300:
440:
529:
49:
176:
504:
346:
extraordinary but in that year were raised to the status of ordinary yeomen. There was a considerable wage difference between the two groups. In 1562, a yeoman of the ordinary received 16d per day, whereas an extraordinary yeoman was paid the same as a common infantryman (4d or 6d). In 1551, the ordinary was expanded to 200 men, of whom 100 were to be archers and 100 halberdiers, but these numbers were not maintained. Uniform at this time was a velvet coat trimmed with silver gilt, worn over armour.
544:, the original "Beefeaters", a similar but distinct body. On ceremonial occasions, the Yeoman Warders wear the Yeomen of the Guard's distinctive uniform, that consists of a royal red tunic with purple facings and stripes and gold lace ornaments, red knee-breeches and red stockings, flat hat, and black shoes with red, white and blue rosettes. The gold-embroidered emblems on the back and front of the coats consist of the crowned
689:
762:
feathers, to allow them to fly, instead of merely hopping or gliding, and they can reach the top of the buildings. One of the birds, Merlina, was allowed to fly to the wharf on the Thames but she always returned due to the bonding with her keeper. During Skaife's tenure to date, only one raven, Munin, escaped but was captured by a member of the public.
338:. The title of this detachment was subsequently changed to that of Tower warders as a more accurate reflection of their duties. As warders without any ceremonial state functions they forfeited the right to wear the scarlet royal livery of the now separate Yeoman of the Guard. This was, however, restored to them during the reign of
1013:
The nickname 'Beef-eaters,' which is sometimes associated with the Yeomen of the Guard, had its origin in 1669, when Count Cosimo, grand duke of
Tuscany, was in England, and, writing of the size and stature of this magnificent Guard, said, 'They are great eaters of beef, of which a very large ration
345:
The original Tudor guard was split into two categories: the ordinary (i.e., permanent) guard and the additional troops of the extraordinary. In 1550, for example, the ordinary mustered 105 men, with an additional 300 extraordinary yeomen. Until 1549, the guards at the Tower were numbered among the
665:
The rank chevrons point down and are worn on the right upper arm. The
Ravenmaster's badge is worn on the right lower arm. When wearing State dress, the Chief Yeoman Warder has a black cane as additional sign of his dignity. Instead, on special or highly official occasions, he carries a ceremonial
761:
To prevent the ravens flying away, their flight feathers have traditionally been trimmed so that they are unable to fly in a straight line for any appreciable distance. The ravens are free, however, to roam the Tower grounds. More recently, the
Ravenmaster has been clipping less of the wings and
515:
up, the upper edges of the "undress" uniform's red collar and cuffs are trimmed with gold braid. When the sovereign visits the Tower, or the warders are on duty at a state occasion, they wear red and gold uniforms similar to those of the Yeomen of the Guard. These uniforms are referred to by the
459:
is a pub exclusively for the
Warders and for their invited guests. They must own a home outside the fortress to occupy when they retire. Some of the accommodation dates back to the 13th century. The community of the Tower of London is made up of Yeoman Warders and their families, the Resident
378:
729:. He decreed that at least six ravens must always remain at the Tower. The presence of captive ravens probably goes back only to the late 19th century. According to one source, a picture of captive ravens from 1883 is the first known reference to the birds.
765:
The
Ravenmaster releases the birds from their cages and prepares breakfast for them at dawn each day. The warders have commented that the "real beefeaters" at the Tower are the ravens. Traditionally, they were fed raw beef bought at
388:
In 2018, there were 37 Yeomen
Warders and one Chief Warder. At one time they were primarily guards, but more recently their role is mainly ceremonial; they have become greeters and guides for visitors, as part of their 21 duties.
721:, the "astronomical observator", complained that the ravens interfered with observatory work, Charles initially ordered them destroyed, but reminded of the legend, the story goes that he decided instead to relocate the
215:, who frequented the Court in 1669. In referring to the Yeomen of the Guard, he stated, "A very large ration of beef is given to them daily at the court, and they might be called Beef-eaters". The
474:
became the first female Yeoman Warder. In 2009, three male warders were suspended, accused of bullying
Cameron; two were dismissed and one was re-instated following the month-long investigation.
670:, a long-handed battle-axe that had originated with the Vikings. In State dress, all Yeoman Warders are armed with saber-hilted swords, with the ordinary Warders and Serjeants also armed with
1752:
2585:
207:
is of uncertain origin, with various proposed derivations. The term was common as early as the 17th century as a slang term for the
English in general. The earliest connection to the
396:. To be appointed, one must be "a former Warrant Officer, class 1 or 2, (or the equivalent rank in other services) and in exceptional circumstances, a Staff Sergeant" from the
585:. Paradoxically, the Yeoman Warders wear like the Yeomen of the Guard a black shoulder strap on the back, below the left shoulder, originally intended to hold the harquebus
774:, mice and pig hearts, as well as peanuts and dog biscuits soaked in blood and fish, in hope that this tactic would reduce the amount of scavenging from the rubbish bins.
299:
424:); and must have served for 22 years in the regular armed services. Until 2009, sailors were ineligible to become Yeomen Warders. This was because sailors of the
2840:
495:
As of July 2023, the Chief Yeoman Warder is former Royal Navy serviceman Rob Fuller and the Yeoman Gaoler is Clive Towell a former
British Army Sergeant Major.
342:(1547–1553), reportedly at the request of a high court official who had been briefly imprisoned in the Tower and was impressed by the behaviour of the warders.
666:
staff topped by a miniature of the White Tower. The Yeoman Gaoler is the Chief Yeoman Warder's second-in-command. When wearing State dress, he is armed with a
270:(an Old French term meaning "a waiter or servant" at a sideboard) are often mentioned, since one role of Beefeaters was to attend the king at meals. However,
2850:
1987:
139:
Yeomen
Warders of His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London, and Members of the Sovereign's Body Guard of the Yeoman Guard Extraordinary
421:
2855:
413:
2771:
492:
lockdown. This included the first ever Yeomen Warder redundancies. Compulsory redundancies were avoided, but five warders took voluntary redundancy.
278:(published 1879–1882), concludes that there is "not the faintest tittle of evidence" for this conjecture. Other reliable sources also indicate that
1886:
1547:
533:
417:
1490:
1857:
212:
1766:
1364:
937:
488:(HRP), the charity that looks after the Tower of London, announced a compulsory redundancy order following losses in tourist revenue from the
800:
is set in the Tower of London during the 16th century, before the two corps were split apart; it concerns what are today the Yeomen Warders.
334:. The Tower retained the formal status of a royal palace and to mark this a party of twelve Yeomen of the Guard was left in place as a token
1597:
1413:
2168:
1826:
223:
also commonly produced and consumed broths made of beef, which were described as rich and hearty. These broths were known, at the time, as
1007:
854:
2366:
2313:
970:
1694:
219:
name was carried over to the Yeomen Warders, due to the two corps' outward similarities and the Yeoman Warders' more public presence.
717:. Legend maintains that should the ravens ever leave the Tower, the White Tower will fall and disaster will befall the kingdom. When
611:
Four gold chevrons and a gold crown above. On the chevrons, a pair of crossed gold keys bordered in red, the key bits pointing down
481:, staged walkouts of several hours in protest of planned changes to their pension benefit scheme, the first such action since 1963.
2814:
2065:
2030:
1980:
2660:
234:
While this is the most-cited etymology, including by the Corps themselves, some etymologists have noted the term's similarity to
149:. In principle they are the palace guard, responsible for looking after any prisoners in the Tower, and safeguarding the British
1099:
2408:
2318:
1996:
1336:
2860:
2799:
2504:
2499:
1921:
1836:
1704:
1243:
1082:
755:
1398:
1200:
366:
1955:
2645:
2323:
2206:
1973:
1072:
169:
2558:
2403:
2280:
2119:
1940:
1794:"Why the Tower of London has a ravenmaster — a man charged with keeping at least six ravens at the castle at all times"
1519:
150:
1665:
880:
2835:
2700:
2015:
1394:
829:
2781:
2438:
2398:
1014:
is given them daily at the court, and they might be called Beef-eaters.' The supposed derivation from 'Buffetier' (
713:
It is not known how long the ravens have been living in the Tower of London, but they were resident by the time of
706:
for short) is an appointment, not a rank, of that Yeomen Warder responsible for the welfare of the Tower of London
966:
439:
2433:
358:
195:, a distinct corps of Royal Bodyguards of the British monarch, the Yeomen Warders are in fact a separate entity.
2619:
909:
511:
The Yeomen Warders normally wear an "undress" uniform of dark blue with red trimmings. For senior warders from
1965:
581:, worn from the left shoulder. This is a relic from the time when the Guard, and not the Warders, carried the
455:
and rent. Most also have a home outside the grounds in order to have a break from their work environment. The
2741:
2685:
2655:
2371:
2361:
2124:
814:
683:
620:
464:
319:, a heraldic badge of the dynasty, is part of the badge of the Yeomen Warders to this day. Founded after the
2393:
2160:
2052:
722:
1308:
2575:
2570:
2328:
2308:
1633:
2731:
2695:
2413:
2351:
2047:
1230:(1983). "On a Tudor Parade Ground: The Captain's handbook of Henry Barrett 1562". In Hale, J.R. (ed.).
647:(no rank but appointment) Red circular cloth badge, with a black raven head protruding from three gold
31:
1264:
1178:
432:
rather than the monarch personally. In 2009, sailors became eligible to join the Yeoman Warders after
2804:
2675:
2470:
2234:
2145:
17:
436:
consented to a petition from the Governor of the Tower to allow Royal Navy senior ratings to serve.
2865:
2650:
2602:
2565:
2418:
2356:
2338:
2229:
2035:
1232:
997:
574:
910:"One of the world's most exclusive pubs is hidden within the Tower of London — take a look inside"
2776:
2705:
2514:
2201:
1133:
796:
573:
The item of uniform that distinguishes The Yeomen of the Guard from the Tower Warders is the red
1461:
2670:
2614:
2532:
2509:
2178:
1757:
1720:
1369:
834:
733:
528:
485:
357:
to supplement them when necessary. The Tower Hamlets was an area significantly larger than the
350:
770:
by the Ravenmaster. Recently, other foods have been introduced to their diet, such as chicks,
767:
2809:
2766:
2475:
2465:
2459:
2450:
2298:
2250:
751:
714:
327:
1280:
2494:
2221:
2185:
2129:
1793:
1762:
1045:
393:
308:
271:
161:
1548:"New era for the Tower of London with new Chief Yeoman Warder and Yeoman Gaoler appointed"
8:
2845:
2715:
2629:
2624:
2609:
2553:
2346:
2255:
2025:
1863:
541:
456:
192:
323:, it is the UK's oldest existing military corps and the oldest of the royal bodyguards.
2787:
2690:
2525:
2260:
2211:
1281:"There's a Secret Pub in the Tower of London, and Only 37 People Are on the Guest List"
1174:
747:
448:
320:
251:
1034:(3rd ed.). Rapid City, South Dakota: Travis Russell & Associates. p. 46.
2290:
2074:
1917:
1832:
1700:
1239:
1078:
693:
671:
558:
523:
478:
429:
97:
1696:
City of Ravens: The Extraordinary History of London, the Tower and its Famous Ravens
2761:
2748:
2736:
2680:
2385:
2303:
2265:
2010:
1524:
1201:"The Tower of London's famous Beefeaters are facing redundancy due to the pandemic"
1101:
An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language: Arranged on an Historical Basis
962:
914:
165:
48:
1887:"Chris Skaife, Master Raven Keeper at the Tower of London, & Merlin the Raven"
1858:"Exclusive: Could the legend come true? Tower of London raven allowed to fly free"
2870:
2794:
2548:
2091:
2079:
1959:
1418:
1259:
791:
771:
744:
736:
567:
428:—unlike soldiers, marines, and airmen—swear an oath of allegiance to
405:
331:
208:
184:
172:. The garrison consists of 32 (formerly 37) Yeomen Warders and one Chief Warder.
146:
247:
2425:
2381:
2275:
2270:
2101:
1995:
1952:
718:
503:
354:
70:
1011:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 916–918.
175:
2829:
2710:
2485:
2173:
2150:
2040:
1798:
1002:
809:
471:
409:
381:
312:
154:
42:
Yeomen Warders of His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress The Tower of London
1946:
2665:
2096:
2084:
2020:
1724:
1670:
1602:
1495:
1341:
885:
819:
787:
740:
707:
563:
433:
401:
1433:
1138:
The conjecture that sense 2 may have had some different origin, e.g. <
996:
1238:. History series. Vol. 11. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 252–4.
783:
452:
349:
The Yeomen Warders provided the permanent garrison of the Tower, but the
243:
180:
113:
976:
758:). Skaife will continue as a Yeoman Warder but taking on other duties.
545:
425:
397:
316:
2754:
2519:
1962:
A collection of historical materials created by Yeoman William Norton
1735:
1607:
1227:
824:
726:
586:
339:
1572:
732:
As of 2024, the Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster of the Tower of London is
1466:
1438:
1313:
1142:'sideboard,' is historically baseless. No such form of the word as
667:
619:
Four gold chevrons and a gold crown above. A gold miniature of the
582:
566:
of the reigning sovereign. The State Dress is often worn without a
549:
489:
335:
2586:
High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse
524:
Differences between the Yeoman Warders and the Yeoman of the Guard
507:
Yeoman Warder wearing a cloak with red collar and red inner lining
1803:
1491:"Beefeaters at Tower of London strike for first time in 55 years"
578:
553:
246:
term for a menial servant, lit. "loaf-eater", the counterpart of
1598:"South Uist raven which served the Tower of London dies aged 22"
1337:"Flight sergeant from Bristol to be a Tower of London beefeater"
1303:
1301:
377:
648:
153:. They have also conducted guided tours of the Tower since the
688:
1298:
651:, the badge's lower half surrounded by a gold laurel wreath
1997:
Royal Household in England, Scotland and the United Kingdom
534:
Coronation Procession of King Charles III and Queen Camilla
259:
255:
168:
with at least 22 years of service. They must also hold the
1520:"Beefeaters avoid chop as jobs are cut at Tower of London"
1414:"Take him to the tower! Gosport sailor is now a Beefeater"
1205:
1765:: Palaces Press Office. 29 February 2024. Archived from
1158:, is merely an 18th century bad spelling, not so old as
1943:
Article in the official website of the British Monarchy
1124:
307:
The Yeomen Warders were formed in 1485 by the new King
1719:
710:. The official title has been in use since the 1960s.
692:
Chris Skaife – the former Ravenmaster in front of the
532:
Yeoman Warders wearing their Tudor State Dress in the
361:, which owed military service to the Constable in his
542:
The Sovereign's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard
191:
Although the Yeomen Warders are often referred to as
1725:"Introducing the Tower of London's new Ravenmaster!"
179:
A Yeoman Warder in his newly produced dress showing
592:
570:, which is reserved for highly official occasions.
1856:
1753:"New Ravenmaster Appointed at the Tower of London"
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1389:
1387:
1231:
1150:, which has been cited as a phonetic link between
1123:
276:An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
262:" respectively. Claims that the name derives from
211:came as a reference to the Yeomen of the Guard by
1395:"Sailor Beefeater begins work at Tower of London"
286:is unlikely to have been the source of the word.
2827:
1788:
1786:
1784:
460:Governor and officers, a chaplain and a doctor.
30:"Beefeater" redirects here. For other uses, see
1651:
1384:
2841:History of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
2772:Armour-Bearer and Squire of His Majesty's Body
990:
988:
986:
447:The Yeomen Warders and their families live in
392:All Yeoman Warders are retired members of the
1981:
1781:
477:In December 2018, the yeomen, members of the
2851:Positions within the British Royal Household
2169:Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood
1666:"The Brilliant, Playful, Bloodthirsty Raven"
280:
264:
236:
213:Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
183:'s Cypher. Photographed at the gates of the
1434:"Woman joins Beefeaters at Tower of London"
983:
540:The Yeomen Warders are often confused with
27:Ceremonial guardians of the Tower of London
2367:Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal
2314:Apothecary to the Household at Sandringham
1988:
1974:
1850:
1848:
782:The Tower Warders are featured in an 1888
631:Four gold chevrons and a gold crown above
47:
2856:Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom
198:
1825:Theobald, John Owen (11 February 2016).
1824:
1627:
1625:
1278:
1183:Transactions of the Philological Society
1173:
979:on 11 May 2021 – via Bartleby.com.
855:"Yeoman Warder (Job specification 2018)"
687:
527:
502:
438:
376:
298:
174:
2661:Official Harpist to the Prince of Wales
1854:
1845:
1747:
1745:
1411:
1405:
1070:
1046:"Yeoman Warders | Tower of London"
1029:
994:
972:Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
938:"YEOMAN WARDERS AT THE TOWER OF LONDON"
414:Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct
14:
2828:
2319:Apothecary to the Household at Windsor
2062:Other great officers of the Household
1911:
1517:
1488:
961:
907:
878:
359:modern London Borough of the same name
330:moved his official residence from the
2800:Gentleman Usher to the Sword of State
2460:Keeper (or Treasurer) of the Wardrobe
2031:His Majesty's Representative at Ascot
1969:
1622:
1489:Davies, Caroline (21 December 2018).
1412:Sherman, Jonathan (1 November 2011).
1194:
1192:
1097:
1016:i.e. one who attends at the sideboard
872:
2195:Master of the Household's Department
1742:
1226:
1104:. Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 53
367:Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets
2646:Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom
2409:Surveyor of the King's Works of Art
2207:Master of the Household of Scotland
1692:
1631:
1518:France, Anthony (19 October 2020).
1198:
443:Tower of London, residential house.
294:
170:Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
24:
2559:Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard
2139:Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office
2120:Private Secretary to the Sovereign
1189:
756:Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment
463:Yeomen Warders participate in the
145:, are ceremonial guardians of the
62:1485 (1509: see History) – present
25:
2882:
2701:Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland
2016:Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
2011:Lord Chamberlain of the Household
1934:
1462:"Beefeaters fired in bully probe"
830:Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
372:
160:All warders are retired from the
2782:Field Officer in Brigade Waiting
2324:Coroner of the Queen's Household
593:Ranks, appointments and insignia
384:, the first female Yeoman Warder
303:A Tower Warder (Beef Eater) 1893
2404:Surveyor of the King's Pictures
2004:Great officers of the Household
1905:
1879:
1855:Rudgard, Olivia (15 May 2017).
1818:
1713:
1686:
1590:
1565:
1540:
1511:
1482:
1454:
1426:
1357:
1329:
1309:"The Secret Life of Beefeaters"
1272:
1252:
1220:
1167:
1116:
1091:
908:Tickle, Louise (31 July 2017).
353:could call upon the men of the
1912:Minney, Rubeigh James (1970).
1279:Saladino, Emily (9 May 2018).
1098:Skeat, Walter William (1882).
1064:
1038:
1023:
955:
930:
901:
879:Tickle, Louise (4 July 2011).
847:
677:
13:
1:
2742:Astronomer Royal for Scotland
2686:Principal Painter in Ordinary
2372:Honorary Chaplain to the King
2362:Gentleman of the Chapel Royal
2125:Director for Security Liaison
2021:Lord Steward of the Household
1699:. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
1074:More Words Ancient and Modern
840:
815:Cultural depictions of ravens
684:Ravens of the Tower of London
2861:British military specialisms
2476:Keeper of the Great Wardrobe
2394:Keeper of the Royal Archives
2053:Comptroller of the Household
1638:Historic UK History Magazine
1365:"Who Are The Yeoman Warders"
451:inside the fortress, paying
7:
2620:Keeper of the Queen's Swans
2505:Gentleman of the Bedchamber
2466:Comptroller of the Wardrobe
2329:Medical Officer to The King
2309:Apothecary to the Household
998:"Yeomen of the Guard"
803:
498:
311:, the first monarch of the
53:Badge of the Yeomen Warders
10:
2887:
2732:Defence Services Secretary
2696:Flower Painter in Ordinary
2656:Master of the King's Music
2414:Master of the Jewel Office
2352:Deputy Clerk of the Closet
2113:Private Secretary's Office
2048:Treasurer of the Household
1693:Sax, Boria (5 July 2012).
1199:Guy, Jack (20 July 2020).
995:Hennell, Reginald (1911).
681:
289:
128:Rose, Thistle and Shamrock
32:Beefeater (disambiguation)
29:
2724:
2676:Piper to the Queen Mother
2638:
2594:
2541:
2484:
2449:
2380:
2337:
2289:
2243:
2235:Cofferer of the Household
2220:
2194:
2161:Lord Chamberlain's Office
2159:
2146:Keeper of the Privy Purse
2138:
2112:
2061:
2003:
1831:. Chicago: Head of Zeus.
881:"Want to be a Beefeater?"
700:Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster
644:Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster
141:, popularly known as the
124:
119:
109:
104:
92:
84:
80:Palace and Fortress Guard
76:
66:
58:
46:
41:
2836:British ceremonial units
2651:Master of the Ceremonies
2603:Master of the Staghounds
2542:Bodyguards and guardians
2471:Cofferer of the Wardrobe
2419:Treasurer of the Chamber
2357:Dean of the Chapel Royal
2339:Ecclesiastical Household
2230:Clerk of the Green Cloth
2092:Keeper of the Privy Seal
2036:Master of the Buckhounds
1071:Weekley, Ernest (1971).
777:
2706:Grand Carver of England
2576:Silver Stick-in-Waiting
2515:Woman of the Bedchamber
2244:Lords/ladies-in-waiting
2202:Master of the Household
2066:Great Officers of State
1958:8 December 2013 at the
1265:Encyclopædia Britannica
1234:Renaissance War Studies
1134:Oxford University Press
1008:Encyclopædia Britannica
797:The Yeomen of the Guard
412:; must have earned the
237:
2805:His Majesty's Botanist
2671:Piper to the Sovereign
2639:Arts and entertainment
2615:Master of the Harriers
2533:Page of the Backstairs
2510:Lady of the Bedchamber
2500:Lord of the Bedchamber
2430:Historiographer Royal
2179:Gentleman of the Horse
1758:Historic Royal Palaces
1721:Historic Royal Palaces
1370:Historic Royal Palaces
1268:(15th ed.). 1993.
1179:"On False Etymologies"
1050:Historic Royal Palaces
1030:Benusis, Jota (1998).
942:Historic Royal Palaces
859:Historic Royal Palaces
835:Marcus Valerius Corvus
768:Smithfield Meat Market
743:), who took over from
734:Company Sergeant Major
696:
636:Yeoman Warder Serjeant
537:
516:Yeoman Warders as the
508:
486:Historic Royal Palaces
444:
385:
351:Constable of the Tower
304:
281:
265:
199:Etymology of Beefeater
188:
2767:Personal aide-de-camp
2571:Gold Stick-in-Waiting
2566:Sovereign's Bodyguard
2299:Physician to the King
2251:Mistress of the Robes
1573:"Yeomen of the Guard"
691:
531:
506:
442:
380:
302:
178:
2777:King's Flag Sergeant
2495:Groom of the Chamber
2222:Board of Green Cloth
2186:Master of the Revels
2130:Royal Communications
1941:"The Monarchy Today"
1763:Hampton Court Palace
1723:(29 February 2024).
465:Ceremony of the Keys
162:British Armed Forces
2716:Pantler of Scotland
2630:Marker of the Swans
2625:Warden of the Swans
2610:Master of the Hawks
2554:Yeomen of the Guard
2347:Clerk of the Closet
2281:Mother of the Maids
2256:Master of the Robes
2026:Master of the Horse
1916:. London: Cassell.
1914:The Tower of London
1864:The Daily Telegraph
1806:. 30 September 2018
1674:. 14 September 2018
1399:Ministry of Defence
1175:Wedgwood, Hensleigh
1077:. Ayer Publishing.
1018:) has no authority.
702:(also known as the
639:Four gold chevrons
608:Chief Yeoman Warder
457:Yeoman Warders Club
193:Yeomen of the Guard
164:and must be former
2810:King's Bargemaster
2788:Warden of the Mint
2691:Painter and Limner
2526:Groom of the Stool
2261:Groom of the Robes
2212:Butler of Scotland
1470:. 25 November 2009
1401:. 31 October 2011.
1345:. 20 February 2018
748:Christopher Skaife
697:
621:Norman White Tower
538:
509:
449:tied accommodation
445:
434:Queen Elizabeth II
386:
321:Battle of Bosworth
305:
250:"loaf-warden" and
189:
187:on 24th April 2023
2823:
2822:
2815:Funeral directors
2291:Medical Household
2075:Lord High Steward
2064:(currently among
1947:"The Ravenmaster"
1923:978-0-1392-5768-1
1891:Spitalfields Life
1838:978-1-7849-7436-7
1706:978-1-5902-0777-2
1397:(Press release).
1317:. 4 November 2015
1245:978-0-9076-2802-6
1084:978-0-8369-5917-8
963:Brewer, E. Cobham
723:Royal Observatory
663:
662:
559:Dieu et mon droit
518:Tudor State Dress
132:
131:
98:Dieu et mon droit
16:(Redirected from
2878:
2791:
2762:Knight Marischal
2758:
2749:Geographer Royal
2737:Astronomer Royal
2681:Serjeant Painter
2606:
2529:
2462:
2386:Royal Collection
2304:Serjeant Surgeon
2266:Groom in Waiting
1990:
1983:
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1953:"Yeoman Warders"
1949:BBC News article
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1828:These Dark Wings
1822:
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1769:on 23 April 2024
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915:Business Insider
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623:on the chevrons
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295:The Tudor Yeomen
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254:, which became "
240:
166:warrant officers
110:Colonel in Chief
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2786:
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2399:Royal Librarian
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2080:Lord Chancellor
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1610:. 27 March 2018
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715:King Charles II
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1893:. 3 March 2013
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1634:"Tower Ravens"
1632:Johnson, Ben.
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1442:. 3 March 2007
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1136:. March 2016.
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1032:Broth Handbook
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1003:Chisholm, Hugh
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719:John Flamsteed
694:Traitors' Gate
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2790:(1216–1829)
2757:(1102–1261)
2605:(1738–1782)
2528:(1509–1901)
1897:29 November
1871:29 November
1643:29 November
1614:29 November
1532:29 November
1503:29 November
1446:29 November
1376:29 November
1290:29 November
1212:29 November
1108:23 December
947:18 December
922:1 September
864:18 December
786:written by
784:Savoy Opera
704:Ravenmaster
678:Ravenmaster
244:Old English
181:Charles III
85:Garrison/HQ
2846:Bodyguards
2830:Categories
1552:Forces Net
1160:beef-eater
1144:*buffetier
1130:OED Online
918:. New York
841:References
752:Drum Major
750:(a former
739:(a former
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575:cross-belt
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546:Tudor Rose
426:Royal Navy
398:Royal Navy
363:ex officio
328:Henry VIII
317:Tudor rose
221:Beefeaters
143:Beefeaters
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2755:Justiciar
2520:Chamberer
1810:1 October
1736:Instagram
1678:1 October
1608:Edinburgh
1349:1 October
1321:1 October
1156:beefeater
825:Londinium
754:with the
727:Greenwich
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603:Insignia
587:bandolier
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479:GMB union
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309:Henry VII
282:buffetier
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217:Beefeater
205:Beefeater
203:The name
18:Beefeater
2451:Wardrobe
2439:Scotland
1956:Archived
1867:. London
1773:23 April
1577:royal.uk
1557:4 August
1528:. London
1499:. London
1467:BBC News
1439:NBC News
1314:BBC News
1285:Vinepair
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