17:
117:
72:
355:
854:
843:
94:
872:
379:
society such traders as might from time to time return from the Indian country. Potential members were selected by ballot on the basis of their standing and character and then invited as a guest to one of the gatherings. Following the dinner, a vote was taken and only if approved of unanimously would they then be invited to join the Club. The vast majority of them were
200:
countries where the Queen's writ scarcely runs, where the law only of personal authority takes effect. Often he has not only to contend with the
Indians, and to right himself on the spot with other traders, but he has to fight his own men hand to hand. Kindness, vigour, and sagacity, usually render but one such affair necessary.
887:
43:. According to the club's rules, the object of their meeting was "to bring together, at stated periods during the winter season, a set of men highly respectable in society, who had passed their best days in a savage country and had encountered the difficulties and dangers incident to a pursuit of the
344:
This too often happens with the gentlemen of the North-west company who retire from the concern. They emerge suddenly into civilized life after a banishment of many years in dreary forests and among a race of savages; and are apt to be dazzled by the glare of refinement and luxury, whose temptations
195:
A first-rate Indian trader is no ordinary man. He is a soldier-merchant, and unites the gallantry of the one with the shrewdness of the other. Montreal was then the best place for seeing this class of persons.. They spend fast, play all the freaks, pranks, and street-fooleries, and originate all the
378:
At first, the nineteen incorporators of the Beaver Club maintained a rigid exclusiveness over its membership, but later their ranks were opened and the limit of membership was placed at fifty-five with ten honorary places. At the regular gatherings an opportunity was offered of introducing into
367:
667:
After dinner, any previous formalities were laid aside as the men started to sing old voyageur songs and exchange tales about their perilous adventures in the old fur trading days. The festivities often ran into the early hours of the morning with the members dancing on the tables, re-enacting
199:
The Indian Trader is a bold, square-chested, gaunt man, sun-burnt, with extraordinary long hair as a defence against mosquitoes. He is equally at home on horseback or in the canoe - indefatigable when needful, careless of heat and cold, and brave as steel, as though he bore a charmed life, in
340:, that ought to have furthered his fortune, but not before too long his style of living coupled with a free and generous disposition to his guests left him with nothing other than his manor house. In 1808, John Lambert recalled in reference to Montour:
303:
They traversed the rivers in great state, like sovereigns making a progress. They were wrapped in rich furs, their huge canoes freighted with every convenience and luxury and manned by
Canadian voyageurs as loyal and as obedient as their own ancestral
473:. The last named recorded in his diary: "Upon the whole I don't recollect having ever spent a more pleasant or more interesting day than that with the Beaver Club". In gratitude to member James Hughes, with whom he was staying with in
1016:
were elected almost every year from 1787, though the dates of their first voyages into the interior were not always recorded. The list below shows new members inducted by year, and if known the year of their first voyage in brackets:
1279:
672:
adventures and breaking numerous bottles, plates, glasses and chairs in the process. There were many stories of the members arranging themselves on the floor in a row as if they were in a great
236:. Conducting themselves in suitable style, two or three of the chief partners would venture forth from Montreal to the annual meeting with the 'wintering (junior) partners' on the ground at
84:
299:
at their belts. In 1894, Brian Hughes recalled his grandfather (James Hughes, admitted a member of the club in 1813) recounting his memories of these partners journeying into the wilds:
499:. But, most importantly they wore the club's large gold medal with the inscription "Fortitude in Distress", that hung from a light blue ribbon around their necks.
927:
held the most senior rank. In that order, with the dates in brackets of their first adventures into the
Canadian wilderness, the original nineteen members were:
332:
The men of the Beaver Club had a great reputation for hospitality and generosity, which led to many of them frittering away their fortunes. One such example was
224:. As profits continued to soar, the chief partners of the North West Company retired from their expeditions into the wilderness to conduct their business with
1341:
tried to revive its traditions in 1827 it was doomed to failure – the spirit enjoyed by the earlier traders had gone. However, several members, such as
345:
are too powerful to be resisted. Hence they are frequently led into error and extravagance, which ultimately despoil them of their hard-earned property.
1189:
1817: William Henry; Jacob Franks (1799); David David (1807); John McLaughlin (1807); Hugh McGillis; John McDonald; Allan McDonell; James Grant;
1605:
374:
wrote in his diary: "Upon the whole I don't recollect having ever spent a more pleasant or more interesting day than that with the Beaver Club"
1334:
are a parcel of Boys and upstarts, who were not born in our time, and supposes they know much more of the Indian trade than any before them".
168:
hospitality they offered to their guests and for the jovial, rollicking behaviour that carried on at their meetings. In his entertaining book
1359:
895:
638:
1239:. They could only attend at meetings held especially for them in the summer months. The dates in brackets show the year of their admission:
546:
having been placed in its mouth before the grand entrance. The members and their guests were then permitted to pursue their own pleasures.
212:, there were 28 chief partners of the North West Company and their business was conducted by an army of about 2,000 men, not including the
263:
were the most experienced canoe-men and wilderness travelers in the world, and the partners took a high pride in the skill of their hardy
481:
with gold trim, bearing the inscription: "The Earl of
Dalhousie to James Hughes, Esq., in remembrance of the Beaver Club, May 24, 1824".
51:". Only fragmentary records remain of their meetings, but from these it is clear that the Beaver Club was "an animated expression of the
1691:
109:, and her husband, Edward Hopkins, secretary to the Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, in similar style as to the partners of the
1686:
1696:
1259:
664:
was told, that "on certain great occasions the last plate put on the table before each member held a cheque for a sum of money".
196:
current whimsicalities: but this is their brief holiday: when they turn their faces westward, up stream, their manners change.
180:
A number of young men, chiefly of good Scotch families, able, daring, and somewhat reckless perhaps (a typical example being
1572:
470:
371:
237:
438:
79:, "A map of the Inhabited Part of Canada from the French Surveys; with the Frontiers of New York and New England", 1777
1306:, and without competitors' territories to invade, the early spirit of adventure had disappeared from newcomers to the
1029:
1083:
756:
511:
423:
1338:
1220:
1173:
1114:
1072:
924:
865:
784:
396:
1337:
The club continued to meet until 1804, and there was a resurgence of interest between 1807 and 1824, but when
1213:
1166:
1152:
1137:
1122:
768:
736:
484:
The dinners commenced at 4:00 in the afternoon. Members arrived richly adorned in ruffles and a profusion of
1367:(founded in 1810, and still extant), where meetings in the 1830s were reminiscent of the old Beaver Club.
1701:
1386:
1346:
1267:
1054:
875:
205:
1205:
1040:
336:, who retired as a partner of the North West Company in 1792 with a fortune of £20,000. He purchased a
1311:
952:
728:
427:
120:
937:
1126:
1047:
44:
1506:
1354:
1159:
1145:
1141:
1118:
1103:
780:
776:
700:
213:
189:
181:
102:
87:
882:
known for his generosity and refined style of living, was admitted into the Beaver Club in 1792
827:
523:
309:
1592:
New faces of the fur trade: selected papers of the
Seventh North American Fur Trade Conference
1283:
1209:
406:
The first dinner of their season was held on the first
Wednesday in December. Following that
241:
1496:
1473:
1194:
661:
642:
410:
meetings were held until April between private houses (notably at Beaver Hall, the home of
173:
106:
1544:
Collections of the
Massachusetts Historical Society for the year 1786 - Province of Quebec
8:
1500:
1453:
1391:
1350:
1068:
890:
740:
704:
557:
plied the members in regular relays with luxuries from the east and the west, and costly
32:
35:
founded in 1785 by the predominantly
English-speaking men who had gained control of the
1599:
1381:
1376:
1331:
1263:
1180:
1179:
1815: Jasper Tough; J.M. Lamothe (1799); F.A. LaRocque; Thomas McMurray; Robert Henry;
1090:
961:
931:
879:
857:
772:
657:
454:
185:
165:
128:
110:
60:
56:
21:
1622:
1201:
915:
were ranked in seniority by the date on which they had first entered the interior of
719:
On 17 September 1808, nineteen members met at
Richard Dillon's Montreal Hotel on the
450:
1527:
16:
1327:
1036:
982:
846:
788:
724:
720:
654:
466:
431:
411:
384:
359:
333:
209:
132:
1477:
1113:; Lewis Crawford; David Mitchell, Jr., the younger; Peter Grant; Alex McDougall;
1022:
920:
861:
764:
752:
442:
400:
292:
280:
248:
1638:
Making the
Voyageur World: Travelers And Traders in the North American Fur Trade
160:
158:
for their wealth and grand style of living. The members of the Beaver Club were
1190:
973:
634:
503:
380:
116:
1680:
1457:
1130:
803:
732:
699:" from the table to the floor. At one such dinner, twenty members (including
650:
507:
492:
458:
414:, whose dining table comfortably sat forty guests) and at various hotels and
151:
143:
123:, vice-chairman of the Beaver Club, published his account of living with the
76:
71:
1319:
1299:
1110:
967:
860:, the club's most senior founding member, was perhaps the most influential
795:
760:
744:
566:
462:
176:, relates the character of these Montreal fur traders in their early days:
83:
1314:
hinted at a segregation between the young and old members in a letter to
853:
708:
608:
577:
539:
510:
were then made, and there were always five to: The Mother of all Saints;
496:
446:
407:
387:(the five most senior of the original members had been French Canadian),
217:
354:
1342:
1323:
1315:
1303:
1079:
1064:
991:
748:
619:
388:
284:
127:
and subsequent explorations (1760-76) before becoming a partner of the
911:, when only one of the original members was still alive. The nineteen
886:
506:, followed by a speech or 'harangue' made by the evening's president.
1307:
799:
677:
630:
600:
592:
535:
519:
515:
478:
337:
260:
256:
252:
36:
1231:, many of whom were the captains of the ships who transported their
502:
The start of the festivities were marked by the passing around of a
842:
646:
645:). This country food was served among the unfamiliar atmosphere of
588:
562:
558:
550:
474:
419:
392:
366:
317:
305:
264:
233:
155:
147:
136:
40:
437:
Records are scant, but the guests known to have attended included
59:". The men of the Beaver Club were the predecessors of Montreal's
1668:
Emigrant Homecomings: The Return Movement of Emigrants, 1600-2000
1236:
831:
685:
612:
585:
573:
570:
554:
543:
325:
216:. That year they exported furs to the value of £203,378: 116,623
93:
871:
1364:
916:
900:
815:
794:
The bill for this meeting was: 32 dinners (£12); 29 bottles of
696:
692:
623:
615:
531:
522:, wives and children; and absent members. Then, accompanied by
415:
296:
272:
251:, the Montreal partners boarded their immense canoes manned by
225:
124:
48:
1559:
Travels through Canada and the United States of North America
1251:
823:
807:
681:
673:
669:
626:
596:
313:
288:
229:
98:
1571:
1435:
The Honorable Company, A History of the Hudson's Bay Company
561:
from across the sea. The menu included country food such as
1589:
689:
604:
581:
527:
488:
485:
362:. Built in 1792, the dining room comfortably sat 40 guests.
321:
707:) were still singing and dancing at 4am, and close to 120
188:) in order to traffic in the forbidden land (owned by the
1302:
were built it had become less dangerous to travel in the
1232:
1172:
1814: Archibald McLellan (who won an award for bravery);
849:
was the enthusiastic founding chairman of the Beaver Club
819:
811:
279:. The partners took their seats conspicuously dressed in
276:
221:
259:
with bright silk bands around their heads and neck. The
923:
fur traders who had remained in the business after the
834:(5/); Three wine glasses broken (3/9). Total: £28.15/.
1495:
1472:
1452:
1525:
711:were either drunk, broken or spilled that night.
422:. These included the Mansion House Hotel and the
1678:
1318:: "There is only us four old friends (himself,
1151:1809: John Wills; Charles Chaboillez, younger;
903:where meetings were reminiscent of the old Club
1623:"Wintering Partners of the North West Company"
1432:
1039:(1767); Venant St. Germain; Leon St. Germain;
909:Rules and Regulations of the Beaver Club, 1819
75:A Canadian fur trader in 1777. Cartouche from
1635:
1412:
1556:
1650:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1274:(1800); Captain Alexander Patterson of the
1665:
1604:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1448:
1446:
1444:
320:of every kind, and an abundance of choice
1617:
1615:
1521:
1519:
430:; Richard Dillon's Montreal Hotel on the
184:), formed themselves into a company (the
1421:
1408:
1406:
1250:(1789); Monsieur le Compte Andriani, of
885:
870:
852:
841:
365:
353:
115:
92:
82:
70:
15:
1491:
1489:
1441:
1679:
1612:
1590:Jo-Anne Fiske; William Wicken (1995).
1516:
1462:. Montreal: S.J.Clarke Publishing Co.
1403:
1282:(1807); Lord Viscount Chabot (1808),
676:, imitating vigorous paddling (using
495:above their gold-clasped garters and
150:might only have been compared to the
1625:. McGill University of McGill. 2001.
1505:. Canada: Chapman and Hall. p.
1486:
434:; Palmer's Hummums and Tesseyman's.
1278:(1800); Major George Clerk, of the
1270:(1796); Captain Edward Boyd of the
13:
1021:1787: Jean-Baptiste Tabean (1770)
755:; John Gregory; George Gillespie;
14:
1713:
1692:Organizations established in 1785
1286:of Canada; Captain Sarmon of the
1060:1793: Myer Michaels; James Grant.
267:, giving each on their arrival a
135:to the Club and the fur trade at
1573:George Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie
1310:. By 1809, the seventy-year-old
1084:Roderick Mackenzie of Terrebonne
907:All the names below appeared in
783:; Alexander McKenzie (cousin of
757:Roderick Mackenzie of Terrebonne
1687:Organizations based in Montreal
1659:
1644:
1629:
1583:
1254:(1791); Captain Edwards of the
1109:1807: Dr. David Mitchell, Sr.;
1028:1789: Patrick Small (nephew of
878:, the undisputed leader of the
240:(in what is now Minnesota) and
1565:
1550:
1536:
1532:. University of Chicago Press.
1466:
1357:became members of the smaller
1246:(1789); Captain Gibson of the
1115:Pierre de Rastel de Rocheblave
946:Etienne-Charles Campion (1753)
925:British Conquest of New France
714:
477:, Dalhousie gave him a silver
105:in 1869, carrying the artist,
1:
1397:
1148:; Alexander Mackenzie (1783).
538:'s head was brought into the
349:
1268:Major-General Sir John Doyle
943:Hypolitte Desrivieres (1753)
580:, "Chevreuil des Guides" (a
7:
1697:Gentlemen's clubs in Canada
1387:Canadian peers and baronets
1370:
1227:Finally, there were eleven
1176:; W. McRae; Henry McKenzie.
1009:Jean-Baptiste Jobert (1775)
765:General Sir Gordon Drummond
684:, walking sticks etc., for
403:by taste and association".
192:) in spite of the charter.
121:Alexander Henry (1739–1824)
10:
1718:
1575:. Marjory Whitelaw (ed.).
1526:Charles Bert Reed (1914).
1293:
958:Joseph-Louis Ainsse (1762)
837:
383:, but they were joined by
244:(in what is now Ontario).
66:
1529:Masters of the Wilderness
1437:. Bobbs-Merrill Co., N.Y.
1099:1802: Alexander Cuthbert.
953:Alexander Henry the elder
864:fur trader following the
729:Alexander Henry the elder
358:Beaver Hall, the home of
308:. They carried with them
172:, the English geologist,
1242:Captain Featonby of the
1102:1803: Alexander Fraser;
1030:Major-General John Small
1594:. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
1433:Douglas Mackay (1936).
1146:Archibald Norman McLeod
1142:John MacDonald of Garth
1073:Sir Alexander Mackenzie
1006:Thomas Frobisher (1773)
814:(8/); 7 suppers (8/9);
785:Sir Alexander Mackenzie
781:Archibald Norman McLeod
777:John MacDonald of Garth
701:Sir Alexander Mackenzie
641:(which might have been
204:In 1786, controlled by
182:John MacDonald of Garth
88:John MacDonald of Garth
33:gentleman's dining club
1577:The Dalhousie Journals
1415:The Beaver Club Jewels
1413:Larry Gingras (1972).
1258:(1792) ; Colonel
1096:1801: Jacques Porlier.
938:Maurice-Régis Blondeau
904:
883:
868:
850:
723:. Those present were:
660:and soft candle glow.
549:Seated around a great
375:
363:
347:
330:
202:
146:, the fur 'barons' of
139:
113:
90:
80:
24:
1653:The John Askin Papers
1557:John Lambert (1808).
1482:. Toronto: W. Briggs.
1330:) alive, all the new
1284:Quartermaster General
1210:Jules-Maurice Quesnel
1195:John George MacTavish
997:Matthew Lessey (1770)
889:
874:
856:
845:
603:"du Vieux Trappeur";
518:in all its branches;
369:
357:
342:
301:
178:
119:
96:
86:
74:
19:
1651:Milo Quaife (1931).
1497:John Jeremiah Bigsby
1474:Agnes Christina Laut
1165:1813: James Hughes;
1046:1791: John Gregory;
1003:John McNamara (1772)
949:Gabriel Cotte (1760)
802:(5/); 14 bottles of
798:(6/); 19 bottles of
497:silver-buckled shoes
190:Hudson's Bay Company
107:Frances Anne Hopkins
103:Hudson's Bay Company
1636:Carolyn Podruchny.
1511:beaver club bigsby.
1454:William H. Atherton
1351:William McGillivray
1186:1816: David Stuart.
1093:; George Gillespie.
1069:William McGillivray
1000:David McCrae (1772)
979:James Finlay (1766)
891:William McGillivray
741:William McGillivray
705:William McGillivray
443:Sir Gordon Drummond
164:, renowned for the
1702:North West Company
1502:The Shoe and Canoe
1479:Lords of the North
1459:Montreal 1535-1914
1382:Golden Square Mile
1377:North West Company
1339:Sir George Simpson
1221:Sir George Simpson
1181:Peter Warren Dease
1129:; Aeneas Cameron;
1091:Duncan McGillivray
1050:; Jacques Giasson.
988:John McGill (1770)
962:Benjamin Frobisher
932:Charles Chaboillez
905:
884:
880:North West Company
869:
858:Charles Chaboillez
851:
399:, all "thoroughly
376:
364:
220:and 473,534 other
186:North West Company
170:The Shoe and Canoe
140:
129:North West Company
114:
111:North West Company
91:
81:
57:North West Company
25:
22:North West Company
1202:Simon McGillivray
773:Sir Roger Sheaffe
731:(vice-chairman);
459:Sir John Franklin
455:Sir Roger Sheaffe
451:Washington Irving
166:Scottish Highland
1709:
1672:
1671:
1666:Marjory Harper.
1663:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1392:Gentlemen's club
1328:Joseph Frobisher
1260:Daniel Robertson
1229:honorary members
1214:John McGillivray
1183:; Charles Grant.
1167:Kenneth McKenzie
1138:Sir John Johnson
1037:Nicholas Montour
983:Joseph Frobisher
913:original members
866:British Conquest
847:Joseph Frobisher
789:John Jacob Astor
769:Sir John Johnson
725:Joseph Frobisher
618:, "Sweet Peace"
467:John Jacob Astor
412:Joseph Frobisher
385:French Canadians
360:Joseph Frobisher
334:Nicholas Montour
316:, together with
271:, which meant a
142:In 18th century
133:John Jacob Astor
131:. He introduced
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1664:
1660:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1570:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1517:
1494:
1487:
1471:
1467:
1451:
1442:
1431:
1422:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1373:
1312:Alexander Henry
1296:
1153:Alexander McKay
1123:John Richardson
1023:Josiah Bleakley
921:French Canadian
919:. As such, the
893:co-founded the
862:French Canadian
840:
753:Josiah Bleakley
737:Alexander McKay
717:
709:bottles of wine
688:) and mounting
524:Highland Pipers
447:Sir Isaac Brock
352:
255:and hunters in
152:tobacco 'lords'
69:
53:esprit de corps
12:
11:
5:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1658:
1643:
1628:
1611:
1582:
1579:. Vol. 2.
1564:
1549:
1535:
1515:
1485:
1465:
1440:
1420:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1347:Robert Dickson
1332:North westards
1295:
1292:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1216:; James Leith.
1198:
1191:John Siveright
1187:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1134:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1076:
1061:
1058:
1055:Simon McTavish
1051:
1044:
1033:
1026:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
989:
986:
980:
977:
974:George McBeath
971:
965:
959:
956:
950:
947:
944:
941:
935:
876:Simon McTavish
839:
836:
735:(the 'cork');
716:
713:
695:to "shoot the
635:buffalo tongue
565:(brought from
471:Lord Dalhousie
428:Rue Saint-Paul
381:Highland Scots
372:Lord Dalhousie
351:
348:
214:native Indians
206:Simon McTavish
68:
65:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1714:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:trading posts
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:49th Regiment
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:Indian Trader
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:Angus Bethune
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:George Moffat
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:William McKay
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:Joseph Howard
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
902:
898:
897:
892:
888:
881:
877:
873:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
844:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:William McKay
730:
727:(presiding);
726:
722:
721:Place d'Armes
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
665:
663:
659:
656:
652:
651:crystal glass
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
542:, a piece of
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:knee-breeches
490:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
432:Place d'Armes
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
373:
368:
361:
356:
346:
341:
339:
335:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
238:Grand Portage
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
197:
193:
191:
187:
183:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:North America
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
112:
108:
104:
101:of the rival
100:
95:
89:
85:
78:
77:William Faden
73:
64:
62:
61:Square Milers
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
23:
18:
1667:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1510:
1501:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1434:
1414:
1358:
1355:John Forsyth
1336:
1320:James McGill
1297:
1287:
1275:
1271:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1228:
1226:
1119:John Forsyth
1111:Thomas Thain
1104:Simon Fraser
1013:
1012:
968:James McGill
912:
908:
906:
894:
793:
761:Thomas Thain
745:James McGill
718:
666:
567:Saskatchewan
548:
501:
483:
463:Thomas Moore
439:Lord Selkirk
436:
405:
401:cosmopolitan
377:
343:
331:
302:
268:
246:
242:Fort William
218:beaver skins
203:
198:
194:
179:
169:
159:
141:
52:
28:
26:
20:Arms of the
1360:Canada Club
1127:John Finlay
1048:Andrew Todd
1014:New members
896:Canada Club
715:Dinner Bill
678:fire pokers
662:John Bigsby
639:bag pudding
609:Great Lakes
578:bread sauce
540:dining room
424:City Tavern
408:fortnightly
174:John Bigsby
161:bon vivants
29:Beaver Club
1681:Categories
1398:References
1343:Angus Shaw
1324:Isaac Todd
1316:John Askin
1304:wilderness
1160:John Sayer
1080:Angus Shaw
1065:Isaac Todd
992:Peter Pond
806:(2/6); 12
749:Isaac Todd
658:silverware
643:Figgy duff
620:applesauce
559:delicacies
534:a flaming
453:, General
445:, General
441:, General
426:, both on
389:Englishmen
350:Traditions
318:delicacies
285:gold braid
210:Frobishers
1600:cite book
1308:fur trade
1248:Integrity
631:bear meat
607:from the
601:partridge
593:wild rice
520:voyageurs
516:fur trade
479:snuff box
397:Loyalists
370:In 1824,
338:seigneury
291:-handled
261:voyageurs
257:Buckskins
253:voyageurs
45:fur trade
37:fur trade
1499:(1850).
1476:(1900).
1456:(1914).
1371:See also
1290:(1808).
1276:Eweretta
1272:Montreal
1266:(1793);
1244:Eweretta
1235:back to
1193:(1799);
1117:(1793);
670:canoeing
668:various
647:mahogany
589:sausages
563:Pemmican
555:servants
551:mahogany
512:the King
475:Montreal
420:Montreal
393:Irishmen
326:banquets
324:for the
306:clansmen
265:henchmen
234:Montreal
208:and the
156:Virginia
148:Montreal
137:Montreal
41:Montreal
1546:. 1786.
1294:Decline
1237:England
838:Members
832:tobacco
822:(2/6);
796:Madeira
787:); and
693:barrels
686:paddles
655:crested
616:turnips
613:pickled
586:venison
574:venison
571:braised
553:table,
544:camphor
530:of red
526:, on a
504:calumet
416:taverns
297:daggers
293:pistols
287:, with
281:ruffles
249:Lachine
67:Origins
55:of the
1365:London
1264:Struan
1219:1820:
1200:1818:
1158:1810:
1136:1808:
1089:1799:
1078:1796:
1063:1795:
1053:1792:
1035:1790:
994:(1770)
985:(1768)
976:(1766)
970:(1766)
964:(1765)
955:(1761)
940:(1752)
934:(1751)
917:Canada
901:London
824:Cigars
816:Brandy
808:quarts
804:Porter
697:rapids
682:swords
624:Atholl
532:velvet
514:; the
508:Toasts
314:bakers
273:gallon
269:régale
226:London
125:Ojibwa
49:Canada
31:was a
1262:, of
1252:Milan
828:pipes
674:canoe
627:Brose
597:quail
491:with
310:cooks
289:brass
232:from
230:Paris
222:pelts
99:canoe
1606:link
1353:and
1326:and
1288:Mary
1233:furs
818:and
800:Port
703:and
690:wine
637:and
605:fish
599:and
582:stew
536:boar
528:dais
489:lace
486:gold
469:and
395:and
322:wine
312:and
295:and
283:and
228:and
27:The
1507:124
1363:in
1298:As
899:in
820:Gin
812:Ale
810:of
584:),
569:),
418:in
277:rum
275:of
247:At
154:of
47:of
39:of
1683::
1614:^
1602:}}
1598:{{
1518:^
1509:.
1488:^
1443:^
1423:^
1405:^
1349:,
1345:,
1322:,
1212:;
1208:;
1204:;
1144:;
1140:;
1125:;
1121:;
1082:;
1071:;
1067:;
830:,
826:,
791:.
779:;
775:;
771:;
767:;
763:;
759:;
751:;
747:;
743:;
739:;
680:,
653:,
649:,
633:,
629:,
622:,
611:,
595:,
591:,
576:,
465:,
461:,
457:,
449:,
391:,
328:.
97:A
63:.
1670:.
1655:.
1640:.
1608:)
1561:.
1417:.
1223:.
1197:.
1169:.
1162:.
1155:.
1133:.
1106:.
1086:.
1075:.
1057:.
1043:.
1032:)
1025:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)