta Samhita 689:bhuta-chikitsaka 647:mental disorders 517:Sushruta Samhita 350: 349: 288:Sushruta Samhita 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While the 287: 285: 278: 270: 266: 264: 259: 255: 252:Gada-nigraha 251: 249: 244: 240: 236: 234: 229: 225: 221: 219: 210: 208: 196: 171: 159: 153: 147: 122: 121: 113:at Sanskrit 1002:manuscript. 980:instead of 978:rakta-pitta 943:chapter 1. 896:Manuscripts 654:therapeutic 571:hypersomnia 487:germinating 1570:Categories 1558:2023-02-20 1515:9069801248 1090:References 1012:Edited by 1005:Edited by 997:Edited by 783:refers to 736:Chandramas 714:, Vidyut, 677:bhutonmada 533:chilichima 521:physiology 479:placentals 332:verses in 250:Sodhala's 168:Authorship 115:Wikisource 45:Translator 910:Thanjavur 748:Prajapati 724:Gandharva 681:exorcists 601:parasites 594:laxatives 502:kaya-agni 483:oviparous 467:1-2, 4-8 353:Section ( 235:Tisata's 139:Thanjavur 109:भेलसंहिता 38:भेलसंहिता 1502:(2000). 1492:11613682 1060:Ibn Sina 1044:and the 958:and the 838:and the 716:Parjanya 639:and the 625:insanity 612:epilepsy 575:insomnia 567:diarrhea 334:anuṣṭubh 313:Contents 228:and the 199:Gandhara 182:Nagnajit 131:Sanskrit 57:Sanskrit 53:Language 795:school. 740:Tvastar 700:Prithvi 590:emetics 547:satvika 491:svedaja 454:1, 3-9 402:1, 3-6 77:Samhita 63:Subject 1512:  1490:  1032:Legacy 1007:Vaidya 832:embryo 823:, the 800:sthana 793:Atreya 752:Brahma 750:, and 744:Vishnu 732:Aditya 708:Akasha 658:Vishnu 642:buddhi 636:chitta 633:, the 617:doshas 559:tamasa 553:rajasa 355:sthana 330:shloka 174:Atreya 150:Atreya 25:Author 1476:(PDF) 1070:Notes 925:Tuyoq 728:Mrtyu 720:Indra 662:Shiva 630:manas 556:, or 525:sweat 441:1-28 428:1-12 275:enema 143:Tuyoq 73:Genre 28:Bhela 1510:ISBN 1488:PMID 982:kāsa 968:kāsa 777:The 712:Vayu 704:Apah 696:Agni 660:and 605:krmi 592:and 586:bile 577:etc. 573:and 541:guṇa 513:rasa 415:2-8 389:2-8 343:The 205:Date 127:IAST 1549:doi 908:in 687:or 464:12 451:12 438:30 425:12 373:30 137:in 1572:: 1484:10 1482:. 1478:. 1410:^ 1381:^ 1342:^ 1327:^ 1308:^ 1285:^ 1252:^ 1223:^ 1206:^ 1179:^ 1160:^ 1141:^ 1098:^ 1050:. 746:, 742:, 738:, 734:, 730:, 726:, 722:, 718:, 710:, 706:, 702:, 698:, 691:). 584:; 550:, 544:- 493:). 485:, 481:, 412:8 399:8 386:8 357:) 302:. 1561:. 1551:: 1518:. 1494:. 984:. 891:. 875:. 868:. 846:. 765:. 758:. 683:( 675:( 603:( 527:. 324:( 125:(

Index

Sanskrit
Internal medicine
Samhita
भेलसंहिता
Wikisource
IAST
Sanskrit
Sarasvati Mahal Library
Thanjavur
Tuyoq
Atreya
Charaka Samhita
Sushruta Samhita
Atreya
Nagnajit
Gandhara
Bower Manuscript
enema
Kaashyapa-samhita
internal medicine
shloka
anuṣṭubh
placentals
oviparous
germinating
physiology
sweat
guṇa
satvika
rajasa

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