1554:
1578:
the citizens had taken from the storehouse, brought to the ramparts and operated themselves. The city was so poorly prepared for an attack that initially there were no artillery pieces in position on the ramparts, nor artillerymen, to operate them. It had also taken a long time before the artillery could be moved into position, as the keys to the storehouse could not be found. Yet the brave behaviour of the citizens later earned them much praise. The 'Kijk in de Pot' fortification to the south east of the city was taken twice by French cavalry but recaptured both times. But these fights too were nothing more than skirmishes. Boufflers and the Duke of
Burgundy, now exposed to artillery fire from Nijmegen and incapable of forcing Athlone from his position decided to order a retreat around 5 o'clock in the afternoon.
1336:
163:
152:
1587:
104:
1517:, was garrisoned by only two infantry battalions and was ill-prepared for a French attack. If Athlone stayed behind in his strong position and left Nijmegen to fend for itself the city would have fallen in to French hands without much difficulty. Its fall would have opened up the Republic from the east to a French assault, while a destruction of Athlone's army would have been just as disastrous. According to the historian James Falkner a French success at Nijmegen could have decisively ended the war in favour of
131:
175:
118:
1413:
1357:
1371:
1427:
1385:
1343:
1441:
1399:
1510:. In the beginning of June the situation in Kaiserswerth began to get desperate for the defenders. Boufflers, with the intention to do a last attempt to save Kaiserwerth planned to force the numerically outnumbered army under Athlone into a battle by luring him away from his strong position. For this purpose he ordered a surprise attack on Nijmegen on 10 June.
1595:
success for the French arms. The Duke of
Burgundy's behaviour at his first feat was also praised. In reality, however, the operation was a failure. The French were unable to take Nijmegen, to force Athone's corps into a serious battle or to break open the siege of Kaiserswerth. A few days after repelling the assault, Kaiserswerth surrendered to the Allies.
1565:
was ordered to harry the Allied cavalry and to slow the retreat in anticipation of the French main force. Not long after, however, the French discovered that the entire Anglo-Dutch army was marching in battle order towards
Nijmegen. The French cavalry followed at a short distance but did not dare to
1594:
Allied losses were greater than those of the French. They lost about 700 men while the French lost around 200. The French also captured 300 baggage wagons that the Allies had been unable to protect during the retreat. The French therefore presented the action at
Nijmegen as a significant feat and a
1577:
For some hours, the armies remained in battle order facing each other without a major battle occurring. Some cavalry skirmishes took place, and gun and artillery fire was exchanged. The latter on the French side by the field artillery that had by now arrived and on the Dutch side by cannons, which
1610:
According to the historian Jan Willem Wijn, the retreat to
Nijmegen counted as a striking testament to the excellent military qualities of the Dutch-English army. There are many examples in military history where such a retreat, under pressure from the enemy, degenerated into a flight. Boufflers
1323:
from capture by the Allies, Boufflers, through attacking
Nijmegen, hoped to force the numerically outnumbered army of Athlone into a battle by luring him away from his strong position. The operation was a failure as the French were unable to take Nijmegen or to force Athone's army into a serious
1622:
was appointed commander of the combined Anglo-Dutch army in the Low
Countries. The armies that had been commanded by Athlone and Nassau-Usingen were combined and reinforced with troops that had just arrived from England and Germany. Marlborough, seeing himself at the head of 60,000 men, took
1538:, were on the march. Still, Athlone's army remained in camp at Klarenburg until 8 o'clock in the evening, after which the necessity for a retreat was finally accepted. The artillery and baggage train were sent forward towards Nijmegen after which the infantry followed via Kranenburg en
1635:. The river was very important as a line of operation, because, due to the inadequacy of the land roads at that time, the possession of a river or a canal to transport an army's military necessities was not only advantageous, but almost necessary. The fortresses along the Meuse of
1529:
Although the French offensive was surprising, it was not entirely unexpected for the Allies. Several rumours had already warned of such an undertaking and in the early morning of 10 June news arrived in the Anglo-Dutch camp that the French army under
Boufflers and the
1651:
succumbed to the Allies during this offensive. The year had thus gone well for the Allies. But painful as the loss of these fortresses was for the French, the primary fortification lines of the
Spanish Netherlands had not yet been broken.
1126:
1021:
1566:
attack without infantry support. The latter joined the cavalry around 1 o'clock, but by then the army under
Athlone had already reached the outworks of Nijmegen. The Anglo-Dutch infantry took up post in the
1615:, talking and deliberating had robbed the French of the opportunity to take Nijmegen. It is possible, however, that the presence of France's heir apparent may have contributed to this caution.
1463:
In May 1702, the Dutch Republic, England and the Holy Roman Emperor had declared war on France and the War of the Spanish Succession had begun. French troops had taken up positions in the
533:
240:
39:
976:
1166:
1141:
1016:
1240:
1262:
1036:
814:
1210:
438:
273:
1056:
1553:
884:
879:
834:
1176:
503:
363:
1605:
946:
844:
570:
675:
615:
575:
303:
1195:
358:
308:
727:
448:
393:
1081:
889:
630:
610:
348:
508:
1235:
1200:
919:
894:
874:
685:
528:
483:
313:
298:
233:
1190:
981:
904:
819:
774:
737:
680:
600:
523:
408:
283:
278:
1561:
In the early morning of 11 June, cavalry vanguards caught sight of each other on the heath north of Mook. The French cavalry, reinforced with regiments under
2136:
956:
789:
722:
700:
665:
655:
590:
353:
338:
1230:
478:
1146:
1001:
799:
794:
650:
580:
433:
378:
1983:
Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII The era of the War of the Spanish Succession)
1156:
1151:
839:
824:
635:
585:
323:
318:
1205:
1161:
1086:
1061:
914:
690:
343:
226:
1041:
1101:
829:
383:
809:
804:
645:
488:
1335:
413:
2121:
1557:
View of Nijmegen in 1702 during the stand-off between the two armies. The 'Kijk in de Pot' fortification is marked by the number 18.
1454:
1619:
1562:
1051:
1494:
behind a strong entrenched position. The main French force under Boufflers, with 37 battalions and 59 squadrons was camped near
1676:
under Boufflers, roughly 25,000 men. 10 battalions and 30 squadrons under Tallard. 9 Battalions and 11 squadrons under Caraman.
2083:
1487:
1313:
1183:
179:
1612:
1598:
That Boufflers had not proceeded to an all-out assault had been partly due to the determined behaviour of the Allies. The
1499:
1305:
156:
2116:
1491:
1171:
710:
2111:
2064:
1628:
1513:
Nijmegen, an important and strategically located Dutch city, with its recently modernised fortifications designed by
1468:
2037:
1220:
966:
1076:
620:
1301:
715:
250:
30:
869:
1011:
986:
951:
513:
2006:
1991:
2131:
2053:
1467:
and in Germany before the war and were directly threatening the Dutch border. An Allied army under the
971:
443:
1267:
1257:
1096:
1006:
991:
929:
2019:
1071:
941:
849:
779:
705:
695:
538:
493:
2126:
1599:
1531:
1272:
1091:
996:
458:
167:
1031:
1225:
1136:
899:
747:
742:
670:
640:
560:
398:
1111:
1472:
909:
565:
555:
473:
453:
423:
403:
293:
1282:
1277:
961:
854:
625:
605:
595:
498:
468:
463:
428:
1586:
1324:
battle, despite inflicting more damage than received on the Allies during the skirmishes.
8:
1624:
1464:
1121:
924:
859:
732:
543:
418:
388:
1611:
himself did not escape criticism. He was accused of excessive caution: according to the
1547:
1514:
1252:
1131:
660:
373:
368:
1215:
2079:
2060:
1543:
1535:
1116:
1106:
1066:
784:
769:
328:
218:
162:
151:
109:
1026:
764:
518:
333:
1673:
1623:
advantage of his strong force by going on the offensive and penetrating into the
1483:
759:
1046:
864:
174:
123:
72:
2105:
1475:, in Germany, on 18 April to secure the eastern flank of the Dutch Republic.
1640:
1320:
1590:
Campaign map of the Low Countries during the War of the Spanish Succession
1631:
had done in 1632, the British commander followed the course of the river
38:
1669:
1567:
1539:
1518:
1479:
1608:
cavalry regiment that withstood the artillery fire without wavering.
1644:
1550:
also had to be anticipated, Athlone sent four battalions to Grave.
1495:
1309:
68:
44:
1648:
1993:
De geschiedenis van Nederland, aan het Nederlandsche Volk verteld
136:
1571:
1503:
1898:
1838:
1636:
1632:
1604:
One cannot praise enough the firmness of one English and one
1507:
1802:
1308:
against the small garrison and some citizens of the city of
1814:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1304:, on 10 and 11 June 1702 involving French troops under the
1998:
The history of the Netherlands, told to the Dutch nation
1792:
1790:
1788:
1699:
1458:
Key locations of the 1702 campaign, using modern borders
1934:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1910:
1775:
1773:
248:
1874:
1850:
1826:
1785:
1946:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1716:
1958:
1770:
2052:
2011:Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 3
1922:
1886:
1862:
1758:
1741:
2103:
16:1702 battle of the War of the Spanish Succession
2021:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
2039:Krijgs- en geschiedkundige geschriften. Deel 1
1570:, while the cavalry took up a position on the
2004:
1904:
234:
2137:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
1989:
1844:
1808:
1710:
241:
227:
47:operating the artillery to defend the city
2044:Martial and historical writings. Volume 1
127:
1585:
1552:
100:
2092:
1856:
2104:
2073:
2017:
1779:
1735:
2035:
1952:
1524:
222:
213:700-1,000 killed, wounded or captured
2122:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
2078:(in French). E. Flammarion (Paris).
2050:
2046:] (in Dutch). H. A. M. Roelants.
2005:Blok, P.J.; Molhuysen, P.C. (1914).
1980:
1964:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1832:
1820:
1796:
1764:
1752:
1412:
1356:
13:
2007:"Reede-ginckel, Godard, baron van"
1370:
1312:and an Anglo-Dutch army under the
14:
2148:
2074:Périni, Édouard Hardÿ de (1906).
2055:The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667–1714
1506:and Caraman and his troops near
1439:
1426:
1425:
1411:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1369:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1334:
173:
161:
150:
129:
116:
102:
37:
1685:27 battalions and 62 squadrons.
2000:] (in Dutch). Leiden; z.j.
1679:
1662:
268:Low Countries and Upper France
84:
1:
1985:(in Dutch). Martinus Nijhoff.
1692:
1440:
1398:
1302:War of the Spanish Succession
31:War of the Spanish Succession
1581:
1502:camped in the vicinity near
1498:, while another corps under
7:
1478:An Anglo-Dutch corps of 27
10:
2153:
2036:Knoop, Willem Jan (1861).
1990:Van Lennep, Jacob (1880).
1974:
1327:
2117:Battles involving England
1905:Blok & Molhuysen 1914
754:Italy and Southern France
264:
210:200-300 killed or wounded
204:
185:
143:
94:
51:
36:
28:
23:
2112:Battles involving France
1655:
1546:. As a French attack on
1469:Prince of Nassau-Usingen
514:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
2093:Falkner, James (2007).
2018:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
550:Germany and Upper Rhine
2076:Batailles françaises.
2051:Lynn, John A. (1999).
1823:, p. 43 & 49.
1591:
1558:
1319:In an attempt to save
1052:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
144:Commanders and leaders
1589:
1556:
1473:siege of Kaiserswerth
977:Valencia de Alcántara
205:Casualties and losses
2095:Marlborough's sieges
1542:and the cavalry via
1455:class=notpageimage|
1300:occurred during the
1981:Wijn, J.W. (1956).
1625:Spanish Netherlands
1465:Spanish Netherlands
1298:assault on Nijmegen
815:Castelnuovo Bormida
59:10 and 11 June 1702
24:Assault on Nijmegen
1943:, p. 109-110.
1847:, p. 238-239.
1811:, p. 409-410.
1602:later wrote that:
1592:
1559:
1525:The French assault
1515:Menno van Coehoorn
1490:, was camped near
1077:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1017:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
253:Spanish Succession
197:Nijmegen garrison:
2132:Conflicts in 1702
2085:978-2-01-613737-6
1919:, p. 98-100.
1799:, p. 99-100.
1600:Marquis de Quincy
1536:Dauphin of France
1291:
1290:
936:Iberian Peninsula
349:2nd Fort Isabella
274:1st Fort Isabella
217:
216:
194:21,000-23,000 men
90:
89:
2144:
2098:
2089:
2070:
2058:
2047:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2014:
2001:
1986:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1883:, p. 97-98.
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1835:, p. 94-95.
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1666:
1532:Duke of Burgundy
1443:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1415:
1414:
1401:
1400:
1387:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1306:Duc de Boufflers
947:Castello de Vide
259:
258:
243:
236:
229:
220:
219:
178:
177:
168:Duke of Burgundy
166:
165:
157:Duc de Boufflers
155:
154:
139:
135:
133:
132:
122:
120:
119:
112:
108:
106:
105:
53:
52:
41:
21:
20:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2102:
2101:
2086:
2067:
2026:
2024:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1907:, p. 1019.
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1845:Van Lennep 1880
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1809:Van Lennep 1880
1807:
1803:
1795:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1742:
1734:
1717:
1711:Van Lennep 1880
1709:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1629:Frederick Henry
1613:Duke of Berwick
1584:
1527:
1488:Earl of Athlone
1461:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1330:
1314:Earl of Athlone
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1258:Cap de la Roque
870:2nd Castiglione
775:1st Castiglione
260:
256:
255:
252:
249:
247:
199:
195:
180:Earl of Athlone
172:
160:
159:
149:
130:
128:
126:
117:
115:
103:
101:
75:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2127:1702 in Europe
2124:
2119:
2114:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2071:
2065:
2048:
2033:
2015:
2002:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:, p. 275.
1957:
1955:, p. 347.
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1784:
1769:
1757:
1740:
1738:, p. 126.
1715:
1713:, p. 239.
1697:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1583:
1580:
1526:
1523:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Saint Gotthard
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
938:
937:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
780:Santa Vittoria
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
755:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
719:
718:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
551:
547:
546:
541:
536:
534:2nd Le Quesnoy
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
504:1st Le Quesnoy
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
449:Saint Ghislain
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
270:
269:
265:
262:
261:
246:
245:
238:
231:
223:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
170:
146:
145:
141:
140:
124:Dutch Republic
113:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
73:Dutch Republic
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2149:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2097:. Spellmount.
2096:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2066:0-582-05629-2
2062:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1931:, p. 99.
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1895:, p. 98.
1894:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1871:, p. 97.
1870:
1865:
1859:, p. 38.
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1782:, p. 53.
1781:
1776:
1774:
1767:, p. 67.
1766:
1761:
1755:, p. 95.
1754:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1732:
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1284:
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1274:
1273:Cabrita Point
1271:
1269:
1266:
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1261:
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1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:Naval battles
1246:
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1234:
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1199:
1197:
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1192:
1189:
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1175:
1173:
1172:4th Barcelona
1170:
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1007:3rd Barcelona
1005:
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992:2nd Barcelona
990:
988:
985:
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978:
975:
973:
972:2nd Gibraltar
970:
968:
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962:1st Gibraltar
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952:1st Barcelona
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63:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2094:
2075:
2054:
2043:
2038:
2025:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1857:Falkner 2007
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1760:
1681:
1664:
1641:Stevensweert
1618:On 25 June,
1617:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1576:
1560:
1528:
1512:
1486:, under the
1477:
1462:
1419:Stevensweert
1363:Kaiserswerth
1321:Kaiserswerth
1318:
1297:
1295:
1283:Lizard Point
1263:Cape Spartel
1137:Villaviciosa
920:Fenestrelles
706:2nd Haguenau
696:1st Haguenau
676:2nd Trarbach
641:Schellenberg
611:Munderkingen
576:1st Trarbach
556:Kaiserswerth
539:2nd Bouchain
494:1st Bouchain
484:Saint-Venant
299:Stevensweert
288:
200:2 battalions
196:
95:Belligerents
43:Citizens of
29:Part of the
2059:. Longman.
2013:(in Dutch).
1780:PĂ©rini 1906
1736:Bodart 1908
1620:Marlborough
1278:Beachy Head
1241:Nagymajtény
1211:Nagyszombat
1196:Schmöllnitz
1177:2nd Majorca
1037:1st Majorca
982:Albuquerque
885:Pizzigetone
880:Alessandria
728:3rd Hagenau
686:Lauterbourg
681:Wissembourg
566:Friedlingen
524:Marchiennes
439:Hondschoote
409:Dendermonde
284:Saint Donas
2106:Categories
2027:4 February
1953:Knoop 1861
1693:References
1670:battalions
1492:Kranenburg
1480:battalions
1471:began the
1377:Kranenburg
1191:Eisenstadt
1167:2nd Girona
1142:1st Girona
1127:2nd Madrid
1032:El AlbujĂłn
1022:1st Madrid
957:Portalegre
790:Borgoforte
743:4th Landau
738:Rumersheim
733:Stollhofen
701:Drusenheim
671:3rd Landau
656:Ingolstadt
631:2nd Landau
626:Speyerbach
601:Sigharting
561:1st Landau
509:Landrécies
464:Malplaquet
429:Wijnendale
279:Middelburg
251:War of the
191:40,000 men
1965:Lynn 1999
1941:Wijn 1956
1929:Wijn 1956
1917:Wijn 1956
1893:Wijn 1956
1881:Wijn 1956
1869:Wijn 1956
1833:Wijn 1956
1821:Wijn 1956
1797:Wijn 1956
1765:Wijn 1956
1753:Wijn 1956
1674:squadrons
1582:Aftermath
1568:covertway
1563:De Guiche
1540:Groesbeek
1519:Louis XIV
1484:squadrons
1147:Aren Fort
1112:La Gudiña
1057:CastellĂłn
1012:Alcántara
1002:San Mateo
860:Calcinato
845:Mirandola
800:Governolo
795:Guastalla
723:Aidenbach
651:Villingen
621:Höchstädt
581:Andernach
571:Rheinberg
529:2nd Douai
474:1st Douai
434:Leffinghe
419:Oudenarde
389:Ramillies
379:Zandvliet
374:Zoutleeuw
359:2nd Liége
319:Groesbeek
309:1st Liége
85:Aftermath
1645:Roermond
1496:Sonsbeck
1433:Roermond
1391:Sonsbeck
1349:Nijmegen
1310:Nijmegen
1253:Vigo Bay
1152:Venasque
1132:Brihuega
1122:Zaragoza
1107:Alicante
987:MontjuĂŻc
930:Syracuse
905:2nd Susa
840:Chivasso
825:Vercelli
820:1st Susa
748:Freiburg
716:Sendling
661:Blenheim
636:Augsburg
616:Breisach
586:Neubourg
444:Brussels
369:Elixheim
324:Tongeren
304:Roermond
289:Nijmegen
186:Strength
69:Nijmegen
64:Location
45:Nijmegen
1975:Sources
1672:and 59
1627:. Like
1500:Tallard
1482:and 62
1328:Prelude
1226:TrenÄŤĂn
1184:Hungary
1162:Cardona
1157:Tortosa
1117:Almenar
1097:Minorca
1092:Tortosa
1087:Morella
1067:Almansa
1062:Villena
997:Badajoz
915:Exilles
850:Cassano
785:Luzzara
770:Cremona
711:Bavaria
691:Homburg
591:Geldern
479:BĂ©thune
459:Tournai
394:Antwerp
364:3rd Huy
354:2nd Huy
344:Limburg
339:1st Huy
329:Stekene
137:England
2082:
2063:
1606:Danish
1572:glacis
1534:, the
1504:Kalkar
1268:Málaga
1231:Kölesd
1082:Lleida
1072:XĂ tiva
1042:Cuenca
1027:Murcia
925:Cesana
900:Toulon
890:Casale
835:Verrua
765:Chiari
544:Knocke
519:Denain
399:Ostend
334:Ekeren
257:Europe
134:
121:
110:France
107:
80:Result
2042:[
1996:[
1656:Notes
1649:Liège
1637:Venlo
1633:Meuse
1548:Grave
1508:Weeze
1447:Liège
1405:Venlo
1236:Kassa
1216:ZsibĂł
1102:Denia
1047:Elche
967:Ceuta
942:Cádiz
910:Gaeta
895:Milan
875:Pavia
865:Turin
830:Ivrea
760:Carpi
499:Arras
454:Ghent
424:Lille
404:Menin
384:Diest
314:Hulst
294:Venlo
2080:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2029:2023
1647:and
1544:Mook
1296:The
1206:Páta
1201:Raab
855:Nice
810:Arco
805:Nago
646:Rain
606:Bonn
596:Kehl
489:Aire
469:Mons
83:See
56:Date
1668:37
666:Ulm
414:Ath
2108::
2009:.
1787:^
1772:^
1743:^
1718:^
1701:^
1643:,
1639:,
1574:.
1521:.
1316:.
71:,
2088:.
2069:.
2031:.
242:e
235:t
228:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
