41:
2642:
2634:
509:
23. Vars are long poems written by Bhai Gurdas. The first 40 vars are written by Bhai Gurdas who was contemporary to the early Gurus. But the 41st var is written, in the opinion of McLeod, by another Gurdas who had written it the eighteenth century. It is likely that information about the eighteenth
40:
45:
RepoussĂŠ plaque (gilded panel) depicting Bhai Gurdas Singh (standing at right) presenting himself before Guru Gobind Singh (seated in centre) with an offering, from the
Khatwari Dharamsal in Shikarpur,
182:), with twenty of the pauris praising Guru Gobind Singh and singling out unique aspects of the tenth guru. A common theme emphasized throughout the work is how Guru Gobind Singh transformed the
354:, whom were saddened by their uncoupling. Written shortly after the death of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708 to recount how the Sikhs of the time were feeling being separated from their Guru.
202:(pauri 23), with the last containing an account of the Guru's martyrdom in Delhi. The finishing stanzas eulogize the Khalsa. The work was composed in "Hindized Punjabi".
170:, amidst hostilities from Hindus and Muslims alike. In a manuscript of the Vaar kept in the collection of the Sikh Reference Library, the work is known under the titled
1833:
1837:
555:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
1221:
1528:
560:
2242:
523:
1365:
1328:
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213:
The Guru has remembered upon the Kalka and prepare the Amrit of Khanda. Drinking which, this life becomes of fruition.
664:
611:
502:
477:
414:
2442:
1802:
1483:
1022:
256:
2541:
2536:
312:
2051:
1333:
2412:
1360:
1211:
1164:
2222:
1353:
311:. Traditional lore claims he lived to an impressive age of 150. His life is commemorated in the Khatwari
2016:
1683:
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1921:
1829:
1736:
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1628:
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2293:
2272:
1623:
1047:
876:
2217:
2606:
2583:
2181:
1693:
1668:
1303:
1106:
931:
906:
813:
791:
2202:
2437:
2136:
2121:
2111:
2091:
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1891:
1797:
1698:
1673:
1318:
1308:
1268:
1134:
604:
The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire
303:
After the death of his master, Guru Gobind Singh, in 1708, it is said Gurdas Singh traveled to
631:
265:
Everyone automatically speaks of Guru Gobind Singh Ji who has made them to chant Akaal, Akaal.
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2207:
2076:
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1825:
1784:
1149:
1096:
1017:
657:
1042:
1032:
2551:
2509:
2494:
2432:
2402:
2212:
2106:
1911:
1764:
1751:
1708:
1514:
1471:
1449:
1298:
1228:
1139:
1066:
796:
1037:
8:
2611:
2546:
2504:
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2459:
2422:
2101:
2036:
2026:
1343:
1323:
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1253:
682:
250:
186:(congregation) of Sikhs into the Khalsa. The comparison is made to the Guru's sword and
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2156:
2151:
2146:
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1916:
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1608:
1338:
1196:
1186:
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1154:
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1086:
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351:
308:
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2332:
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2141:
2126:
2006:
1774:
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1648:
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1313:
1293:
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1191:
1159:
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1027:
999:
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939:
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747:
742:
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498:
473:
410:
361:
280:
199:
113:
91:
70:
307:, where he did missionary work spreading the tenets of Sikhism in the local area of
104:
of Guru Gobind Singh, being one of the three most renowned and famous of the group.
2645:
2571:
2531:
2364:
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2071:
2031:
2021:
2011:
1926:
1901:
1855:
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1721:
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1348:
1258:
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1206:
1171:
1081:
1056:
846:
737:
650:
295:, the 41st Vaar would have been written in the mid-1780s as per internal evidence.
195:
231:, he furthermore stresses the importance of the remembrance and chanting of AkÄl (
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2227:
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2001:
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1238:
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1181:
1101:
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771:
763:
409:(1st ed.). Malaysia: Sri Guru Granth Sahib Academy. 2021. pp. 302â304.
347:
156:
event which occurred in
Anandpur on 13 April 1699, when the Guru formalized the
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2324:
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1937:
1886:
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1427:
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949:
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727:
118:
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2232:
1963:
1881:
1456:
1129:
1076:
1012:
871:
861:
712:
332:
866:
2377:
2337:
2166:
1973:
1906:
1581:
1556:
1551:
1444:
1216:
1071:
944:
911:
732:
717:
191:
123:
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2116:
2066:
1996:
1968:
1958:
1953:
1860:
1537:
1500:
1478:
1407:
964:
896:
891:
856:
577:
285:
101:
20:
126:, he was a Sindhi poet who lived in the early part of the 18th century.
100:(folk ballad). He was one of the traditionally-ascribed 52 poets of the
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2427:
2407:
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851:
831:
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century sangats of Bihar comes from Gurdas Il. McLeod, Dictionary, 212.
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1417:
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1432:
1402:
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153:
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457:. Vol. 2: E-L. Punjabi University, Patiala. pp. 139â140.
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916:
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60:
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1392:
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901:
841:
821:
630:
Read the 41st Vaar in PDF format (written in
Gurmukhi script):
472:. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala. p. 89.
179:
157:
122:(court) of Guru Gobind Singh. According to Louis E. Fenech and
1506:
190:, the Indic deity. Reference is made to the predecessor gurus
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2342:
1461:
1437:
304:
129:
In praise of Guru Gobind Singh, he exclaimed in his writing:
1377:
328:
284:
as a 41st Vaar on-top of the traditional forty authored by
187:
162:
96:
642:
1488:
497:. Routledge Critical Sikh Studies. Taylor & Francis.
160:
order. He later recounted his account of that day in a
243:
636:
Read the 41st Vaar online with
English translation:
493:Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur; Jakobsh, Doris R. (2023).
140:
Bhai Gurdas Singh, translated by
Devinder Pal Singh
495:Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities
2656:
135:Chivalrous, Unfathomable, Singular and Unique"
1522:
658:
551:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, William H. (2014).
492:
278:This work is commonly appended at the end of
550:
116:. He served as one of the many poets in the
1529:
1515:
665:
651:
578:"The Literary Genius of Guru Gobind Singh"
39:
1838:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
325:Vaar Sri Bhagaut Ji Ki Patshahi Dasvin Ki
174:. The entire work comprises twenty-eight
168:Vaar Sri Bhagaut Ji Ki Patshahi Dasvin Ki
606:. Oxford University Press. p. 246.
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346:â narration of the separation between
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407:Sri Dasam Granth: Facts Beyond Doubt
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315:of Bhai Gurdas in Shikarpur, Sindh.
470:Sikh Value System and Social Change
23:, an earlier Sikh saint and writer.
13:
602:Fenech, Louis E. (2013). "Notes".
591:(4): 35â39 – via PhilPapers.
576:Singh, Devinder Pal (April 1999).
541:
515:
14:
2686:
624:
522:Singh, Roopinder (8 April 2018).
452:
423:
374:
318:
291:According to Louis E. Fenech and
94:. He is most known for writing a
2641:
2640:
2632:
2443:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
553:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
2633:
1536:
1484:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
524:"Baisakhi in the City of Bliss"
358:Pryaye Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji
133:"Lo, a man is born amongst men,
2537:Sikhism and sexual orientation
595:
569:
486:
461:
90:was a Sikh during the time of
1:
367:
298:
86:18th century), also known as
152:He was an eyewitness to the
107:
7:
672:
455:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
360:â poetic expounding of the
244:
10:
2691:
1897:British East India Company
18:
2675:18th-century Indian poets
2630:
2592:
2363:
2323:
2309:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
2289:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
2281:
2255:
2238:Johann Martin Honigberger
2195:
2097:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1989:
1982:
1946:
1874:
1848:
1816:
1783:
1750:
1707:
1599:
1590:
1544:
1499:
1376:
1120:
998:
930:
812:
762:
693:
680:
344:Barahmaha Sri Ram Chandar
236:
66:
56:
51:
38:
28:
2299:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
2294:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
255:'without time',
19:Not to be confused with
2304:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
2182:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
1107:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
261:'immortal') for Sikhs:
198:(both on pauri 22) and
145:
2137:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
2122:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
2112:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
2092:Sher Singh Attariwalla
2087:Sham Singh Attariwalla
1983:Officials and warriors
1892:Emirate of Afghanistan
1798:Battle of Chillianwala
1023:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
772:Beliefs and principles
276:
225:
172:Vaar Bhai Gurdas Ji Ki
143:
112:He was the brother of
2475:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
2218:François Henri Mouton
2208:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
2047:Khushal Singh Jamadar
1834:Panchayati Revolution
1830:Hill StatesâSikh Wars
1785:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1097:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
468:Kaur, Gurnam (1995).
335:and Guru Gobind Singh
263:
211:
131:
2256:Influential families
2213:Claude Auguste Court
2203:Jean-François Allard
2117:Surat Singh Majithia
2107:Lehna Singh Majithia
1912:Hill States Alliance
1765:Battle of Ferozeshah
1752:First Anglo-Sikh War
1472:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
1450:Piara Singh Bhaniara
1329:United Arab Emirates
1067:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
797:Cannabis and Sikhism
339:Raag Ramkali Ki Vaar
222:(Pauri 1, lines 3â4)
2547:Idolatry in Sikhism
2465:Nanakshahi calendar
2460:Sikh Light Infantry
2102:Amar Singh Majithia
2037:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
1828:, KatochâSikh War,
273:(Pauri 17, line 10)
218:Bhai Gurdas Singh,
2448:11th Sikh Regiment
2263:Sandhawalia family
2177:Sultan Mahmud Khan
2162:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
2147:Sangat Singh Saini
2042:Dewan Mokham Chand
1917:Kingdom of Mankera
1793:Battle of Ramnagar
1737:Battle of Peshawar
1732:Battle of Nowshera
1609:Battle of Bhangani
1087:Nanak Shahi bricks
990:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
782:Sikh Rehat Maryada
777:Guru Maneyo Granth
21:Bhai Gurdas Bhalla
2652:
2651:
2333:Bandi Chhor Divas
2317:
2316:
2251:
2250:
2223:Alexander Gardner
2142:Kahan Singh Nakai
2127:Akali Phula Singh
2007:Diwan Bhawani Das
1844:
1843:
1775:Battle of Sobraon
1727:Battle of Shopian
1212:Jammu and Kashmir
1112:Well of Dina Nath
940:Guru Granth Sahib
753:Guru Granth Sahib
748:Guru Gobind Singh
743:Guru Tegh Bahadur
562:978-1-4422-3600-4
362:Guru Granth Sahib
350:and his brother,
281:Varan Bhai Gurdas
254:
242:
114:Alam Singh Nachna
92:Guru Gobind Singh
80:Bhai Gurdas Singh
77:
76:
71:Alam Singh Nachna
2682:
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2643:
2636:
2635:
2572:Punjabi language
2532:Women in Sikhism
2072:Balbhadra Kunwar
2032:Hari Singh Nalwa
2022:Misr Diwan Chand
2012:Diwan Buta Singh
1987:
1986:
1927:Barakzai dynasty
1902:Kingdom of Nepal
1856:Sikh Khalsa Army
1808:Battle of Gujrat
1770:Battle of Aliwal
1742:Battle of Jamrud
1722:Battle of Multan
1717:Battle of Attock
1709:AfghanâSikh wars
1601:Mughal-Sikh Wars
1597:
1596:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1388:Sects of Sikhism
1354:Northern Ireland
1082:Moti Bagh Palace
1057:Bahadurgarh Fort
755:(Sikh holy book)
738:Guru Har Krishan
667:
660:
653:
644:
643:
618:
617:
599:
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592:
582:
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519:
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490:
484:
483:
465:
459:
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453:Singh, Harbans.
450:
421:
420:
403:
274:
259:
249:
247:
241:romanized:
240:
238:
223:
178:(Indic term for
141:
43:
26:
25:
2690:
2689:
2685:
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2683:
2681:
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2655:
2654:
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2648:
2626:
2588:
2359:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2277:
2268:Majithia family
2247:
2228:Paolo Avitabile
2191:
2172:Fakir Azizuddin
2082:Mehta Basti Ram
2002:Diwan Dina Nath
1978:
1942:
1922:Namgyal dynasty
1870:
1849:Military forces
1840:
1812:
1803:Siege of Multan
1779:
1760:Battle of Mudki
1746:
1703:
1592:
1586:
1562:Nau Nihal Singh
1540:
1535:
1495:
1380:and communities
1379:
1372:
1116:
1102:Ramgarhia Bunga
1013:Harmandir Sahib
994:
926:
808:
804:Diet in Sikhism
758:
689:
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585:The Sikh Review
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88:Bhai Gurdas II,
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1938:Maqpon Dynasty
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1822:NepalâSikh War
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1467:Damdami Taksal
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1358:
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1334:United Kingdom
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1219:
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1204:
1199:
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1015:
1004:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
985:Sukhmani Sahib
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Sarbloh Granth
947:
942:
936:
934:
928:
927:
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924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
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2167:Ilahi Bakhsh
2027:Diwan Mulraj
2017:Pratap Singh
1974:Zorawar Fort
1629:2nd Anandpur
1624:1st Anandpur
1582:Duleep Singh
1557:Kharak Singh
1552:Ranjit Singh
1445:Mazhabi Sikh
1304:South Africa
1072:Kesgarh Qila
1018:Janam Asthan
1000:Architecture
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912:Charhdi Kala
792:Prohibitions
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33:Gurdas Singh
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1997:Dhian Singh
1969:Lahore Fort
1959:Multan Fort
1954:Jamrud Fort
1907:Qing Empire
1875:Adversaries
1861:Fauj-i-Khas
1538:Sikh Empire
1501:Sikh Empire
1479:Singh Sabha
1408:Nanakpanthi
1319:Switzerland
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1264:Netherlands
1135:Afghanistan
965:Japji Sahib
897:The Five Ks
892:Vand Chhako
857:Anand Karaj
528:The Tribune
196:Har Krishan
102:Kavi Darbar
2659:Categories
2602:Akal Takht
2542:In Fiction
2527:Ravidassia
2495:Dharamyudh
2418:Literature
2408:Panj Pyare
2348:Mela Maghi
2196:Foreigners
2157:Veer Singh
2132:Chandu Lal
1866:Fauj-i-Ain
1572:Sher Singh
1567:Chand Kaur
1423:Sewapanthi
1150:Bangladesh
1122:By country
1092:Pul Kanjri
1062:Fateh Burj
975:Jaap Sahib
960:Mul Mantar
882:Kirat Karo
867:Amrit VelÄ
852:Naam Karan
832:Sikh rites
764:Philosophy
723:Guru Arjan
708:Guru Angad
703:Guru Nanak
533:20 January
368:References
299:Later life
16:Sikh saint
2552:Criticism
2470:Ramananda
2325:Festivals
2062:Lal Singh
2057:Tej Singh
1934:of Poonch
1684:Jalalabad
1593:conflicts
1577:Jind Kaur
1418:Nirankari
1299:Singapore
1229:Indonesia
1165:Vancouver
1140:Australia
932:Scripture
887:Naam Japo
814:Practices
313:Dharamsal
309:Shikarpur
293:Vir Singh
108:Biography
73:(brother)
67:Relations
2646:Category
2576:GurmukhÄŤ
2567:Punjabis
2510:Hinduism
2438:Politics
2398:Waheguru
2393:Ik Onkar
2355:Vaisakhi
2282:Treaties
1664:Sadhaura
1634:Chamkaur
1591:Military
1433:Ramraiya
1403:Namdhari
1344:Scotland
1324:Thailand
1284:Pakistan
1254:Malaysia
1130:Diaspora
1008:Gurdwara
683:Glossary
268:â
233:Gurmukhi
216:â
154:Vaisakhi
138:â
57:Religion
52:Personal
2638:Outline
2562:History
2505:Jainism
2378:Culture
2373:History
1990:Natives
1932:Sudhans
1679:Lohgarh
1659:Sirhind
1649:Sonepat
1644:Muktsar
1428:Nirmala
1339:England
1197:Germany
1187:Finland
1177:Denmark
1155:Belgium
1145:Austria
970:Chaupai
955:Gurbani
917:Dasvand
687:History
674:Sikhism
352:Bharata
331:on the
271:Vaar 41
253:
227:In his
220:Vaar 41
205:In his
192:Har Rai
180:stanzas
61:Sikhism
2557:Punjab
2490:Dastar
2485:Sardar
2433:Places
2403:Khanda
1817:Others
1654:Samana
1619:Basoli
1614:Nadaun
1545:Rulers
1413:Nihang
1393:Khalsa
1314:Sweden
1294:Poland
1289:Panama
1279:Norway
1222:Punjab
1202:Greece
1192:France
1160:Canada
1043:Europe
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902:Simran
847:Langar
842:Kirtan
822:Khalsa
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559:
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188:Kalika
184:sangat
176:pauris
158:Khalsa
119:durbar
2594:Takht
2522:Sikhs
2500:Islam
2480:Kabir
2428:Names
2423:Music
2413:Films
2388:Music
2343:Maghi
1947:Forts
1699:Delhi
1689:Jammu
1674:Rahon
1639:Sarsa
1462:Jatha
1438:Udasi
1349:Wales
1259:Nepal
1249:Japan
1244:Italy
1217:Kochi
1207:India
1172:China
837:ArdÄs
695:Gurus
581:(PDF)
305:Sindh
245:AkÄla
46:Sindh
2515:Rama
1398:Mina
1274:Niue
1239:Iraq
1234:Iran
1182:Fiji
1038:Asia
1028:List
907:Sewa
685:and
638:link
632:link
608:ISBN
557:ISBN
535:2024
499:ISBN
474:ISBN
411:ISBN
348:Rama
329:Vaar
258:fig.
251:lit.
237:ŕ¨
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229:Vaar
207:Vaar
163:Vaar
147:Vaar
97:Vaar
30:Bhai
2383:Art
1489:3HO
84:fl.
2661::
1836:,
1832:,
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589:47
587:.
583:.
543:^
526:.
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425:^
376:^
327:â
288:.
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419:.
82:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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