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biography, reviewer Graham White noted that while sexism undoubtedly did hold a large influence over her frustrations, he agreed with a previous author's assertion that her not conforming to professional dress standards that would be expected of a white collar professional in
Britain at this time likely did hurt her chances of advancement as "in fact she looked pretty awful" and "she looked like a frumpy old British housewife".
259:, Hampshire. Her first position was as a technical author with the Air Ministry's technical publications department. She was allowed to transfer to doing work on aircraft engines. On 1 November 1939 she was promoted to become technical officer in charge of carburettor research and development and later promoted again to principal technical officer.
40:
347:
Shilling devised a restrictor to solve this problem, originally a brass thimble with a hole in the middle and later further simplified to a flat washer of very precise dimensions. This could be welded into the engine's fuel line without taking the aircraft out of service and limited maximum fuel flow
404:
racetrack on a motorcycle she modified herself, in a job interview she encountered the sexist comment of "I suppose the men let you win" from the interviewer. On 24 August 1934 she lapped the
Brooklands circuit at over 100 miles per hour, with an average speed of 101.85 mph (163.91 km/h)
493:
Shilling encountered various forms of discrimination throughout her career, including an RAE chief engineer who did not allow women to enter the building, a law prohibiting women from working at night, and a ban on women entering the RAE Senior Mess (club and dining hall). In a 2011 review of her
560:
In
September 2018, Shilling was included in Winchester Heritage Open Days 'Extraordinary Women of Hampshire' exhibition, which celebrated notable Hampshire women, past and present. On the 110th anniversary of Shilling's birth, 8 March 2019, the Mayor of Waterlooville unveiled a plaque at
383:
Shilling worked for the RAE until her retirement in 1969, working as an engineer in the
Mechanical Engineering Department. Despite becoming an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1949, Shilling never reached a top post in the RAE, since such promotions were only offered to men.
215:
with her fellow apprentice Mona Willis, entitled "How We Wired a House in
Paradise", describing their efforts to install 8 lights over three days in an old house. In 1929, she wrote another article for the magazine, explaining how to make a home wireless set. Both pieces were aimed at
348:
to prevent flooding. By March 1941 she had led a small team on a tour of RAF fighter stations (Shilling travelling on her former racing motorbike), to fit the device to their Merlin engines. The restrictor was immensely popular with pilots and the device was nicknamed
803:
210:
After completing secondary school she worked for an electrical engineering company for three years, installing wiring and generators. In
January 1928, she wrote an article for The Electrical Age, the magazine of the
575:
announced the unveiling of a memorial plaque by The Mayor of Havant, Councillor Diana
Patrick, at Shilling Place, Waterlooville on Monday 9 March â the day after Beatrice's birthday and International Women's Day.
420:
After the Second World War
Beatrice and husband George turned to racing cars, which were tuned and modified extensively in their home workshop - starting off their exploits with a much-lightened 1934
203:, the daughter of Henry Shilling (1852â1936), a butcher, and his wife Annie (Nancy), nÊe Dulake (1873â1954). As a child Shilling spent her pocket money on hand tools and won a prize in a national
1169:
207:
contest. At 14 she bought herself a motorcycle, following which she taught herself how to disassemble and reassemble its two-stroke engine; she was already determined to become an engineer.
393:
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361:
168:), a simple device that overcame the problem of the Rolls-Royce Merlin aeroplane engines losing power during negative-g manoeuvres. After the war, Shilling also worked on the
344:
engines which avoided this problem. So in action a German fighter could evade a pursuing RAF fighter by flying a negative g manoeuvre which the RAF plane could not follow.
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502:
Shilling married George Naylor in
September 1938. He also worked at the RAE. According to anecdote, she declined to marry him until he also had been awarded the
503:
1324:
1467:
829:
595:, a one-act play written by Rachel O'Neill, dealing with Shilling's personal and professional, was staged at The Discovery Centre (now The Arc) in
1005:
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356:, the engineer who led supercharger development at Rolls-Royce at the time. It continued in use as a stop-gap until the introduction of the
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714:
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154:
133:
120:
29:
236:, she received a bachelor's degree and then studied for a further year to get a Master of Science degree in mechanical engineering.
183:
circuit at over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) on a motorcycle. In sports car racing, she scored several podium finishes at the
172:, researched the effect of a wet runway upon braking, and helped design and build a bobsled for the Royal Air Force's Olympic team.
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under her married name of Naylor, and was elected as an
Associate Member, enabling her to use the letters CEng (for
212:
518:(DFC). He volunteered for an extra tour of bombing missions, over and above what was expected of him. He suffered
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888 HPA, most frequently at Goodwood Members' Meetings, scoring a number of third places and even one race win.
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single-seater, but there were accidents for both of them, and the Elva was converted into a Mk VI sports car.
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Even as a senior member of staff she was respected by the factory workers for her hands-on skills, such as
248:
1196:"Royal Holloway officially opens its new state of the art science building the Beatrice Shilling building"
461:
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307:
165:
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for lapping the circuit at over 100 mph. During the Second World War, he was a bomber pilot with
150:
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1240:"Shilling [married name Naylor], Beatrice (1909â1990), mechanical and aeronautical engineer"
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Beatrice's and George's driving ambitions became more serious with the 1961 acquisition of an
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opened the Beatrice Shilling Building, home to its new department of Electronic Engineering.
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352:(though Shilling had married she retained her maiden name for professional purposes) by
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and the effect of a wet runway upon braking. Shilling also helped design and build a
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1170:"Waterlooville war pioneer Beatrice Shilling celebrated with commemorative plaque"
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252:
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605:'s Beatrice Shilling building opened on the city centre campus in autumn 2020.
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and other health problems in later life as a result of his wartime activities.
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671:(Online ed.). Oxford: British Academy, Oxford University Press. 2004.
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In 1967 Shilling was brought in to help US Formula 1 driver and team owner
1300:"Coventry University building recognised with esteemed construction award"
956:
546:
In 2015, a collection of her racing badges and trophies was bought by the
475:) after her name. In her application she outlined her contribution to the
175:
As a motorcycle racer Shilling was one of only three women to receive the
615:
features Beatrice Shilling, with her RAE Restrictor central to its plot.
608:
217:
320:
in 1940, RAF pilots discovered a serious problem in fighter planes with
243:; she worked as a research assistant for Professor G. F. Mucklow at the
748:
Beatrice Shilling 1909â1990: Aeronautical engineer and motorcycle racer
596:
445:
401:
180:
372:
After the war, Shilling worked on a variety of projects including the
449:
400:
In the 1930s, Shilling raced motorbikes. After winning a race at the
200:
519:
639:
International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950
409:. She was only the second woman to achieve this, the first being
377:
333:
263:
204:
1006:"International Women's Day: The Inspirational Beatrice Shilling"
867:"INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY 2020: HIGHLIGHT ON BEATRICE SHILLING"
1221:"Mayor of Havant unveils plaque celebrating Waterlooville hero"
961:(2nd ed., rev. and expanded ed.). High Wycombe: Panther.
804:"The Electrical Age journal (later Electric Living) 1926-1935"
332:. When the plane went nose-down to begin a dive the resulting
553:
J. D. Wetherspoon named a pub in Victoria Road, Farnborough
247:. In 1936 she was recruited as a scientific officer by the
940:
Patten, Jim (October 2011). "Beatrice Shilling's E-Type".
424:
registered KG 5363. Between 1959 and 1962 they raced an
1325:"The faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing"
561:
Waterlooville Library to commemorate her achievements.
141:) (8 March 1909 â 18 November 1990) was a British
1402:
1391:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003.
942:
Guild News (Guild of Air Pilots & Navigators>
460:
Shilling was awarded an honour as an Officer of the
340:, causing the engine to stall. German fighters used
266:a copper butt-joint with the skills of a dedicated
1237:
636:
251:(RAE), the research and development agency of the
160:During the Second World War Shilling designed the
455:
1424:
542:Coventry University's Beatrice Shilling Building
1453:Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
1405:Negative Gravity, the Life of Beatrice Shilling
916:"Negative Gravity: A Life of Beatrice Shilling"
831:The Daily Telegraph Book of Airmen's Obituaries
776:
585:on 9 May 2019 as part of their support for the
273:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
920:Negative Gravity: A Life of Beatrice Shilling
864:
482:Shilling held an honorary doctorate from the
413:earlier the same year. Both were awarded the
989:
894:. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1986.
860:
858:
1468:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
821:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
693:
396:Beatrice Shilling with her Norton motorbike
298:engines stalling during negative-g flight.
1352:Flying with the Spitfires: Caleb's Journey
579:Shilling's biography was published by the
155:Officer of the Order of the British Empire
121:Officer of the Order of the British Empire
38:
1389:British Piston Engines and their Aircraft
1118:(Supplement). 17 July 1945. p. 3782.
855:
486:awarded in 1969. She was a member of the
278:Shilling worked on many projects for the
16:British aeronautical engineer (1909â1990)
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954:
669:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
582:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
448:solve an overheating problems with his
1425:
1348:
939:
834:. London: Grub Street. p. 196-8.
827:
634:
380:for the Royal Air Force Olympic team.
1252:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110226
910:
908:
625:
301:
1493:20th-century English women engineers
740:
534:A blue plaque commemorating Shilling
360:in 1943. Shilling also designed the
1130:"Beatrice's Brooklands badges sold"
719:(2021 ed.). Candlewick Press.
469:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
13:
1478:Alumni of the University of Surrey
1144:"Extraordinary Women of Hampshire"
1064:from the original on 9 August 2011
992:""ELVA Jottings #2" (August 2006)"
905:
892:The Spitfire Story: Second edition
490:, which she joined as a teenager.
364:, though this was never produced.
286:, the best-known of which was the
14:
1509:
1349:Haston, Paul (15 February 2021).
777:Jakob Whitfield (24 March 2010).
230:Victoria University of Manchester
635:Haines, Catharine M. C. (2001).
497:
213:Electrical Association for Women
153:. In 1949, Shilling was made an
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998:
990:Roger Dunbar (6 October 2011).
983:
948:
933:
924:
362:RAE Hobson pressure carburettor
1498:20th-century English engineers
1483:20th-century British inventors
884:
865:imechearchive (6 March 2020).
796:
661:
456:Recognition and discrimination
415:British Motorcycle Racing Club
239:Jobs were hard to find in the
177:British Motorcycle Racing Club
1:
1473:British women in World War II
1403:Freudenberg, Matthew (2003).
1283:"Oxford DNB: May 2019 update"
1148:Winchester Heritage Open Days
618:
467:In 1956, Shilling joined the
387:
294:) that solved the problem of
190:
290:modification (also known as
280:Royal Aircraft Establishment
274:Royal Aircraft Establishment
249:Royal Aircraft Establishment
7:
1488:Women's Engineering Society
1458:English aerospace engineers
1355:. Independently published.
1238:Horrocks, Sally M. (2019).
716:Girl Who Could Fix Anything
587:Women's Engineering Society
488:Women's Engineering Society
464:by King George VI in 1949.
462:Order of the British Empire
10:
1514:
871:IMechE Archive and Library
516:Distinguished Flying Cross
305:
224:, encouraged her to study
179:Gold Star for lapping the
1463:English motorcycle racers
1448:People from Waterlooville
1407:. Charlton Publications.
955:Wallach, Theresa (2011).
613:Flying with the Spitfires
566:Royal Holloway University
525:
336:would flood the engine's
116:
90:
80:
68:
46:
37:
23:
245:University of Birmingham
828:Bishop, Edward (2002).
746:Hampshire Biographies:
713:Rockliff, Mara (2021).
593:Tilly and The Spitfires
350:Miss Shilling's orifice
308:Miss Shilling's orifice
292:Miss Shilling's Orifice
166:Miss Shilling's orifice
164:(which became known as
1225:Havant Borough Council
573:Havant Borough Council
543:
535:
510:, reached the rank of
397:
226:electrical engineering
1058:www.enginehistory.org
914:Matthew Freudenberg,
643:. ABC-CLIO. pp.
541:
533:
395:
368:Post-Second World War
324:engines, such as the
232:; in 1932, alongside
195:Shilling was born at
143:aeronautical engineer
85:Aeronautical engineer
1174:www.portsmouth.co.uk
611:'s children's book,
514:and was awarded the
508:No. 625 Squadron RAF
504:Brooklands Gold Star
484:University of Surrey
417:'s Gold Star award.
358:pressure carburettor
63:, Hampshire, England
1200:royalholloway.ac.uk
1150:. 17 September 2018
1032:"From the Archives"
930:Lumsden 2003, p.32.
779:"Beatrice Shilling"
753:19 May 2015 at the
603:Coventry University
599:in September 2019.
374:Blue Streak missile
187:Members' Meetings.
170:Blue Streak missile
103:Blue Streak missile
1329:www.coventry.ac.uk
1304:www.coventry.ac.uk
1115:The London Gazette
1036:The Woman Engineer
1010:blogs.surrey.ac.uk
564:On 27 March 2019,
555:The Tilly Shilling
544:
536:
473:Chartered Engineer
411:Florence Blenkiron
398:
354:Sir Stanley Hooker
322:Rolls-Royce Merlin
302:The RAE Restrictor
296:Rolls-Royce Merlin
222:Margaret Partridge
98:Rolls-Royce Merlin
1362:979-8-7089-6017-7
1261:978-0-19-861412-8
1244:www.oxforddnb.com
968:978-0-9564975-1-2
841:978-1-902304-99-1
548:Brooklands Museum
512:Flight Lieutenant
477:R.A.E. restrictor
318:Battle of Britain
282:(RAE) during the
130:Beatrice Shilling
127:
126:
108:Motorcycle racing
25:Beatrice Shilling
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1132:. 6 August 2015.
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1054:"Book Reviews 6"
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334:negative g-force
314:Battle of France
284:Second World War
241:Great Depression
220:. Her employer,
185:Goodwood Circuit
151:sports car racer
147:motorcycle racer
136:
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72:18 November 1990
56:
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32:
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1443:Women inventors
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1387:Lumsden, Alec.
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1176:. 27 March 2019
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958:The rugged road
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890:Price, Alfred.
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571:In March 2020,
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253:Royal Air Force
234:Sheila McGuffie
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1012:. 8 March 2017
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808:www.theiet.org
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589:'s centenary.
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496:
457:
454:
439:Formula Junior
429:Sebring Sprite
422:Lagonda Rapier
389:
386:
369:
366:
342:fuel injection
338:SU carburettor
306:Main article:
303:
300:
288:RAE Restrictor
275:
272:
192:
189:
162:RAE Restrictor
125:
124:
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91:Known for
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76:(aged 81)
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1397:1-85310-294-6
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1089:
1085:
1084:"Index entry"
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900:0-85368-861-3
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783:Thrust Vector
780:
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769:
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763:
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752:
749:
743:
728:
726:9781536212525
722:
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678:9780198614128
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498:Personal life
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