1006:
928:
368:
936:
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26:
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951:, Moritz started the Taunus-Eisenbahn AG in 1836, the Frankfurt-Hanau railroad in 1844, and the Rheingau railroad in 1845, to name just a selection. Investments were made during the 1850s in other European railroads â such as the Italian Central Railroad, the Austrian state railroad, and the Rhine/Nahe railroad established in 1856. In 1842 he became a Prussian consul, then Prussian Consul General in the
765:. His financial dealings gained him entrance to nearly all the ruling families of Europe, and he exploited these contacts on numerous diplomatic missions on behalf of his hometown. In 1802 he negotiated successfully with France for a reduction of her demand for contributions to the cost of war. In the negotiations on the
836:, it may have been that she wanted to show her support for ecumenicism or it may simply have been that she fondly remembered the twin landmarks of her hometown. For her great-grandsonâthe third Simon Moritzâthere was nothing accidental about what he set out to do: support the Jews in their struggle for civil rights.
538:
Upon the death of Simon Moritz
Bethmann in 1725, his widow Elisabeth Bethmann, formerly Thielen (1680â1757), returned to Frankfurt, where she became housekeeper in the household of her brother-in-law, the merchant Jakob Adami (1670â1745). In his will, he bequeathed to his nephews half of his fortune.
808:
Besides promoting commerce, Simon Moritz von
Bethmann was an ardent supporter of the arts and sciences in the city of Frankfurt. In 1812 Bethmann inaugurated a museum of antique and classicist sculpture within a stretch of land that he had turned into a park six years earlier. (Both the building and
1044:
kept up the railroad business but also got the bank involved in municipal bonds and industrial investments worldwide. A passionate huntsman and athlete, he became a wheelchair user following a riding accident in 1879. He gave generously to local and charitable causes, sponsoring the Golden Book of
1001:
The last male descendant of this line, Karl
Alexander Moritz Freiherr von Bethmann, died in 1942. Fechenbach castle was sold to a private buyer named Wissler but confiscated by the Nazis a year later. Following the end of WWII and after a decade as an orphanage, the property was restituted to the
974:
In 1863, he hosted the German princes convening to discuss constitutional reform in his garden mansion. Following in the footsteps of his father, he too was a generous patron of the arts in
Frankfurt and contributed heavily to philanthropic causes, arts and letters, and organized equestrian
2204:
1465:
323:. The Bethmanns' archival materials occupy some 300 meters of shelf space, and the oldest document therein is a calligraphed agreement dated 29 May 1321, regulating traffic on the street between the Basler Hof property, which the Bethmanns purchased in 1762, and a neighboring house.
734:
2210:
1500:
332:
1462:
216:
but not feudal nobility â the
Bethmanns were among the upper crust of urban families. As such, they were entitled to delegate representatives to the town council and to bear a coat of arms; the earliest mention of the Bethmann name in
464:, where the church of St Simeon, Protestant since 1529, and the Roman Catholic monastery of St Maurice stand side by side to this day. This may explain why in subsequent generations, there was always one son named "Simon Moritz".
173:(1721â1782) founded in 1748 and soon catapulted into the foremost ranks of German and European banks. Even after the bank's sale in 1976, there are Bethmanns engaged in commercial real estate and forestry in the 21st century.
406:. Much of Germany then was a patchwork of small to medium-sized jurisdictions. While this factor impeded development towards a nation-state, it ensured plentiful job opportunities for ambitious bureaucrats and entrepreneurs.
302:
Henning's grandson
Hieronymus is recorded in 1590 as a member of the merchants' guild; four years later, he married Ilsebey Drönewolf in St. Stephan's church. Hieronymus served as chairman of the merchants' guild, as
315:
or governing council. Hieronymus died as the Swedes were entering Goslar. The town never fully recovered from the ransacking and pillaging of the Thirty Years' War, especially the three years of
Swedish occupation.
684:
families began to constitute itself. To them were reserved seats on the town council, which were passed on by inheritance to the sons of the council members. This clique of generally wealthy families was called
1080:
in
Frankfurt and accepted an appointment as Swedish Consul General. In 1929, he served as chairman of the supervisory board of Frankfurter Bank. When World War II ended, he was a lieutenant colonel (reserve).
693:
ruling families of ancient Rome. Some of these patrician families, like the
Holzhausens, had an unbroken run of sixteen generations on the town council from the 13th to the 18th century. As the daughter of a
1540:
In contrast, Helbing (at p. 123) quotes
Bethmann family lore to the effect that the frequency of "Simon Moritz" in the family was to remember a religious foundation in Minden dedicated to Saints Maurice and
1048:
Simon Moritz Henning August Freiherr von Bethmann (1887â1966): following studies of the law in Lausanne and Leipzig, he joined GebrĂŒder Bethmann as partner in 1913. In 1914, he married Maximiliane Countess
947:
succeeded to the directorship of the bank. He financed the construction of numerous railways in Germany and made especially sure that Frankfurt turned into an early node of rail traffic. Together with
1561:
maintained by the Peterskirchhof cemetery in Frankfurt where Adamis and Bethmanns lie buried; clearly Jakob Adami was the uncle who made the bequest to his nephews and Johann was a cousin of Jakob.)
1045:
Frankfurt am Main in 1902. Of their three children, only Simon Moritz survived. After serving as First Lieutenant in World War I, he set out to transform the Bethmann bank into a full-service bank.
805:
spent the night as an unannounced guest at the Bethmanns' garden house. Bethmann's negotiating skills managed to persuade the French to withdraw their army without further bloodshed from Frankfurt.
990:. His oldest son Karl Moritz "Charly" von Bethmann proved a spendthrift and got himself in hock to a loan shark charging 6 per cent interest a week. Karl Moritz was hoping for a rescue from the
161:) has been remarkable for the high proportion of its male members who succeeded at mercantile or financial endeavors. This family trait began in medieval northern Germany and continued with the
480:
1096:
1879:
602:
each offered to the public, which made them tradeable in secondary markets. This transformed the bank from a lender to an underwriter of bond issues. At one point, the profits of
479:; there she found it easier to comply with her religious obligations and benefited from the presence of relatives. Three of her daughters married citizens of Frankfurt. Her son
645:
Maria Elisabeth (1772â1847) was married in 1790 to the banker Johann Jakob BuĂmann (1756â1791). Widowed only a year later, she remarried, this time to Ă©migrĂ© French aristocrat
1750:
Nor could Simon have contemplated the least letup in this competition: many other rivals of the Rothschilds were not as able to keep up and eventually fell by the wayside.
828:
were particularly noteworthy, for in supporting this Jewish school and promoting its cause among his Christian brethren, Simon Moritz was ahead of his time. In 1687 when
1154:
754:
639:
177:
578:
Within a short span of time, the Bethmann bank developed into one of Frankfurt's leading Christian-owned banks, on a scale comparable only to its younger rival, the
809:
the park were sold to the city in 1856). His donations made it possible to establish the city library on the northern bank of the river Main between 1820 and 1825.
319:
Some of the 19th century literature incorrectly claimed that the family had originated in the Netherlands. The family assigned its archives in 1965 to the city of
2219:
1828:
1476:
460:
He bequeathed a substantial fortune to his widow, Anna Elisabeth (1654â1727), whom he had married in 1678. She was a native of the northern German town of
1040:
as partner in 1869. He gained broad experience in several industries, serving as non-executive director on the boards of rail and banking companies. This
1399:
1058:
620:
and Katharina Margarethe Schaaf (1741â1822), daughter of the Frankfurt notable Anton Schaaf, produced six children, four of whom survived to adulthood:
1677:
1585:
1642:
Ferguson, p. 40; in contrast to German writers, who cite this as a Bethmann innovation, Ferguson writes that the method was imported from Amsterdam.
387:
is outside of Nassovian territory to the southeast. Frankfurt would be in the far southeast corner. The Rhine is the broad river colored in green.
847:
to secure greater freedoms for themselves, he was carrying on a fierce business rivalry with the Rothschilds in which no quarter was ever given.
2241:
1630:
1876:
1111:
Zu wenig studiert: Privatbankier von Bethmann empfiehlt der Bundesbank ein unorthodoxes Rezept gegen die Inflation: Die Zinsen mĂŒssen runter.
1524:
594:
and skyrocketed from 1778, thanks to the bank's innovation in breaking the amount borrowed by the Austrian emperor down into "sub-bonds" (
2859:
2287:
1189:
were said to represent each one of the four sons, with one of the four almond pieces left off following the death of Heinrich in 1845.
624:
Susanne Elisabeth (1763â1833) was married in 1780 to the Frankfurt merchant Johann Jakob Hollweg (1748â1808), who changed his name to
769:, he bargained for and achieved the secularization of ecclesiastical assets within the territory of Frankfurt for the benefit of the
264:â appear in the records of Goslar, as owners of houses on Stonestrate and Korngasse, and as witnesses in the sale of houses. Another
703:
676:
In Frankfurt, the beginnings of an independent polity date back to the grant of privileges to its citizens by Holy Roman Emperor
617:
540:
180:(1768â1826), a banker, diplomat, politician, philanthropist and patron of the arts. His sister Maria Elisabeth was the mother of
1550:
According to most sources. In contrast, Klötzer names a Johann Adami as the uncle, but that appears unlikely (see, for example,
2854:
909:
Because Bethmann's sons had not yet achieved the age of majority upon their father's death, the bank's partners stepped in as
2134:
2114:
2076:
1973:
843:
had begun militating for Jewish emancipation. Unusually, however, at the same time that Simon Moritz was helping the Jews of
609:
544:
268:
buys a house on KnochenhauerstraĂe in 1492, serves on the town council, and is mentioned ten times between 1503 and 1520 as
2674:
773:. In 1802 he was appointed Russian consul for Frankfurt, followed by his appointment in 1807 as Russian Consul General and
2377:
1554:
1072:
This Simon Moritz contributed his time to numerous cultural institutions of Frankfurt, such as the administration of the
851:
1864:
854:, an institution which he had co-endowed, and succumbed two days afterward. Bethmann was buried in the cemetery of the
2171:
1294:
2093:
2049:
2032:
2015:
1998:
153:
2216:
1832:
979:
who had been attacked by a mob ostensibly outraged over foreign policy decisions. He was married to Marie von Bose.
686:
2869:
774:
677:
229:
in 1416. The surname "Bethmann" likely was an occupational name (like "BĂ€cker"/"Baker") given to collectors of the
865:
Boode (1792â1869), daughter of a respected Dutch family, granddaughter of a Huguenot named Martin and a native of
299:
from ore. A Bartoldt Bethmann sold a house on PiepmĂ€kerstraĂe in 1548 and another on GlockengieĂerstraĂe in 1566.
2160:
1473:
1426:
2437:
2347:
737:
View of Bethmann museum (opened 1812). Reproduction of 1845 hand-colored woodcut by French artist F.A. Ramadier.
2280:
1158:
1101:
948:
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2232:
1394:
1109:
633:
189:
2613:
2412:
1674:
817:
606:
exceeded those of all its Frankfurt competitors put together, and it ranked first among all German banks.
287:, i.e. the councillor responsible for the town finances; this is followed by appointments to the posts of
2874:
1146:
855:
629:
1005:
869:, in 1810. The Louisa park off a major carriage route in the southwest part of Frankfurt is named after
1162:
1125:
Christian Freiherr von Bethmann (born 1958) â forestry owner and consultant, and commercial real estate
745:
Oil painting by Johann Jakob de Lose, 1812, of Simon Moritz von Bethmann, posing before a bust of tsar
927:
2659:
2639:
2273:
2583:
2296:
2097:
1066:
840:
484:
347:
side of a split shield, half an eagle in black is displayed against a golden background, while the
913:
directors of the bank. In 182,8 his widow remarried to Matthias Franz Joseph Borgnis (1798â1867).
2864:
2787:
1930:
Die MĂŒnzen von Frankfurt am Main nebst einer mĂŒnzgeschichtlichen Einleitung und mehreren AnhĂ€ngen
1050:
508:
394:(sometimes spelled "Conrad") (1652â1701) was born in Goslar as the seventh child of the merchant
166:
86:
208:
from the early 18th century onward. Earlier ancestors had come from the northern German town of
2684:
2442:
2182:
1521:
1244:
952:
839:
In this respect, Simon Moritz was not unique. A generation earlier, Enlightenment figures like
770:
721:
By 1816, when Frankfurt's new constitution abolished the privilege of heritable office for the
450:
2432:
1290:
998:
was unfazed: he said that total ruination was the best cure for his profligate nephew Charly.
725:, the cachet of belonging to one of their societies had already become much less significant.
2578:
2557:
790:
746:
642:(1768â1826) was among the most notable of Frankfurt's bankers, statesmen and philanthropists.
560:
520:
514:
170:
94:
90:
1472:
with Holzappel close to the left-hand edge, some 40 miles northwest of Frankfurt; and
351:
side displays two diagonal red bars against a silver background. At a later date, the motto
2337:
960:
778:
777:
or Russian Counselor of State. In 1808 he received the patent of an Austrian nobleman from
766:
403:
2367:
8:
2700:
1780:
1033:
995:
944:
922:
880:
599:
399:
348:
344:
98:
653:(1805â1876), who in turn gave birth to several children, among themâfrom her liaison to
2608:
2502:
2457:
2417:
2397:
1036:
and Marie von Bose, married Baroness Helene von Wendland. Trained in London, he joined
802:
568:
296:
2507:
761:. His peers called him "Frankfurt's premier citizen", while in France some called him
715:
2792:
2767:
2542:
2497:
2422:
2149:
2130:
2110:
2089:
2072:
2045:
2028:
2011:
1994:
1969:
1215:
1181:, was created in 1838 by the Paris pastry chef Jean Jacques Gautenier, then the head
976:
844:
798:
711:
650:
583:
579:
476:
205:
181:
2746:
2086:
Frankfurt as a Financial Center: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre
2812:
2487:
2482:
2467:
2352:
2327:
964:
442:
438:
218:
123:
108:
2537:
367:
2741:
2731:
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2517:
2452:
2372:
2342:
2223:
1883:
1681:
1558:
1528:
1480:
1469:
1403:
1142:
813:
681:
391:
371:
Map from 1645: Cramberg and Holzappel (not located on this map) are upriver from
280:
213:
82:
1946:
Die Bethmanns. Aus der Geschichte eines alten Handelshauses zu Frankfurt am Main
1170:
935:
471:, the widowed Anna Elisabeth and her children quitted the Archbishopric for the
2782:
2751:
2710:
2679:
2664:
2618:
2547:
2522:
2407:
1484:
1306:
866:
591:
25:
1551:
422:
414:
2848:
2807:
2797:
2705:
2634:
2603:
2598:
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2573:
2552:
2527:
2512:
2447:
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2357:
2193:
2122:
1090:
991:
758:
658:
556:
533:
494:
468:
454:
201:
185:
162:
2736:
2256:
1722:
741:
575:
and founded the Bordeaux branch of the family, which continues to this day.
2833:
2777:
2532:
2477:
2462:
2402:
2382:
2362:
2317:
2247:
1738:
1018:
340:
225:, a compendium on wax tablets of the town's parishioners â dates back to a
2235:
showing timeline of Bethmann bank up to and past its merger into ABN AMRO
706:
access to Patrician society; she was on familiar terms with the mother of
2817:
2772:
2715:
2387:
1077:
850:
On Christmas Day 1826, he suffered a stroke in a box seat of Frankfurt's
781:, Emperor of Austria. Thenceforth, he and his descendants would be named
654:
616:, died without issue, but the marriage in 1762 between his elder brother
472:
242:
982:
Moritz' brother Carl Ludwig Caesar von Bethmann purchased the castle of
632:
would become a Prussian minister of state, and his grandson in turn was
2802:
2322:
1178:
1054:
983:
2312:
1488:
975:
activities. On 18 September 1848, he gave refuge to mortally wounded
785:
Bethmann. However, to the people of Frankfurt his "Russian" title of
695:
582:. The bank's fortunes began to rise in 1754 based on its business in
320:
1073:
418:
295:
in 1538, and in 1548 supervisor of the vitriol works that extracted
2265:
1175:
1120:
Albrecht Freiherr von Bethmann (born 1956) â commercial real estate
987:
956:
572:
564:
551:
trading enterprise, out of which in 1748 the banking enterprise of
426:
410:
71:
587:
283:, is accepted into the merchants' guild. In 1515, he is appointed
2669:
2492:
1907:, Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (ed.), vol. 1. Leipzig 1859
1185:
in the Bethmann household. The four almond halves stuck onto the
1062:
968:
699:
489:
1993:, Verlag Waldemar Kramer (publishers), Frankfurt am Main, 1985,
1737:
With the inscription LITTERIS RECUPERATA LIBERTATE CIVITAS that
2588:
2061:, doctoral thesis, University of Frankfurt am Main, 1996
1013:
707:
461:
209:
61:
2107:
The House of Rothschild. Volume 1, Money's Prophets: 1798â1848
1297:
from 1960 to 1983 and served as its head from 1983 until 1991.
2472:
1987:
Wahrlich eine schöne Stadt. Kleine Schriften zur Frankfurter
1076:, as well as non-profit foundations. He co-founded the first
636:, who served as Imperial German Chancellor from 1909 to 1917.
356:
307:
responsible for grain stocks, town councillor, member of the
141:
41:
1917:
Die Grenzboten: Zeitschrift fĂŒr Politik, Literatur und Kunst
749:
and adorned with the Russian order of Vladimir and St. Anna.
728:
188:; his sister Susanne Elisabeth was the great-grandmother of
1629:
200,000 guldens, according to Wanner (2005) in
753:
Upon the death of Johann Philipp Bethmann in 1793, his son
733:
498:
430:
331:
273:
132:
1925:, Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna, 14th edition 1894â1896
1280:
Johann Philipp Freiherr von Bethmann, in Sarkowicz, p. 58.
1021:
in Paris (construction 1887â89), a venture co-financed by
967:, in 1862 the Frankfurter Hypothekenbank, and in 1873 the
931:
Assembly of German princes in Frankfurt on August 18, 1863
812:
He was a major donor and co-founder of secondary schools (
279:
In 1512, Henning Bethmann, the great-great-grandfather of
955:
from 1854 to 1866. He was granted the heritable title of
1084:
1002:
Wissler family, who completed its construction in 2006.
861:
Simon Moritz von Bethmann had married Louise Friederike
789:
stuck, and so even after he returned that commission to
710:
and, even after she was widowed, maintained a respected
2207:
showing the various principalities of Nassau up to 1800
1958:, GlashĂŒtten 1971, reprint of 1925 edition
1852:
according to "History" page of ABN AMRO Private Banking
649:(1770â1819). Her daughter from the second marriage was
563:â the middle brother â established a trading branch in
1153:, a vocational school for office careers. A statue of
1141:, a short street in Frankfurt's old part of town; the
272:, the title of an official responsible for minting of
1531:, former director of the municipal archives of Minden
1137:
In Frankfurt, the Bethmann family name is honored in
1065:
to the Bethmann holdings. He joined the board of the
1032:
Freiherr von Bethmann (1844â1902), the eldest son of
335:
Coat of arms of Simon Moritz von Bethmann (1768â1826)
154:
144:
1053:, a granddaughter of Dr. Eugen Lucius, a founder of
916:
135:
129:
1165:, a landscaped portion of the razed city ramparts.
192:, who was chancellor of Germany from 1909 to 1917.
138:
126:
2176:, pages 574â576, signed entry by "Stricker"
2027:. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1994,
409:Konrad left his hometown for an apprenticeship in
1633:, 20,000 according to Ferguson (1995)
1161:was erected on the centenary of his birth in the
2846:
1867:, renovation of commercial building in Frankfurt
1129:
702:, Katharina Margarete Schaaf gained her husband
1901:, vol. 1. Freiburg im Breisgau 1854
200:The Bethmann family, which produced the famous
2250:, first published 27 January 2005
2195:Meyers GroĂes Konversations-Lexikon 1905
1782:Meyers GroĂes Konversations-Lexikon 1905
1009:Simon Moritz Freiherr von Bethmann (1844â1902)
671:
433:river, followed by his appointment in 1687 as
362:
276:and weighing the metals produced from mining.
2281:
1823:
1821:
986:in 1842, earning him the title of a Bavarian
647:Alexandre Victor Francois Vicomte de Flavigny
858:, where his grave is preserved to this day.
236:
230:
680:in 1217. Not long after, an upper crust of
504:This Simon Moritz Bethmann had three sons:
2288:
2274:
2165:, incl. citations, page 388, vol. 1
1818:
421:(Mecklenburg), then was appointed in 1683
24:
1811:
1809:
1758:
1756:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1274:
729:A man in full â pragmatic and enlightened
2243:Die Bank, die Goethes Reisen finanzierte
2059:Stadt und BĂŒrgertum in Frankfurt am Main
1670:
1668:
1666:
1616:
1439:
1437:
1012:
1004:
963:in 1854. Also in 1854 he co-founded the
934:
926:
740:
732:
366:
330:
2044:, Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig, 1994,
2025:Frankfurter Biographie. Erster Band A-L
1860:
1858:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
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1356:
1337:
1335:
1267:
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824:in 1806); his efforts on behalf of the
527:
425:to the Princess of Nassau-Holzappel in
195:
2847:
1919:, F. L. Herbig (publisher), 1878
1806:
1753:
1741:would derisively call "kitchen Latin".
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1501:Aschaffenburg on French map dated 1681
1409:
1390:
1388:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
555:developed. This eventually became the
176:The most notable of the Bethmanns was
2269:
1663:
1434:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1211:
1209:
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1203:
1201:
1085:Gadfly author and last of the bankers
1057:, thus adding the landed estate with
903:Jacob Heinrich Friedrich von Bethmann
876:Four sons issued from this marriage:
451:Archbishopric and Electorate of Mainz
2295:
1855:
1788:
1690:
1654:
1593:
1353:
1252:
1097:Johann Philipp Freiherr von Bethmann
2127:Dictionary of American Family Names
1939:Meyers GroĂes Konversations-Lexikon
1564:
1385:
1312:
959:, a rank of minor nobility, in the
13:
2860:Bankers from the Holy Roman Empire
2071:, L. Reichert (publishers), 1997,
1941:, vol. 2, Leipzig 1905
1406:Bankhaus GebrĂŒder Bethmann, (W1/9)
1223:
1198:
1168:According to a popular story, the
1069:and became its president in 1933.
359:for "I shall protect") was added.
248:Subsequently, other Bethmanns â a
14:
2891:
2143:
2129:. Oxford University Press, 2006,
1948:. Gericke, Wiesbaden 1948.
917:Magnates of industrial revolution
311:inner council and finally of the
30:
2233:ABN AMRO Private Banking webpage
2069:Die Inschriften der Stadt Goslar
1983:Das Familienarchiv der Bethmanns
1552:this webpage on the Adami family
122:
2217:Carl Ludwig Caesar von Bethmann
2184:Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon
1923:Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon
1892:
1870:
1846:
1774:
1765:
1744:
1731:
1716:
1645:
1636:
1623:
1544:
1534:
1515:
1506:
1494:
1455:
1446:
1376:
1367:
1246:Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon
891:Carl Ludwig Caesar von Bethmann
612:, a major donor to Frankfurt's
326:
2246:by Claudia Wanner, article in
2173:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2010:, Wiesbaden and Munich, 1986,
2008:Junge Jahre im alten Frankfurt
1911:Allgemeine deutsche Biographie
1587:Allgemeine deutsche Biographie
1344:
1300:
1295:Frankfurt Historical Institute
1283:
1159:Eduard Schmidt von der Launitz
343:can be traced to 1530. On the
1:
2855:Businesspeople from Frankfurt
2162:Neues deutsches Adels-Lexicon
2151:Herders Conversations-Lexikon
1956:Frankfurter Handelsgeschichte
1928:Paul Joseph, Eduard Fellner:
1905:Neues deutsches Adels-Lexicon
1899:Herders Conversations-Lexikon
1452:Joseph & Fellner, p. 391.
1428:Neues deutsches Adels-Lexicon
1217:Herders Conversations-Lexikon
634:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
190:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
2259:and Chinese gardens therein
2257:Photographs of Bethmann park
1913:, vol. 2, Leipzig 1875
1829:"Private historical website"
1686:Frankfurter Rundschau Online
1590:, vol. 2, pp. 574â576.
1522:Article by Dr. Hans Nordsiek
1396:Institut fĂŒr Stadtgeschichte
949:M. A. Rothschild & Söhne
856:Church of Peter in Frankfurt
437:(Master of the Mint) to the
52:Collector of voluntary taxes
7:
2408:Gossler (Berenberg-Gossler)
2211:Aschaffenburg on French map
2154:, page 517, volume 1
1680:September 19, 2008, at the
1503:, within " ESLECTORAT DE M"
1293:was the deputy head of the
793:he was simply known as the
672:First families of Frankfurt
363:To Nassau and Aschaffenburg
31:Arms of the Bethmann family
10:
2896:
1723:Private historical website
1088:
920:
531:
493:or bailiff-magistrate, in
2826:
2760:
2724:
2693:
2627:
2566:
2303:
2187:, page 899, vol. 2
2084:Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich:
1557:October 26, 2007, at the
1527:November 9, 2007, at the
1155:Simon Moritz von Bethmann
178:Simon Moritz von Bethmann
104:
78:
67:
57:
47:
37:
23:
18:
2023:Wolfgang Klötzer (ed.):
1192:
841:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
485:House of Nassau-Weilburg
202:Bethmann banking dynasty
2870:Bethmann finance family
1675:Die Macht der Patrizier
1487:, a small village near
1474:photographs of memorial
977:Prince Felix Lichnowsky
905:(d. 1845 without issue)
830:Anna Elisabeth Bethmann
628:upon marriage. Her son
509:Johann Philipp Bethmann
483:(1687â1725) served the
398:, four years after the
223:registrum parochianorum
184:and the grandmother of
167:Johann Philipp Bethmann
87:Johann Philipp Bethmann
2042:Die groĂen Frankfurter
2040:Hans Sarkowicz (ed.):
2006:Erich Pfeiffer-Belli:
1771:Pfeiffer-Belli, p. 80.
1025:
1010:
953:Free City of Frankfurt
940:
932:
897:Alexander von Bethmann
885:Alexander von Bethmann
750:
738:
567:. Later he became the
388:
379:) in the direction of
339:The Bethmann family's
336:
241:) from freemen in the
237:
231:
1289:Klötzer 1994, p. 62.
1089:Further information:
1016:
1008:
938:
930:
921:Further information:
744:
736:
521:Simon Moritz Bethmann
515:Johann Jakob Bethmann
481:Simon Moritz Bethmann
370:
334:
171:Simon Moritz Bethmann
95:Simon Moritz Bethmann
91:Johann Jakob Bethmann
2880:History of Frankfurt
2226:and his descendants
2098:Google Books Preview
1803:Klötzer 1994, p. 65.
1713:Klötzer 1964, p. 64.
1660:Klötzer 1994, p. 66.
1620:Klötzer 1994, p. 63.
1382:Klötzer 1985, p. 60.
1341:Klötzer 1994, p. 62.
961:Grand Duchy of Baden
767:German mediatisation
547:took control of the
528:Founding of the bank
196:Beginnings in Goslar
1483:to the Princess in
1034:Moritz von Bethmann
996:Moritz von Bethmann
945:Moritz von Bethmann
923:Moritz von Bethmann
871:Louise von Bethmann
763:le roi de Francfort
757:became head of the
714:where she received
596:Partialobligationen
580:House of Rothschild
400:Peace of Westphalia
375:on the Lahn river (
235:, a tax requested (
99:Moritz von Bethmann
2875:History of banking
2222:2012-02-17 at the
1981:Wolfgang Klötzer:
1882:2011-05-20 at the
1479:2009-03-28 at the
1468:2011-07-16 at the
1402:2007-09-27 at the
1220:, p. 517, volume 1
1163:Friedberger Anlage
1149:district; and the
1026:
1011:
941:
933:
751:
739:
614:Citizens' Hospital
389:
337:
105:Connected families
2842:
2841:
2135:978-0-19-516557-9
2115:978-0-14-024084-9
2109:. Penguin, 1999,
2077:978-3-89500-040-9
2067:Christine Magin:
1974:978-0-394-74034-8
1968:. Vintage, 1979,
1954:Alexander Dietz:
1130:Eponymous sites,
1059:Castle Schönstadt
1038:GebrĂŒder Bethmann
1023:GebrĂŒder Bethmann
992:House of Bethmann
939:Fechenbach castle
881:Philipp Heinrich
852:municipal theater
759:House of Bethmann
604:GebrĂŒder Bethmann
557:House of Bethmann
553:GebrĂŒder Bethmann
477:Frankfurt am Main
445:, and in 1692 as
404:Thirty Years' War
227:Heinrich Bethmann
206:Frankfurt am Main
114:
113:
2887:
2297:Banking families
2290:
2283:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2238:
2229:
2201:
2190:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2139:
2119:
2105:Niall Ferguson:
2102:
2088:, Munich, 1999,
2081:
2064:
2054:
2037:
2020:
2003:
1991:Kulturgeschichte
1990:
1978:
1961:
1951:
1935:
1887:
1886:of radio feature
1874:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1831:. Archived from
1825:
1816:
1815:Helbing, p. 124.
1813:
1804:
1801:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:Helbing, p. 125.
1760:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1688:
1672:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1591:
1583:
1562:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1519:
1513:
1512:Helbing, p. 123.
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1432:
1424:
1407:
1392:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1291:Wolfgang Klötzer
1287:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1250:
1242:
1221:
1213:
1105:
1051:Schimmelpenninck
965:Frankfurter Bank
822:WeiĂfrauenschule
803:Emperor Napoleon
791:Tsar Alexander I
696:Kaiserlicher Rat
665:Sophie Elisabeth
626:Bethmann-Hollweg
439:Teutonic Knights
396:Andreas Bethmann
240:
234:
221:Goslar â in the
169:(1715â1793) and
157:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
109:Bethmann-Hollweg
53:
28:
16:
15:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2822:
2756:
2720:
2689:
2623:
2562:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2260:
2251:
2236:
2227:
2224:Wayback Machine
2199:
2188:
2177:
2166:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2117:
2100:
2079:
2062:
2052:
2035:
2018:
2001:
1988:
1976:
1959:
1949:
1944:Claus Helbing:
1933:
1895:
1890:
1884:Wayback Machine
1875:
1871:
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1691:
1682:Wayback Machine
1673:
1664:
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1655:
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1628:
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1594:
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1559:Wayback Machine
1549:
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1529:Wayback Machine
1520:
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1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1481:Wayback Machine
1470:Wayback Machine
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:Helbing, p. 26.
1442:
1435:
1425:
1410:
1404:Wayback Machine
1393:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:Helbing, p. 28.
1363:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1313:
1309:, 1878, p. 493.
1305:
1301:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:Helbing, p. 27.
1270:
1253:
1243:
1224:
1214:
1199:
1195:
1145:in Frankfurt's
1135:
1099:
1093:
1087:
925:
919:
801:the retreating
799:31 October 1813
731:
716:Madame de Staël
674:
536:
530:
517:(1717â1792) and
413:. He served as
392:Konrad Bethmann
365:
329:
281:Konrad Bethmann
198:
155:
125:
121:
118:Bethmann family
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:Konrad Bethmann
58:Place of origin
51:
33:
19:Bethmann family
12:
11:
5:
2893:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:German bankers
2862:
2857:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
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2800:
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2790:
2785:
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2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
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2754:
2749:
2744:
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2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
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2719:
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2713:
2708:
2703:
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2695:
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2687:
2682:
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2662:
2657:
2652:
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2515:
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2292:
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2270:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2239:
2230:
2214:
2208:
2205:Portion of map
2202:
2191:
2180:
2169:
2158:
2145:
2144:External links
2142:
2141:
2140:
2120:
2103:
2082:
2065:
2055:
2038:
2021:
2004:
1979:
1962:
1952:
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1514:
1505:
1493:
1485:Charlottenberg
1454:
1445:
1433:
1408:
1384:
1375:
1373:Dietz, p. 621.
1366:
1352:
1343:
1311:
1307:Die Grenzboten
1299:
1282:
1273:
1251:
1222:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1151:Bethmannschule
1139:BethmannstraĂe
1134:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1086:
1083:
1067:stock exchange
918:
915:
907:
906:
900:
894:
888:
867:British Guiana
730:
727:
704:Johann Philipp
673:
670:
669:
668:
662:
651:Marie d'Agoult
643:
637:
618:Johann Philipp
590:and municipal
541:Johann Philipp
532:Main article:
529:
526:
525:
524:
518:
512:
364:
361:
328:
325:
297:copper vitriol
197:
194:
182:Marie d'Agoult
112:
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102:
101:
80:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
59:
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54:
49:
45:
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39:
38:Current region
35:
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21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2827:South America
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2628:British Isles
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2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Liechtenstein
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2338:Bischoffsheim
2336:
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2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:vol. 2
2197:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2175:
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2170:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:Patrick Hanks
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2094:3-406-45671-5
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2050:3-458-16561-4
2047:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2033:3-7829-0444-3
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2016:3-8090-2240-3
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1999:3-7829-0300-5
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:Gold and Iron
1964:Fritz Stern:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1932:, 1896
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
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1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1835:on 2012-02-17
1834:
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1398:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1350:Magin, p. 95.
1347:
1338:
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1320:
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1202:
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1190:
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1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:Bethmann park
1140:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:Bethmann bank
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:StÀdel museum
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1039:
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211:
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186:Cosima Wagner
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163:Bethmann bank
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2558:Van Lanschot
2433:Königswarter
2332:
2304:Continental
2248:Handelsblatt
2242:
2194:
2183:
2172:
2161:
2150:
2138:(in English)
2126:
2118:(in English)
2106:
2101:(in English)
2085:
2068:
2058:
2041:
2024:
2007:
1986:
1982:
1977:(in English)
1965:
1955:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1893:Bibliography
1872:
1865:Co-principal
1848:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1781:
1776:
1767:
1746:
1739:Schopenhauer
1733:
1718:
1685:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1631:Handelsblatt
1625:
1586:
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1216:
1187:BethmÀnnchen
1186:
1182:
1171:BethmÀnnchen
1169:
1167:
1157:by sculptor
1150:
1138:
1136:
1132:BethmÀnnchen
1131:
1110:
1106:(1924â2007)
1071:
1047:
1042:Simon Moritz
1041:
1037:
1030:Simon Moritz
1029:
1027:
1022:
1019:Eiffel Tower
1000:
981:
973:
942:
910:
908:
902:
896:
890:
882:
875:
870:
862:
860:
849:
838:
834:Simon Moritz
833:
832:named a son
829:
825:
821:
814:Musterschule
811:
807:
794:
786:
782:
762:
755:Simon Moritz
752:
722:
720:
690:
689:, after the
678:Friedrich II
675:
667:(1774â1862).
664:
661:(1837â1930).
646:
640:Simon Moritz
625:
613:
610:Simon Moritz
608:
603:
595:
577:
561:Johann Jakob
552:
548:
545:Simon Moritz
537:
523:(1721â1782).
511:(1715â1793),
503:
488:
466:
459:
446:
434:
408:
395:
390:
384:
380:
376:
372:
352:
341:coat of arms
338:
327:Coat of arms
318:
312:
308:
304:
301:
292:
288:
284:
278:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
247:
232:bede penninc
226:
222:
199:
175:
117:
115:
74:von Bethmann
2725:Middle East
2609:Rockefeller
2458:Mendelssohn
2418:Hochstetter
2398:Goldschmidt
2388:Frescobaldi
2368:EtcheverrĂa
2261:(in German)
2252:(in German)
2237:(in German)
2228:(in German)
2200:(in German)
2189:(in German)
2178:(in German)
2167:(in German)
2156:(in German)
2080:(in German)
2063:(in German)
2057:Ralf Roth:
2053:(in German)
2036:(in German)
2019:(in German)
2002:(in German)
1989:(in German)
1960:(in German)
1950:(in German)
1934:(in German)
1726:(in German)
1651:Wanner 2005
1100: [
1078:Rotary Club
899:(1814â1883)
893:(1812â1871)
887:(1811â1877)
747:Alexander I
655:Franz Liszt
549:Jacob Adami
447:MĂŒnzmeister
435:MĂŒnzmeister
423:MĂŒnzmeister
415:MĂŒnzwardein
243:Middle Ages
2849:Categories
2793:Jagat Seth
2761:South Asia
2675:Rothschild
2543:Wallenberg
2498:Rothschild
2438:Kronenberg
2423:Hottinguer
2323:Benveniste
2213:dated 1681
1877:Transcript
1839:2008-10-04
1179:confection
1055:Hoechst AG
984:Fechenbach
687:Patricians
598:) at 1000
571:consul in
495:Bergnassau
469:Protestant
402:ended the
385:Königstein
293:Kistenherr
2813:S. Rm. M.
2768:Asaf Jahi
2701:Li family
2694:East Asia
2483:Pierleoni
2468:Oppenheim
2328:Berenberg
2313:Abravanel
1785:, p. 768.
1489:Holzappel
1461:See also
1431:, p. 388.
1249:, p. 899.
1183:cuisinier
971:company.
943:In 1833,
845:Frankfurt
820:in 1804,
816:in 1803,
795:Staatsrat
787:Staatsrat
779:Francis I
775:Staatsrat
723:Patrizier
718:in 1808.
443:Friedberg
321:Frankfurt
309:Sechsmann
291:in 1528,
289:Munteherr
285:Tafelherr
270:Munteherr
219:Hanseatic
48:Etymology
2732:Kadoorie
2711:Sumitomo
2655:Guinness
2650:Grindlay
2645:Goldsmid
2640:Clifford
2614:Seligman
2508:Schröder
2378:Erlanger
2373:Ephrussi
2333:Bethmann
2220:Archived
1880:Archived
1678:Archived
1555:Archived
1525:Archived
1477:Archived
1466:Archived
1400:Archived
1176:marzipan
988:Freiherr
957:Freiherr
691:patricii
588:princely
584:imperial
573:Bordeaux
569:imperial
565:Bordeaux
475:city of
473:Lutheran
449:for the
427:Cramberg
411:Eisleben
377:Lohn flu
349:sinister
305:Kornherr
262:Albrecht
214:burghers
165:, which
72:Freiherr
2788:Hinduja
2747:Sabancı
2680:Sassoon
2670:Mocatta
2619:Warburg
2548:Warburg
2523:Sozzini
2493:Peruzzi
2488:Pereire
2463:Metzler
2353:Camondo
2125:(ed.):
1147:Nordend
1063:Marburg
1028:Ludwig
969:Degussa
911:pro tem
700:Schöffe
682:burgher
600:guldens
490:Amtmann
429:on the
260:and an
254:Bartold
238:erbeten
79:Members
2808:M. Ct.
2798:Khanna
2752:Shihab
2716:Yasuda
2706:Mitsui
2635:Baring
2604:Morgan
2599:Mellon
2594:Lehman
2589:Lazard
2579:Drexel
2574:Barney
2553:Welser
2538:ThurzĂł
2528:Speyer
2518:Solaro
2513:Seyler
2503:Ruffer
2478:Pictet
2453:Medici
2448:Mallet
2428:Imhoff
2413:Hambro
2393:Fugger
2358:Cerchi
2343:Borgia
2306:Europe
2133:
2113:
2092:
2075:
2048:
2031:
2014:
1997:
1985:, in:
1972:
1541:Simon.
994:, but
883:Moritz
708:Goethe
487:as an
462:Minden
419:Dömitz
353:tuebor
345:dexter
274:specie
210:Goslar
68:Titles
62:Goslar
2834:Safra
2803:Kotak
2783:Habib
2778:Birla
2685:Smith
2665:Miles
2660:Lloyd
2533:Stern
2473:Pazzi
2403:Gondi
2383:Fould
2363:Chigi
2348:Botin
2318:Bardi
1193:Notes
1104:]
1061:near
797:. On
712:salon
592:bonds
467:As a
381:Dietz
373:NaĂaw
357:Latin
313:Neuer
158:-mahn
42:Hesse
2818:Tata
2773:Bose
2742:Maan
2131:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2029:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1995:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1174:, a
1017:The
698:and
543:and
499:Lahn
431:Lahn
266:Tile
258:Hans
256:, a
252:, a
250:Tile
116:The
2737:Koç
1463:Map
863:née
783:von
657:â-
453:in
441:in
417:in
156:BET
2851::
2096:,
1857:^
1820:^
1808:^
1790:^
1755:^
1692:^
1684:,
1665:^
1595:^
1566:^
1436:^
1411:^
1387:^
1355:^
1314:^
1254:^
1225:^
1200:^
1102:de
873:.
586:,
559:.
501:.
457:.
383:.
245:.
152:;
142:ÉË
2289:e
2282:t
2275:v
1842:.
1728:.
1491:.
355:(
148:/
145:n
139:m
136:t
133:É
130:b
127:Ë
124:/
120:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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