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Beneventan script

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both by omission and contraction – like most other Latin scripts, missing letters can be signified by a macron over the previous letter, although Beneventan often adds a dot to the macron. There is also a symbol resembling the digit
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Elias Avery Lowe: A new list of beneventan manuscripts. In: Collectanea Vaticana in honorem A. M. card. Albareda, Città del Vaticano1962 (Studi e testi 220), p. 211-244 = ders., Palaographical Papers II, Oxford 1972,
103:. The script was used from approximately the mid-8th century until the 13th century, although there are examples from as late as the 16th century. There were two major centres of Beneventan usage: the monastery on 291:
has been omitted. In other scripts there is often little or no punctuation, but standard punctuation forms were developed for the Beneventan script, including the basis for the modern
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and "connecting strokes" – the letters of a word could be joined together by a single line, with forms almost unrecognizable to a modern eye. Ligatures may be obligatory as:
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as written by the Langobards. In general the script is very angular. According to Lowe, the perfected form of the script was used in the 11th century, while
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Alfonso Gallo: Contributo allo studio delle scritture meridionali nell'alto medio evo, in: Bulletino dell'Istituto Storico Italiano 47 (1931), S. 333-350.
1288: 772: 1718: 1708: 1283: 1698: 1688: 1278: 1273: 1268: 428: 3414: 1703: 847: 3446: 357:: Struttura e articolazione della minuscola beneventana tra i secoli X – XII, in: Studi medievali 3. ser. 11 (1970), p. 343-368. 342:
Giulio Battelli: Beneventana, scritture e miniatura, in: Enciclopedia Cattolica II, Città del Vaticano 1949, p. 1617-1618.
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Beneventan shares some features with Visigothic and Merovingian script, probably due to the common late Roman matrix.
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A manual of Latin paleography; a comprehensive PDF file containing 82 pages profusely illustrated, 4 January 2024).
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Francesco Bianchi/Antonio Magi Spinetti: BMB. Bibliografia dei manoscritti in scrittura Beneventana, Rom 1993 ff.
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Virginia Brown: A second new list of beneventan manuscripts, in: Studi medievali 40 (1978), p. 239-289
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Elias Avery Lowe: Scriptura beneventana. A history of the South Italian minuscule, 2 vol., Oxford 1929.
231:; later, it resembled "cc" or "oc", with long tails hanging to the right. In the Bari type, the letter 1772: 1090: 4628: 2692: 2414: 1967: 1554: 4192: 4178: 3483: 2066: 1869: 1085: 3797: 1213: 4481: 3509: 2466: 2143: 2122: 2002: 1982: 1814: 1485: 1389: 866: 824: 781: 523: 3199: 2138: 2128: 2061: 1571: 1004: 111:. The Bari type developed in the 10th century from the Monte Cassino type; both were based on 4583: 4488: 4277: 4226: 3686: 3608: 3372: 3311: 3296: 2865: 2744: 2486: 2446: 2178: 1854: 1038: 1026: 999: 984: 483: 252: 128: 3291: 2496: 4347: 4098: 3775: 3271: 2926: 2890: 2295: 2218: 2051: 1799: 1789: 1628: 1611: 927: 513: 275: 8: 3174: 3070: 2792: 2315: 1021: 739: 630: 553: 1337: 406: 4333: 4310: 3944: 3833: 3823: 3715: 3658: 3644: 3601: 3306: 3189: 3024: 2916: 2875: 2829: 2824: 2719: 2701: 2369: 2300: 2265: 2213: 2026: 2014: 1425: 1347: 1248: 803: 702: 668: 635: 605: 565: 478: 442: 438: 188: 50: 3566: 3224: 382:
Francis Newton: Fifty Years of Beneventan Studies, in: AfD 50 (2004), p. 327-346.
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can take many forms depending on the letter joined to it. Ligatures with the letters
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Elias Avery Loew : The Beneventan Script, 2 Bde., 2. Aufl., Rom 1978 - 1980.
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where t had taken the vulgar ts sound). They may be optional: frequent as
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often has a "broken" form, resembling the Beneventan form of the letter
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The Scriptorium and Library at Monte Cassino, 1058-1105, Francis Newton
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Rule of St. Benedict, written at Monte Cassino in the late 11th century
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and all the script from this derived until nowadays. In ligatures
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The Beneventan Script. A history of the south Italian Minuscule
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itself has a very long middle arm, distinguishing it from
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are also common. In early forms of Beneventan, the letter
436: 396:'Fonts for Latin Paleography: User's Manual. 6th edition' 326:
Fonts for latin paleography, 4th ed., Juan-José Marcos
69:(signifying its origins in the territories ruled by the 351:: Rotoli di Exultet dell'Italia meridionale, Bari 1973. 119:was abbot of Monte Cassino, declining thereafter. 4615: 385:Viktor Novak: Scriptura Beneventana, Zagreb 1920 3373: 766: 422: 780: 730: 721: 707: 650: 91:It is mostly associated with Italy south of 27:Medieval script developed in southern Italy 3380: 3366: 773: 759: 429: 415: 187:resemble late New Latin Cursive as in the 313: 311: 29: 274:The script has a unique way to signify 227:has an open top, similar to the letter 57:. In the past it has also been called 14: 4616: 402:Bibliography of beneventan manuscripts 308: 4517:American Printing House for the Blind 4293:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 3945:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali) 3361: 3151: 3106: 2999: 2678: 2563: 1905: 1119: 881: 864: 754: 410: 251:can have a vertical or left-slanting 3000: 3387: 24: 3107: 333: 25: 4650: 389: 183:. Ligatures involving the letter 155:where t had kept the t sound and 574: 207:on top influencing later on the 3152: 195:, exception made for peculiar 846:Languages by writing system / 320: 13: 1: 4285:Gardner–Salinas braille codes 4241:Gardner–Salinas braille codes 2679: 2564: 1906: 693:Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting 301: 4496:National Braille Association 4475:Braille Institute of America 4193:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin) 1120: 733:Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift 7: 4376:Refreshable braille display 4355:Optical braille recognition 3952:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese) 3484:Chinese (mainland Mandarin) 2627:New Epoch Notation Painting 267:is very tall and resembles 122: 10: 4655: 4443:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh 882: 209:German pre-caroline script 4575: 4526: 4466: 4399: 4309: 4255: 4218: 4179:Mainland Chinese Mandarin 4158: 4139: 4120: 4025: 3931: 3892: 3819: 3746: 3445: 3438: 3399: 3357: 3160: 3147: 3115: 3102: 3053: 3012: 3008: 2995: 2971: 2935: 2909: 2858: 2815: 2780: 2700: 2693:Chinese family of scripts 2691: 2687: 2674: 2572: 2559: 2510: 1918: 1914: 1901: 1763:Boyd's syllabic shorthand 1750: 1398: 1141: 1132: 1128: 1115: 890: 877: 873: 865: 860: 848:by first written accounts 817: 796: 792: 683: 583: 572: 449: 127:Beneventan features many 4624:Latin-script calligraphy 4166:Chinese semi-syllabaries 3429:Unicode braille patterns 3415:International uniformity 1870:Thomas Natural Shorthand 4503:Blindness organizations 4482:Braille Without Borders 4271:Canadian currency marks 3893:Egyptian lineage family 3076:Southwest Paleohispanic 49:that originated in the 3820:Russian lineage family 3220:Great Lakes Algonquian 2129:Greco-Iberian alphabet 2062:Gabelsberger shorthand 1005:Inscriptional Parthian 731: 722: 708: 651: 151:(two different forms: 77:; it was first called 35: 4584:Accessible publishing 4510:Schools for the blind 4489:Japan Braille Library 4278:Computer Braille Code 3932:Indian lineage family 3312:Old Persian cuneiform 2179:Carolingian minuscule 985:Ancient North Arabian 263:form, and the letter 33: 4348:Mountbatten Brailler 3703:(largely reassigned) 3486:(largely reassigned) 3035:Southeastern Iberian 3030:Northeastern Iberian 928:Egyptian hieroglyphs 4639:Western calligraphy 4300:Nemeth braille code 4086:(reassigned vowels) 3611:(extended to 8-dot) 3185:Canadian Aboriginal 3071:Khitan small script 2793:Khitan large script 1983:Coorgi–Cox alphabet 631:Technical lettering 4634:Duchy of Benevento 4334:Braille translator 4311:Braille technology 4287:(science; GS8/GS6) 4256:Symbols in braille 4186:Taiwanese Mandarin 3701:Taiwanese Mandarin 3307:Nwagu Aneke script 2859:Other logosyllabic 2781:Chinese-influenced 2720:Oracle bone script 2702:Chinese characters 2637:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs 2027:Eclectic shorthand 2015:Duployan shorthand 1968:Caucasian Albanian 1768:Canadian syllabics 804:History of writing 703:Getty-Dubay Italic 669:Ukrainian skoropys 363:Elias Avery Lowe: 287:, when the letter 197:⟨st⟩ 181:⟨xp⟩ 177:⟨to⟩ 173:⟨ta⟩ 169:⟨st⟩ 165:⟨ae⟩ 161:⟨et⟩ 149:⟨ti⟩ 145:⟨ri⟩ 141:⟨li⟩ 137:⟨gi⟩ 133:⟨ei⟩ 51:Duchy of Benevento 36: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4529:tactile alphabets 4457:William Bell Wait 4450:Sabriye Tenberken 4251: 4250: 4116: 4115: 4101:(Japanese vowels) 3899:-mediated scripts 3826:-mediated scripts 3353: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3205:Ditema tsa Dinoko 3143: 3142: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3093: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2811: 2810: 2670: 2669: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1746: 1745: 1111: 1110: 1098:Teeline Shorthand 856: 855: 748: 747: 355:Guglielmo Cavallo 349:Guglielmo Cavallo 289:⟨m⟩ 285:⟨m⟩ 281:⟨3⟩ 269:⟨l⟩ 265:⟨i⟩ 257:⟨g⟩ 249:⟨d⟩ 245:⟨c⟩ 241:⟨e⟩ 237:⟨e⟩ 233:⟨c⟩ 229:⟨u⟩ 225:⟨a⟩ 221:⟨r⟩ 217:⟨e⟩ 213:⟨t⟩ 205:⟨t⟩ 203:is connected to 201:⟨s⟩ 185:⟨t⟩ 40:Beneventan script 16:(Redirected from 4646: 4629:Medieval scripts 4600: 4593: 4591:Braille literacy 4586: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4459: 4452: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4392: 4385: 4383:Slate and stylus 4378: 4371: 4369:Perkins Brailler 4364: 4357: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4327:Braille embosser 4322: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4244: 4236: 4229: 4211: 4204: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4151: 4148:American Braille 4132: 4129:Algerian Braille 4109: 4102: 4094: 4087: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4050: 4043: 4036: 4018: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3924: 3916: 3909: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3850: 3843: 3836: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3654: 3647: 3640: 3633: 3626: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3597: 3590: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3562: 3555: 3548: 3541: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3513: 3501: 3494: 3487: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3458: 3443: 3442: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3393: 3382: 3375: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3149: 3148: 3104: 3103: 3010: 3009: 3002:Semi-syllabaries 2997: 2996: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2688: 2676: 2675: 2561: 2560: 1916: 1915: 1903: 1902: 1805:Japanese Braille 1390:Zanabazar square 1259:Nepalese scripts 1149:Bengali–Assamese 1139: 1138: 1130: 1129: 1117: 1116: 1034:Pitman shorthand 879: 878: 875: 874: 862: 861: 794: 793: 775: 768: 761: 752: 751: 736: 727: 713: 685:Teaching scripts 656: 578: 537:Serbian Cyrillic 431: 424: 417: 408: 407: 376:p. 417-479. 327: 324: 318: 315: 290: 286: 283:, or a sideways 282: 270: 266: 258: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 206: 202: 199:ligature where 198: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 73:), or sometimes 21: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4571: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4415:Charles Barbier 4413: 4406: 4395: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4247: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4165: 4154: 4146: 4140:Frequency-based 4135: 4127: 4112: 4105: 4097: 4090: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4053: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4021: 4013: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936:Bharati Braille 3933: 3927: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3894: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3839: 3832: 3821: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3629: 3622: 3615: 3607: 3600: 3593: 3586: 3579: 3572: 3565: 3558: 3551: 3544: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3510:Unified English 3504: 3497: 3490: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3439:Braille scripts 3434: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3341: 3156: 3139: 3135:Stokoe notation 3111: 3090: 3049: 3004: 2983: 2967: 2931: 2910:Logoconsonantal 2905: 2854: 2807: 2776: 2683: 2666: 2647:Siglas poveiras 2568: 2547: 2506: 2410:Younger Futhark 2114:Gregg shorthand 1910: 1889: 1742: 1394: 1124: 1107: 886: 869: 852: 825:Writing systems 813: 788: 786:writing systems 779: 749: 744: 679: 660:Russian cursive 579: 570: 451: 445: 435: 392: 336: 334:Further reading 331: 330: 325: 321: 316: 309: 304: 288: 284: 280: 268: 264: 256: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 204: 200: 196: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 125: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4652: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4609: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4594: 4587: 4579: 4577: 4576:Related topics 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4552:New York Point 4548: 4541: 4533: 4531: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4460: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4436:Harris Mowbray 4432: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4386: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4320:Braille e-book 4315: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4296: 4289: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4245: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4133: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4103: 4095: 4088: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4011: 4004: 3997: 3990: 3983: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3940: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3917: 3910: 3902: 3900: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3827: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3772: 3765: 3758: 3750: 3748: 3741: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3502: 3495: 3488: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3449: 3447:French-ordered 3440: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3385: 3384: 3377: 3370: 3362: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3287:Linear Elamite 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3109:Sign languages 3100: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3086:Quốc Âm Tân Tự 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3061:Espanca script 3057: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3020:Linear Elamite 3016: 3014: 3006: 3005: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2901:Yi (Classical) 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2727: 2725:Bronze scripts 2722: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2695: 2685: 2684: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2538:Flag semaphore 2535: 2533:New York Point 2530: 2528:Telegraph code 2525: 2523:Maritime flags 2520: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2477:Visible Speech 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2447:Sorang Sompeng 2444: 2439: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2331:Galik alphabet 2328: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2229:Tironian notes 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2074: 2072:Garay alphabet 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1912: 1911: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1855:Sorang Sompeng 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1778:Déné syllabics 1775: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1136: 1126: 1125: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1039:Proto-Sinaitic 1036: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 961: 960: 955: 950: 945: 935: 930: 925: 924: 923: 913: 912: 911: 900: 899: 891: 888: 887: 871: 870: 858: 857: 854: 853: 851: 850: 844: 843: 842: 837: 832: 821: 819: 815: 814: 812: 811: 806: 800: 798: 790: 789: 778: 777: 770: 763: 755: 746: 745: 743: 742: 737: 728: 719: 714: 705: 700: 695: 689: 687: 681: 680: 678: 677: 672: 662: 657: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 587: 585: 581: 580: 573: 571: 569: 568: 563: 558: 557: 556: 546: 545: 544: 534: 533: 532: 529: 524:Early Cyrillic 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 489:Insular script 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 455: 453: 447: 446: 434: 433: 426: 419: 411: 405: 404: 399: 391: 390:External links 388: 387: 386: 383: 380: 377: 373: 370: 369:, Oxford 1914. 361: 358: 352: 346: 343: 340: 335: 332: 329: 328: 319: 306: 305: 303: 300: 259:resembles the 124: 121: 55:southern Italy 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4651: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4567: 4563: 4560: 4559:Night writing 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467:Organisations 4465: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4429:Valentin Haüy 4426: 4423: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4409: 4408:Louis Braille 4405: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4341:Braille watch 4338: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4264:Braille music 4261: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4227:Luxembourgish 4224: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026:Other scripts 4024: 4016: 4012: 4009: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3891: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3818: 3807: 3802: 3799: 3798:Northern Sámi 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747:Nordic family 3745: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3687:South African 3684: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609:Luxembourgish 3606: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3422:ASCII braille 3419: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3390: 3383: 3378: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2953:Attic (Greek) 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2891:Proto-Elamite 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2405:Elder Futhark 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2296:Old Hungarian 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830:Masaram Gondi 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1800:Gunjala Gondi 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1612:Old Sundanese 1610: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1555:Old Maldivian 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1538:Bilang-bilang 1536: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1358:Sylheti Nagri 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1159:Brahmi script 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1054:South Arabian 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 1000:Inscriptional 998: 996: 993: 992: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 940: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 922: 919: 918: 917: 914: 910: 907: 906: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 893: 892: 889: 885: 880: 876: 872: 868: 863: 859: 849: 845: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 822: 820: 816: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 776: 771: 769: 764: 762: 757: 756: 753: 741: 738: 735: 734: 729: 726: 725: 720: 718: 715: 712: 711: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 690: 688: 686: 682: 676: 673: 670: 666: 663: 661: 658: 655: 654: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 586: 582: 577: 567: 564: 562: 559: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 543: 540: 539: 538: 535: 530: 527: 526: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 456: 454: 448: 444: 440: 432: 427: 425: 420: 418: 413: 412: 409: 403: 400: 397: 394: 393: 384: 381: 378: 374: 371: 368: 367: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 337: 323: 314: 312: 307: 299: 296: 294: 293:question mark 277: 276:abbreviations 272: 262: 255:, the letter 254: 247:. The letter 210: 194: 190: 171:; or rare as 158: 157:ti-assibilata 154: 130: 120: 118: 114: 113:Roman cursive 110: 106: 105:Monte Cassino 102: 98: 94: 89: 87: 84: 83:palaeographer 80: 76: 72: 68: 67:Longobardisca 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 45: 41: 32: 19: 4099:Thai and Lao 3776:Scandinavian 3408:1829 braille 3400:Braille cell 3200:Cypro-Minoan 3066:Pahawh Hmong 2979:Sitelen Pona 2943:Hindu-Arabic 2276:Mundari Bani 2168: 1850:Pahawh Hmong 1659:Tamil-Brahmi 1565:Eveyla Akuru 1560:Dhives Akuru 1027:Paleo-Hebrew 894: 830:undeciphered 740:Zaner-Bloser 710:Grundschrift 493: 452:and medieval 365: 322: 297: 273: 156: 152: 126: 97:Adriatic Sea 90: 78: 74: 66: 62: 58: 39: 37: 4598:RoboBraille 4422:Róża Czacka 4362:Perforation 4159:Independent 4057:(Bhutanese) 3792:Greenlandic 3463:Azerbaijani 3265:Jindai moji 3154:Syllabaries 3125:SignWriting 3025:Celtiberian 2927:Hieroglyphs 2730:Seal script 2715:Traditional 2587:Blissymbols 2492:Warang Citi 2467:Tolong Siki 2420:Marcomannic 2400:Dalecarlian 2390:Anglo-Saxon 2370:Pau Cin Hau 2261:Medefaidrin 2214:Merovingian 2174:Blackletter 2082:Asomtavruli 1875:Warang Citi 1684:Ulu scripts 1629:New Tai Lue 1572:Mon–Burmese 1426:Bhattiprolu 1254:Nandinagari 1081:ʾEsṭrangēlā 840:constructed 636:Copperplate 499:Blackletter 484:Carolingian 479:Merovingian 439:handwritten 239:. However, 189:Merovingian 18:Beneventana 4618:Categories 4150:(obsolete) 4131:(obsolete) 3923:(Pakistan) 3834:Belarusian 3716:Vietnamese 3659:Portuguese 3645:Philippine 3602:Lithuanian 3255:Hentaigana 3250:Man'yōgana 2710:Simplified 2597:Ersu Shaba 2511:Non-linear 2316:Old Uyghur 2306:Old Permic 2301:Old Italic 2234:Visigothic 2169:Beneventan 2104:Glagolitic 2067:Gadabuursi 1731:Kolezhuthu 1726:Vatteluttu 1664:Tanchangya 1587:Saurashtra 1164:Devanagari 1022:Phoenician 975:Manichaean 641:Spencerian 561:Court hand 549:Glagolitic 494:Beneventan 474:Visigothic 302:References 193:Visigothic 117:Desiderius 86:E. A. Lowe 79:Beneventan 63:Longobarda 59:Langobarda 4566:Vibratese 4545:Moon type 4538:Decapoint 4219:Eight-dot 4172:Cantonese 4121:Reordered 4084:Inuktitut 3973:Malayalam 3883:Ukrainian 3862:Mongolian 3841:Bulgarian 3804:Norwegian 3769:Icelandic 3560:Hungarian 3518:Esperanto 3470:Cantonese 3054:Redundant 2866:Anatolian 2817:Cuneiform 2745:bird-worm 2681:Logograms 2652:Testerian 2566:Ideograms 2543:Moon type 2430:Staveless 2321:Mongolian 2266:Molodtsov 2224:Sütterlin 2092:Mkhedruli 1958:Bassa Vah 1908:Alphabets 1880:Mwangwego 1845:Mwangwego 1820:Kharosthi 1773:Blackfoot 1736:Malayanma 1607:Sundanese 1602:Sukhothai 1550:Malayalam 1501:Khom Thai 1461:Goykanadi 1385:Tocharian 1338:ʼPhags-pa 1209:Khudabadi 1154:Bhaiksuki 1049:Samaritan 980:Nabataean 835:inventors 724:Sütterlin 698:D'Nealian 675:Shorthand 621:Secretary 601:Johannine 566:Lombardic 542:Bosančica 531:Poluustav 441:European 437:Types of 129:ligatures 4202:Japanese 4063:Georgian 4055:Dzongkha 4041:Armenian 3959:Gujarati 3824:Cyrillic 3755:Estonian 3730:Yugoslav 3666:Romanian 3638:Nigerian 3553:Hawaiian 3539:Ghanaian 3456:Albanian 3317:Sumerian 3282:Linear B 3245:Katakana 3240:Hiragana 3190:Cherokee 3120:ASLwrite 3081:Bopomofo 2936:Numerals 2922:Hieratic 2881:Isthmian 2850:Sumerian 2830:Assyrian 2825:Akkadian 2482:Vithkuqi 2457:Tifinagh 2425:Medieval 2380:Pisidian 2375:Phrygian 2346:Vagindra 2291:Ol Chiki 2199:Interlac 2154:Kayah Li 2144:Jenticha 2099:Veso Bey 2087:Nuskhuri 2077:Georgian 2047:Formosan 2042:Etruscan 2037:Enochian 1993:Cyrillic 1978:Coelbren 1936:Armenian 1835:Meroitic 1825:Mandombe 1815:Jenticha 1679:Tigalari 1644:Tai Viet 1639:Tai Tham 1619:Tagbanwa 1471:Javanese 1421:Baybayin 1411:Balinese 1399:Southern 1294:Pracalit 1289:Pachumol 1264:Bhujimol 1224:Mahajani 1184:Gurmukhi 1174:Gujarati 1142:Northern 1122:Abugidas 1103:Ugaritic 1091:Maḏnḥāyā 965:Tifinagh 958:Solitreo 896:Numerals 809:Grapheme 797:Overview 665:Skoropis 606:Humanist 596:Chancery 514:Georgian 509:Bastarda 253:ascender 123:Features 101:Dalmatia 71:Lombards 44:medieval 4107:Tibetan 4048:Burmese 4034:Amharic 4017:(India) 3994:Sinhala 3987:Punjabi 3966:Kannada 3914:Persian 3869:Russian 3809:Swedish 3787:Finnish 3762:Faroese 3737:Zambian 3709:Turkish 3694:Spanish 3617:Maltese 3595:Latvian 3588:Italian 3567:Iñupiaq 3546:Guarani 3506:English 3477:Catalan 3394:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑ 3389:Braille 3272:Kikakui 3210:Eskayan 3195:Cypriot 3045:Dunging 2917:Demotic 2896:Tenevil 2840:Hittite 2835:Elamite 2788:Jurchen 2767:Sawndip 2762:Chữ Nôm 2662:Zapotec 2657:Yerkish 2632:Nsibidi 2617:Miꞌkmaw 2607:Isotype 2577:Adinkra 2518:Braille 2502:Zaghawa 2472:Vellara 2452:Sunuwar 2442:Sidetic 2437:Shavian 2365:Osmanya 2355:Ol Onal 2209:Kurrent 2194:Insular 2184:Fraktur 2159:Klingon 2149:Kaddare 2123:Archaic 2032:Elbasan 2020:Chinook 2010:Deseret 1998:Bosnian 1953:Avoiuli 1941:Avestan 1931:Ariyaka 1860:Tengwar 1758:Bharati 1719:Serawai 1709:Pasemah 1694:Lampung 1649:Lai Tay 1634:Tai Noi 1597:Sinhala 1577:Pallava 1545:Makasar 1533:Lontara 1508:Kulitan 1481:Kannada 1476:Kadamba 1466:Hanunoo 1456:Grantha 1451:Fakkham 1368:Tibetan 1353:Soyombo 1348:Siddhaṃ 1343:Sharada 1319:Litumol 1309:Tirhuta 1299:Ranjana 1284:Kvemmol 1244:Multani 1229:Marchen 1194:Kalinga 1134:Brahmic 1071:Sogdian 1010:Psalter 990:Pahlavi 970:Mandaic 948:Cursive 933:Elymaic 904:Aramaic 653:Kurrent 626:Library 591:Cursive 554:Angular 504:Rotunda 450:Ancient 443:scripts 153:ti-dura 75:Gothica 4527:Other 4400:People 4390:Braigo 4209:Korean 4077:Hebrew 4008:Telugu 3907:Arabic 3897:Arabic 3855:Kyrgyz 3848:Kazakh 3782:Danish 3680:Slovak 3673:Samoan 3652:Polish 3631:Navajo 3532:German 3525:French 3392:  3337:Yugtun 3327:Woleai 3277:Kpelle 3260:Sōgana 3180:Byblos 2958:Muisca 2876:Cretan 2845:Luwian 2803:Tangut 2622:Mixtec 2592:Dongba 2497:Yezidi 2487:Wancho 2462:Todhri 2415:Gothic 2395:Cipher 2336:Manchu 2326:Evenki 2311:Orkhon 2256:Manchu 2251:Lydian 2246:Lycian 2189:Gaelic 2139:Hanifi 2134:Hangul 2109:Gothic 2057:Fraser 2052:Fox II 1988:Coptic 1963:Carian 1946:Pazend 1919:Linear 1865:Thaana 1810:Sarati 1751:Others 1714:Rejang 1699:Lembak 1689:Incung 1669:Telugu 1624:Tai Le 1518:Langdi 1441:Chakma 1331:Karani 1304:Tamyig 1279:Kummol 1274:Himmol 1269:Golmol 1249:Nagari 1234:Meitei 1219:Lepcha 1204:Khojki 1189:Kaithi 1076:Syriac 1064:Musnad 943:Ashuri 938:Hebrew 921:Elifba 916:Arabic 909:Hatran 884:Abjads 717:Palmer 611:Italic 584:Modern 469:Uncial 464:Rustic 261:uncial 107:, and 47:script 42:was a 4243:(GS8) 4234:Kanji 4092:Khmer 4070:Greek 4001:Tamil 3934:i.e. 3895:i.e. 3876:Tatar 3822:i.e. 3723:Welsh 3624:Māori 3581:Irish 3499:Dutch 3492:Czech 3302:Nüshu 3170:Bamum 3165:Afaka 2972:Other 2963:Roman 2948:Abjad 2871:Bagam 2772:Bowen 2757:Kanji 2752:Hanja 2740:small 2735:large 2642:Olmec 2612:Kaidā 2602:Emoji 2582:Aztec 2385:Runic 2360:Osage 2341:Oirat 2286:Ogham 2219:Sigla 2164:Latin 2119:Greek 2003:Early 1973:Cirth 1926:Adlam 1795:Geʽez 1790:Fox I 1654:Tamil 1513:Lanna 1496:Khmer 1486:Karen 1436:Buhid 1416:Batak 1373:Uchen 1363:Takri 1314:Limbu 1214:Laṇḍā 1199:Khema 1179:Gupta 1169:Dogri 1086:Serṭā 1059:Zabur 1044:Punic 1017:Pegon 953:Rashi 867:Types 818:Lists 782:Types 646:Ronde 616:Round 528:Ustav 519:Greek 459:Roman 4015:Urdu 3980:Odia 3921:Urdu 3297:Loma 3292:Lisu 3235:Kana 3225:Iban 3215:Geba 3175:Bété 3130:si5s 3040:Khom 3013:Full 2886:Maya 2281:N'Ko 1840:Miao 1785:Dham 1704:Ogan 1674:Thai 1592:Shan 1528:Leke 1491:Kawi 1446:Cham 1431:Buda 1406:Ahom 1326:Odia 1239:Modi 995:Book 219:and 191:and 179:and 167:and 147:and 109:Bari 93:Rome 38:The 3574:IPA 3322:Vai 3230:Idu 2798:Sui 2271:Mru 2241:Luo 2204:IPA 1885:Rma 1582:Pyu 1523:Lao 1378:Umê 784:of 99:in 81:by 53:in 4620:: 3332:Yi 310:^ 295:. 271:. 175:, 163:, 143:, 139:, 135:, 88:. 65:, 61:, 3512:) 3508:( 3381:e 3374:t 3367:v 2125:) 2121:( 774:e 767:t 760:v 671:) 667:( 430:e 423:t 416:v 20:)

Index

Beneventana

medieval
script
Duchy of Benevento
southern Italy
Lombards
palaeographer
E. A. Lowe
Rome
Adriatic Sea
Dalmatia
Monte Cassino
Bari
Roman cursive
Desiderius
ligatures
Merovingian
Visigothic
German pre-caroline script
ascender
uncial
abbreviations
question mark


Guglielmo Cavallo
Guglielmo Cavallo
The Beneventan Script. A history of the south Italian Minuscule
'Fonts for Latin Paleography: User's Manual. 6th edition'

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