1733:, the naval engagement off Málaga "established in both British and French tactical thinking the absolute importance of maintaining the defensive strength of a well-ordered line of battle." Naval officers in both navies proceeded to place a greater emphasis on training their crews in gunnery skills after the engagement, while the French Navy's belief in the "defensive power of a well-ordered line" was reinforced as a result of the battle. Though both sides had fire ships at their disposal, none were expended during the battle, a fact which Tracy claims was a consequence of 18th-century naval battles increasingly taking place in the open sea (as opposed to their 17th-century counterparts, many of which prominently featured the use of fire ships). By the late 18th century, fire ships had largely fallen out of use among the naval powers of Europe.
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their ships to battle, with the French in particular being concerned about a shortage of ammunition. The French fleet eventually returned to Toulon, claiming a victory in the engagement based on their enemies unwillingness to engage on the 26th. However, the French decision to return to Toulon turned what up until that point had been a tactical draw into a strategic defeat, as France never put a fleet to sea again for the duration of the conflict, allowing the Grand
Alliance to gain
52:
1677:, Rooke and Callenburgh decided to withdraw, deciding that the shortage of ammunition onboard their ships meant that they could no longer continue the engagement. As noted by historian Cathal J. Nolan, the French captains present proved reluctant to pursue, being unaware of the superior gunnery skills of their crews, which had killed 3,000 sailors, marines and officers from the Anglo-Dutch fleet (in comparison, the French lost 1,500 men killed and wounded).
117:
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204:
132:
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During the battle, neither side lost a single ship, though both fleets had suffered extensive damage; many ships in the Anglo-Dutch fleet had lost some or all of their masts. On 26 August, the two fleets sighted each other again, though no engagement occurred as both sides were reluctant to commit
1446:
After the battle, both fleets returned home; strategically, the battle proved to be a success for the Grand
Alliance, which saw their occupation of Gibraltar continue for the remainder of the conflict. Rooke unloaded as many men and material as he could before returning to England on 24 September.
1672:
As the night set in, senior officers in the Anglo-Dutch fleet ordered a redistribution of ammunition among their ships to sustain the engagement, though by the next morning each ship only had approximately ten cannonballs left per gun. When a change in the wind direction gave the French fleet a
1725:
on 4 October. Over the next month, he launched several assaults on the settlement, inflicting numerous casualties on the defenders. After receiving supplies from Leake on 21 October, the garrison repulsed a major Franco-Spanish assault on 11 November. The siege soon settled into a stalemate,
1442:
that the French had put to sea, and mobilised his ships to intercept them. The Anglo-Dutch fleet spotted the French on 22 August, engaging them two days later. Both sides exchanged broadsides for several hours before the Anglo-Dutch fleet ran low of ammunition and withdrew the next day.
1704:
Having managed to successfully counter the French naval threat, Rooke left as much men, weaponry and supplies as he could at
Gibraltar before sailing for home on 24 September. Before leaving, he split off a portion of his fleet (consisting of 18 warships), ordering his subordinate
1713:
led 4,000 Bourbon troops to the vicinity of the region, who were supplemented by civilian refugees which had fled the settlement. The
Marquis of Villadarias also made plans to reinforce his army with 8,000 more men in anticipation of an upcoming Bourbon siege of Gibraltar.
1451:
in late
September. However, several attempts to storm the settlement were repulsed by its garrison, and the siege was eventually lifted in May 1705. The battle of Málaga went on to play a role in solidifying the importance of a defensive
1660:
which inflicted numerous casualties. French galleys would occasionally sail into the battle line to tow damaged ships of the line out of the battlefield to safety. Meanwhile, the Anglo-Dutch fleet suffered from a shortage of
1209:
1726:
punctuated by naval engagements and another failed
Bourbon assault on 7 February 1705. It was eventually abandoned on May 1705, and Gibraltar would remain under Grand Alliance control for the rest of the war.
1104:
2423:
2428:
1717:
Aware that the
Spanish would soon lay siege to Gibraltar, Prince George set about reinforcing the settlement's fortifications and garrison. In late September, the Marquis of Villadarias began
1411:, transforming the battle from a tactical stalemate into a strategic defeat, as they would not put out to sea again for the duration of the conflict. Occurring soon after the Anglo-Dutch
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323:
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was sent into the
Mediterranean in 1704, capturing Gibraltar on 4 August. Upon receiving news of the capture, the French dispatched a fleet to recapture the settlement; Rooke received
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1249:
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to lead it in undergoing naval patrols off the
Portuguese and Spanish coastlines. Spanish Bourbons had already received news of the loss of Gibraltar, and in early September the
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under his command there, he immediately set off with the Anglo-Dutch fleet (which comprised 53 ships of the line, six frigates and seven fire ships) to engage the French.
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in the
Mediterranean. Once he had ensured that the French Navy was no longer pursuing him, Rooke ordered his fleet to sail for Gibraltar for repairs on 19 August.
1570:, which was under Bourbon control. On 28 July, they presented their plan to Prince George, who gave it his approval. Beginning on 1 August, a Grand Alliance force
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naval force on 24 August 1704. Both sides fought an intense engagement before the Anglo-Dutch fleet withdrew the next day. The French subsequently returned to
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Lothar Franz von Schönborn and the Diplomacy of the Electorate of Mainz: From the Treaty of Ryswick to the Outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession
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1551:(then under Bourbon control) on 30 May was frustrated by a lack of support from local residents, the expedition sailed for the Portuguese port of
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a few weeks prior, the battle served as one of the numerous engagements which took place for control over the settlement during the war.
17:
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during the battle, having expended large quantities of ammunition bombarding Gibraltar during their capture of the settlement.
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1656:. A general engagement subsequently ensued over the course of the day, with the two fleets exchanging damaging
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after the French fleet was spotted on 22 August. Rooke and Callenburgh ordered their combined fleet to form a
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Upon receiving news of the loss of Gibraltar, Spanish Bourbons quickly moved to recapture it, beginning
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led a combined Anglo-Dutch fleet into the Mediterranean, accompanied by Austrian army officer
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Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization
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in March 1704 at the head of a large military expedition to conduct a campaign in the
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While at anchor, senior officers in the Anglo-Dutch fleet drafted a plan to attack
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1574:, capturing it three days later. News of the capture soon reached France, and the
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57:
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that a French fleet had been spotted approaching Gibraltar; leaving half of the
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1509:
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which set sail for Gibraltar roughly a week after its capture. Rooke received
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156:
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on the other. The conflict erupted over a dispute on whether Bourbon prince
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2424:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving England
1645:
81:
2429:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving France
2271:
1434:, which included the English and Dutch. An Anglo-Dutch fleet under
2323:
2248:
1595:
1464:
1729:
According to Canadian historian Nicholas Tracy in his 2007 work
1644:
On 24 August, the two fleets engaged each other off the city of
1591:
1579:
1520:
1408:
1555:. There, they linked up with an English squadron commanded by
1652:, while the French commanders directed their ships to form a
2002:
1913:
1820:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1810:
1808:
1480:
broke out, pitting an anti-French coalition known as the
1903:
1901:
1899:
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1895:
1844:
2062:
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2014:
1990:
1978:
1961:
1925:
1805:
331:
2219:
The Rock of the Gibraltarians: A History of Gibraltar
1880:
1868:
1856:
1504:, backed by the Grand Alliance, would succeed to the
2038:
1937:
1892:
1949:
1793:
2156:
1832:
2356:Nelson's Battles: The Triumph of British Seapower
1731:Nelson's Battles: The Triumph of British Seapower
27:Naval battle of the War of the Spanish Succession
2400:
128:
317:
2167:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1559:on 27 June and proceeded to lay anchor near
1422:broke out, pitting the Bourbon kingdoms of
2434:Naval battles involving the Dutch Republic
2193:Rock of Contention: A History of Gibraltar
2154:
1996:
1456:in British and French tactical thinking.
324:
310:
2314:
1850:
1578:responded by combined their squadrons at
113:
2330:
2288:
1826:
1814:
1692:
1625:
1484:on one side and the Bourbon kingdoms of
1463:
161:
2213:
2164:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2131:
2110:
2068:
2056:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1984:
1931:
1919:
1886:
1874:
1862:
14:
2401:
2380:The Beginning of American Independence
2376:
1799:
2353:
2265:
2187:
2134:Seapower and Naval Warfare, 1650-1830
2084:
2044:
1972:
1955:
1943:
1907:
305:
2239:
1838:
2294:Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion
2113:The First Peninsular War, 1702-1713
24:
2320:England Under Queen Anne: Blenheim
2158:"Rooke, Sir George (c. 1650–1709)"
25:
2445:
2419:History of the province of Málaga
1586:into one fleet (consisting of 50
2245:The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714
1753:The Grand Alliance consisted of
1537:Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt
232:
220:
202:
190:
163:
150:
130:
115:
50:
2077:
1747:
1547:. After an attempt to capture
351:Low Countries and Upper France
13:
1:
2223:Associated University Presses
1736:
1478:War of the Spanish Succession
1459:
1420:War of the Spanish Succession
1393:War of the Spanish Succession
44:War of the Spanish Succession
2181:UK public library membership
2155:Hattendorf, John B. (2008).
2111:Francis, Alan David (1975).
1787:
1721:, being reinforced by 3,000
1688:
1468:A sketch of the Anglo-Dutch
1391:which took place during the
56:A painting of the battle by
7:
2090:European Warfare, 1660-1815
1697:A 1704 map of Gibraltar by
1602:) under the command of the
1519:Archduke Charles landed at
10:
2450:
1719:an investment of Gibraltar
2377:Maddox, Jerry A. (2009).
2266:Nolan, Cathal J. (2008).
2197:Robert Hale & Company
2132:Harding, Richard (1999).
1621:
1516:died on 1 November 1700.
837:Italy and Southern France
347:
287:
247:
180:
104:
63:
49:
41:
36:
2354:Tracy, Nicholas (2008).
2331:Thompson, R. T. (1973).
1741:
1508:and assume control over
1498:King Louis XIV of France
597:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
296:1,500 killed and wounded
1572:laid siege to Gibraltar
1527:. In May of that year,
1510:Spain's colonial empire
633:Germany and Upper Rhine
2215:Jackson, William G. F.
2173:10.1093/ref:odnb/24059
1711:Marquis of Villadarias
1701:
1641:
1608:Victor-Marie d'Estrées
1557:Sir Cloudesley Shovell
1473:
1385:battle of Vélez-Málaga
1135:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
181:Commanders and leaders
18:Battle of Vélez Málaga
1696:
1629:
1472:made on 1 August 1704
1467:
1060:Valencia de Alcántara
288:Casualties and losses
2138:Taylor & Francis
1500:, or Habsburg royal
1470:capture of Gibraltar
1413:capture of Gibraltar
1383:, also known as the
271:50 ships of the line
256:53 ships of the line
2360:Pen and Sword Books
2337:Springer Publishing
2117:Ernest Benn Limited
2011:, pp. 102–103.
1922:, pp. 101–102.
1829:, pp. 158–160.
1630:An illustration of
1514:Charles II of Spain
898:Castelnuovo Bormida
1702:
1642:
1545:Gerard Callenburgh
1474:
1160:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1100:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
336:Spanish Succession
209:Gerard Callenburgh
2414:Conflicts in 1704
2369:978-1-7838-3009-1
2346:978-9-0247-1346-2
2307:978-0-0072-0376-5
2281:978-0-3133-5920-0
2258:978-0-5820-5629-9
2232:978-0-9484-6614-4
2206:978-0-7091-4352-9
2179:(Subscription or
2147:978-1-8572-8478-2
2103:978-1-8572-8173-6
1975:, pp. 20–40.
1654:parallel crescent
1637:at the battle by
1604:Count of Toulouse
1588:ships of the line
1541:Dutch States Navy
1525:Iberian Peninsula
1374:
1373:
1019:Iberian Peninsula
432:2nd Fort Isabella
357:1st Fort Isabella
300:
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227:Count of Toulouse
100:
99:
86:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
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2383:. Author House.
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2316:Trevelyan, G. M.
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1533:Sir George Rooke
1502:Archduke Charles
1436:Sir George Rooke
1381:battle of Málaga
1030:Castello de Vide
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239:Count of Estrées
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37:Battle of Málaga
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2322:. Vol. 1.
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2015:
2007:
2003:
1997:Hattendorf 2008
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1991:
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1798:
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1790:
1785:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1723:French soldiers
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1683:naval supremacy
1624:
1496:, supported by
1494:Philip of Anjou
1462:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1341:Cap de la Roque
953:2nd Castiglione
858:1st Castiglione
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58:Isaac Sailmaker
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11:
5:
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2409:1704 in Europe
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2071:, p. 113.
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2059:, p. 107.
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2047:, p. 186.
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2035:, p. 106.
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2023:, p. 103.
2013:
2001:
1989:
1987:, p. 119.
1977:
1960:
1948:
1946:, p. 180.
1936:
1934:, p. 102.
1924:
1912:
1910:, p. 493.
1891:
1889:, p. 111.
1879:
1877:, p. 109.
1867:
1865:, p. 107.
1855:
1853:, p. 405.
1851:Trevelyan 1930
1843:
1841:, p. 296.
1831:
1819:
1817:, p. 168.
1804:
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1767:Dutch Republic
1745:
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1707:Sir John Leake
1690:
1687:
1650:line of battle
1623:
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1506:Spanish throne
1482:Grand Alliance
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1454:line of battle
1432:Grand Alliance
1387:, was a major
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1827:Thompson 1973
1823:
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1815:Somerset 2012
1811:
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1802:, p. 47.
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1639:Charles Dixon
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1634:Prince George
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1476:In 1701, the
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1449:an investment
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1418:In 1701, the
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1356:Cabrita Point
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1090:3rd Barcelona
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1075:2nd Barcelona
1073:
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1055:2nd Gibraltar
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1045:1st Gibraltar
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1035:1st Barcelona
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2112:
2089:
2078:Bibliography
2069:Jackson 1986
2064:
2057:Jackson 1986
2052:
2040:
2033:Jackson 1986
2028:
2021:Jackson 1986
2016:
2009:Jackson 1986
2004:
1992:
1985:Harding 1999
1980:
1951:
1939:
1932:Jackson 1986
1927:
1920:Jackson 1986
1915:
1887:Francis 1975
1882:
1875:Francis 1975
1870:
1863:Francis 1975
1858:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1795:
1749:
1730:
1728:
1716:
1703:
1699:Louis Boudan
1679:
1675:weather gage
1671:
1643:
1633:
1612:intelligence
1565:
1518:
1475:
1445:
1440:intelligence
1417:
1403:fleet and a
1389:fleet action
1384:
1380:
1378:
1366:Lizard Point
1350:
1346:Cape Spartel
1220:Villaviciosa
1003:Fenestrelles
789:2nd Haguenau
779:1st Haguenau
759:2nd Trarbach
724:Schellenberg
694:Munderkingen
659:1st Trarbach
639:Kaiserswerth
622:2nd Bouchain
577:1st Bouchain
567:Saint-Venant
382:Stevensweert
293:3,000 killed
277:9 fire ships
262:7 fire ships
105:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
1800:Maddox 2009
1673:favourable
1576:French Navy
1395:between an
1361:Beachy Head
1324:Nagymajtény
1294:Nagyszombat
1279:Schmöllnitz
1260:2nd Majorca
1120:1st Majorca
1065:Albuquerque
968:Pizzigetone
963:Alessandria
811:3rd Hagenau
769:Lauterbourg
764:Wissembourg
649:Friedlingen
607:Marchiennes
522:Hondschoote
492:Dendermonde
367:Saint Donas
2403:Categories
2183:required.)
2125:B005MGL1FK
2045:Hills 1974
1973:Tracy 2008
1956:Black 1994
1944:Hills 1974
1908:Nolan 2008
1737:References
1663:round shot
1658:broadsides
1600:fire ships
1529:Royal Navy
1460:Background
1274:Eisenstadt
1250:2nd Girona
1225:1st Girona
1210:2nd Madrid
1115:El Albujón
1105:1st Madrid
1040:Portalegre
873:Borgoforte
826:4th Landau
821:Rumersheim
816:Stollhofen
784:Drusenheim
754:3rd Landau
739:Ingolstadt
714:2nd Landau
709:Speyerbach
684:Sigharting
644:1st Landau
592:Landrécies
547:Malplaquet
512:Wijnendale
362:Middelburg
334:War of the
280:24 galleys
274:9 frigates
259:6 frigates
96:Indecisive
2094:Routledge
1839:Lynn 1999
1788:Footnotes
1689:Aftermath
1667:gunpowder
1598:and nine
1568:Gibraltar
1549:Barcelona
1230:Aren Fort
1195:La Gudiña
1140:Castellón
1095:Alcántara
1085:San Mateo
943:Calcinato
928:Mirandola
883:Governolo
878:Guastalla
806:Aidenbach
734:Villingen
704:Höchstädt
664:Andernach
654:Rheinberg
612:2nd Douai
557:1st Douai
517:Leffinghe
502:Oudenarde
472:Ramillies
462:Zandvliet
457:Zoutleeuw
442:2nd Liége
402:Groesbeek
392:1st Liége
2318:(1930).
2292:(2012).
2272:ABC-Clio
2243:(1999).
2217:(1986).
2191:(1974).
2088:(1994).
1779:Portugal
1763:Scotland
1596:frigates
1543:admiral
1531:officer
1430:against
1336:Vigo Bay
1235:Venasque
1215:Brihuega
1205:Zaragoza
1190:Alicante
1070:Montjuïc
1013:Syracuse
988:2nd Susa
923:Chivasso
908:Vercelli
903:1st Susa
831:Freiburg
799:Sendling
744:Blenheim
719:Augsburg
699:Breisach
669:Neubourg
527:Brussels
452:Elixheim
407:Tongeren
387:Roermond
372:Nijmegen
248:Strength
76:Location
2324:Longman
2249:Longman
1775:Prussia
1759:England
1755:Austria
1616:marines
1594:, nine
1592:galleys
1561:Tétouan
1309:Trenčín
1267:Hungary
1245:Cardona
1240:Tortosa
1200:Almenar
1180:Minorca
1175:Tortosa
1170:Morella
1150:Almansa
1145:Villena
1080:Badajoz
998:Exilles
933:Cassano
868:Luzzara
853:Cremona
794:Bavaria
774:Homburg
674:Geldern
562:Béthune
542:Tournai
477:Antwerp
447:3rd Huy
437:2nd Huy
427:Limburg
422:1st Huy
412:Stekene
123:England
2387:
2366:
2343:
2304:
2278:
2255:
2229:
2203:
2177:
2144:
2123:
2100:
1765:, the
1646:Málaga
1622:Battle
1580:Toulon
1521:Lisbon
1512:after
1486:France
1424:France
1409:Toulon
1405:French
1351:Málaga
1314:Kölesd
1165:Lleida
1155:Xàtiva
1125:Cuenca
1110:Murcia
1008:Cesana
983:Toulon
973:Casale
918:Verrua
848:Chiari
627:Knocke
602:Denain
482:Ostend
417:Ekeren
340:Europe
171:France
168:
135:
120:
93:Result
82:Málaga
1771:Savoy
1742:Notes
1590:, 24
1584:Brest
1553:Lagos
1490:Spain
1428:Spain
1401:Dutch
1397:Anglo
1319:Kassa
1299:Zsibó
1185:Denia
1130:Elche
1050:Ceuta
1025:Cádiz
993:Gaeta
978:Milan
958:Pavia
948:Turin
913:Ivrea
843:Carpi
582:Arras
537:Ghent
507:Lille
487:Menin
467:Diest
397:Hulst
377:Venlo
2385:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2121:ASIN
2098:ISBN
1777:and
1665:and
1632:HMS
1606:and
1582:and
1539:and
1488:and
1426:and
1379:The
1289:Páta
1284:Raab
938:Nice
893:Arco
888:Nago
729:Rain
689:Bonn
679:Kehl
572:Aire
552:Mons
80:Off
68:Date
2169:doi
749:Ulm
497:Ath
2405::
2362:.
2358:.
2339:.
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2300:.
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2274:.
2270:.
2251:.
2247:.
2225:.
2221:.
2199:.
2195:.
2161:.
2140:.
2136:.
2119:.
2115:.
2096:.
2092:.
1963:^
1894:^
1807:^
1773:,
1769:,
1761:,
1757:,
1563:.
84:,
2393:.
2372:.
2349:.
2326:.
2310:.
2284:.
2261:.
2235:.
2209:.
2175:.
2171::
2150:.
2127:.
2106:.
1999:.
1781:.
1399:-
325:e
318:t
311:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
